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408:. He had two brothers, Bernhard and Robert, and two stepsisters, Ida and Anna. His mother, Otilie Volbracht, was the second wife of his father, Heinrich Plumpe (1847–1914), an owner of a cloth factory in the northwest part of Germany. Their villa was often turned into a stage for little plays, directed by the young Friedrich, who had already read books by
875:, whom he invited to his home. In late 1927, Murnau convinced Rollins to pose nude, with the pool and garden of the Wolf's Lair castle in Hollywood serving as the backdrop. In a later interview Rollins claimed to have been puzzled and surprised by the request, but felt comfortable enough with his body to oblige.
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from Los
Angeles, California, in a hired Packard touring car. Murnau's valet, Eliazar Garcia Stevenson (September 2, 1900 – October 4, 1985), swerved to avoid a truck that unexpectedly veered into the northbound lane. The car overturned after striking an embankment, throwing all occupants out of the
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In July 2015, Murnau's grave was broken into, the remains disturbed and the skull removed by persons unknown. Wax residue was reportedly found at the site, leading some to speculate that candles had been lit, perhaps with an occult or ceremonial significance. As this disturbance was not an isolated
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released in 2020, homage is paid to Murnau by making reference to him in the film via a company named "Murnau
Properties," whose logo was the woodcutting view of Vlad the Impaler. Murnau Properties was the shell company owned by vampires, whose plan was to take over the Bronx via property
852:, also served in the war but was killed on the eastern front in 1915. This had a profound effect on Murnau, who drew from the horrors of loss, sacrifice and the violence of war in his film work. It was Ehrenbaum who introduced Murnau to the work of expressionists such as
436:, where he lived for a time. The young Murnau was said to have an icy, imperious disposition and an obsession with film. Some reference sources list him as being almost 210 cm (7 ft) tall, others however list him with a more modest 193 cm (6 ft 4).
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lawsuit. Apart from awarding damages, the court ordered also all existing prints of the film to be destroyed. However, one copy had already been distributed globally. This print, which has been duplicated time and again by a
627:. The film introduced the subjective point of view camera, where the camera "sees" from the eyes of a character and uses visual style to convey a character's psychological state. It also anticipated the
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into vampires to preserve their beauty. Valentino later transforms his fictional lover, Elizabeth
Johnson, into a vampire, and she goes on to become The Countess, the central antagonist of the season.
1049:(AT 2022) is based on the theft of Murnau's head: the skull stolen from the film director's Berlin tomb in 2015 becomes the anchor of a narrative which splices fictional and historical identities.
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241:; December 28, 1888 – March 11, 1931) was a German film director, producer and screenwriter. He is regarded as one of cinema's most influential filmmakers for his work in the
579:. The release would be the only one by Prana Film because the company declared itself bankrupt in order to avoid paying damages to Stoker's estate (acting for the author's widow,
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Murnau joined the German air force as a radio operator in 1916. In
December 1917 he had to make an emergency landing in Switzerland and was interned until the end of the war.
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for this and two other films that year; afterward, each award was limited to work in a single film. In spite of this, Murnau was financially well off, and purchased a farm in
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in 1931. Flaherty left after artistic disputes with Murnau, who had to finish the movie himself. The movie was censored in the United States for its images of bare-breasted
2207:
Transcript of the coroner's inquest for
Frederick Wilhelm Murnau, held on March 11, 1931 in Santa Barbara, California. Santa Barbara Superior Court. Case number 1195.
381:, Murnau died in a California hospital from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. Of the 21 films Murnau directed, eight are now considered to be completely
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A service was held for Murnau at the
Hollywood Lutheran Church on March 19, 1931. His body was transported to Germany, where he was entombed in
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influence, involving a lack of intricate set designs and story lines / themes regarding social injustice towards the working classes.
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and were not well received. Their poor receptions disillusioned Murnau, and he quit Fox to journey for a while in the South
Pacific.
696:. The film is well known for a sequence in which the giant, winged figure of Mephisto hovers over a town sowing the seeds of plague.
