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235:. As the recipient of the university's DeForest Prize, he titled his oration, "Servants of the Devil", in which he proclaimed Yale's administration to be an "autocracy, ruled by a Corporation out of touch with college life and allied with big business". In his final year as a Yale undergraduate, he received the
500:
producers. In a 1925 letter to Cheney, Matthiessen wrote about trusting friends with the knowledge of their relationship, rather than the world at large; in planning to spend his life with Cheney, Matthiessen went as far as asking his cohort in the Yale secret society Skull and Bones to approve of
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reported his inaugural address in which
Matthiessen quoted the campus union's constitution: "In affiliating with the organized labor movement, we express our desire to contribute to and receive support from this powerful progressive force; to reduce the segregation of teachers from the rest of the
619:
Matthiessen's contribution to the critical celebration of 19th-century
American literature is considered formative and enduring. Along with several other scholars, he is regarded as a contributor to the creation of American studies as a recognized academic discipline. His personal story, academic
399:
Our age has had no escape from an awareness of history. Much of that history has been hard and full of suffering. But now we have the luxury of an historical awareness of another sort, of an occasion not of anxiety but of promise. We may speak without exaggeration of this occasion as historic,
537:
in Boston. He had been hospitalized once for a nervous breakdown in 1938–39. He also continued to be deeply affected by
Russell Cheney's death, which was caused by a heart attack. He spent the evening before his death at the home of his friend and colleague, Kenneth Murdock, Harvard's Higginson
1435:
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was "the ultimate expression of
Matthiessen's love for Cheney and a secret celebration of the gay artist." Throughout his teaching career at Harvard, Matthiessen maintained a residence in either Cambridge or Boston. However, the couple often retreated to their shared cottage in
239:
Prize, awarded to the senior "who through the combination of intellectual achievement, character and personality, shall be adjudged by the faculty to have done the most for Yale by inspiring in classmates an admiration and love for the best traditions of high scholarship".
1869:
Monthly Review, Vol 2 No 6, October 1950, entire edition dedicated to FOM with two essays by FOM and essays and statements by friends and scholars including Leo Marx, Paul Sweezy, Alfred Kazin, Corliss Lamont, Kenneth
Murdock, May Sarton and Richard
541:
In a note left in the hotel room, Matthiessen wrote, "I am depressed over world conditions. I am a
Christian and a Socialist. I am against any order which interferes with that objective." Commentators have speculated on the impact of the escalating
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contributions, political activism and early death had a lasting impact on a circle of scholars and writers. Their sense of loss and struggle to understand his suicide can be found in two novels with central figures inspired by
Matthiessen,
380:, 1948), but "some of the editors missed the usual Matthiessen touch of brilliance and subtlety." Kermit Vanderbilt suggests that because Matthiessen was "not able to pull together the related strands" between Poe and the writers of
592:. Writing in 1958, Eric Jacobsen referred to Matthiessen's death as "hastened by forces whose activities earned for themselves the sobriquet un-American which they sought so assiduously to fasten on others". However, in 1978,
259:, earning a B.Litt. in 1925. At Harvard University, he quickly completed his M.A. in 1926 and Ph.D. degree in 1927. He then returned to Yale to teach for two years, before beginning a distinguished teaching career at Harvard.
488:
concern are apparent in his writings. In 2009, a statement from
Harvard University said that Matthiessen "stands out as an unusual example of a gay man who lived his sexuality as an 'open secret' in the mid-20th century."
275:
Matthiessen was an
American studies scholar and literary critic at Harvard University, and chaired its undergraduate program in history and literature. He wrote and edited landmark works of scholarship on
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In the same letter to Cheney (7 February 1925), Matthiessen makes clear a distinction between the world and those 'close friends' with whom he thinks it safe to share the fact of their relationship.
2036:
328:. Its focus was the period roughly from 1850 to 1855 in which all these writers but Emerson published what would, by Matthiessen's time, come to be thought of as their masterpieces: Melville's
554:
into his politics may have been a contributing factor in his suicide. In an article subsection titled "Dupes and Fellow
Travelers Dress Up Communist Fronts" in the April 4, 1949 edition of
169:
as the common term to refer to American literature of the mid-nineteenth century. Matthiessen was known for his support of liberal causes and progressive politics. His contributions to the
651:, housing personal manuscripts and 1700 volumes of his library available for scholarly research by permission. Eliot House also hosts an annual Matthiessen Dinner with a guest speaker.
