5436:
3216:
3555:
3602:
3690:
3313:
3736:
3571:. If the information provided by the client is accepted by the server, the server will send a greeting to the client and the session will commence. If the server supports it, users may log in without providing login credentials, but the same server may authorize only limited access for such sessions.
4081:
protocol (SSH) to transfer files. Unlike FTP, it encrypts both commands and data, preventing passwords and sensitive information from being transmitted openly over the network. It cannot interoperate with FTP software, though some FTP client software offers support for the SSH file transfer protocol
3668:
FTP has a stateful control connection which maintains a current working directory and other flags, and each transfer requires a secondary connection through which the data are transferred. In "passive" mode this secondary connection is from client to server, whereas in the default "active" mode this
3300:
and firewalls, which do not allow connections from the
Internet towards internal hosts. For NATs, an additional complication is that the representation of the IP addresses and port number in the PORT command refer to the internal host's IP address and port, rather than the public IP address and port
3304:
There are two approaches to solve this problem. One is that the FTP client and FTP server use the PASV command, which causes the data connection to be established from the FTP client to the server. This is widely used by modern FTP clients. Another approach is for the NAT to alter the values of the
3247:
may be used. In this mode, the client uses the control connection to send a PASV command to the server and then receives a server IP address and server port number from the server, which the client then uses to open a data connection from an arbitrary client port to the server IP address and server
3676:
Setting up an FTP control connection is quite slow due to the round-trip delays of sending all of the required commands and awaiting responses, so it is customary to bring up a control connection and hold it open for multiple file transfers rather than drop and re-establish the session afresh each
3680:
When FTP is transferring over the data connection, the control connection is idle. If the transfer takes too long, the firewall or NAT may decide that the control connection is dead and stop tracking it, effectively breaking the connection and confusing the download. The single HTTP connection is
3267:
in ASCII with an optional text message. For example, "200" (or "200 OK") means that the last command was successful. The numbers represent the code for the response and the optional text represents a human-readable explanation or request (e.g. <Need account for storing file>). An ongoing
3487:
Block mode (MODE B): Designed primarily for transferring record-oriented files (STRU R), although can also be used to transfer stream-oriented (STRU F) text files. FTP puts each record (or line) of data into several blocks (block header, byte count, and data field) and then passes it on to
4003:
connections (unusual for a TCP/IP protocol that is still in use), it is particularly difficult to tunnel over SSH. With many SSH clients, attempting to set up a tunnel for the control channel (the initial client-to-server connection on port 21) will protect only that channel; when data is
3677:
time. In contrast, HTTP originally dropped the connection after each transfer because doing so was so cheap. While HTTP has subsequently gained the ability to reuse the TCP connection for multiple transfers, the conceptual model is still of independent requests rather than a session.
4054:
Explicit FTPS is an extension to the FTP standard that allows clients to request FTP sessions to be encrypted. This is done by sending the "AUTH TLS" command. The server has the option of allowing or denying connections that do not request TLS. This protocol extension is defined in
3235:
In active mode, the client starts listening for incoming data connections from the server on port M. It sends the FTP command PORT M to inform the server on which port it is listening. The server then initiates a data channel to the client from its port 20, the FTP server data
4100:, because TFTP is very simple to implement. TFTP lacks security and most of the advanced features offered by more robust file transfer protocols such as File Transfer Protocol. TFTP was first standardized in 1981 and the current specification for the protocol can be found in
3287:
application or protocol. The standardization of TCP and UDP reduced the need for the use of two simplex ports for each application down to one duplex port, but the FTP protocol was never altered to only use one port, and continued using two for backwards compatibility.
3566:
FTP login uses normal username and password scheme for granting access. The username is sent to the server using the USER command, and the password is sent using the PASS command. This sequence is unencrypted "on the wire", so may be vulnerable to a network
3039:
sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it. For secure transmission that protects the username and password, and encrypts the content, FTP is often
3444:
or RECORD structure (record-oriented). Files are viewed as divided into records, which may be fixed or variable length. This file organization is common on mainframe and midrange systems, such as MVS, VM/CMS, OS/400 and VMS, which support
3437:
or FILE structure (stream-oriented). Files are viewed as an arbitrary sequence of bytes, characters or words. This is the usual file structure on Unix systems and other systems such as CP/M, MS-DOS and
Microsoft Windows. (Section
3394:
Note these data types are commonly called "modes", although ambiguously that word is also used to refer to active-vs-passive communication mode (see above), and the modes set by the FTP protocol MODE command (see below).
3455:
or PAGE structure (page-oriented). Files are divided into pages, which may either contain data or metadata; each page may also have a header giving various attributes. This file structure was specifically designed for
3583:
FTP access. Users typically log into the service with an 'anonymous' (lower-case and case-sensitive in some FTP servers) account when prompted for user name. Although users are commonly asked to send their
3839:
as an FTP resource. The URL ftp://user001:secretpassword@private.ftp-servers.example.com/mydirectory/myfile.txt adds a specification of the username and password that must be used to access this resource.
3669:
connection is from server to client. This apparent role reversal when in active mode, and random port numbers for all transfers, is why firewalls and NAT gateways have such a hard time with FTP. HTTP is
4148:
that is a multiple of 8 bits, the implementation of binary and continuous is the same. The protocol also supports login with user ID and password, hierarchical folders and file management (including
3376:. For example, "TYPE L 9" would be used to transfer data in 9-bit bytes, or "TYPE L 36" to transfer 36-bit words. Most contemporary FTP clients/servers only support L 8, which is equivalent to I.
3673:
and multiplexes control and data over a single connection from client to server on well-known port numbers, which trivially passes through NAT gateways and is simple for firewalls to manage.
4213:
by the IETF. The reply code is a three-digit value. The first digit is used to indicate one of three possible outcomes — success, failure, or to indicate an error or incomplete reply:
4096:
Trivial File
Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple, lock-step FTP that allows a client to get a file from or put a file onto a remote host. One of its primary uses is in the early stages of
4015:
Otherwise, it is necessary for the SSH client software to have specific knowledge of the FTP protocol, to monitor and rewrite FTP control channel messages and autonomously open new
3588:
address instead of a password, no verification is actually performed on the supplied data. Many FTP hosts whose purpose is to provide software updates will allow anonymous logins.
3499:
Most contemporary FTP clients and servers do not implement MODE B or MODE C; FTP clients and servers for mainframe and minicomputer operating systems are the exception to that.
3035:. FTP is built on a client–server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may authenticate themselves with a
5256:
3933:
FTP does not encrypt its traffic; all transmissions are in clear text, and usernames, passwords, commands and data can be read by anyone able to perform packet capture (
4077:
The SSH file transfer protocol (chronologically the second of the two protocols abbreviated SFTP) transfers files and has a similar command set for users, but uses the
1969:
3122:, two major web browser vendors, due to it being superseded by the more secure SFTP and FTPS; although neither of them have implemented the newer protocols.
4436:
5133:
5439:
4124:, was proposed as an (unsecured) file transfer protocol with a level of complexity intermediate between TFTP and FTP. It was never widely accepted on the
4063:. Implicit FTPS is an outdated standard for FTP that required the use of a SSL or TLS connection. It was specified to use different ports than plain FTP.