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306:. Although not a commercial success owing to copyright issues with author Stoker's estate, the film is considered a masterpiece of
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There, he discovers a community of vampires, and becomes one himself. After returning to the United States, Murnau turns actor
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Murnau's first directorial work premiered in 1919, but he did not attain international recognition until the 1922 film
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2184:"Nevada, U.S., Death Index, 1980-2012." Nevada State Health Division, Office of Vital Statistics. State Death Index.
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After World War I ended, Murnau returned to
Germany, where he soon established his own film studio with actor
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incident, the cemetery managers were considering sealing the grave. The skull has not been recovered since.
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saw him at a students' performance and decided to invite him to his actor-school. He soon became a friend of
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as half-talkie, half-silent, before being fully restored as a silent film — Murnau's preferred medium.
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752:(1927), a movie often cited by scholars as one of the greatest of all time. Released in the Fox
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991:. In the film, Murnau is so dedicated to making the film genuine that he actually hires a real
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on Murnau's life and films. The book began as a short story from
Shepard's 1996 collection
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1015:(2015), Murnau is a mentioned character who, sometime in the early 1920s, travels to the
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Manuel
Lamarca Rosales, "Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau," Madrid, Ediciones Cátedra, 2022.
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has been regarded by critics and film directors as among the best films ever made.
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of Murnau commissioned, which she kept on her desk during her years in Hollywood.
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for two years, surviving eight crashes without severe injuries. After landing in
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at Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere (Media Studies: Reports and Papers)
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as Gretchen. Murnau's film draws on older traditions of the legendary tale of
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plays by the age of 12. Plumpe would take the pseudonym of "Murnau" from the
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was not a financial success, but received several Oscars at the very first
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An erudite child with an early interest in film, Murnau eventually studied
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Welter, Volker (November 2017). "Schloss Murnau, Hollywood, CA 90068".
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Faust DVD review – Philip French on Murnau's symphony of light and dark
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In Hollywood, Murnau reportedly became enamored with the young actor
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vehicle. Murnau suffered a head injury and died the next day at the
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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons
1987:
Weimar Cinema : an essential guide to classic films of the era
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Actor David Rollins sits unclothed in a 1927 photo taken by Murnau.
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2230:"'Nosferatu' director F.W. Murnau's skull stolen by grave robber"
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painting. He explored the theme of dual personalities, much like
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survives. This leaves only 12 films surviving in their entirety.
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Dictionary of Pseudonyms: 13,000 Assumed Names and Their Origins
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Shell shock cinema : Weimar culture and the wounds of war
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Movies in American History: An Encyclopedia : An Encyclopedia
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Posthumous release (Died one week before New York premiere)
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On March 10, 1931, a week prior to the opening of the film
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Murnau emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the
287:. He survived several crashes without any severe injuries.
2381:"Stahnsdorf and the search for F.W. Murnau's stolen skull"
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with Expressionist elements. Unlike expressionist films,
334:. He emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the
2318:"Nosferatu director's head stolen from grave in Germany"
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women. The film was originally shot by cinematographer
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movement in its subject matter. The film also used the "
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The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock
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714:) were two of the first films to feature original
808:(1930), were modified to adapt to the new era of
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2396:"Nosferatu: The Imagined Life of a Film Pioneer"
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769:Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Production
2784:Directors of Best Picture Academy Award winners
2503:Extensive Murnau bibliography, compiled in 2011
1607:"Votes for Sunrise A Song of Two Humans (1927)"
848:Murnau was gay. His friend and lover, the poet
2265:(3rd ed.). McFarland & Company, Inc.
2186:Nevada Department of Health and Human Services
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1609:. British Film Institute. 2012. Archived from
471:, Murnau served as a company commander on the
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658:Murnau's last German film was the big budget
2779:Burials at Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
2287:"Nosferatu director's skull believed stolen"
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256:recruited him to his acting school. During
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2123:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1959:
1953:
1662:(in German). www.deutsche-biographie.de.
