Faisal I of Iraq - Knowledge

1120: 1458: 1237: 1469: 1408: 802:. Once Arab states were granted autonomy from the European powers, years after the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement, and these new Arab nations were recognized by the Europeans, Weizmann argued that since the fulfillment was kept eventually, the agreement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine still held. In truth, however, this hoped-for partnership had little chance of success and was a dead letter by late 1920. Faisal had hoped that Zionist influence on British policy would be sufficient to forestall French designs on Syria, but Zionist influence could never compete with French interests. At the same time Faisal failed to enlist significant sympathy among his Arab elite supporters for the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, even under loose Arab suzerainty. 7123: 7216: 1085: 1369: 1395:

Sir Hubert Young on 7 December 1929, Faisal accepted the Balfour Declaration, but only in the most minimal sense in that the declaration had promised a "Jewish national home". Faisal stated he was willing to accept the Palestine Mandate as a "Jewish national home" to which Jews fleeing persecution around the world might go, but he was adamant that there be no Jewish state. Faisal argued that the best solution was for Britain to grant independence to Palestine, which would be united in a federation led by his brother, the Emir Abdullah of Trans-Jordan, which would allow for a Jewish "national home" under his sovereignty.

1359:

ethnicity. an ignorant Shiite majority that belongs to the same ethnicity of the government, but the persecutions that had befallen them as a result of Turkish rule, which did not enable them to take part in governance and exercise it, drove a deep wedge between the Arab people divided into these two sects. Unfortunately, all of this made this majority, or the persons who harbor special aspirations, the religious among them, the seekers of posts without qualification, and those who did not benefit materially from the new rule, to pretend that they are still being persecuted because they are Shiites.

7081: 1108:. In Iraq, a majority of the Arabs were Shi'i Muslims who had not responded to the call for Sharif Hussein to join the "Great Arab Revolt" as the Sharif was a considered a Sunni Muslim from the Hejaz, thus making him a double outsider. Rather than risk the wrath of the Ottomans on behalf of an outsider like Hussein, the Shi'i Muslims of Iraq had ignored the Great Arab Revolt. In the Ottoman Empire, the state religion was Sunni Islam and the Shi'i Muslim had been marginalized for their religion, making the Shia population poorer and less educated than the Sunni population. 937: 5699: 5559: 5459: 5436: 5307: 5284: 5140: 5117: 5092: 4954: 1280:" which was published in several newspapers. This would cause a large outcry in the city which reached Faisal's attention. Faisal would confront al-Jawahiri reportedly saying "Are you aware of the calls and cables I have received that all say that this is the work of your "son, Muhammad," who works under your auspices and protections? And do you know how much grief this has caused me?" In response, al-Jawahiri apologized and offered to resign, but Faisal decided to forgive al-Jawahiri and decided to keep him in his royal court. 607:, a junior British intelligence officer from Cairo. Lawrence, who envisioned an independent post-war Arabian state, sought the right man to lead the Hashemite forces and achieve this. In 1916–18, Faisal headed the Northern Army of the rebellion that confronted the Ottomans in what was to later become western Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria. In 1917, Faisal, desiring an empire for himself instead of conquering one for his father, attempted to negotiate an arrangement with the Ottomans under which he would rule the Ottoman 50: 572: 771: 8141: 831: 5685: 705: 1112: 634:, Lawrence sought to put the best gloss on Faisal's double-dealing as it would contradict the image he was seeking to promote of Faisal as a faithful friend of the Allies betrayed by the British and the French, claiming that Faisal was only seeking to divide the "nationalist" and "Islamist" factions in the ruling 1441:

Christians. The British government demanded that Faisal stay in Baghdad to punish the guilty, whether Christian or Muslim. In response, Faisal cabled to the Iraqi Legation in London: "Although everything is normal now in Iraq, and in spite of my broken health, I shall await the arrival of Sir Francis

1394:

In 1929, when bloody rioting broke out in Jerusalem between the Arab and Jewish communities, Faisal was highly supportive of the Arab position and pressured the British for a pro-Arab solution of the Palestine crisis. In a memo stating his views on Palestine submitted to the British high commissioner