3713:. This client is only recommended for small file transfers from a server, due to limitations compared to dedicated client software. It does not support
3296:
FTP normally transfers data by having the server connect back to the client, after the PORT command is sent by the client. This is problematic for both
3231:
mode, which determines how the data connection is established. (This sense of "mode" is different from that of the MODE command in the FTP protocol.)
473:
5646:
5089:
5736:
1224:
4950:
3464:
Most contemporary FTP clients and servers only support STRU F. STRU R is still in use in mainframe and minicomputer file transfer applications.
233:
5457:
3854:
Some variation has existed in how different browsers treat path resolution in cases where there is a non-root home directory for a user.
3775:
is supplied, the accessible contents on the remote server are presented in a manner that is similar to that used for other web content.
3476:
Stream mode (MODE S): Data is sent as a continuous stream, relieving FTP from doing any processing. Rather, all processing is left up to
5676:
5580:
4625:(Proposed Standard) Extensions for IPv6, NAT, and Extended Passive Mode. Allman, M. & Metz, C. & Ostermann, S. (September 1998).
4265:
1549:
3460:
systems, and is generally not supported on other platforms. RFC1123 section 4.1.2.3 recommends that this structure not be implemented.
611:
4513:
5751:
3665:
essentially fixes the bugs in FTP that made it inconvenient to use for many small ephemeral transfers as are typical in web pages.
3398:
For text files (TYPE A and TYPE E), three different format control options are provided, to control how the file would be printed:
1641:
3866:
can receive files hosted on FTP servers, while some of them also give the interface to retrieve the files hosted on FTP servers.
3623:
1896:
1839:
5264:
5761:
4250:
The third digit of the reply code is used to provide additional detail for each of the categories defined by the second digit.
4865:
5702:
5502:
4270:
3559:
3430:
File organization is specified using the STRU command. The following file structures are defined in section 3.1.1 of RFC959:
466:
193:
5726:
5111:
4788:
3268:
transfer of file data over the data connection can be aborted using an interrupt message sent over the control connection.
1878:
323:
318:
288:
3408:(TYPE A T and TYPE E T) – the file contains Telnet (or in other words, ASCII C0) carriage control characters (CR, LF, etc)
5421:
3999:
FTP over SSH is the practice of tunneling a normal FTP session over a Secure Shell connection. Because FTP uses multiple
2009:
1951:
1600:
1413:
1112:
1055:
699:
148:
3767:
were able to retrieve files hosted on FTP servers, although not all of them had support for protocol extensions such as
3272:
3143:
1932:
395:
338:
263:
4644:
4260:
3649:
405:
375:
3631:
3402:
Non-print (TYPE A N and TYPE E N) – the file does not contain any carriage control characters intended for a printer
3271:
FTP needs two ports (one for sending and one for receiving) because it was originally designed to operate on top of
5741:
4991:
3950:
3506:-based compressed mode, sometimes called "Mode Z" after the command that enables it. This mode was described in an
3280:
459:
390:
183:
5721:
4712:
4313:
4198:
4192:
4129:
3411:
3264:
1074:
5595:
4091:
3681:
only idle between requests and it is normal and expected for such connections to be dropped after a time-out.
3627:
1451:
208:
198:
3091:, servers, mobile devices, and hardware, and FTP has been incorporated into productivity applications such as
5731:
4000:
3477:
1375:
1263:
961:
328:
308:
258:
4487:
3889:
FTP was not designed to be a secure protocol, and has many security weaknesses. In May 1999, the authors of
5535:
3336:
before transmission, and (again, if necessary) to the receiving host's character representation, including
3332:(TYPE A): Used for text. Data is converted, if needed, from the sending host's character representation to
3283:, establishing two connections, for two-way communications. An odd and an even port were reserved for each
2744:
1356:
1319:
756:
248:
243:
238:
17:
4806:
4770:
3851:). By default, most web browsers use passive (PASV) mode, which more easily traverses end-user firewalls.
5746:
4825:
4024:
4004:
transferred, the FTP software at either end sets up new TCP connections (data channels) and thus have no
3662:
3297:
3107:
835:
425:
385:
253:
4706:
4072:
4032:
3972:
3752:
3744:
3714:
3446:
3053:
103:
4681:
4394:
3843:
More details on specifying a username and password may be found in the browsers' documentation (e.g.,
5495:
3827:
For example, the URL ftp://public.ftp-servers.example.com/mydirectory/myfile.txt represents the file
3792:
is a discontinued browser extension that was designed as a full-featured FTP client to be run within
3481:
3306:
2805:
1914:
1578:
1206:
5671:
5064:
1794:
1037:
4240:
x3z – Authentication and accounting. Replies for the login process and accounting procedures.
3954:
3927:
3612:
3457:
3068:
3045:
1812:
278:
218:
5042:
4877:
3937:) on the network. This problem is common to many of the Internet Protocol specifications (such as
3987:
3870:
allows not only download a file from FTP server but also view the list of files on a FTP server.
3616:
3147:
2866:
1623:
1228:
1168:
1150:
942:
445:
435:
228:
143:
127:
5358:– (Proposed Standard) Feature negotiation mechanism for the File Transfer Protocol. August 1998.
5756:
5620:
5465:
5171:
4902:
4666:
4286:
3725:
3060:
3024:
1301:
313:
45:
5691:
3881:
declared its FTP support deprecated from 7.4 release, this was later removed in 24.2 release.
5766:
5615:
4318:
4292:
3276:
2396:
1987:
737:
440:
213:
5480:
3355:
as it receives it. (Image mode support has been recommended for all implementations of FTP).
3340:. As a consequence, this mode is inappropriate for files that contain data other than ASCII.
5488:
5016:
4308:
4181:
4009:
3976:
3946:
3240:
2782:
2226:
1582:
223:
113:
31:
5368:– (Proposed Standard) Extensions for IPv6, NAT, and Extended passive mode. September 1998.
4856:(Informational) How to Use Anonymous FTP. P. & Emtage, A. & Marine, A. (May 1994).
8:
5590:
5511:
5418:– (Proposed Standard) File Transfer Protocol HOST Command for Virtual Hosts. March 2014.
3786:. Firefox 88 disabled FTP support by default, with Firefox 90 dropping support entirely.
3492:
3390:
which never became an RFC, though it has been implemented by several FTP clients/servers.
3368:): Designed to support file transfer between machines which do not use 8-bit bytes, e.g.
1859:
798:
5215:
5193:
4328:
4202:
3901:
3801:
3670:
3084:
2703:
980:
430:
158:
4609:(Standard) File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Postel, J. & Reynolds, J. (October 1985).
4246:
x5z – File system. These replies relay status codes from the server file system.
3422:; most contemporary FTP clients/servers only support the default format control of N.
5681:
5666:
5656:
5560:
5127:
4640:
4016:
3906:
3848:
3796:, but when Firefox dropped support for FTP the extension developer recommended using
3710:
3284:
3003:
2936:
2914:
2846:, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service
1338:
358:
134:
96:
5388:– (Proposed Standard) Internationalization of the File Transfer Protocol. July 1999.