442:. On the Harvard campus, Matthiessen was a visible and active supporter of progressive causes. In May 1940 he was elected president of the Harvard Teachers Union, an affiliate of the
453:
workers ...and increase thereby the sense of common purpose among them; and in particular to cooperate in this field in the advancement of education and resistance to all reaction."
517:. The title alludes to the pseudonyms by which the two refer to one another: Matthiessen is "Devil" and Cheney is "Rat". In 1992 the collection was adapted as a stage play, titled
388:, published in 1950, an anthology of American poetry of major importance which contributed significantly to the propagation of American modernist poetry in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Several generations after Matthiessen's death, this visiting professorship reaffirms the university's appreciation for his continuing legacy as a storied scholar and teacher.
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204:. Following the separation of his parents, he relocated with his mother to his paternal grandparents' home in LaSalle. He completed his secondary education at
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on February 19, 1902. He was the fourth of four children born to Frederick William Matthiessen (1868–1948) and Lucy Orne Pratt (1866). His grandfather,
1846:
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His stature and legacy as a member of the Harvard community has been memorialized in several ways by the university. He was the first Senior Tutor at
2189:
2030:
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1825:
165:, celebrated the achievements of several 19th-century American authors and had a profound impact on a generation of scholars. It also established
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324:(1941), discusses the flowering of literary culture in the middle of the American 19th century, with Emerson, Thoreau, Melville, Whitman and
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647:'s undergraduate residential houses. More than seventy years after his death, Matthiessen's suite at Eliot House remains preserved as the
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for ten years. Francis' three older siblings were Frederick William (born 1894), George Dwight (born 1897) and Lucy Orne (born 1898).
30:
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surveillance of left-wing university academics, he was mentioned as an activist in Boston area so-called "Communist front groups" by
189:, was an industrial leader in zinc production and a successful manufacturer of clocks and machine tools; and also served as mayor of
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since we have come here to enact anew the chief function of culture and humanism, to bring man again into communication with man.
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521:, written and directed by Michael Bonacci. The play was also a tribute to Bonacci's partner, who had died the previous year.
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496:, twenty years his senior. Like Matthiessen's family, Cheney's was prominent in business, being among America's leading
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432:. Already financially secure, he donated an inheritance he received in the late 1940s to his friend, Marxist economist
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1468:(This is a citation of a primary source (book review written by the author of the book) found on a book review blog.)
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said that the book "virtually created the field of American literature." Originally Matthiessen planned to include
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magazine, he had been pictured among fifty prominent academics, scientists, clergy and writers, who also included
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1315:
667:
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called it "an important milestone". It is funded by a $ 1.5 million gift from the members and supporters of the
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153:(February 19, 1902 – April 1, 1950) was an educator, scholar and literary critic influential in the fields of
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2004:
1987:
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their partnership. With Cheney having encouraged Matthiessen's interest in Whitman, it has been argued that
480:
Matthiessen was known to his friends as "Matty". As a gay man in the 1930s and 1940s, he chose to remain in
2199:
696:
443:
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in the book, but found that Poe did not fit in the scheme of the book. He wrote the chapter on Poe for the
1962:
1379:
2048:
608:
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1826:"Welcome Reception for Mel Y. Chen, 2020 F.O. Matthiessen Visiting Professor of Gender and Sexuality"
966:
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on his state of mind. He was being targeted by anti-communist forces that would soon be exploited by
1687:"Harvard Gay & Lesbian Caucus: F. O. Matthiessen Visiting Professorship of Gender and Sexuality"
1915:
1302:
799:
662:. Believing the post to be "the first professorship of its kind in the country", Harvard President
138:
1911:
1298:
547:
392:
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2079:
1955:
Beneath the American Renaissance: The Subversive Imagination in the Age of Emerson and Melville
991:
227:
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community have been memorialized in several ways, including an endowed visiting professorship.