1575:"F. W. Murnau Killed in Coast Auto Crash"
459:(the Blue Rider artist based in Murnau),
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2157:Cabinet - A Quarterly of Art and Culture
1984:
1978:
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796:Murnau's next two films, the (now lost)
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447:and later art history and literature in
404:. By the age of seven, he was living in
2789:Film people from North Rhine-Westphalia
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1552:from the original on September 17, 2017
1059:Category:Films directed by F. W. Murnau
815:Together with documentary film pioneer
759:system (music and sound effects only),
2849:People from the Province of Westphalia
2819:German prisoners of war in World War I
2746:
2349:"The truth about film-maker FW Murnau"
2347:Atkinson, Michael (January 26, 2001).
2260:
2154:
2011:"Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927)"
1878:from the original on December 28, 2017
1787:
1733:from the original on November 13, 2020
1666:from the original on December 10, 2018
1569:
1567:
2799:German emigrants to the United States
2512:
2394:Bernstein, Richard (March 25, 1998).
2315:
2297:from the original on November 2, 2018
2242:from the original on January 28, 2018
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2069:from the original on October 17, 2018
1941:from the original on November 1, 2013
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1042:acquisitions and blood acquisitions.
495:for the remainder of the war. In his
400:Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe was born in
373:(1931) with documentary film pioneer
2794:German Army personnel of World War I
2406:from the original on August 19, 2016
2361:from the original on August 27, 2017
2116:
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1252:Marizza, called the Smuggler Madonna
983:a fictionalization of the making of
613:, (The Last Man), 1924), written by
571:(1897), starring German stage actor
548:(1920) starring Veidt and featuring
528:(1919), was a drama inspired by the
2733:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation
2279:
2238:. Associated Press. July 15, 2015.
1691:. internettrash.com. Archived from
1564:
1112:Lost film, minor fragments survive
1095:Lost film, minor fragments survive
13:
2854:Road incident deaths in California
2023:from the original on April 5, 2012
1625:
1587:from the original on July 23, 2018
1088:The Boy in Blue / Emerald of Death
1019:while doing research for the film
902:Murnau's memorial plaque in Berlin
14:
2870:
2844:Military personnel from Bielefeld
2464:
2328:from the original on May 27, 2017
2316:Smith, Nigel M. (July 14, 2015).
2059:"Tabu: A Story of the South Seas"
1962:A critical history of German film
1756:(5 ed.). McFarland. p.
924:Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
893:Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
767:ceremony in 1929. In winning the
522:. His first feature-length film,
314:. Murnau later directed the film
275:and later with the German Army's
92:Stahnsdorf South-Western Cemetery
2839:Mass media people from Bielefeld
2774:20th-century German male artists
2769:20th-century German LGBTQ people
2538:
2057:fionapleasance (June 21, 2013).
2042:DiMare, Phillip C., ed. (2011).
1929:"THE BOOTLEG FILES: "NOSFERATU""
1926:
1874:(in German). www.filmportal.de.
1516:
1504:
1247:, genannt die Schmuggler-Madonna
840:
617:(a very prominent figure of the
390:, genannt die Schmuggler-Madonna
224:
16:German film director (1888–1931)
2715:Tabu: A Story of the South Seas
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1820:A Week to Remember: F.W. Murnau
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1481:Tabu: A Story of the South Seas
1292:Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror
1259:Mostly lost, one reel survives
1189:Desire: The Tragedy of a Dancer
1797:University of California Press
1745:
1699:
1652:
1599:
1364:The Finances of the Grand Duke
1052:
917:Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital
783:Academy Award for Best Actress
514:Murnau shooting a film in 1920
395:
1:
2691:Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans
1989:. Columbia University Press.
1528:
1432:Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans
1119:Der Bucklige und die Tänzerin
749:Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans
2829:German horror film directors
2571:The Hunchback and the Dancer
1358:Die Finanzen des GroĂźherzogs
1287:, eine Symphonie des Grauens
1125:The Hunchback and the Dancer
938:, who delivered the eulogy.