4461:
4136:. It has a command set of 11 commands and support three types of data transmission:
5525:
5452:
5411:
5401:
5391:
5381:
5371:
5361:
5351:
5341:
5331:
5321:
5311:
5301:
5291:
5281:
4928:
4849:
4618:
4602:
4206:
4117:
4116:
Simple File
Transfer Protocol (the first protocol abbreviated SFTP), as defined by
4101:
4056:
3890:
3863:
3813:
3369:
3256:. Further changes were introduced to the passive mode at that time, updating it to
3191:
3183:
3175:
3167:
3159:
3151:
3135:
3088:
3064:
3032:
2888:
2094:
1432:
5242:
5661:
5651:
5575:
5545:
5540:
5530:
5257:"Components of the Information Assurance Platform (section Tectia ConnectSecure)"
4951:"Samsung My Files vs Google Files: Which File Manager is Better on Galaxy Phones"
4097:
4005:
3934:
3919:
3568:
2282:
1738:
299:
5415:
5405:
5395:
5385:
5375:
5365:
5355:
5345:
5335:
5325:
5315:
5305:
5298:– (Standard) File Transfer Protocol (FTP). J. Postel, J. Reynolds. October 1985.
5172:"DownloadStudio - Internet Download Manager And Download Accelerator - Features"
4853:
4622:
4105:
4060:
3916:
Port stealing (guessing the next open port and usurping a legitimate connection)
3894:
3817:
3195:
3187:
3179:
5605:
5600:
5555:
5295:
5285:
4639:. Vol. 1. Reading, Massachusetts, USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
4606:
4237:
x2z – Connections. Replies referring to the control and data connections.
4210:
4121:
3911:
3867:
3783:
3748:
3529:
3507:
3387:
3333:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3139:
2824:
2528:
2377:
1775:
1394:
349:
5625:
5565:
4363:(1st ed.). New Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
3778:
Google Chrome removed FTP support entirely in Chrome 88, also affecting other
1560:
Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern
Internet:
5715:
5435:
3706:
3131:
3115:
3096:
3028:
2999:
2958:
2910:
2721:
2208:
1531:
1282:
573:
65:
55:
4437:"Firefox follows in Chrome's footsteps and drops FTP support (APK Download)"
3953:) that were designed prior to the creation of encryption mechanisms such as
3735:
3532:
remotely, enabling the preservation of that attribute when uploading files.
3166:(October 1985), the current specification. Several proposed standards amend
4078:
3983:
3419:
3414:(TYPE A A and TYPE E A) – the file contains ASA carriage control characters
3361:(TYPE E): Used for plain text between hosts using the EBCDIC character set.
2646:
2532:
2491:
2245:
645:
268:
1952:
ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names
4333:
4275:
4141:
4019:
for FTP data channels. Software packages that support this mode include:
3878:
3764:
3554:
3344:
3215:
3130:
The original specification for the File
Transfer Protocol was written by
3103:
3092:
2862:
2843:
2170:
1816:
1715:
1512:
1131:
554:
4753:
4735:
4578:
3352:
3325:
While transferring data over the network, five data types are defined:
2132:
416:
5138:
Written for IE versions 6 and earlier. Might work with newer versions.
4563:
3971:
Using a different, more secure protocol that can handle the job, e.g.
3539:
command. Some servers (and clients) support nonstandard syntax of the
3516:
defines additional modes, MODE E and MODE X, as extensions of MODE B.
3480:. No End-of-file indicator is needed, unless the data is divided into
2785:, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species
5408:– (Proposed Standard) FTP Command and Extension Registry. March 2010.
4145:
3729:
3693:
3580:
3491:
Compressed mode (MODE C): Extends MODE B with data compression using
3036:
2906:
2684:
2415:
2151:
1734:
1018:
91:
3696:
client running on
Windows, one of the best known FTP client software
3601:
4514:"Chrome and Firefox Killed FTP Support: Here's an Easy Alternative"
4125:
3797:
3779:
2976:
2954:
2932:
2725:
2551:
2434:
2301:
2040:
dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser
1470:
876:
718:
5149:
4992:"Linux Release Roundup: GParted, Lightworks, Google Chrome + More"
3739:
Primitive FTPd on
Android, actively running an FTP and SFTP server
4789:"FTP Commands: DSIZ, MFCT, MFMT, AVBL, PASS, XPWD, XMKD | Serv-U"
4132:. It runs through port 115, and often receives the initialism of
3844:
3793:
3789:
3513:
3503:
3379:
3337:
3119:
3072:
2884:
2801:
2763:
2665:
2608:
2570:
2453:
2339:
816:
775:
592:
5398:– (Proposed Standard) Extensions to FTP. P. Hethmon. March 2007.
4549:(1st ed.). West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
3705:
Many file managers tend to have FTP access implemented, such as
2012:
oversight passes to the global
Internet community on October 1st
5610:
5585:
3942:
3405:
3373:
3358:
2995:
2627:
2589:
2320:
2263:
1493:
1187:
999:
895:
854:
664:
379:
273:
172:
152:
3182:(February 1994) enables Firewall-Friendly FTP (passive mode),
5686:
5570:
5510:
5328:– FTP Operation Over Big Address Records (FOOBAR). June 1994.
4303:
4234:
x1z – Information. Replies to requests for information.
4137:
3585:
3383:
3329:
3080:
2509:
2472:
2358:
2189:
2075:
2005:
1820:
1697:
1619:
1093:
923:
535:
400:
178:
27:
Standard protocol for transferring files over TCP/IP networks
5424:– The official registry of FTP Commands and Extensions
5348:– (Proposed Standard) FTP Security Extensions. October 1997.
3689:
3312:
5630:
4323:
4298:
4281:
4049:
3965:
3964:
Using the secure versions of the insecure protocols, e.g.,
3938:
3768:
3562:
logging into an FTP server and transferring a file, in 1994
3348:
3253:
3219:
Illustration of starting a passive connection using port 21
3199:
3076:
3049:
2113:
2056:
1756:
1698:
Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
1659:
858:
794:
516:
368:
363:
333:
283:
203:
168:
5445:
1970:
Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation
5090:"Accessing FTP servers | How to | Firefox Help"
4231:
x0z – Syntax. These replies refer to syntax errors.
3772:
3721:
2037:
1840:
UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I
1678:
1489:
188:
5378:– (Informational) FTP Security Considerations. May 1999.
5308:– (Informational) Firewall-Friendly FTP. February 1994.
5050:
4979:(1st ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3543:
command with two arguments, that works the same way as
3150:. The protocol was later replaced by a TCP/IP version,
3087:
and automation utilities have since been developed for
4564:"Active FTP vs. Passive FTP, a Definitive Explanation"
1933:
First internationalized country code top-level domains
5318:– (Informational) How to Use Anonymous FTP. May 1994.
