1020:, a dominant but highly controversial political and military force in Lebanon. Ziad replied: "Fairuz is very fond of Sayyed Hassan , although she will be displeased with me, as she was after my last television interview when I revealed some personal information and she quickly interrupted me". There were strong reactions to this statement, which went viral on social media, and the country's different media outlets did not deviate from their political stances when reacting to Ziad's words. Politicians and celebrities stepped in as well, some of whom objected to affiliating Fairuz to one side of Lebanon's political divide over another, including Druze leader Walid Jumblatt who said: "Fairuz is too great to be criticized, and at the same time too great to be classified as belonging to this or that political camp". "Let us keep her in her supreme position, and not push her to something she has nothing to do with," Jumblatt added. Ziad, who claims to speak on his mother's behalf "because she prefers to remain silent", responded to his critics by saying: "Apparently it isn’t allowed in the age of strife for the princess of classy Arab art to voice love for the master of resistance". Nasrallah, commenting on the issue during a speech, stated: "An educated highly respected thinker and artist, who may be espoused different ideologies, might disagree with you on political matters, but personally have fondness for you, because of your character, conduct, sacrifices and so on. If such a person were to say that he or she liked someone, then all hell would break loose".
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to fit into a certain mold. This mold was the dominant
Egyptian style of music, in the Egyptian dialect that would typically have a duration of thirty minutes. The trio started working with their own prototype, which was shorter three-minute songs in the Lebanese dialect that would tell a story. This change was received as well as it was due to growing discontent for traditional and indigenous music. Beirut at this time was undergoing rapid modernization and cultural expansion. Some of those who lived in the city were not of Arab background, making it harder to relate to the musical forms of the time. So when Fairuz and the Rahbani brothers introduced a more modern yet still traditional form of music, they drew in mass appeal. This helped reshape the modern Lebanese identity especially in music and would go on to make significant contributions to the history of oriental music. These songs would also customarily included commentary and themes of local and regional socio-political and historical issues. As the 1960s wore on, Fairuz became known as the "First Lady of Lebanese singing", as Halim Roumi dubbed her. During this period, the Rahbani brothers wrote and composed for her hundreds of famous songs, most of their operettas, and three motion pictures. In those productions, they also chose to abandon the popular improvisatory nature of Arab performances in favour of more well-rehearsed and produced ones.
708:, which was performed in both the western and eastern parts of the then-divided Beirut in 1978. The war lasted fifteen years (1975–1990), took 150,000 lives, and fostered a divided nation. This was the period where her role as a prominent Lebanese figure would be cemented. She and the Rahbani brothers would frequently express their dissent for the war in their music, and their refusal to take sides and non-partisan stances helped them appeal to all of Lebanon, which then allowed Fairuz to become a voice of reason and unification for the Lebanese people. This was especially important because the war itself was so multifaceted and involved many conflicting opinions between the state and different militias. To the Lebanese, she became a lot more than just an entertainer. She became a representation of Lebanon, as well as stability in a time of insecurity and uncertainty.
947:, showed that 67% of the respondents were opposed to Fairuz's appearance in Damascus, with one of the website's editorials saying that "this was not the moment for a musical love-in". Supporters of Fairuz counterclaimed that she has always been above politics. Fairuz refrained from commenting on the controversy. However, in a letter to the event's organizers, she said that the concert should be viewed from a cultural perspective, and wrote: "Damascus is not a cultural capital for this year only, but will remain a role model of art, culture and authenticity for the coming generations." She also told the head of the organizers that she felt it was a return to her second home. Syrian commentator Ayman Abdelnour said that Fairuz was performing to the Syrian people, not their rulers. Her brother-in-law and her former partner
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tackled issues ranging from adolescence and love to political plight and patriotism, even "snappy
Christmas carols", which made her work accessible to all. Fairuz is known for her particularly forlorn style of music, which is a fusion of western and Arab sounds. Her music is set apart by its melancholic and nostalgic humor, along with Fairuz's stoic image as well as yearning voice, that is almost prayer-like, often described by experts as airy, clear, and flexible, different from the common ornamentation style commonly found in Arab music.
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720:, and composer Philemon Wahbi. Ziad Rahbani was a constant driving force in the evolution of Fairuz's music style, as he worked to break away from what his parents had previously established. The songs he went on to compose for Fairuz would stray from the nostalgic nationalism that showcased the folkloric style Fairuz and the Rahbani brothers were known for; instead, he and Fairuz would go on to delve into a more modern sound in the form of jazz and funk.
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music of one of his unreleased songs, "Akhadou el
Helween" (that he had composed to be sung by Marwan Mahfouz in "Sahriyyi" Ziad's first play). His uncle Mansour Rahbani re-wrote new lyrics for it to be called "Saalouni n'Nass" ("The People Asked Me") which talked about Fayrouz being on stage for the first time without Assi. Three months after suffering the hemorrhage, Assi attended the premiere performance of that musical,
926:. Even some Syrian opposition activists called on her to boycott the event as just three years prior Syria had been accused of carrying out a series of assassinations on the Lebanese. This came amid a political crisis in Lebanon between pro- and anti-Syria factions. As well as a renewed Syrian government crackdown on dissent that same day during which several people were arrested, including opposition figure
866:, said that the Syrians were thrilled about the performance and that Fairuz reminded them of the "good old days". People from all ages attended the concert and the auditorium was packed with listeners. Fairuz said that she had never seen such an audience in her life. However, her decision to perform there drew criticism from Lebanese politicians who considered Syria to be a hostile nation.
