2248:
2262:
31:
878:
granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for services, such as agricultural services. Such grants/servitude was not always in the best interest of the peasant and the copyhold could be extinguished by an act of the tenant showing an intention not to hold the land any longer. Copyholds
802:
receives satisfaction and full payment of a debt and the creditor releases the debtor, then that is express extinguishment by matter of fact. If a person is renting land and subsequently becomes the owner of that same land by purchase or descent, the rent is extinguished through implied
850:(a common), in England and Wales and the United States, is a piece of land owned by one person, but over which other people can exercise certain traditional rights, such as allowing their livestock to graze upon it. If the owner of the common right becomes the owner of the
854:, then the common right becomes extinguished. If the crop or other item over which there is a common right is severed from the land, then the common right becomes extinguished. Other situations in which the common right becomes extinguished include
934:
include the right to use the land of another for a special purpose, such as a passageway. If the owner of the right of way purchases the close over which the right of way lies, the right of way is extinguished.
826:
obtained against only one of the debtors works as an extinguishment of the claim on the other debtor as a matter of law. A conveyance of mortgaged land by the mortgagor to the mortgagee extinguishes the
292:
903:
given to secure the payment of a bond is not extinguished by a judgment on the bond since the original debt is not merged by the trust deed. A debt evidenced by a note may be extinguished by a
297:
565:
899:
Debts may be extinguished by the creditor accepting a higher security. If the creditor recovers a judgment, the original debt is extinguished. However, a
670:
3 Historically restricted in common law jurisdictions but generally accepted elsewhere; availability varies between contemporary common law jurisdictions
511:
560:
685:
252:
859:
862:(improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor.)
499:
2229:
730:
703:
783:. A right may be extinguished by nullifying that right or, in the case of a debt, discharged by payment in full or through
1051:
1007:
1655:
1213:
1112:
1769:
1638:
316:
280:
2224:
1571:
1472:
1731:
1365:
309:
883:
in the same person. Copyholds were gradually enfranchised (turned into ordinary holdings of land—either
1084:
759:. If the subject of the contract is destroyed (such as through merging the contract subject and the contract
1891:
1370:
575:
165:
1886:
1047:
1003:
795:
60:
1861:
1360:
723:
595:
321:
674:
1944:
570:
529:
441:
923:(rent of unimproved land) is extinguished by a conveyance from the ground rent owner to the tenant.
1739:
1721:
900:
884:
377:
90:
2073:
2114:
1901:
1390:
1375:
815:
699:
550:
359:
209:
2169:
2154:
915:
A union of the title to the lands and the rent in the same person will extinguish the rent. In
811:
275:
235:
160:
136:
118:
2302:
2273:
1866:
1544:
1355:
716:
692:
555:
123:
1994:
1340:
891:) during the 19th century. Legislation in the 1920s finally extinguished the last of them.
583:
420:
270:
149:
55:
50:
508:(also implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing or duty to negotiate in good faith)
8:
2149:
1289:
1206:
1056:
1012:
339:
230:
95:
75:
1029:
835:
for the amount due on the mortgage does not deprive the mortgage holder of a right to a
1964:
1623:
1477:
1462:
1440:
1184:
1164:
1117:
1107:
702:, and Canadian jurisprudence in both Québec and the common law provinces pertaining to
625:
588:
430:
402:
368:
261:
246:
240:
214:
1949:
1871:
1709:
1452:
1447:
1400:
1325:
1319:
1159:
1077:
482:
471:
192:
141:
132:
113:
70:
1954:
1921:
1420:
1284:
1279:
1244:
807:
505:
392:
387:
349:
344:
187:
170:
2203:
2176:
2164:
2144:
2078:
2056:
2036:
2031:
2011:
1876:
1856:
1851:
1754:
1714:
1425:
1350:
1274:
1259:
1179:
904:
832:
819:
784:
397:
127:
104:
2280:
2088:
2006:
1595:
1561:
1512:
1497:
1269:
1174:
1154:
1144:
643:
534:
465:
450:
198:
45:
2296:
2134:
2093:
1979:
1959:
1931:
1881:
1846:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1759:
1699:
1539:
1529:
1487:
1410:
1405:
1335:
1294:
1218:
1024:
855:
791:
768:
434:
182:
155:
85:
177:
2266:
2016:
1984:
1939:
1677:
1672:
1643:
1556:
1534:
1502:
1435:
1415:
1309:
1249:
1239:
1191:
1149:
1127:
1070:
1055:
Pp. 1166-1167. 3rd revision (being the 8th ed.) Vernon Law Book Co. ;
1011:
Pp. 1166-1167. 3rd revision (being the 8th ed.) Vernon Law Book Co. ;
916:
828:
744:
638:
633:
620:
411:
65:
2188:
2129:
2119:
1916:
1911:
1749:
1650:
1566:
1525:
1492:
1457:
1380:
1304:
1254:
1169:
920:
875:
847:
476:
382:
287:
204:
2252:
2181:
2061:
1999:
1744:
1665:
1660:
1618:
1600:
1588:
1549:
1395:
1385:
1345:
1330:
1314:
1264:
1201:
1196:
880:
851:
823:
764:
760:
678:
661:
80:
2159:
2124:
2066:
2041:
1906:
1803:
1791:
1776:
1764:
1692:
1610:
1583:
1467:
888:
629:
304:
30:
2247:
2208:
2193:
1896:
1781:
1578:
1122:
931:
871:
799:
780:
756:
459:
354:
22:
2098:
2046:
2026:
1974:
1786:
1704:
1520:
1482:
1430:
839:, but merely suspends its enforcement until the note is payable.