5147:
5112:"How to Enter FTP Site Password in Internet Explorer"
4929:"How To Connect to FTP/SFTP in Dolphin | DeviceTests"
3528:(MFMT) command, which allows a client to adjust that
3263:
The server responds over the control connection with
3252:
Both modes were updated in September 1998 to support
1988:
NetMundial international Internet governance proposal
629:
NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets
683:
Merit Network's packet-switched network operational
5448:Authentication, encryption, mode and connectivity.
4736:"GridFTP: Protocol Extensions to FTP for the Grid"
4667:"The File Transfer Protocol and Your Firewall/NAT"
3897:listed a vulnerability to the following problems:
3210:
5338:– Uniform Resource Locators (URL). December 1994.
5017:"See what's new in Firefox: 88.0 Firefox Release"
4977:Computer Networking: Internet Protocols in Action
4579:"FTP Port: Full Guide about FTP and Port Numbers"
4085:
3472:Data transfer can be done in any of three modes:
5713:
5132:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4111:
3579:A host that provides an FTP service may provide
3102:An FTP client used to be commonly integrated in
4826:"Should Organizations Retire FTP for Security?"
3524:More recent implementations of FTP support the
3243:and unable to accept incoming TCP connections,
1642:very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)
906:Merging the networks and creating the Internet:
1915:First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum
1879:UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)
5496:
5440:Communication Networks/File Transfer Protocol
4683:FTP TYPE Extension for Internationalized Text
4628:
4462:"Remove FTP support - Chrome Platform Status"
4128:, and is now assigned Historic status by the
4066:
3968:instead of FTP and TelnetS instead of Telnet.
3535:To retrieve a remote file timestamp, there's
3291:
467:
5043:"FireFTP - The Free FTP Client for Waterfox"
4751:
4278:– FTP/S loading/testing open-source software
4227:The second digit defines the kind of error:
4223:1yz or 3yz – Error or Incomplete reply
1681:changes pricing model from hourly to monthly
5148:Jukka “Yucca” Korpela (18 September 1997).
5114:. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015
4454:
3630:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3347:mode): The sending machine sends each file
3239:In situations where the client is behind a
2008:contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends,
1207:Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)
5503:
5489:
4266:Comparison of FTP server software packages
3960:Common solutions to this problem include:
3190:(June 1997) proposes security extensions,
3106:, where file servers are browsed with the
1577:New Internet architecture with commercial
474:
460:
30:"FTP" redirects here. For other uses, see
5512:Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes
5422:IANA FTP Commands and Extensions registry
5237:
5235:
5233:
4878:"CSC373/406: SSH [2011/03/27-29]"
4031:FTP over SSH should not be confused with
4023:Tectia ConnectSecure (Win/Linux/Unix) of
3650:Learn how and when to remove this message
3142:on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran on
3125:
612:Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
5458:"Offbeat Internet - Public Access - FTP"
4974:
4968:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4392:
4358:
4205:. These codes have been standardized in
3800:. Some browsers, such as the text-based
3734:
3688:
3591:
3553:
3311:
3214:
3202:and defines a new type of passive mode.
5092:. Support.mozilla.com. 5 September 2012
4989:
4733:
4704:
4664:
4634:
4558:
4556:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4511:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
3114:". In 2021, FTP support was dropped by
3059:The first FTP client applications were
1550:North American Network Operators' Group
14:
5737:Computer-related introductions in 1971
5714:
5451:Anonymous FTP Servers by Country Code
5230:
5152:. "IT and communication" (jkorpela.fi)
4823:
4596:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4404:
3519:
3467:
3418:These formats were mainly relevant to
3351:by byte, and the recipient stores the
3083:operating systems. Many dedicated FTP
5484:
4948:
4926:
4843:
4715:. I-D draft-preston-ftpext-deflate-03
4653:
4544:
4434:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4271:Comparison of file transfer protocols
4576:
4553:
4531:
4430:
4428:
4416:
4367:
3824:(the bracketed parts are optional).
3628:adding citations to reliable sources
3595:
3502:Some FTP software also implements a
3205:
2687:anonymous news and information leaks
2246:Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)
1795:New top-level domain names activated
108:21 for control, 20 for data transfer
4866:FTP Access through Windows Explorer
4686:. I-D draft-klensin-ftpext-typeu-00
4679:
4401:
4144:and continuous. For systems with a
3857:
3684:
700:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
24:
5275:
4949:Staff, Moyens (28 February 2022).
4485:
4347:
4186:
3771:. When an FTP—rather than an HTTP—
3720:Both the native file managers for
3425:
3198:(September 1998) adds support for
3071:, and are still shipped with most
1190:founded, allows commercial traffic
797:protocol approved and deployed on
778:commercial packet-switched network
25:
5778:
5428:
4990:Sneddon, Joey (26 January 2021).
4824:Prince, Brian (24 January 2012).
4754:"GridFTP v2 Protocol Description"
4708:Deflate transmission mode for FTP
4547:Data Networks IP and the Internet
4488:"Firefox is dropping FTP support"
4425:
4261:Comparison of FTP client software
4098:booting from a local area network
3560:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
1038:First .COM domain name registered
5434:
5288:– CWD Command of FTP. July 1975.
5218:. The Document Foundation's Wiki
5196:. The Document Foundation's Wiki
5194:"LibreOffice 7.4: Release Notes"
4220:4yz or 5yz – Failure reply
3700:
3600:
3574:
3386:(TYPE U): defined in an expired
485:
5752:Network file transfer protocols
5249:
5208:
5186:
5164:
5141:
5104:
5082:
5065:"URL Schemes Supported in Lynx"
5057:
5035:
5009:
4983:
4942:
4920:
4895:
4870:
4859:
4817:
4799:
4781:
4763:
4752:Mandrichenko, I. (4 May 2005).
4745:
4727:
4698:
4673:
4612:
4583:Comprehensive Mac software apps
4570:
4314:List of FTP server return codes
4201:that may be returned by an FTP
4193:List of FTP server return codes
4175:
3994:
3812:FTP URL syntax is described in
3747:, the My Files file manager on
3732:) support FTP as well as SFTP.
3709:(formerly Windows Explorer) on
3343:Image (TYPE I, commonly called
3211:Communication and data transfer
3031:from a server to a client on a
1075:Internet Engineering Task Force
499:Early research and development:
4577:Weis, Olga (18 October 2022).
4512:Edwards, Benj (14 July 2022).
4505:
4479:
4217:2yz – Success reply
4092:Trivial File Transfer Protocol
4086:Trivial File Transfer Protocol
4038:
3982:Using a secure tunnel such as
3837:public.ftp-servers.example.com
3758:
3526:Modify Fact: Modification Time
3316:A model chart of how FTP works
2020:Examples of Internet services:
1452:Classless Inter-Domain Routing
13:
1:
5762:Unix network-related software
4927:Cohen, Brent (26 July 2023).
4486:by, Written (23 March 2020).
4435:Vonau, Manuel (7 July 2021).
4393:Kozierok, Charles M. (2005).
4340:
4112:Simple File Transfer Protocol
3763:For a long time, most common
3320:
3041:
2979:, massive open online courses
1264:Advanced Network and Services
962:Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
519:networking concepts developed
4705:Preston, J. (January 2005).
4635:Stevens, W. Richard (1994).