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576:, Assi and Mansour, who also worked at the radio station as musicians. Their chemistry was instant, and soon after, Assi started to compose songs for Fairouz. One of these songs was "Itab" (the third song he composed for her), which was an immediate success in the Arab world. It established Fairuz as one of the most prominent Arab singers at that time.
561:, head of the Lebanese radio station established in 1938, one of the oldest stations in the Arab world. Roumi was impressed by her voice and noticed that it was flexible, allowing her to sing in both Arabic and Western modes. At Nouhad's request, El Roumi appointed her as a chorus singer at the radio station in
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stated that "she sang the story of a
Lebanon that never really existed" and "essentially helped build the identity of Lebanon, just 14 years after it became an independent country." Fairuz is held in high regard in Lebanese culture because, in a region divided by many conflicts and opinions, she acts
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Fairuz rose to fame during the golden era of Arabic music and is one of the last figures and contributors of that time alive today. Her voice represented the 20th century's
Lebanese pop culture. Throughout her career, she has established a style of universality and relatability as she made music that
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In 1978, the trio toured Europe and the
Persian Gulf nations, including a concert at the Paris Olympia. As a result of this busy schedule, Assi's medical and mental health began to deteriorate. Assi Rahbani eventually died in 1986, no longer married to Fairuz, but due to the influence his family and
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on
September 22, 2017. On June 21, 2017, her daughter Reema Rahbany released the first single from the album "Lameen". The song is a tribute for Fairouz's late husband Assi Rahbany and was released in commemoration of his anniversary. Lameen is inspired by the French song "Pour qui veille l'étoile"
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On
September 22, 1972, Assi suffered a brain hemorrhage and was rushed to the hospital. Fans crowded outside the hospital, praying for him and lighting candles. After three surgeries, Assi's brain hemorrhage was halted. Ziad Rahbani, the eldest son of Fairuz and Assi, at age 17, gave his mother the
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Fairuz and the
Rahbani brothers started to garner more attention with their innovative ventures and went on to revolutionize the blueprint for Lebanese music. It started with incorporating western sounds into their music and eventually shaping the Lebanese style of music, since before the music had
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who flew to
Lebanon in order to join the sit-in. "She is a great artistic personality who has entertained millions for decades. We cannot keep silent over this humiliating attitude to her and to art and artists in general. Fairouz to me is above all laws. She is like the mother whom, even when she
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Since many of the Rahbanis' works were co-written by Assi's brother Mansour, in June 2010, a year after Mansour's death in January 2009, a Lebanese court banned Fairuz from singing material that involved his contributions. The issue began when Mansour's children filed a lawsuit against Fairuz when
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for that show, but she and the Rahbani brothers would become staples of the festival and featured most years until the civil war in Lebanon. The trio's performances at first were just small skits, but eventually they became full-blown musical operettas, and concerts followed for many years. Fairuz
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During her performances, Fairuz is known to take on a very rigid and cold stance, due to her stage fright. She claims that the hierarchic nature of her performances is because she is singing as if she were praying. She is also described as being incredibly reserved and modest in the way a mother
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Most of the works of the Rahbani Trio (Fairuz, Assi, and Mansour) consisted of musical plays or operettas. The Rahbani Brothers produced 25 popular musical plays (20 with Fairuz) over more than 30 years, and are credited as having been one of—if not the very first—to produce world-class Arabic
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Fairuz had in Lebanon, the factions in Beirut had a cease-fire allowing the funeral procession to travel from the Muslim side of the city to where Assi would be buried on the Christian side. Fairuz then began to work almost exclusively with Ziad Rahbani, her son on producing her music.
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The musicals combined storyline, lyrics and dialogue, musical composition varying widely from Lebanese folkloric and rhythmic modes to classical, westernized, and oriental songs, orchestration, and the voice and acting of Fairuz. She played the lead roles alongside singers/actors
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The Rahbani plays expressed patriotism, unrequited love and nostalgia for village life, comedy, drama, philosophy, and contemporary politics. The songs performed by Fairuz as part of the plays have become immensely popular among the Lebanese and Arabs around the world.
565:, where she was paid twenty-one U.S dollars every month, which, adjusted for inflation, in 2020 would amount to one hundred ninety-five dollars. He also went on to compose several songs for her and chose for her the stage name Fairuz, which is the Arabic word for
971:. As a result, Fairuz could not perform such works without Mansour's children's permission. The court's decision led to protests around the world in response to what her fans perceived as an act of "silencing". Hundreds gathered in front of the
528:, which she did. At first, Nouhad's conservative father was reluctant to send her to the conservatory. At the persuasion of his brother Nouhad's uncle, he eventually agreed to let her go on the condition that her brother accompany her.
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Many of Fairuz's numerous unreleased works date back to the 1950s and 1960s, and were composed by the Rahbani Brothers (certain unreleased songs, the oldest of all, are by Halim el Roumi). A Fairuz album composed by Egyptian musician
990:: "Outrage over her silencing has been a reminder of the extraordinary loyalty she still inspires across the region". Other reactions included a protest concert in Egypt, and a "Shame!" headline displayed by Emirati newspaper
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amassed more fame as she and other contemporaneous Arab artists were vocal about the Palestinian cause in their conflict with Israel and produced a number of militaristic and patriotically somber songs for them.
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described her as "a living icon without equal" and stated that her emergence as a singer paralleled Lebanon's transformation from a backwater to the vibrant financial and cultural heart of the Arab world.