1192:
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A compilation of letters between Matthiessen and Cheney was published in 1978 under the title
1354:
985:
436:. Sweezy used the money, totalling almost $ 15,000, to found a new journal, which became the
243:
2084:
2074:
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throughout his professional career, if not in his personal life – although traces of
182:
62:
1847:"C. Riley Snorton is the 2023 F.O. Matthiessen Visiting Professor of Gender and Sexuality"
8:
1492:
600:, to which he had never belonged, loudly signalized his suicide as a political gesture".
597:
448:
325:
313:
281:
266:
F. O. Matthiessen tablet at Eliot House, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
209:
154:
1918:
25:12 (July 20, 1978), pp. 42–46 (abstract online; full text for subscribers only).
1305:
25:12 (July 20, 1978), pp. 42–46 (abstract online; full text for subscribers only).
247:
Helen Bayne Knapp, Matthiessen, and Russell Cheney: photo taken in Cheney's garden, 1925
1557:
924:
589:
364:
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because of the influence of this work on later literary history and criticism. In 2003
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2061:. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
1804:
1712:
1101:
American Literature and the Academy: The Roots, Growth, and Maturity of a Profession
1942:
1660:
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1076:
708:
678:
461:
158:
2055:, YouTube, Harvard's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Retrieved March 22, 2013
1946:
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1877:. Eds. Walter Benn Michaels and Donald Pease. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1985.
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464:, at the party's convention in Philadelphia in 1948. Reflective of the emerging
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127:
36:
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1974:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina : University of North Carolina Press, 1981.
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The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality and the Shaping of American Culture
2068:
1519:
880:
655:
577:
565:
297:
1930:
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Rat & the Devil: journal letters of F. O. Matthiessen and Russell Cheney
1228:
515:
Rat & the Devil: journal letters of F. O. Matthiessen and Russell Cheney
2025:
1735:"Harvard Establishes the First LGBTQ Faculty Position in the United States"
803:, edited by F. O. Matthiessen and Kenneth B. Murdock, (first edition 1947)
534:
317:
1882:
Rat and the Devil: Journal Letters of F. O. Matthiessen and Russell Cheney
1873:
Arac, Jonathan. "F. O. Matthiessen: Authorizing an American Renaissance."
1409:
758:
American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman
322:
American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman
163:
American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman
1269:
Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America
1257:"American Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941), p. 431".
702:
684:
640:
629:
593:
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465:
433:
289:
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768:, Oxford University Press (1941) (also available in many other editions)
1999:
The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America
663:
621:
485:
481:
429:
425:
358:. The mid-19th century in American literature is commonly called the
330:
1690:
1321:
Gaiety Transfigured: Gay Self-Representation in American Literature
1271:. Vol. 2. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 238.
1002:
194:
2031:
Gayle Rubin's faculty page at the University of Michigan's website
1805:"F. O. Matthiessen Visiting Professorship of Gender and Sexuality"
1600:
949:
The Ancestry and the Descendants of John Pratt of Hartford, Conn
752:
The Achievement of T. S. Eliot: An Essay on the Nature of Poetry
660:
F. O. Matthiessen Visiting Professorship of Gender and Sexuality
492:
He had a two-decade-long romantic relationship with the painter
2009:
Red, White, and Blue: Men, Books, and Ideas in American Culture
1979:
To Wake the Nations: Race and the Making of American Literature
1436:"'Rat and Devil in Love' appeals to the mind, not the emotions"
354:
81:
1984:
Toibin, Colm. "Love in a Dark Time". New York, Scribner, 2004.
1480:
384:, the chapter is "markedly old-fashioned." Matthiessen edited
2037:
Henry Abelove's faculty page at Wesleyan University's website
391:
Matthiessen was one of earliest scholars associated with the
1931:"Introduction: a Socialist Magazine in the American Century"
1229:"Introduction: a Socialist Magazine in the American Century"
2053:
reflections on Matthiessen from 11:48 through 19:10 minutes
497:
1726:
952:. Hartford, Conn.: Case, Lockwood & Brainard. p.