2745:Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
1532:Full text web search engines
1357:Commercial Internet eXchange
1320:Wide area information server
757:Transmission Control Program
7:
5727:Application layer protocols
4637:TCP/IP Illustrated Volume I
4421:. Delmar. pp. 168–171.
4253:
4025:SSH Communications Security
3884:
3447:record-oriented filesystems
2116:online auction and shopping
1115:upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)
10:
5783:
4734:Allcock, W. (April 2003).
4419:Network+ Guide to Networks
4190:
4179:
4089:
4073:SSH File Transfer Protocol
4070:
4067:SSH File Transfer Protocol
4047:
4033:SSH File Transfer Protocol
3973:SSH File Transfer Protocol
3292:NAT and firewall traversal
3054:SSH File Transfer Protocol
2171:Outlook (formerly Hotmail)
1416:upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)
646:Network Information Center
29:
5700:
5639:
5518:
3807:
3307:application-level gateway
3069:graphical user interfaces
3027:used for the transfer of
2399:peer-to-peer file sharing
2342:peer-to-peer file sharing
2135:classified advertisements
1378:allows commercial traffic
1285:allows commercial traffic
945:protocol suite formalized
836:Internet Activities Board
490:Internet history timeline
112:
102:
90:
72:
61:
51:
44:
5446:FTP Server Online Tester
5243:"Securing FTP using SSH"
4243:x4z – Not defined.
3873:
3782:-based browsers such as
3549:
3510:, but not standardized.
3273:Network Control Protocol
3265:three-digit status codes
2766:cloud-based file hosting
924:Computer Science Network
667:switched-circuit network
5742:History of the Internet
4395:"The TCP/IP Guide v3.0"
4359:Forouzan, B.A. (2000).
4166:download with overwrite
4043:
3988:virtual private network
3751:has a built-in FTP and
3305:PORT command, using an
2867:threshold pledge system
2808:music streaming service
2323:mobile internet service
2266:Internet payment system
2059:Internet movie database
1169:Border Gateway Protocol
1151:Internet protocol suite
759:specification published
128:Internet protocol suite
5722:File Transfer Protocol
5464:. 2012. Archived from
4811:support.solarwinds.com
4775:support.solarwinds.com
4665:Gleason, Mike (2005).
4361:TCP/IP: Protocol Suite
4287:File eXchange Protocol
4197:Below is a summary of
3740:
3697:
3563:
3317:
3220:
3126:History of FTP servers
3025:communication protocol
3017:File Transfer Protocol
2554:social networking site
2456:social networking site
1247:ARPANET decommissioned
1002:split off from ARPANET
78:; 53 years ago
46:Communication protocol
40:File Transfer Protocol
4975:Matthews, J. (2005).
4417:Dean, Tamara (2010).
4319:Managed File Transfer
4293:File Service Protocol
3804:, still support FTP.
3738:
3692:
3592:Differences from HTTP
3557:
3315:
3258:extended passive mode
3248:port number received.
3218:
3146:, the predecessor of
3061:command-line programs
2229:automatic translation
2173:free web-based e-mail
1759:allows broader access
738:PARC Universal Packet
5732:Clear text protocols
4545:Clark, M.P. (2003).
4466:www.chromestatus.com
4309:List of FTP commands
4182:List of FTP commands
4170:download with append
4010:integrity protection
3977:Secure Copy Protocol
3924:Username enumeration
3624:improve this section
2783:Encyclopedia of Life
2728:and virtual bookshop
2512:Anonymous imageboard
2475:Internet voice calls
2380:Anonymous imageboard
1302:Archie search engine
1058:with 56 kbit/s links
799:public data networks
721:network demonstrated
32:FTP (disambiguation)
5216:"ReleaseNotes/24.2"
3831:from the directory
3820:, taking the form:
3520:Additional commands
3493:run-length encoding
3468:Data transfer modes
3275:(NCP), which was a
3052:) or replaced with
2437:business networking
2304:Anonymous textboard
1860:National LambdaRail
1718:wireless networking
1552:(NANOG) established
1019:OSI Reference Model
879:standard introduced
76:April 16, 1971
41:
5747:Internet Standards
4813:. 11 October 2018.
4807:"MDTM FTP command"
4777:. 11 October 2018.
4771:"MFMT FTP command"
4329:Shared file access
4017:packet forwardings
3902:Brute-force attack
3741:
3698:
3564:
3318:
3309:for this purpose.
3279:that utilized two
3221:
2704:Google Street View
1513:Mosaic web browser
1435:(ISOC) established
981:Domain Name System
740:development begins
702:(IANA) established
557:concepts conceived
39:
5709:
5708:
5672:irc / irc6 / ircs
5245:. Nurdletech.com.
4882:fpl.cs.depaul.edu
4397:. Tcpipguide.com.
4027:'s software suite
3907:FTP bounce attack
3864:download managers
3849:Internet Explorer
3711:Microsoft Windows
3660:
3659:
3652:
3382:text files using
3285:application layer
3206:Protocol overview
3134:and published as
3065:operating systems
3063:developed before
3013:
3012:
3004:social networking
2937:social networking
2915:social networking
2573:media file series
2285:review aggregator
1622:updated to allow
484:
483:
135:Application layer
122:
121:
97:Application layer
16:(Redirected from
5774:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5468:on 28 March 2023
5462:www.jumpjet.info
5438:
5269:
5268:
5267:on 31 July 2020.
5263:. Archived from
5253:
5247:
5246:
5239:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5131:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5053:on 1 March 2022.
5049:. Archived from
5039:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5002:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4972:
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4857:
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4815:
4814:
4803:
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4796:
4785:
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4626:
4616:
4610:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4566:. Slacksite.com.
4560:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4529:
4528:
4526:
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4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
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4449:
4447:
4432:
4423:
4422:
4414:
4399:
4398:
4390:
4365:
4364:
4356:
3858:Download manager
3823:
3685:Software support
3655:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3604:
3596:
3277:simplex protocol
3158:(June 1980) and
3113:
3033:computer network
3023:) is a standard
3007:
3006:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2940:
2939:
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2903:
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2892:
2891:
2889:digital currency
2881:
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2042:
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2014:
2013:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1966:
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1954:
1948:
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1899:
1897:UN WSIS phase II
1893:
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1433:Internet Society
1429:
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597:
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589:
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570:
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559:
558:
551:
549:
540:
539:
538:networking ideas
532:
530:
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520:
513:
511:
486:
476:
469:
462:
124:
123:
86:
84:
79:
42:
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21:
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5771:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5696:
5635:
5514:
5509:
5471:
5469:
5456:
5431:
5278:
5276:Further reading
5273:
5272:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5241:
5240:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5209:
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5058:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5026:
5024:
5023:. 19 April 2021
5015:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4998:
4996:omgubuntu.co.uk
4988:
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4718:
4716:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4680:Klensin, John.