704:, Fairuz's fame catapulted. Unlike many of her famous peers, she never left Lebanon to live abroad. She did not hold any concerts there with the exception of the stage performance of the operetta
958:. The incident only served to increase her popularity. Fairuz said that while always willing to sing to the public and to various countries and regions, she would never sing to any individual.
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was released on October 7, 2010, produced by Fairuz productions and written entirely by her son Ziad Rahbani. Two concerts took place at BIEL Center in Beirut, Lebanon, on October 7 and 8.
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By the age of ten, Nouhad had become well-known at school for her unusual singing voice. She would sing regularly during school shows and on holidays. This brought her to the attention of
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album, three Ziad Rahbani albums, and a tribute album to Assi Rahbani orchestrated by Ziad) and held a number of large-scale concerts, most notably the historic concert held at Beirut's
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in 1999 which was attended by over 16,000 spectators, mostly Arabs. Ever since, Fairuz has held sold-out concerts at the Beiteddine International Festival (Lebanon) from 2000 to 2003,
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Fairuz possesses a relatively large musical repertoire. Though sources disagree on the exact number, she is generally credited with between fifteen hundred and three thousand songs.
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used some parts of Fairuz's songs in her album without permission; the singers settled the matter outside of court, but Madonna's album and single were prohibited in Lebanon.
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The 2008 concert in Damascus angered some of her fans and several Lebanese politicians who described Syria as "enemy territory in the grip of a brutal secret police force".
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Mohammed Flayfel took a close interest in Nouhad's talent. He started training her in control of intonation and poetic form, and in an audition, Nouhad was heard singing by
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wrote: "Every day the sun rises over Syria you hear one voice across the country—Fairuz, the legendary Lebanese singer and greatest living Arab diva". Syrian historian,
335:. Her first major hit, "Itab", was released in 1952 and made her an instant star in the Arab world. In the summer of 1957, Fairuz held her first live performance at the
1133:, Antoine Kerbaje, Elie Shouayri (Chouayri), Hoda (Fairuz's younger sister), William Haswani, Raja Badr, Siham Chammas (Shammas), Georgette Sayegh, and many others.
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Around 85 Fairuz CDs, various vinyl formats, and cassettes have been officially released. Most of the songs that are featured on these albums were composed by the
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In 1969, Fairuz's songs were banned from radio stations in Lebanon for six months because she refused to sing at a private concert in honour of Algerian president
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743:. It also includes a video montage of her previous movies and concerts. In that show, Fairuz also sang the three songs "Ya hourrié", "Yara" and "Zaali tawwal".
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Fairuz married Assi Rahbani, one of the Rahbani brothers who helped shape her singing career, on January 23, 1955. Fairuz and Assi Rahbani had four children:
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Holland Festival organizers were literally glowing with pride as legendary singer Fairuz stepped on stage on Sunday night at Amsterdam's Royal Theater Carré.
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stated, "All young female singers in this region seem to be clones of her" and that "she's such an important artist that you have to get to grips with her".
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in 1998 after 25 years of self-imposed absence where she performed the highlights of three very successful plays that were presented in the 1960s and 1970s.
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After the artistic divorce between Fairouz and the Rahbani brothers in 1979, Fairuz carried on with her son, composer Ziad Rahbani, his friend the lyricist
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For decades, most radio stations in the Arab world have started their morning broadcast with a Fairuz song, and her songs were wildly popular during the
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343:. Fairuz's fame spread throughout the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s, leading her to perform outside of Lebanon in various Arab capitals, including
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was published in 1987 and contained the emblematic song "Aatini al Nay wa ghanni" (Give me the flute and sing), based on a poem in "The Procession" by
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in Piccadilly Theatre on Hamra Street. Elias Rahbani, Assi's younger brother, took over the orchestration and musical arrangement for the performance.
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1112:. Very little is known about Fairuz's personal life and affairs, as she is described as having a hermetic nature and separates Nouhad from Fairuz.
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and American communities and yielded positive reviews of the concerts. To date, Fairuz has performed in many countries around the globe, including
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735:. The program features footage of her rehearsals for her concert at Bercy in addition to the ceremony featuring then French Minister of Culture
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1100:); Layal (born 1960, died in 1988 of a stroke), also a composer; and Rima (born 1965), a photographer and film director. Fairouz was born to a
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Fairuz has been honored by many countries, such as Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Tunisia, the United States, Egypt, and France, in which
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In a 2008 article, BBC described her as "the legendary Lebanese singer and greatest living Arab diva". In an article about world music,
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as a symbol of unity. In 1997, Billboard stated "even after five decades at the top, remains the supreme Diva of Lebanon". In 1999,
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320:), is a Lebanese singer. She is widely considered an iconic vocalist and one of the most celebrated singers in the history of the
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Most of the musical plays were recorded and video-taped. Eighteen of them have been officially released on audio CD, two on DVD (
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In 1971, Fairuz's fame became international after her major North American tour, which was received with much excitement by the
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1969: Banned from radio stations for six months after refusing to perform a private concert for the president of Algeria
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in September 1994 to launch the rebirth of the downtown district that was ravaged by the civil war. She appeared at the
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where she was awarded with the honor of "Cavalier", the highest medal for artistic achievement by Lebanese president
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Fairuz made a second and final European Television appearance on French TV on October 13, 1988, in a show called
596:. She performed in the Folkloric section of the festival representing "The Lebanese Nights". Fairuz was paid one
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also defended her decision to perform there, saying it was "a message of love and peace from Lebanon to Syria".