721:
635:", a mix of tracking shots,
555:Murnau's best known film is
477:Imperial German Flying Corps
7:
2809:German LGBTQ film directors
1960:Brockmann, Stephen (2015).
1904:. p. 1. Archived from
1861:. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
1844:. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
1829:. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
1497:
10:
2875:
2834:Luftstreitkräfte personnel
2170:Ankerich, Michael (1993).
1823:Los Angeles Public Library
1689:"Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau"
1056:
771:it shared what is now the
633:unchained camera technique
385:. One reel of his feature
2859:Victims of body snatching
2824:German World War I pilots
2725:
2659:The Grand Duke's Finances
2587:Evening – Night – Morning
2546:
1707:Hergemöller, Bernd-Ulrich
1169:Evening – Night – Morning
953:
651:are categorized by their
592:over the years, has made
583:) after the estate won a
561:(1922), an adaptation of
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80:Santa Barbara, California
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42:
30:
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2814:German military officers
2046:. ABC-CLIO. p. 755.
1898:"F. W. Murnau Biography"
878:
252:and art before director
239:Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
235:Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
106:University of Heidelberg
47:Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
2471:F. W. Murnau Foundation
2217:Hollywood Daily Citizen
1985:Isenberg, Noah (2009).
1145:Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
1002:In the fifth season of
999:) to play Count Orlok.
987:Murnau is portrayed by
968:Batting Against Castro.
623:movement) and starring
539:Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
2595:Journey into the Night
2261:Wilson, Scott (2016).
2088:Spoto, Donald (1983).
1209:Journey into the Night
1163:Abend – Nacht – Morgen
1037:Vampires vs. the Bronx
910:, Murnau drove up the
903:
895:
868:
739:
596:an early example of a
585:copyright infringement
534:Robert Louis Stevenson
515:
491:, he was arrested and
338:and made three films:
273:communications officer
183:
2804:German film directors
2094:William Collins, Sons
2016:Turner Classic Movies
1752:Room, Adrian (2012).
1203:Der Gang in die Nacht
1005:American Horror Story
979:Shadow of the Vampire
962:based his 1998 novel
912:Pacific Coast Highway
901:
886:
866:
850:Hans Ehrenbaum-Degele
819:, Murnau traveled to
775:award with the movie
729:
603:Murnau also directed
513:
479:and flew missions in
475:. He then joined the
465:Hans Ehrenbaum-Degele
443:at the University in
320:(1924), as well as a
2117:Kaes, Anton (2009).
1548:. www.allmovie.com.
1017:Carpathian Mountains
363:Murnau travelled to
310:cinema and an early
308:German Expressionist
262:Imperial German Army
178:Imperial German Army
144:German Expressionism
102:University of Berlin
2190:Carson City, Nevada
1341:Comedy of the Heart
1266:Der brennende Acker
858:Else Lasker-SchĂĽler
530:Thomas Gainsborough
461:Else Lasker-SchĂĽler
322:1926 interpretation
296:, an adaptation of
260:, he served in the
37:Murnau c. 1920–1930
2611:The Haunted Castle
2426:"F.W.M.–Symphonie"
2400:The New York Times
1695:on March 24, 2005.
1660:"Plumpe, Heinrich"
1613:on October 5, 2016
1583:. March 12, 1931.
1580:The New York Times
1228:The Haunted Castle
972:In 2000, director
904:
896:
887:Grave and bust by
869:
817:Robert J. Flaherty
740:
516:
375:Robert J. Flaherty
264:, initially as an
2741:
2740:
2383:. March 12, 2022.
2293:. July 15, 2015.
2272:978-0-7864-7992-4
2219:; March 20, 1931.
2130:978-0-691-03136-1
2092:. Great Britain:
1996:978-0-231-13054-7
1971:978-1-57113-468-4
1908:on March 15, 2018
1806:978-0-520-02285-0
1767:978-0-7864-5763-2
1726:978-3-643-10693-3
1648:on July 21, 2015.