4678:
4674:
4663:
4654:
4647:
4633:
4629:
4617:
4613:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4575:
4571:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4543:
4532:
4522:
4520:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4443:
4433:
4426:
4415:
4402:
4391:
4368:
4357:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4256:
4199:FTP reply codes
4195:
4189:
4187:FTP reply codes
4184:
4178:
4114:
4094:
4088:
4075:
4069:
4052:
4046:
4041:
4006:confidentiality
3997:
3920:Spoofing attack
3887:
3876:
3860:
3821:
3810:
3761:
3703:
3687:
3656:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3621:
3605:
3594:
3577:
3569:sniffing attack
3552:
3522:
3470:
3428:
3426:File structures
3323:
3294:
3223:FTP may run in
3213:
3208:
3128:
3111:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2283:Rotten Tomatoes
2281:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2097:online retailer
2093:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1739:Abilene Network
1733:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1007:
998:
992:
990:
988:
979:
973:
971:
969:
960:
954:
952:
950:
941:
935:
933:
931:
922:
916:
914:
912:
894:
888:
886:
884:
875:
869:
867:
865:
853:
847:
845:
843:
834:
828:
826:
824:
815:
809:
807:
805:
793:
787:
785:
783:
774:
768:
766:
764:
755:
749:
747:
745:
736:
730:
728:
726:
717:
711:
709:
707:
698:
692:
690:
688:
682:
676:
674:
672:
663:
657:
655:
653:
644:
638:
636:
634:
628:
622:
620:
618:
610:
604:
602:
600:
595:planning begins
591:
585:
583:
581:
572:
566:
564:
562:
553:
547:
545:
543:
534:
528:
526:
524:
515:
509:
507:
505:
480:
300:Transport layer
82:
80:
77:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5780:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5449:
5443:
5430:
5429:External links
5427:
5426:
5425:
5419:
5409:
5399:
5389:
5379:
5369:
5359:
5349:
5339:
5329:
5319:
5309:
5299:
5289:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5248:
5229:
5207:
5185:
5163:
5140:
5103:
5081:
5056:
5034:
5008:
4982:
4967:
4941:
4919:
4894:
4869:
4858:
4842:
4816:
4798:
4793:www.serv-u.com
4780:
4762:
4744:
4726:
4697:
4672:
4652:
4645:
4627:
4611:
4595:
4569:
4552:
4530:
4504:
4478:
4453:
4441:Android Police
4424:
4400:
4366:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4191:Main article:
4188:
4185:
4180:Main article:
4177:
4174:
4113:
4110:
4090:Main article:
4087:
4084:
4071:Main article:
4068:
4065:
4048:Main article:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4029:
4028:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3980:
3969:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3912:Packet capture
3909:
3904:
3886:
3883:
3875:
3872:
3868:DownloadStudio
3859:
3856:
3835:on the server
3809:
3806:
3784:Microsoft Edge
3760:
3757:
3749:Samsung Galaxy
3702:
3699:
3686:
3683:
3658:
3657:
3608:
3606:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3576:
3573:
3558:A computer at
3551:
3548:
3530:file attribute
3521:
3518:
3508:Internet Draft
3497:
3496:
3489:
3485:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3450:
3439:
3427:
3424:
3416:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3392:
3391:
3388:Internet Draft
3377:
3370:36-bit systems
3364:Local (TYPE L
3362:
3356:
3341:
3322:
3319:
3293:
3290:
3281:port addresses
3250:
3249:
3237:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3174:, for example
3127:
3124:
3029:computer files
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
2982:
2963:
2941:
2919:
2893:
2871:
2849:
2830:
2811:
2788:
2769:
2750:
2731:
2708:
2690:
2671:
2652:
2633:
2614:
2595:
2576:
2557:
2538:
2529:The Pirate Bay
2515:
2496:
2478:
2459:
2440:
2421:
2402:
2383:
2364:
2345:
2326:
2307:
2288:
2269:
2250:
2232:
2213:
2195:
2176:
2157:
2138:
2119:
2100:
2081:
2062:
2043:
2016:
2015:
1992:
1974:
1956:
1938:
1919:
1901:
1883:
1865:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1799:
1781:
1776:Dot-com bubble
1762:
1743:
1721:
1702:
1684:
1665:
1646:
1628:
1606:
1603:decommissioned
1587:
1556:
1555:
1536:
1518:
1499:
1476:
1457:
1438:
1419:
1400:
1395:World Wide Web
1381:
1362:
1343:
1325:
1306:
1288:
1283:UUNET/Alternet
1269:
1250:
1234:
1211:
1193:
1174:
1155:
1136:
1118:
1099:
1080:
1061:
1042:
1024:
1005:
986:
967:
948:
929:
902:
901:
882:
863:
841:
822:
803:
781:
762:
743:
724:
705:
686:
670:
651:
632:
616:
598:
579:
560:
541:
522:
493:
492:
482:
481:
479:
478:
471:
464:
456:
453:
452:
451:
450:
443:
438:
433:
428:
420:
419:
413:
412:
411:
410:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
373:
372:
371:
366:
353:
352:
350:Internet layer
346:
345:
344:
343:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
303:
302:
296:
295:
294:
293:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
166:
161:
156:
146:
138:
137:
131:
130:
120:
119:
116:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
94:
88:
87:
74:
70:
69:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5779:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5757:OS/2 commands
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5704:
5703:Protocol list
5699:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5217:
5211:
5195:
5189:
5173:
5167:
5151:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5113:
5107:
5091:
5085:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5022:
5018:
5012:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4978:
4971:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4930:
4923:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4862:
4855:
4851:
4846:
4831:
4830:Security Week
4827:
4820:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4755:
4748:
4737:
4730:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4685:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4648:
4646:0-201-63346-9
4642:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4565:
4559:
4557:
4548:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4519:
4515:
4508:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4429:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4362:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3822:ftp://@]host/
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3737:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3707:File Explorer
3701:File managers
3695:
3691:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3654:
3651:
3643:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3609:This section
3607:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3575:Anonymous FTP
3572:
3570:
3561:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3538:
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3420:line printers
3413:
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3335:
3334:"8-bit ASCII"
3331:
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3133:
3132:Abhay Bhushan
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:Google Chrome
3109:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3097:file managers
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
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3055:
3051:
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3001:
3000:video sharing
2997:
2983:
2978:
2964:
2960:
2959:photo sharing
2956:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:photo sharing
2908:
2894:
2890:
2886:
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2868:
2864:
2850:
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2831:
2827:search engine
2826:
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2807:
2803:
2789:
2784:
2770:
2765:
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2732:
2727:
2723:
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2672:
2668:microblogging
2667:
2653:
2649:virtual globe
2648:
2634:
2629:
2615:
2611:video sharing
2610:
2596:
2592:image hosting
2591:
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2154:search engine
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2078:web directory
2077:
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2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2007:
1993:
1989:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1953:
1939:
1934:
1920:
1916:
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725:
720:
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701:
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671:
666:
652:
647:
633:
617:
613:
599:
594:
580:
575:
574:Merit Network
561:
556:
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537:
523:
518:
504:
503:
502:
501:
500:
495:
494:
491:
488:
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115:
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107:
105:
101:
98:
95:
93:
89:
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71:
67:
66:Abhay Bhushan
64:
60:
57:
56:File transfer
54:
50:
47:
43:
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5767:File sharing
5550:
5470:. Retrieved
5466:the original
5461:
5442:at Wikibooks
5265:the original
5260:
5251:
5220:. Retrieved
5210:
5200:10 September
5198:. Retrieved
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5166:
5154:. Retrieved
5143:
5116:. Retrieved
5106:
5094:. Retrieved
5084:
5072:. Retrieved
5069:Lynx website
5068:
5059:
5051:the original
5046:
5037:
5025:. Retrieved
5020:
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4999:. Retrieved
4995:
4985:
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4970:
4958:. Retrieved
4954:
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4922:
4910:. Retrieved
4907:docs.kde.org
4906:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4881:
4872:
4861:
4845:
4835:14 September
4833:. Retrieved
4829:
4819:
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4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
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4729:
4717:. Retrieved
4707:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4682:
4675:
4669:. Ncftp.com.