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Fairuz has received multiple awards and tokens of recognition throughout her career, including the Key to the
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Fairuz began her musical career as a teenager at the national radio station in Lebanon in the late 1940s as a
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In the 1990s, Fairuz produced six albums (two Philemon Wahbi tributes with unreleased tracks included, a
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918:, accused Fairuz of "playing into the hands of Syrian intelligence services", while fellow party member
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said that "those who love Lebanon do not sing for its jailers", in reference to the three-decades-long
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854:), after more than two decades of absence from the country, in one of a series of events highlighting
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of Paris Bercy concert hall three days later on October 16, was the main guest of French TV presenter
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In a career spanning over six decades, Fairuz has recorded nearly 1500 songs, released more than 80
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858:'s designation of Damascus as the Capital of Arab Culture that year. Commenting on the event, the
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Lebanese Television has featured appearances by Fairuz in the following television programmes:
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website when asked whether his mother shared his supportive stance on the political vision of
3182:"Lebanese icon Fayrouz announces release of new single 'Lameen' – Music – Arts & Culture"
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in an emotional return to the Syrian capital, where she played the lead role in the musical
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Greek-Orthodox Annunciation Church (Arabic: سيدة البشارة للروم الأرثوذكس بالأشرفية في بيروت)
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The Fairuz-Rahbani collaboration produced the following musicals (in chronological order):
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2912:"Fairuz - Paroles de " Atini Alnay Wa Ghanny- أعطني الناي و غن " + traduction en anglais"
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2874:"The Leftist, the Liberal, and the Space in Between: Ziad Rahbani and Everyday Ideology"
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awarded by the Jerusalem Cultural Committee, the Jordanian Medal of Honor presented by
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3709:"Macron reassures protesters after meeting Lebanon's symbol of unity, singer Fairouz"
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3235:"Macron reassures protesters after meeting Lebanon's symbol of unity, singer Fairouz"
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Qasidat Hobb (A Love Poem), also presented as a musical show in Baalbeck in 1973
3691:"An insider's cultural guide to Beirut: 'a beautiful, rowdy, intoxicated mess'"
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2227:"Centennial of Assi al-Rahbani shines light on his cherished musical legacy"
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497:. Living in a single room of a typical Lebanese stone house facing Beirut's
3580:"Macron's visit to Fairuz signifies French esteem for Lebanon's No. 1 diva"
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Patriarchate school, they shared a kitchen with the neighbors. Her father,
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World music: the rough guide. Africa, Europe and the Middle East, Volume 1
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Fairuz songs' lyrics, with information on musicians/lyricists (Arabic)
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1785:"في مثل هذا اليوم ولدت المغنية اللبنانية نهاد وديع "فيروزnohad hadda""
3676:"Iconic Fairouz remains most listened-to Arab singer as she turns 80"
2975:"Happy Birthday Fairouz! Here Are 7 Facts About the Legendary Singer"
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2094:"Iconic Fairouz remains most listened-to Arab singer as she turns 80"
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1920:"Virtually Unknown in the West, But She's an Icon of the Arab World"
1008:, sparked controversy in December 2013 during an interview with the
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3484:"Lebanese singer stirs controversy with 'love' of Hezbollah chief"
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Fairuz has performed in many countries around the globe including
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2848:"Lebanese Civil War | History, Causes, Effects, & Combatants"
2823:"Lebanese Civil War | History, Causes, Effects, & Combatants"
2045:"Eight reasons why Fairouz is the greatest Arab diva of all time"
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visited Fairuz in her house during his trip to Lebanon after the
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Nouhad Haddad was born on November 20, 1934, in Lebanon into an
3918:"Fairuz: Celebrated Lebanese singer turns 85 | DW | 20.11.2020"
1946:"Lesser known facts about Fairouz as legendary singer turns 84"
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Fairuz's first large-scale concert was in 1957, as part of the
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Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo, eds. (1999).
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3757:"BBC News – Middle East – Lebanese diva opens Syrian hearts"
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which took place under the patronage of Lebanese President
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3513:"Uproar over legendary Fairuz's 'love' of Hezbollah chief"
3435:"Famous diva's 'fondness' for Nasrallah stirs controversy"
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324:. She is popularly known as "The Bird of The East", "The
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3892:"Fairuz Online: Fairuz, Fairouz, Fayrouz Feyrouz Feiruz"
2342:, Beirut: المؤسسة العربية للنشر والدراسات, p. 274,
1854:. Agence France-Presse. January 28, 2009. Archived from
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she was set to perform the song "Ya'ish Ya'ish" at the
3658:"Fans lend their voices to Fairouz, the silenced diva"
3383:"Fans lend their voices to Fairouz, the silenced diva"
1834:"Fans lend their voices to Fairouz, the silenced diva"
943:, a Lebanese web portal sympathetic to the anti-Syria
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Fairuz released her first album in seven years titled
4106:
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Oriental Orthodoxy
3326:"Lebanese diva arouses emotion, controversy in Syria"
3264:"Fairouz fans angry over the diva's concert in Syria"
3080:"Fairouz fans angry over the diva's concert in Syria"
2532:
2530:
1879:"Lebanese diva arouses emotion, controversy in Syria"
1852:"Lebanese diva Fairuz's concert delights Syrian fans"
583:
244:
3501:
3457:"Nasrallah and Jumblatt weigh in on Fairouz fallout"
3423:
1600:
306:
280:
2628:"This Pop Diva Wows 'Em In Arabic (Published 1999)"
1733:"Aljazeera - فيروز من "جوار القمر" إلى عمق التاريخ"
1084:would be, and embodies the Lebanese woman at home.