1495:
1494:
1425:Last German film
1149:The Head of Janus
1082:Der Knabe in Blau
1025:Rudolph Valentino
823:to make the film
712:Werner R. Heymann
451:, where director
426:town of that name
367:to make the film
269:company commander
232:
231:
132:Years active
57:December 28, 1888
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2627:The Burning Soil
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1964:. Camden House.
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1842:Encyclopedia.com
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1827:Internet Archive
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1789:Eisner, Lotte H.
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1644:. Archived from
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1523:LGBTQ portal
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611:Der letzte Mann
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2754:F. W. Murnau
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2540:F. W. Murnau
2539:
2494:F. W. Murnau
2485:F. W. Murnau
2476:F. W. Murnau
2448:Bibliography
2433:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2399:
2389:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2354:The Guardian
2352:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2322:The Guardian
2321:
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2262:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:Mercury News
2233:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2195:Ancestry.com
2193:
2180:
2171:
2165:
2156:
2119:
2112:
2089:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2062:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1986:
1980:
1961:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1932:
1927:Hall, Phil.
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1892:
1882:December 28,
1880:. Retrieved
1866:
1858:The Guardian
1856:
1849:
1839:MURNAU, F.W.
1834:
1815:
1792:
1753:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:
1693:the original
1670:December 28,
1668:. Retrieved
1654:
1646:the original
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1578:
1556:December 28,
1554:. Retrieved
1479:
1463:
1446:
1430:
1413:
1401:
1396:Herr TartĂĽff
1394:
1382:
1375:
1363:
1356:
1351:Writer only
1339:
1326:
1319:
1303:
1291:
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1161:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1124:
1117:
1100:
1087:
1080:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1034:In the film
1033:
1020:
1010:
1003:
1001:
997:Willem Dafoe
984:
977:
971:
967:
963:
957:
948:
921:
907:
905:
870:
847:
844:
835:Floyd Crosby
824:
814:
803:
797:
795:
787:Janet Gaynor
781:. The first
776:
773:Best Picture
760:
747:
741:
730:Murnau with
707:
704:Hans Erdmann
699:
698:
682:Camilla Horn
664:(1926) with
659:
657:
653:chamber play
648:
644:
640:
618:
610:
604:
602:
593:
566:
556:
554:
543:
537:
523:
520:Conrad Veidt
517:
485:combat pilot
438:
430:Lake Staffel
410:Schopenhauer
399:
386:
378:
368:
362:
357:
351:
345:
339:
329:
315:
301:
291:
289:
277:Flying Corps
247:
238:
234:
233:
198:Battles/wars
124:screenwriter
88:Burial place
74:(1931-03-11)
25:F. W. Murnau
18:
2764:1931 deaths
2759:1888 births
2365:January 27,
2246:January 28,
2073:October 17,
2063:Mostly Film
1934:Film Threat
1591:January 22,
1053:Filmography
960:Jim Shepard
940:Greta Garbo
802:(1928) and
716:film scores
666:Gösta Ekman
577:Count Orlok
573:Max Schreck
563:Bram Stoker
550:Bela Lugosi
489:Switzerland
469:World War I
432:, south of
418:Shakespeare
396:Early years
350:(1928) and
298:Bram Stoker
258:World War I
202:World War I
112:Occupations
2748:Categories
1717:LIT Verlag
1617:October 3,
1529:References
1458:Lost film
1334:Lost film
1196:Lost film
1176:Lost film
1156:Lost film
1132:Lost film
1057:See also:
1021:Nosferatu.
1009:subtitled
985:Nosferatu.
944:death mask
936:Fritz Lang
854:Franz Marc
831:Polynesian
810:sound film
744:Fox Studio
710:(music by
702:(music by
615:Carl Mayer
457:Franz Marc
449:Heidelberg
336:Fox Studio
243:silent era
159:Allegiance
53:1888-12-28
2707:City Girl
2635:Nosferatu
2435:March 24,
2430:fwms.film
2159:(63): 41.