1507:
596:
was more skeptical, saying only that "spokesmen for the
395:. In July 1947, he gave the inaugural lecture, stating:
1759:
Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Registrar's Office
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
829:, Monthly Review, Vol 2 No 6, October 1950 (posthumous)
823:, Monthly Review, Vol 2 No 6, October 1950 (posthumous)
1488:"F. O. Matthiessen Plunges to Death from Hotel Window"
412:, in 1948, Matthiessen was one of the founders of the
1779:"Robert Reid-Pharr Named 2016 Matthiessen Professor"
1546:. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel. pp. 9–10.
1054:
1149:
www.salzburgglobal.org, Retrieved September 5, 2013
533:in 1950 by jumping from a 12th floor window of the
1925:New York: Henry Holt (Picador), pp. 90, 124
1206:
1168:www.kenyonhistory.net, Retrieved September 5, 2013
1105:, p. 501. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.
976:mssa.library.yale.edu, Retrieved December 21, 2013
1972:F. O. Matthiessen - Christian Socialist as Critic
1655:
1653:
1651:
654:In 2009, Harvard established an endowed chair in
2066:
1665:"Harvard to Endow Chair in Gay, Lesbian Studies"
1659:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1001:. Harvard Gay and Lesbian Caucus. Archived from
920:"American Culture's Debt To Gay Sons of Harvard"
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
892:, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux (posthumous - 1971)
93:Springfield Cemetery, Springfield, Massachusetts
1733:Ferreol, Michelle Denise L. (October 4, 2012).
1209:I Led 3 Lives: citizen, "Communist," counterspy
1072:"Harvard to endow professorship in gay studies"
792:Russell Cheney, 1881–1945: A Record of His Work
1648:
1342:
1017:
902:
857:, Oxford University Press (posthumous - 1952)
1967:YDS: The Clare Spark Blog, December 29, 2010
1963:"F. O. Matthiessen: martyr to McCarthyism?"
1884:. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1978.
1622:
1348:
871:, Alfred A. Knopf (1947, posthumous - 1961)
456:Matthiessen seconded the nomination of the
176:
1556:
1550:
1440:Star Tribune: Newspaper of the Twin Cities
945:
29:
1713:"About our name change from HGLC to HGSC"
1204:
1034:
843:, Oxford University Press (December 1950)
2190:Suicides by jumping in the United States
2044:A public conversation with Henry Abelove
1541:
1293:
1291:
986:Max Lerner: Pilgrim in the Promised Land
261:
242:
1732:
1459:
1433:
1314:
1037:"Harvard to Endow Chair in Gay Studies"
2067:
1928:
1407:
1349:Shand-Tucci, Douglass (May 19, 2003).
1308:
1226:
1195:, pg. 218, Retrieved December 21, 2013
552:House Un-American Activities Committee
219:, where he was managing editor of the
1981:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1993.
1957:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1988.
1912:The Private Life of F. O. Matthiessen
1875:The American Renaissance Reconsidered
1403:
1401:
1299:The Private Life of F. O. Matthiessen
1288:
1266:
917:
788:, Oxford University Press (June 1944)
510:. Russell Cheney died in July 1945.
374:Literary History of the United States
200:In Pasadena Francis was a student at
181:Francis Otto Matthiessen was born in
2001:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1994:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1905:Manhood and the American Renaissance
1679:
1608:"Eliot Book Room Exhibits Treasures"
1377:
811:, University of Chicago Press (1981)
673:Holders of the chair have included:
109:Historian, literary critic, educator
2011:. New York: Oxford University Press
1632:. eliot.harvard.edu. Archived from
1460:Bonacci, Michael (April 26, 2010).
1069:
1035:Steinberg, Jacques (June 3, 2009).
946:Whittelsey, Charles Barney (1900).
861:The James Family: A Group Biography
668:Harvard Gender and Sexuality Caucus
13:
2215:20th-century American male writers
2170:LGBTQ people from New York (state)
1863:
1398:
14:
2281:
2255:20th-century American journalists
2220:American male non-fiction writers
2205:Writers from Pasadena, California
2015:
1992:Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age
1434:Vaughan, Peter (March 18, 1992).
1326:The University of Wisconsin Press
833:The Oxford Book of American Verse
538:Professor of English Literature.