3077:
2527:
2468:"Fairouz | Singer, Artist, Biography, & Facts"
930:and twelve other activists of the anti-government
572:A short while later, Fairuz was introduced to the
3510:
2792:
2790:
2568:"9 facts about legendary Lebanese singer Fayrouz"
999:
784:She also performed a concert in Las Vegas at the
4017:
3323:
2361:
2278:"Fairouz: a Voice, a Star, a Mystery | Al Jadid"
2164:Libanesische Sängerin Fairouz: Die fremde Stimme
792:(2001), Paris (2002), the United States (2003),
980:errs, we are eager to forgive," Chahine added.
754:. It was first sung at the end of the sixties.
711:
3915:
2787:
1985:"How Did Fairuz Become an International Star?"
937:A poll conducted a week before the concert by
883:and was adapted into Arabic by Reema Rahbany.
605:1960s–1970s: Breakthrough and critical acclaim
553:surrounded by members of their families, 1955.
4071:Recipients of the National Order of the Cedar
2307:""سبعون" البنت السريانية التي جاءت من ماردين"
2171:
1961:
1959:
1903:Fayrouz.. 80 years of singing “Heaven’s Harp”
1876:
1813:
1706:"Fairuz | Biography & History | AllMusic"
1562:. Also featured are songs by Philemon Wehbe,
842:On January 28, 2008, Fairuz performed at the
727:. Fairuz, who had scheduled a concert at the
520:, a well-known musician and a teacher at the
3481:
3073:
3071:
3051:
3047:
3045:
2339:الدين والدهماء والدم: العرب وإستعصاء الحداثة
2203:
2201:
35:
3734:
3406:
2625:
1023:
4066:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Lebanon)
3820:""بياع الخواتم" أول تجربة سينمائية لفيروز"
3432:
3380:
2999:
2502:Popular Culture and Nationalism in Lebanon
2061:
1956:
489:. The family later moved into a home in a
46:
3874:"فيروز – ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ – فيلموجرافيا، صور، فيديو"
3527:
3154:"Fayrouz gives glimpse of upcoming album"
3068:
3042:
2871:
2714:
2712:
2499:Stone, Christopher (September 12, 2007).
2198:
2117:. Forum for International Art and Culture
1585:Fairuz has also released a live album on
289:
4051:EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists
3349:
2957:"Album Reviews: The Very Best of Fairuz"
902:
687:
608:
540:
456:
4081:Performers of Christian music in Arabic
4036:Singers who perform in Classical Arabic
3688:
3511:McNamara, Whitney (December 27, 2013).
3211:. The961. June 22, 2017. Archived from
3078:Blanford, Nicholas (January 28, 2008).
2689:
2355:
2335:
2301:
1844:
835:Her first album in the new millennium,
485:, was born in the village of Dibbiyeh,
128: 1955; died 1986)
4091:Greek Orthodox Christians from Lebanon
4018:
3986:A Diva Brightens a Dark Time in Beirut
3258:
3256:
2928:
2709:
2462:
2110:
1528:Al Quds fil Bal (Jerusalem in my Mind)
886:On 1 September 2020, French president
473:family. Her father, Wadie was born in
4096:Lebanese Oriental Orthodox Christians
3775:"The beginner's guide to world music"
3655:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3409:"Royalty Dispute May Silence Fairouz"
3324:Oweis, Khaled Y. (January 28, 2008).
3300:"Royalty Dispute May Silence Fairouz"
3002:"Haunted by her songs of love, peace"
2660:
2658:
2656:
2621:
2619:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2391:
2389:
2295:
2064:"Fairouz: a Voice, a Star, a Mystery"
2000:
1998:
315:
3943:"Lebanon: The Baalbek Folk Festival"
3849:"سفر برلك ايقونة الاستقلال الرحباني"
3533:
3297:
2929:Gibran, Kahlil (December 20, 2011).
2329:
1700:
1698:
1525:Layali As'Saad (Nights of Happiness)
1449:
1362:
294:; born November 21, 1934), known as
62:Nouhad Wadie Haddad (نهاد وديع حداد)
4056:21st-century Lebanese women singers
4041:20th-century Lebanese women singers
3846:
3606:"Fairouz: Still going strong at 80"
3352:"Fairuz: Lebanon's quavering voice"
3350:Al Yafai, Faisal (August 7, 2010).
3253:
3209:"Fairouz Just Released A New Song!"
3054:"Lebanese diva opens Syrian hearts"
2959:. December 20, 2008. Archived from
2367:"This Pop Diva Wows Them in Arabic"
2254:. November 30, 2020. Archived from
2155:
1522:Day'it El Aghani (Village of Songs)
1271: – 1970–1971 – 2006–2008)
1115:
299:
270:
36:
13:
4111:Lebanese people of Turkish descent
3737:"This Pop Diva Wows 'Em In Arabic"
3735:Macfarquhar, Neil (May 18, 1999).
3689:Atallah, Nasri (January 4, 2016).
3563:
3482:Bulos, Nabih (December 20, 2013).
2967:
2653:
2626:MacFarquhar, Neil (May 18, 1999).
2616:
2555:
2485:
2439:
2422:"Fairuz | Biography & History"
2397:"Fairuz | Biography & History"
2386:
2168:taz.de, 20. November 2014 (German)
1995:
1877:Khaled Yacoub (January 28, 2008).