776:
425:
2198:
2051:
1796:
1687:
1682:
1628:
1299:
806:
There are numerous situations where a claim is extinguished by
2139:
2083:
1989:
1830:
1633:
1132:
752:
2021:
1969:
1825:
1223:
1139:
836:
772:
767:. Extinguishment occurs in a variety of contracts, such as
615:
1093:
879:
may be extinguished by the union of the copyhold and the
605:
695:
both in Québec and in the country's common law provinces
1062:
698:
7 Specific to civil law jurisdictions, the
American
16:
Destruction or nullification of a right or contract
512:Contract A and Contract B in Canadian contract law
1048:Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia
1004:Bouvier's Law Dictionary and Concise Encyclopedia
2294:
667:2 Specific to civil and mixed law jurisdictions
1078:
1059:. Publisher: West Publishing Company. 3 vols.
1015:. Publisher: West Publishing Company. 3 vols.
865:
724:
894:
842:
704:contractual and pre-contractual negotiation
1085:
1071:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
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978:
976:
974:
972:
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968:
731:
717:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
926:
910:
2230:History of the American legal profession
2295:
1046:Rawle, Francis; Bouvier, John. (1914)
1002:Rawle, Francis; Bouvier, John. (1914)
945:
500:Duty of honest contractual performance
1066:
688:of International Commercial Contracts
677:and other civil codes based on the
13:
803:extinguishment by matter of fact.
14:
2314:
1214:Restitution and unjust enrichment
763:), then the contract may be made
2261:
2260:
2246:
502:(or doctrine of abuse of rights)
317:Enforcement of foreign judgments
281:Hague Choice of Court Convention
29:
2225:History of the legal profession
1018:
310:Singapore Mediation Convention
1:
1040:
684:5 Explicitly rejected by the
451:Quasi-contractual obligations
790:An extinguishment may be by
7:
10:
2319:
1892:International legal theory
1371:International slavery laws
1366:International human rights
1361:International criminal law
866:Extinguishment of copyhold
322:Hague Judgments Convention
2240:
2217:
2107:
1945:Administration of justice
1930:
1839:
1730:
1609:
1511:
1232:
1100:
673:4 Specific to the German
1722:Basic structure doctrine
1572:Natural and legal rights
1453:Public international law
938:
895:Extinguishment of a debt
843:Extinguishment of common
751:is the destruction of a
378:Anticipatory repudiation
128:unequal bargaining power
1902:Principle of typicality
1376:International trade law
1092:
700:Uniform Commercial Code
675:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
360:Third-party beneficiary
332:Rights of third parties
210:Accord and satisfaction
1033:Accessed June 16, 2008
927:Extinguishment of ways
911:Extinguishment of rent
431:Liquidated, stipulated
276:Forum selection clause
161:Frustration of purpose
1897:Principle of legality
1656:Delegated legislation
1356:Intellectual property
810:. If two persons are
693:Canadian contract law
61:Abstraction principle
2115:Barristers' chambers
2057:Legal representation
1995:Justice of the peace
1341:Financial regulation
822:debt, a judgment at
771:(common, copyhold),
522:Related areas of law
421:Specific performance
271:Choice of law clause
236:Contract of adhesion
150:Culpa in contrahendo
56:Meeting of the minds
51:Offer and acceptance
2150:Election commission
1862:Expressive function
1391:Landlord–tenant law
1290:Consumer protection
1057:St. Paul, Minnesota
1013:St. Paul, Minnesota
831:. However taking a
686:UNIDROIT Principles
460:Promissory estoppel
340:Privity of contract
293:New York Convention
253:UNIDROIT Principles
96:Collateral contract
91:Implication-in-fact
76:Invitation to treat
2108:Legal institutions
1975:Lawsuit/Litigation
1965:Dispute resolution
1770:Catholic canon law
1478:State of emergency
1441:Will and testament
1165:Law of obligations
1118:Constitutional law
1108:Administrative law
506:Duty of good faith
403:Fundamental breach
369:Breach of contract
298:UNCITRAL Model Law
262:Dispute resolution
247:Contra proferentem
241:Integration clause
215:Exculpatory clause
2290:
2289:
1950:Constitutionalism
1872:Law and economics
1710:Act of parliament
1448:Product liability
1401:Legal archaeology
1326:Environmental law
1320:Entertainment law
1160:International law
852:fee simple estate
741:
740:
584:England and Wales
492:Duties of parties
483:Negotiorum gestio
472:Unjust enrichment
193:Statute of frauds
142:Unconscionability
114:Misrepresentation
71:Mirror image rule
2310:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2074:Question of fact
1955:Criminal justice
1285:Construction law
1280:Conflict of laws
1245:Agricultural law
1087:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1034:
1022:
1016:
1000:
874:was a parcel of
808:operation of law
733:
726:
719:
561:China (mainland)
530:Conflict of laws
393:Efficient breach
388:Exclusion clause
188:Illusory promise
171:Impracticability
33:
19:
18:
2318:
2317:
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2311:
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2236:
2213:
2204:Political party
2177:Legal education
2165:Law enforcement
2145:Court of equity
2103:
2079:Question of law
2032:Practice of law
2012:Judicial review
1926:
1877:Legal formalism
1857:Comparative law
1852:Contract theory
1835:
1755:Legal pluralism
1726:
1715:Act of Congress
1639:Executive order
1605:
1507:
1426:Nationality law
1351:Immigration law
1275:Competition law
1228:
1096:
1091:
1052:Extinguishment.
1043:
1038:
1037:
1030:Extinguishment.
1023:
1019:
1008:Extinguishment.
1001:
946:
941:
929:
913:
897:
868:
845:
833:promissory note
820:simple contract
737:
708:
580:United Kingdom
543:By jurisdiction
17:
12:
11:
5:
2316:
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2305:
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1823:
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1636:
1626:
1621:
1619:Ballot measure
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1596:Legal treatise
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1562:Letters patent
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1513:Sources of law
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1498:Unenforced law
1495:
1490:
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1338:
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1328:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Commercial law
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1167:
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1137:
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1104:
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1042:
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1035:
1025:Dictionary.com
1017:
943:
942:
940:
937:
928:
925:
912:
909:
896:
893:
867:
864:
844:
841:
792:matter of fact
769:land contracts
749:extinguishment
739:
738:
736:
735:
728:
721:
713:
710:
709:
707:
706:
696:
691:6 Specific to
689:
682:
671:
668:
665:
660:1 Specific to
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
647:
646:
641:
636:
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591:
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538:
537:
535:Commercial law
532:
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518:
517:
516:
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493:
489:
488:
487:
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469:
466:Quantum meruit
462:
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231:Parol evidence
225:
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223:Interpretation
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207:
202:
199:Non est factum
195:
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40:
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2135:Civil society
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2100:
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2094:Trier of fact
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2013:
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1980:Legal opinion
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1961:
1960:Court-martial
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1956:
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1932:Jurisprudence
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1816:Socialist law
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1809:Byzantine law
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1760:Religious law
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1700:Statutory law
1698:
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1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Statutory law
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Transport law
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Legal fiction
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Financial law
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:Corporate law
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:Statutory law
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:Core subjects
1099:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
944:
936:
933:
932:Right of ways
924:
922:
918:
908:
906:
902:
892:
890:
886:
882:
877:
873:
863:
861:
857:
856:legal release
853:
849:
840:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
818:liable for a
817:
813:
809:
804:
801:
797:
796:matter of law
793:
788:
786:
782:
781:right of ways
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
734:
729:
727:
722:
720:
715:
714:
712:
711:
705:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
669:
666:
664:jurisdictions