386:The Oxford Book of American Verse
334:, multiple editions of Whitman's
270:
2230:Historians from New York (state)
2090:20th-century American historians
1929:Phelps, Christopher (May 1999).
1544:Translation: a Traditional Craft
1227:Phelps, Christopher (May 1999).
999:"Biography of F. O. Matthiessen"
817:, Oxford University Press (1948)
794:, Oxford University Press (1947)
754:, Oxford University Press (1935)
475:
2185:People from Tarrytown, New York
2165:LGBTQ people from Massachusetts
2135:Historians of the United States
1907:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1989.
1839:
1818:
1797:
1771:
1752:
1705:
1581:
1535:
1453:
1427:
1384:. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
1371:
1260:
1251:
1220:
1198:
1186:
1171:
1152:
1140:Salzburg Global Seminar History
1133:
1124:
918:Smith, Dinitia (May 29, 2003).
774:, edited, New Directions (1944)
772:Herman Melville: Selected Poems
738:Translation: An Elizabethan Art
717:
1205:Philbrick, Herbert A. (1952).
1115:
1092:
979:
960:
939:
875:To the Memory of Phelps Putnam
847:Responsibilities of the Critic
580:and fellow Harvard professors
1:
2225:Historians from Massachusetts
2180:People from LaSalle, Illinois
2095:American Christian socialists
988:, Retrieved December 21, 2013
349:The House of the Seven Gables
187:Frederick William Matthiessen
2155:LGBTQ people from California
2105:American literary historians
1947:10.14452/MR-051-01-1999-05_1
1414:Gay History & Literature
1245:10.14452/MR-051-01-1999-05_1
896:
821:The Education of a Socialist
778:Henry James: The Major Phase
444:American Federation of Labor
424:Matthiessen's politics were
7:
2033:Retrieved November 25, 2013
1768:Retrieved November 25, 2013
1597:Retrieved November 25, 2013
1523:. April 4, 1949. p. 43
1515:"Red Visitors Cause Rumpus"
1070:Jan, Tracy (June 3, 2009).
419:
215:In 1923, he graduated from
10:
2286:
2270:Members of Skull and Bones
2265:Historians from California
2160:LGBTQ people from Illinois
2130:Harvard University faculty
1689:. HGLC.org. Archived from
1630:"Eliot House - Facilities"
1183:, Retrieved March 22, 2013
609:Springfield, Massachusetts
603:Matthiessen was buried at
2260:American male journalists
2250:American studies scholars
2195:Suicides in Massachusetts
2150:American LGBTQ historians
2140:Journalists from Illinois
2125:Harvard University alumni
2100:American literary critics
1378:Hyde, Louis, ed. (1978).
1213:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
697:Omise'eke Natasha Tinsley
614:
139:Alpheus Henry Snow Prizes
133:
123:
113:
105:
97:
89:
70:
44:
35:Matthiessen (right) with
28:
21:
2235:Historians from Illinois
2115:Burials in Massachusetts
2110:American Rhodes Scholars
2059:F. O. Matthiessen Papers
1916:New York Review of Books
1303:New York Review of Books
1159:Kenyon School of English
967:Yale University obituary
815:From the Heart of Europe
800:Notebooks of Henry James
524:
460:presidential candidate,
414:Kenyon School of English
320:. His best-known book,
177:Early life and education
161:. His best known work,
151:Francis Otto Matthiessen
101:Yale, Oxford and Harvard
49:Francis Otto Matthiessen
2175:LGBTQ studies academics
2039:Retrieved April 4, 2012
1542:Jacobsen, Eric (1958).
1408:Norton, Rictor (1998).
1193:Memories of the Moderns
1178:Matthiessen Heads Union
1121:Vanderbilt 1986, p. 502
879:The Collected Poems of
827:Of Crime and Punishment
626:Faithful are the Wounds
550:, and inquiries by the
548:Senator Joseph McCarthy
519:Devil & Rat in Love
393:Salzburg Global Seminar
39:, Normandy, summer 1925
2210:Yale University alumni
649:F. O. Matthiessen Room
529:Matthiessen committed
402:
267:
248:
228:Yale Literary Magazine
2240:Hackley School alumni
1970:Stern, Frederick C.,
1923:The Old Weird America
1562:"Fictional Biography"
1462:"Rat & the Devil"
734:, Peter Smith, (1929)
397:
265:
246:
2120:American gay writers
1903:Leverenz, L. David.