1591:Lebanon: The Baalbek Folk Festival
741:Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres
584:1950s: Establishment of a new star
380:Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres
14:
4137:
3965:
3052:Sinjab, Lina (February 7, 2008).
2666:"Fairuz: Lebanon's Voice Of Hope"
1695:
1369:List of awards received by Fairuz
4116:Arabic-language singers of Egypt
3433:Aziz, Jean (December 27, 2013).
2690:Longley, Martin (July 9, 2020).
2137:"Arab Stars on the Global Stage"
2114:Fairouz – Legend and Legacy
1814:Nora Boustany (April 26, 1987).
1617:
1603:
1087:
897:
757:
384:Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
291:[nʊˈhaːdwaˈdiːʕħadˈdaːd]
4061:Knights of the Legion of Honour
3935:
3909:
3884:
3866:
3847:دبس, زهير (November 22, 2017).
3840:
3812:
3787:
3767:
3749:
3728:
3719:
3701:
3682:
3668:
3649:
3624:
3598:
3475:
3449:
3400:
3374:
3343:
3317:
3291:
3227:
3201:
3174:
3146:
3123:
3097:
3019:
2993:
2949:
2922:
2904:
2865:
2840:
2815:
2762:
2737:
2692:"Fairuz and Her Family Fusions"
2683:
2586:
2414:
2270:
2244:
2219:
2129:
2104:
2086:
2055:
2037:
2016:
1977:
1938:
1912:
1896:
1531:Dafater El Layl (Night Memoirs)
772:Baalbeck International Festival
590:Baalbeck International Festival
536:
531:
493:alley called Zuqaq el Blatt in
412:United Nations General Assembly
337:Baalbeck International Festival
125:
3916:Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche.
3828:(in Arabic). February 22, 2019
3534:Blok, Arthur (June 27, 2011).
1870:
1826:
1807:
1777:
1747:
1725:
1665:
1544:
1537:Sahret Hobb (Romantic Evening)
1422:
1335:). An unauthorized version of
1000:Alleged political affiliations
287:Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:
1:
3407:Ganz, Jacob (July 30, 2010).
3298:Ganz, Jacob (July 30, 2010).
3269:The Christian Science Monitor
3084:The Christian Science Monitor
2252:"History | Boustani Congress"
2184:. Rough Guides. p. 393.
2006:"Børre Ludvigsen Web Archive"
1689:
1534:Maa Al Hikayat (With Stories)
1510:
1339:and one such live version of
739:awarding Fairuz the medal of
545:During their marriage in the
452:
3656:Black, Ian (July 29, 2010).
3632:"Fairuz | Album Discography"
3381:Black, Ian (July 29, 2010).
3000:Raed Rafei (July 15, 2007).
2594:"Vocal Performance - Fairuz"
924:Syrian occupation of Lebanon
869:Fairuz's new album entitled
712:1980s: A new production team
7:
2932:A Treasury of Kahlil Gibran
2209:"Mansour Rahbani: Obituary"
2161:FatmaAydemir, Sami Rustom:
1761:(in Arabic). Archived from
1596:
1357:The Marriage in the Village
961:
916:Progressive Socialist Party
307:
281:
16:For American composer, see
10:
4142:
4101:Syriac Orthodox Christians
2062:Sami Asmar (Spring 1995).
2024:"Fairuz: Legacy of a Star"
1548:
1366:
1343:in black and white exist.
1189:The Return of the Soldiers
1159:The Wedding in the Village
15:
2945:– via Google Books.
1816:"The Sad Voice of Beirut"
1491:
1472:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1427:
1405:Order of Arts and Letters
1351:) was never recorded and
1199:The Night and the Lantern
1104:family. She converted to
973:National Museum of Beirut
613:Fairuz performing in 1971
253:
239:
212:
202:
192:
184:
163:
153:
146:
135:
106:
89:
57:
45:
30:
2878:The Arab Studies Journal
2872:Haugbolle, Sune (2016).
2598:sonicdictionary.duke.edu
1658:
1519:Al Iswara (The Bracelet)
1289:The Guardian of the Keys
1279:People Made out of Paper
1024:Performances and persona
839:, was released in 2002.
748:The Very Best of Fairuz,
432:Odeon of Herodes Atticus
3536:"Fairuz wows Amsterdam"
2852:Encyclopedia Britannica
2827:Encyclopedia Britannica
2472:Encyclopedia Britannica
2111:Boulos, Sargon (1981).
1499:(The Guard's Daughter)
1219:The Days of Fakhreddine
509:faith, and worked as a
388:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
4076:Virgin Records artists
1443:(English translation)
1411:first awarded her the
693:
614:
554:
505:was a Lebanese of the
462:
376:King Hussein of Jordan
3488:The Los Angeles Times
2963:on December 20, 2008.
2511:10.4324/9780203939321
2336:أبو فخر, صقر (2007),
2305:(November 30, 2005).
1578:(who has worked with
1463:(The Rings Salesman)
1169:The Girl from Baalbek
903:2008 Damascus concert
691:
612:
544:
522:Lebanese Conservatory
460:
3678:. November 22, 2015.
3272:. January 28, 2008.
3135:, September 22, 2017
3111:on November 16, 2017
3105:"Fairouz | Aghanyna"
3028:Wala Keef by Fairouz
2802:www.antiwarsongs.org
2770:"Fairuz - her music"
2745:"Fairuz - Biography"
2538:"Fairuz - her music"
2258:on November 30, 2020
2051:. November 21, 2016.