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
651:
650:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
612:
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
596:United States
594:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
546:
542:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
525:
521:
520:
513:
510:
509:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
491:
490:
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
467:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:
452:
449:
448:
443:
440:
436:
435:penal damages
432:
429:
428:
427:
426:Money damages
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
413:
410:
409:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
370:
367:
366:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
335:
331:
330:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:
308:
307:
306:
303:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
286:
282:
279:
278:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
263:
260:
259:
254:
251:
249:
248:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
227:
226:
222:
221:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
205:Unclean hands
203:
201:
200:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
172:
169:
167:
166:Impossibility
164:
162:
159:
158:
157:
156:Force majeure
154:
152:
151:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
137:public policy
134:
131:
129:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:Consideration
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
42:
41:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
2303:Contract law
2279:
2272:
2258:
2244:
2017:Jurisdiction
1985:Legal remedy
1940:Adjudication
1840:Legal theory
1678:Ratification
1673:Promulgation
1644:Proclamation
1624:Codification
1557:Human rights
1545:Divine right
1535:Constitution
1503:Women in law
1421:Military law
1416:Marriage law
1411:Maritime law
1310:Election law
1250:Aviation law
1240:Abortion law
1192:Property law
1128:Criminal law
1050:
1028:
1020:
1006:
930:
917:Pennsylvania
914:
907:of the note
898:
887:or 999-year
869:
846:
805:
789:
748:
745:contract law
742:
639:Criminal law
621:Property law
576:Saudi Arabia
481:
464:
245:
197:
148:
66:Posting rule
23:Contract law
2189:Legislature
2120:Bureaucracy
1917:Rule of man
1912:Rule of law
1887:Libertarian
1750:Chinese law
1651:Legislation
1601:Regulations
1589:Law reports
1567:Natural law
1463:Reparations
1458:Refugee law
1381:Jurimetrics
1322:(Media law)
1260:Banking law
1255:Amnesty law
1233:Disciplines
1170:Private law
921:ground rent
876:land tenure
860:approvement
848:Common land
477:Restitution
288:Arbitration
2182:Law school
2062:Prosecutor
2000:Magistrate
1787:Jewish law
1745:Common law
1666:Rulemaking
1661:Regulation
1611:Law making
1550:Divine law
1526:Legal code
1473:Sports law
1396:Law of war
1346:Health law
1331:Family law
1315:Energy law
1265:Bankruptcy
1202:Punishment
1197:Public law
1041:References
901:trust deed
824:common law
785:settlement
761:obligation
679:pandectist
662:common law
442:Rescission
350:Delegation
345:Assignment
133:Illegality
81:Firm offer
2160:Judiciary
2155:Executive
2130:The bench
2067:Solicitor
2042:Barrister
1922:Sociology
1907:Pseudolaw
1847:Anarchist
1804:Roman law
1792:Parsi law
1777:Hindu law
1765:Canon law
1740:Civil law
1693:Concordat
1584:Precedent
1493:Trust law
1468:Space law
1305:Drugs law
1175:Procedure
1113:Civil law
905:surrender
889:leasehold
816:severally
681:tradition
551:Australia
398:Deviation
305:Mediation
38:Formation
2297:Category
2267:Category
2209:Tribunal
2194:Military
2037:Attorney
2007:Judgment
1867:Feminist
1782:Jain law
1579:Case law
1300:Cyberlaw
1207:Corporal
1185:Criminal
1155:Evidence
1145:Doctrine
1123:Contract
885:freehold
881:freehold
872:copyhold
829:mortgage
814:but not
800:creditor
757:contract
644:Evidence
616:Tort law
589:Scotland
412:Remedies
355:Novation
178:Hardship
105:Defences
46:Capacity
2281:Outline
2218:History
2125:The bar
2099:Verdict
2047:Counsel
2027:Justice
1882:History
1705:Statute
1521:Charter
1483:Tax law
1431:Probate
1027:(2008)
812:jointly
798:. If a
794:and by
634:estates
566:Ireland
183:Set-off
124:Threats
119:Mistake
2199:Police
2170:Agency
2052:Lawyer
1797:Sharia
1688:Treaty
1683:Repeal
1629:Decree
1540:Custom
1436:Estate
1386:Labour
1150:Equity
779:, and
632:, and
630:trusts
604:Other
556:Canada
2274:Index
2140:Court
2084:Trial
1990:Judge
1831:Yassa
1634:Edict
1180:Civil
1133:Crime
939:Notes
777:rents
773:debts
753:right
652:Notes
626:Wills
608:areas
571:India
433:, or
383:Cover
2022:Jury
1970:Fiqh
1826:Xeer
1224:Tort
1140:Deed
919:, a
858:and
837:lien
765:void
135:and
126:and
1094:Law
755:or
743:In
606:law
2299::
1528:/
947:^
870:A
787:.
775:,
747:,
628:,
1086:e
1079:t
1072:v
732:e
725:t
718:v
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