4636:
4630:
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4598:
4586:. Retrieved
4582:
4572:
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4521:. Retrieved
4517:
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4491:
4481:
4469:. Retrieved
4465:
4456:
4444:. Retrieved
4440:
4418:
4360:
4249:
4226:
4196:
4176:FTP commands
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4133:
4115:
4095:
4079:Secure Shell
4076:
4053:
4030:
4014:
3998:
3995:FTP over SSH
3984:Secure Shell
3959:
3932:
3888:
3877:
3862:Most common
3861:
3853:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3788:
3777:
3765:web browsers
3762:
3742:
3719:
3704:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3661:
3646:
3640:October 2023
3637:
3622:Please help
3610:
3578:
3565:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3512:
3501:
3498:
3471:
3463:
3452:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3417:
3397:
3393:
3372:such as DEC
3365:
3324:
3303:
3301:of the NAT.
3295:
3270:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3245:passive mode
3244:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3129:
3104:web browsers
3101:
3093:HTML editors
3058:
3020:
3016:
3014:
2647:Google Earth
2533:torrent file
2492:iTunes Store
2019:
2018:
2017:
1716:IEEE 802.11b
1559:
1558:
1557:
905:
904:
903:
498:
497:
496:
489:
446:
406:
339:
289:
163:
73:Introduction
62:Developer(s)
36:
18:FTP over SSH
5621:view-source
5118:13 February
5047:FireFTP.net
5021:mozilla.org
4518:How-To Geek
4492:Sophos News
4471:2 September
4334:TCP Wrapper
4276:Curl-loader
4039:Derivatives
3928:DoS or DDoS
3879:LibreOffice
3833:mydirectory
3759:Web browser
2863:Kickstarter
2844:Google Docs
2630:link voting
1817:Code Red II
1473:established
1132:Morris worm
898:established
857:news using
555:NPL network
68:for RFC 114
5716:Categories
5640:Unofficial
5601:sip / sips
5472:16 January
5178:19 October
5174:. Conceiva
5156:26 January
5150:"FTP URLs"
5096:16 January
5001:30 January
4960:13 October
4955:Moyens I/O
4934:13 October
4912:13 October
4887:13 October
4719:27 January
4523:13 October
4497:13 October
4341:References
3829:myfile.txt
3724:on Linux (
3353:bytestream
3321:Data types
3037:plain-text
2397:BitTorrent
2227:Babel Fish
2133:Craigslist
1935:registered
1813:Code Red I
819:introduced
417:Link layer
83:1971-04-16
4146:word size
4082:as well.
3986:(SSH) or
3730:Konqueror
3694:FileZilla
3671:stateless
3611:does not
3581:anonymous
2907:Instagram
2806:DRM-based
2685:WikiLeaks
2416:Knowledge
2152:AltaVista
1735:Internet2
1376:ANS CO+RE
1227:(without
1149:Complete
92:OSI layer
5626:ws / wss
5519:Official
5455:(2012):
5222:24 March
5128:cite web
5027:20 April
4588:29 March
4254:See also
4162:download
4126:Internet
4035:(SFTP).
3957:or SSL.
3935:sniffing
3885:Security
3798:Waterfox
3780:Chromium
3755:client.
3438:3.1.1.1)
3338:newlines
3241:firewall
3110:prefix "
3089:desktops
3056:(SFTP).
2977:Coursera
2955:Snapchat
2726:e-reader
2552:Facebook
2435:LinkedIn
2418:, the 💕
1662:proposed
1515:released
1471:InterNIC
1021:released
877:Ethernet
719:CYCLADES
5261:ssh.com
4446:12 July
3845:Firefox
3794:Firefox
3790:FireFTP
3745:Android
3726:Dolphin
3632:removed
3617:sources
3514:GridFTP
3504:DEFLATE
3482:records
3380:Unicode
3374:PDP-10s
3229:passive
3120:Firefox
3085:clients
3073:Windows
3046:SSL/TLS
3042:secured
2987: (
2968: (
2946: (
2933:Google+
2924: (
2898: (
2885:Bitcoin
2876: (
2854: (
2835: (
2816: (
2802:Spotify
2793: (
2774: (
2764:Dropbox
2755: (
2736: (
2713: (
2695: (
2676: (
2666:Twitter
2657: (
2638: (
2619: (
2609:YouTube
2600: (
2581: (
2571:Podcast
2562: (
2543: (
2520: (
2501: (
2483: (
2464: (
2454:Myspace
2445: (
2426: (
2407: (
2388: (
2369: (
2350: (
2340:Napster
2331: (
2312: (
2293: (
2274: (
2255: (
2237: (
2218: (
2200: (
2190:RankDex
2181: (
2162: (
2143: (
2124: (
2105: (
2086: (
2067: (
2048: (
2029: (
1997: (
1979: (
1961: (
1943: (
1924: (
1906: (
1888: (
1870: (
1862:founded
1851: (
1831: (
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1786: (
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1386: (
1367: (
1348: (
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1293: (
1274: (
1255: (
1239: (
1216: (
1198: (
1179: (
1160: (
1141: (
1123: (
1104: (
1096:founded
1085: (
1066: (
1047: (
1029: (
1010: (
991: (
972: (
953: (
934: (
926:(CSNET)
915: (
887: (
868: (
846: (
827: (
817:Minitel
808: (
786: (
776:Telenet
767: (
748: (
729: (
710: (
691: (
675: (
656: (
637: (
621: (
603: (
593:ARPANET
584: (
576:founded
565: (
546: (
527: (
508: (
447:more...
431:Tunnels
407:more...
340:more...
290:more...
279:TLS/SSL
234:ONC/RPC
171: (
118:RFC 959
104:Port(s)
81: (
52:Purpose
5682:magnet
5667:finger
5657:gemini
5647:coffee
5611:telnet
5586:mailto
5561:gopher
5414:
5404:
5394:
5384:
5374:
5364:
5354:
5344:
5334:
5324:
5314:
5304:
5294:
5284:
5074:6 July
4852:
4690:9 June
4643:
4621:
4605:
4209:
4203:server
4168:, and
4158:upload
4154:delete
4150:rename
4142:binary
4120:
4104:
4059:
3990:(VPN).