2139:282966375
2027:April 20,
1945:April 29,
1465:City Girl
1285:Nosferatu
1183:Sehnsucht
976:released
964:Nosferatu
821:Bora Bora
805:City Girl
754:Movietone
746:and made
722:Hollywood
700:Nosferatu
609:(German:
598:cult film
594:Nosferatu
558:Nosferatu
467:. During
441:philology
414:Nietzsche
402:Bielefeld
365:Bora Bora
353:City Girl
312:cult film
293:Nosferatu
250:philology
219:Signature
135:1919–1931
63:, Germany
61:Bielefeld
2699:4 Devils
2675:Tartuffe
2489:AllMovie
2410:July 10,
2404:Archived
2359:Archived
2332:July 15,
2326:Archived
2301:July 15,
2295:Archived
2291:BBC News
2240:Archived
2067:Archived
2021:Archived
1939:Archived
1912:June 19,
1876:Archived
1791:(1973).
1731:Archived
1709:(2010).
1664:Archived
1585:Archived
1550:Archived
1498:See also
1448:4 Devils
1402:Tartuffe
799:4 Devils
785:went to
678:Mephisto
493:interned
356:(1930).
347:4 Devils
344:(1927),
281:observer
266:infantry
169:Service/
140:Movement
121:producer
2643:Phantom
2619:Marizza
1305:Phantom
1245:Marizza
1102:Satanas
993:vampire
926:, near
761:Sunrise
738:in 1930
668:as the
568:Dracula
388:Marizza
358:Sunrise
341:Sunrise
303:Dracula
2718:(1931)
2710:(1930)
2702:(1928)
2694:(1927)
2686:(1926)
2678:(1926)
2670:(1924)
2662:(1924)
2654:(1923)
2646:(1922)
2638:(1922)
2630:(1922)
2622:(1922)
2614:(1921)
2606:(1921)
2603:Desire
2598:(1921)
2590:(1920)
2582:(1920)
2574:(1920)
2566:(1920)
2558:(1919)
2457:
2269:
2137:
2127:
2100:
1993:
1968:
1803:
1793:Murnau
1764:
1723:
1075:Notes
954:Legacy
942:had a
934:, and
928:Berlin
791:Oregon
736:Tahiti
706:) and
690:Goethe
506:Career
445:Berlin
434:Munich
406:Kassel
326:Goethe
285:gunner
279:as an
237:(born
171:branch
82:, U.S.
2683:Faust
2563:Satan
1488:1931
1472:1930
1455:1928
1439:1927
1422:1926
1415:Faust
1406:1926
1387:1924
1368:1924
1348:1924
1331:1923
1312:1922
1296:1922
1276:1922
1256:1922
1236:1921
1213:1921
1193:1921
1173:1920
1153:1920
1129:1920
1109:1920
1092:1919
1072:Year
1012:Hotel
879:Death
778:Wings
708:Faust
686:Faust
661:Faust
542:, in
483:as a
428:near
422:Ibsen
331:Faust
2480:IMDb
2455:ISBN
2437:2023
2412:2016
2367:2018
2334:2015
2303:2015
2267:ISBN
2248:2018
2135:OCLC
2125:ISBN
2098:ISBN
2075:2018
2029:2016
1991:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1947:2013
1914:2012
1884:2017
1825:via
1801:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1739:2020
1721:ISBN
1672:2017
1619:2016
1593:2009
1558:2017
1027:and
908:Tabu
856:and
826:Tabu
680:and
637:pans
500:camp
463:and
420:and
383:lost
379:Tabu
370:Tabu
271:and
69:Died
43:Born
2496:at
2487:at
2478:at
1758:340
1642:TCM
891:in
734:in
692:'s
676:as
565:'s
536:'s
497:POW
328:'s
324:of
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2065:.
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2019:.
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1937:.
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1230:/
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283:/
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