2010:libraries.aub.edu.lb
1952:. November 21, 2019.
1259:Long Live, Long Live
1046:United Arab Emirates
932:Damascus Declaration
844:Damascus Opera House
725:Du côté de chez Fred
643:United Arab Emirates
4121:Lebanese guitarists
4086:Singers from Beirut
4046:EMI Records artists
3763:. February 7, 2008.
3612:. November 22, 2015
3586:. September 1, 2020
3463:. December 21, 2013
2981:. November 21, 2019
2935:. Open Road Media.
2916:Lyricstranslate.com
2604:on October 22, 2020
2574:. November 23, 2017
2215:. February 8, 2009.
2143:on October 15, 2018
1820:The Washington Post
1765:on October 29, 2018
1434:
1401:François Mitterrand
1285:Natourit al Mafatih
1269:Did you sleep well?
733:Frédéric Mitterrand
692:Fairuz in the 1970s
396:Royal Festival Hall
263:Nouhad Wadie Haddad
232:Fayrouz Productions
3991:The New York Times
3742:The New York Times
3715:. August 31, 2020.
3215:on August 20, 2020
2632:The New York Times
2372:The New York Times
2074:on 23 January 2010
1926:. December 7, 2023
1589:in 1994, entitled
1551:Fairuz discography
1433:Film performances
1432:
1385:The New York Times
1375:Lebanese Civil War
1353:Al 'Urs fi l’Qarya
1281: – 1971–1972)
1241: – 1968–1969)
1195:Al Layl wal Qandil
1179:Bridge of the Moon
1155:Al 'Urs fi l’Qarya
956:Houari Boumedienne
702:Lebanese Civil War
694:
615:
555:
481:. Her mother Lisa
471:Maronite Christian
463:
445:, performed in 20
317:[fajˈruːz]
282:Nuhād Wadīʿ Ḥaddād
197:Fairuz discography
3988:(2006 article in
3780:Independent.co.uk
3241:. August 31, 2020
3006:Los Angeles Times
2774:almashriq.hiof.no
2749:almashriq.hiof.no
2696:The Brooklyn Rail
2542:almashriq.hiof.no
2520:978-0-203-93932-1
2349:978-9953-36-946-4
1648:Zahrat al-Mada'en
1508:
1507:
1460:Biya' Al Khawatem
1363:Honors and awards
1323: – 1977–1978
1315:The Deer's Meadow
1229:Hala and the King
1215:Ayyam Fakhreddine
1205:Biyya'el Khawatem
1127:Nasri Shamseddine
1121:musical theatre.
1108:when she married
945:March 14 Alliance
513:in a print shop.
305:
279:
260:
259:
72:November 21, 1934
4133:
4126:Women guitarists
3977:
3976:
3974:Official website
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3948:Folkways Records
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3896:fairuzonline.com
3888:
3882:
3881:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3783:. July 27, 2006.
3771:
3765:
3764:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:on June 28, 2011
3544:. Archived from
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3453:
3447:
3446:
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3430:
3421:
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3416:
3404:
3398:
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3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3295:
3289:
3288:
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3251:
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3248:
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3231:
3225:
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3220:
3205:
3199:
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3194:
3178:
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3169:
3167:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3107:. Archived from
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3038:
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3023:
3017:
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2997:
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2860:
2858:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2798:"Fairuz / فيروز"
2794:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2735:
2734:
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2716:
2707:
2706:
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2702:
2687:
2681:
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2678:
2676:
2662:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2600:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2496:
2483:
2482:
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2478:
2464:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2365:(May 18, 1999).
2363:Neil Macfarquhar
2359:
2353:
2352:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2313:. Archived from
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2169:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2139:. Archived from
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2070:. Archived from
2059:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1924:Messy Nessy Chic
1916:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1840:. July 29, 2010.
1830:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1795:on April 4, 2019
1791:. Archived from
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1702:
1683:
1669:
1638:Rahbani brothers
1627:
1625:Biography portal
1622:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1587:Folkways Records
1560:Rahbani brothers
1451:
1435:
1431:
1413:Legion of Honour
1403:awarded her the
1249:Sawwan Mountains
1116:Theatrical works
1016:, the leader of
1014:Hassan Nasrallah
911:, leader of the
892:Beirut explosion
574:Rahbani brothers
518:Mohammed Flayfel
499:Eastern Orthodox
326:Cedar of Lebanon
319:
314:
310:
304:romanized:
303:
301:
293:
288:
284:
274:
272:
249:
246:
229:Voix de l'Orient
205:
156:
129:
127:
75:
71:
69:
50:
40:
39:
38:
28:
27:
18:Mohammed Fairouz
4141:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4016:
4015:
4000:discography at
3972:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3926:
3924:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3630:
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3615:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3549:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3492:
3490:
3480:
3476:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3379:
3375:
3362:
3360:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3280:
3262:
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3162:. June 21, 2017
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2296:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2176:
2172:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1858:on July 7, 2009
1850:
1849:
1845:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1755:"المطربة فيروز"
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
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1704:
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1670:
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1616:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1576:Riad Al Sunbati
1553:
1547:
1513:
1498:
1482:(Mobilization)
1481:
1462:
1442:
1430:
1425:
1394:The Independent
1371:
1365:
1349:Days of Harvest
1345:Ayyam al Hassad
1275:Nass min Wara'
1245:Jibal Al Sawwan
1185:Awdet el 'Askar
1149:Days of Harvest
1145:Ayyam al Hassad
1118:
1106:Greek Orthodoxy
1102:Syriac Orthodox
1090:
1026:
1002:
969:Casino du Liban
964:
949:Mansour Rahbani
905:
900:
888:Emmanuel Macron
786:MGM Grand Arena
768:Martyr's Square
760:
714:
607:
594:Camille Chamoun
586:
539:
534:
507:Syriac Orthodox
455:
341:Camille Chamoun
312:
286:
256:
243:
235:
203:
180:
154:
131:
123:
119:
116:
115:
113:Assi El Rahbani
102:
85:
76:
73:
67:
65:
64:
63:
53:
41:
34:
33:
24:
23:Lebanese singer
21:
12:
11:
5:
4139:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4014:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3983:
3978:
3967:
3966:External links
3964:
3962:
3961:
3934:
3908:
3883:
3865:
3839:
3811:
3799:www.aub.edu.lb
3786:
3766:
3761:News.bbc.co.uk
3748:
3727:
3725:goo.gl/376cJk
3718:
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3461:The Daily Star
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3031:, January 2002
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2884:(1): 168–190.