3943:Telnet
3893:
3816:
3808:Syntax
3406:Telnet
3359:EBCDIC
3345:Binary
3225:active
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3148:TCP/IP
3138:
3112:ftp://
3079:, and
2996:TikTok
2722:Kindle
2628:Reddit
2590:Flickr
2321:i-mode
2264:PayPal
2095:Amazon
2076:Yahoo!
1819:, and
1778:bursts
1624:TCP/IP
1601:NSFNET
1496:access
1494:USENET
1492:added
1454:(CIDR)
1414:NSFNET
1339:Gopher
1322:(WAIS)
1229:TCP/IP
1188:PSINet
1113:NSFNET
1077:(IETF)
1056:NSFNET
1000:MILNET
964:(SMTP)
943:TCP/IP
896:BITNET
855:USENET
665:Tymnet
529:1962-4
525:1962-4
510:1960-4
506:1960-4
274:Telnet
173:HTTP/3
114:RFC(s)
5692:ymsgr
5687:rsync
5677:ldaps
5571:https
5526:about
4903:"FTP"
4757:(PDF)
4739:(PDF)
4304:FTPFS
4295:(FSP)
4289:(FXP)
4138:ASCII
3874:Other
3586:email
3550:Login
3458:TENEX
3384:UTF-8
3330:ASCII
3236:port.
3081:Linux
3044:with
2747:(EC2)
2510:4chan
2473:Skype
2378:2chan
2359:Baidu
2006:ICANN
1823:worms
1821:Nimda
1757:vBNS+
1620:GOSIP
1397:(WWW)
1359:(CIX)
1266:(ANS)
1225:GOSIP
1171:(BGP)
1094:UUNET
983:(DNS)
838:(IAB)
648:(NIC)
401:IPsec
179:HTTPS
5662:feed
5652:ed2k
5631:xmpp
5596:nntp
5581:ldap
5576:info
5566:http
5546:file
5541:data
5536:crid
5531:acct
5474:2020
5416:7151
5406:5797
5396:3659
5386:2640
5376:2577
5366:2428
5356:2389
5346:2228
5336:1738
5326:1639
5316:1635
5306:1579
5224:2024
5202:2022
5180:2021
5158:2020
5134:link
5120:2020
5098:2013
5076:2023
5029:2021
5003:2021
4962:2023
4936:2023
4914:2023
4889:2023
4854:1635
4837:2017
4721:2016
4713:IETF
4692:2020
4641:ISBN
4623:2428
4590:2024
4525:2023
4499:2023
4473:2021
4448:2021
4324:OBEX
4299:FTAM
4282:DTXT
4134:SFTP
4130:IETF
4106:1350
4061:4217
4050:FTPS
4044:FTPS
3966:FTPS
3951:IMAP
3949:and
3939:SMTP
3895:2577
3847:and
3818:1738
3802:Lynx
3769:FTPS
3753:SFTP
3728:and
3715:SFTP
3663:HTTP
3615:any
3613:cite
3545:MFMT
3541:MDTM
3537:MDTM
3488:TCP.
3349:byte
3298:NATs
3254:IPv6
3200:IPv6
3196:2428
3188:2228
3180:1579
3118:and
3095:and
3077:Unix
3067:had
3050:FTPS
3015:The
3002:and
2989:2016
2985:2016
2970:2012
2966:2012
2948:2011
2944:2011
2926:2011
2922:2011
2913:and
2900:2010
2896:2010
2887:, a
2878:2009
2874:2009
2865:, a
2856:2009
2852:2009
2837:2009
2833:2009
2825:Bing
2818:2009
2814:2009
2804:, a
2795:2008
2791:2008
2776:2008
2772:2008
2757:2008
2753:2008
2738:2008
2734:2008
2715:2007
2711:2007
2697:2007
2693:2007
2678:2007
2674:2007
2659:2006
2655:2006
2640:2005
2636:2005
2621:2005
2617:2005
2602:2005
2598:2005
2583:2004
2579:2004
2564:2004
2560:2004
2545:2004
2541:2004
2535:host
2522:2003
2518:2003
2503:2003
2499:2003
2485:2003
2481:2003
2466:2003
2462:2003
2447:2003
2443:2003
2428:2003
2424:2003
2409:2001
2405:2001
2390:2001
2386:2001
2371:2001
2367:2001
2352:2000
2348:2000
2333:1999
2329:1999
2314:1999
2310:1999
2295:1999
2291:1999
2276:1998
2272:1998
2257:1998
2253:1998
2239:1998
2235:1998
2220:1997
2216:1997
2202:1997
2198:1997
2183:1996
2179:1996
2164:1996
2160:1996
2145:1995
2141:1995
2126:1995
2122:1995
2114:eBay
2107:1995
2103:1995
2088:1995
2084:1995
2069:1994
2065:1994
2057:IMDb
2050:1990
2046:1990
2031:1989
2027:1989
2010:IANA
1999:2016
1995:2016
1981:2014
1977:2014
1963:2013
1959:2013
1945:2012
1941:2012
1926:2010
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1691:1998
1687:1998
1672:1996
1668:1996
1660:IPv6
1653:1995
1649:1995
1635:1995
1631:1995
1613:1995
1609:1995
1594:1995
1590:1995
1583:NAPs
1579:ISPs
1571:1995
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955:1982
951:1982
936:1982
932:1982
917:1981
913:1981
889:1981
885:1981
870:1980
866:1980
859:UUCP
848:1980
844:1980
829:1979
825:1979
810:1978
806:1978
795:X.25
788:1976
784:1976
769:1975
765:1975
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635:1970
623:1969
619:1969
605:1967
601:1967
586:1967
582:1967
567:1966
563:1966
548:1965
544:1965
536:ARPA
517:RAND
396:IGMP
376:ICMP
334:QUIC
329:RSVP
324:SCTP
319:DCCP
284:XMPP
264:SNMP
259:SMTP
244:RTSP
219:OSPF
209:NNTP
204:MQTT
199:MGCP
194:LDAP
184:IMAP
169:HTTP
149:DHCP
5616:urn
5606:tag
5591:nfs
5556:geo
5551:ftp
5453:TLD
5412:RFC
5402:RFC
5392:RFC
5382:RFC
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5362:RFC
5352:RFC
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4603:RFC
4211:959
4207:RFC
4172:).
4122:913
4118:RFC
4102:RFC
4057:RFC
4008:or
4001:TCP
3975:or
3955:TLS
3947:POP
3891:RFC
3814:RFC
3773:URL
3743:On
3722:KDE
3626:by
3478:TCP
3412:ASA
3227:or
3192:RFC
3184:RFC
3176:RFC
3172:959
3168:RFC
3164:959
3160:RFC
3156:765
3152:RFC
3144:NCP
3140:114
3136:RFC
3108:URI
3021:FTP
2302:2ch
2038:AOL
1679:AOL
1490:AOL
441:MAC
436:PPP
426:ARP
391:ECN
386:NDP
314:UDP
309:TCP
269:SSH
254:SIP
249:RIP
239:RTP
229:PTP
224:POP
214:NTP
189:IRC
164:FTP
159:DNS
144:BGP
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