1785:on February 11, 2017
1267:Stein, Marc (2004).
1130:Vanderbilt 1986, 523
605:Springfield Cemetery
503:American Renaissance
382:American Renaissance
360:American Renaissance
284:, the James family (
183:Pasadena, California
167:American Renaissance
118:American Renaissance
63:Pasadena, California
2200:Writers from Boston
1977:Sundquist, Eric J.
1965:. 29 December 2010.
1739:The Harvard Crimson
1558:Harrington, Michael
1493:The Harvard Crimson
1410:"Rat and the Devil"
1318:(January 1, 1991).
1181:The Harvard Crimson
1099:Kermit Vanderbilt,
449:The Harvard Crimson
326:Nathaniel Hawthorne
314:Henry David Thoreau
282:Ralph Waldo Emerson
210:Tarrytown, New York
155:American literature
84:, Massachusetts, US
2005:Ward, John William
1988:Ward, John William
1764:2013-12-02 at the
1636:on January 1, 2012
1593:2013-12-03 at the
1355:St. Martin's Press
1164:2013-12-03 at the
1145:2013-12-25 at the
1041:The New York Times
972:2016-03-03 at the
925:The New York Times
590:Ralph Barton Perry
365:The New York Times
343:The Scarlet Letter
268:
249:
237:Alpheus Henry Snow
202:Polytechnic School
171:Harvard University
143:Rhodes Scholarship
2022:F. O. Matthiessen
1997:Marx, Leo. 1964.
1953:Reynolds, David.
1880:Hyde, Louis, ed.
1610:. Harvard Crimson
1567:New International
1391:978-0-208-01655-3
724:Sarah Orne Jewett
691:Robert Reid-Pharr
470:Herbert Philbrick
458:Progressive Party
406:John Crowe Ransom
302:Sarah Orne Jewett
253:Oxford University
148:
147:
59:February 19, 1902
23:F. O. Matthiessen
16:American academic
2277:
2145:LGBTQ Christians
2045:
1966:
1950:
1858:
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1855:
1853:
1843:
1837:
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1816:
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634:American Studies
352:, and Thoreau's
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574:Langston Hughes
570:Lillian Hellman
562:Albert Einstein
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410:Lionel Trilling
370:Edgar Allan Poe
337:Leaves of Grass
310:Herman Melville
294:Henry James Sr.
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233:Skull and Bones
222:Yale Daily News
217:Yale University
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1783:the original
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1831:January 22,
1640:January 25,
1009:January 26,
877:, essay in
703:Mel Y. Chen
685:Gayle Rubin
658:called the
641:Eliot House
630:Mark Merlis
628:(1955) and
594:Harry Levin
466:McCarthyism
434:Paul Sweezy
404:Along with
290:Henry James
286:Alice James
278:T. S. Eliot
2069:Categories
1744:October 4,
1278:0684312611
890:0374126275
869:0715638386
855:0195000072
841:0195000498
786:0195012259
746:0781270340
732:0844613053
664:Drew Faust
622:May Sarton
486:homoerotic
482:the closet
55:1902-02-19
1614:March 22,
1472:March 13,
1466:Goodreads
1445:March 13,
897:Footnotes
643:, one of
636:(1994).
544:Red Scare
430:socialist
426:left-wing
331:Moby-Dick
1941:(1): 1.
1762:Archived
1591:Archived
1239:(1): 2.
1162:Archived
1143:Archived
970:Archived
420:Politics
195:Illinois
2049:YouTube
1810:June 6,
1718:June 6,
1697:June 4,
1671:June 4,
1419:Mar 13,
1084:June 3,
1046:June 4,
931:June 3,
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683:2014:
677:2013:
615:Legacy
355:Walden
316:, and
296:, and
134:Awards
82:Boston
2007:1969
1990:1955.
525:Death
255:as a
208:, in
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1447:2023
1421:2023
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1330:ISBN
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1048:2009
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