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2328:
2317:on May 9, 2013
2303:Atallah, Samir
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2231:en.majalla.com
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1611:Lebanon portal
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1171:) – 1961)
1165:Al Ba'albakiya
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1114:
1089:
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1004:Fairuz's son,
1001:
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909:Walid Jumblatt
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746:Her first CD,
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603:
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559:Halim el Roumi
538:
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479:Ottoman Empire
461:Fairuz in 1945
454:
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408:Lincoln Center
271:نهاد وديع حداد
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176:Lebanese music
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159:Fairuz (فيروز)
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148:Musical career
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2996:
2985:September 21,
2980:
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2505:. Routledge.
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2213:The Telegraph
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2191:9781858286358
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2019:
2011:
2007:
2001:
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1968:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1888:September 28,
1884:
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1682:
1678:
1674:
1671:also spelled
1668:
1664:
1654:
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1646:
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1643:Wadih El Safi
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
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1592:
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1397:
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1370:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1317: – 1975)
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301: – 1973)
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291: – 1972)
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261: – 1970)
1260:
1256:
1255:Ya'ich Ya'ich
1253:
1251: – 1969)
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231: – 1967)
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221: – 1966)
1220:
1216:
1213:
1211: – 1964)
1210:
1209:Ring Salesman
1206:
1203:
1201: – 1963)
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191: – 1962)
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181: – 1962)
1180:
1176:
1175:Jisr el Amar]
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161: – 1959)
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151: – 1957)
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:Wadih El Safi
1128:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:Personal life
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
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1043:
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1021:
1019:
1015:
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1007:
997:
995:
994:
989:
988:
983:
978:
977:Ilham Chahine
974:
970:
959:
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952:
950:
946:
942:
941:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
898:Controversies
895:
893:
889:
884:
881:
876:
874:
873:
872:Eh... Fi Amal
867:
865:
864:Sami Moubayed
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
758:1990s–present
755:
753:
752:Khalil Gibran
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
719:
709:
707:
703:
698:
690:
686:
684:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Arab-American
619:
611:
602:
599:
595:
591:
581:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
552:
549:, Fairuz and
548:
543:
529:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:Mount Lebanon
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
459:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:Carnegie Hall
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:, the French
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:chorus member
329:
327:
323:
318:
309:
297:
292:
283:
277:
268:
264:
252:
248:
242:
238:
231:
228:
226:
223:
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215:
211:
207:
201:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
166:
162:
158:
155:Also known as
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:4, including
138:
134:
114:
109:
105:
98:
95:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:Zuqaq al-Blat
74:(age 89)
60:
56:
49:
44:
29:
26:
19:
3989:
3954:February 13,
3952:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3927:December 14,
3925:. Retrieved
3921:
3911:
3901:November 10,
3899:. Retrieved
3895:
3886:
3878:elCinema.com
3877:
3868:
3858:February 14,
3856:. Retrieved
3852:
3842:
3832:February 13,
3830:. Retrieved
3823:
3814:
3804:December 14,
3802:. Retrieved
3798:
3789:
3778:
3769:
3760:
3751:
3740:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3695:The Guardian
3694:
3684:
3670:
3662:The Guardian
3661:
3651:
3641:December 13,
3639:. Retrieved
3635:
3626:
3616:December 13,
3614:. Retrieved
3609:
3600:
3590:December 12,
3588:. Retrieved
3583:
3557:
3550:. Retrieved
3546:the original
3539:
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3515:. Al Arabiya
3491:. Retrieved
3487:
3477:
3465:. Retrieved
3460:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3437:. Al-Monitor
3413:. Retrieved
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3387:The Guardian
3386:
3376:
3368:
3361:. Retrieved
3357:The National
3355:
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3329:
3319:
3309:December 13,
3307:. Retrieved
3303:
3293:
3283:December 14,
3281:. Retrieved
3267:
3245:November 10,
3243:. Retrieved
3238:
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3060:January 31,
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2282:aljadid.com
2147:October 14,
2121:January 14,
1989:MTV Lebanon
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1580:Umm Kulthum
1568:Zaki Nassif
1545:Discography
1423:Filmography
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2572:EgyptToday
2078:14 January
1690:References
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1265:Sah Ennawm
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3278:0882-7729
2890:1083-4753
2640:0362-4331
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