1219:. Faisal's schemes for a greater Iraqi-Syrian state under his leadership attracted much opposition from Turkey, which preferred to deal with two weak neighbors instead of one strong one, and from King Fuad of Egypt and Ibn' Saud, who both saw themselves as the rightful leaders of the Arab world. When 1210:

as an obstacle to his pan-Arab views, although it provided Iraq with a degree of political independence. He wanted to make sure that the treaty had a built-in end date because the treaty further divided Syria and Iraq, the former which was under French control, and the latter under British rule. This

1202:

power in Damascus. The French consulted Faisal because they were inspired by his success as an imposed leader in Iraq. As it turned out, the French were merely playing Faisal along as they wished to give him the impression that he might be restored as king of Syria to dissuade him from supporting the

963:

In 1920, Iraqis gathered in sociable meetings in coffeehouses and tents during the winter of 1920 to discuss which form of government and leader the new Iraqi state should have. The British government, mandate holders in Iraq, were concerned at the unrest in the colony. They decided to step back from

1193:

against French rule in Syria, Faisal was not particularly supportive of the rebels partly because of British pressure, partly because of his own cautious nature, and mainly because he had reason to believe that the French were interested in installing a Hashemite to govern Syria on their behalf. In

980:, he successfully campaigned among the Arabs of Iraq and won over the popular support of the minority Sunni. However, the Shia majority were at first lukewarm about Faisal, and his appearance at the port of Basra was met with indifference. From 23 April to 8 May 1921, Iraqis including most notably 1099:

that envisioned ultimately bringing the French mandates of Syria and Lebanon together with the British mandate of Palestine under his rule. Faisal was keenly aware that his power-base was with the Sunni Muslim Arabs of Iraq, who comprised a significant minority. By contrast, if Syria, Lebanon and

1380:

Faisal encouraged an influx of Syrian exiles and office-seekers to cultivate better Iraqi-Syrian relations. In order to improve education in the country Faisal employed doctors and teachers in the civil service and appointed Syrian Arab nationalist Sati' al-Husri, the ex-Minister of Education in

1358:

Iraq is a kingdom ruled by a Sunni Arab government founded on the wreckage of Ottoman rule. This government rules over a Kurdish segment, the majority of which is ignorant, that includes persons with personal ambitions who lead it to abandon it under the pretext that it does not belong to their

1311:

Faisal had great tolerance for Shi'i Muslims and was a component of inter-faith. Faisal's main link with the community was the Sayyid Muhammad al-Sadr, who was one of the only people who could enter the king's prescience without further notice. Faisal always wanted to remind Shi'i Muslims of his

1275:

However, the poets had also caused Faisal trouble in the matter of education. An example was when Faisal opened the first girls' school in Najaf and received backlash from the conservative groups in the traditionalist city. In response during the opening occasions, al-Jawahiri, who was a Najafi

1398:

Faisal argued that what was needed was a compromise under which the Palestinians would give up their opposition to Jewish immigration to Palestine in exchange for which the Zionists would give up their plans to one day create a Jewish state in the Holy Land. Faisal's preferred solution to the

975:

because of his apparent conciliatory attitude towards the Great Powers and based on advice from T. E. Lawrence (more commonly known as Lawrence of Arabia). But, in 1921, few people living in Iraq even knew who Faisal was or had ever heard his name. With help of British officials, including

1248:

When Faisal first came to Iraq, he was a stranger to the cultural and social life. Due to this, throughout his reign, he tried his best to immerse himself in understanding the ways of his new country. A few weeks after he arrived in Iraq, he was greeted by the respected Islamic scholar

1272:, he regularly toured Baghdadi schools, including Christian and Jewish, and inspected their conditions as part of his agenda. He met with several teachers, both male and female, to motivate them to work as he considered teachers to be more significant than a king's or minister's work. 1100:

Palestine were incorporated into his realm, then the Sunni Muslim Arabs would comprise the majority of his subjects, making the Arab Shi'i Muslim and the ethnic Kurds of Iraq into minorities. Furthermore, the Arab Shi'i Muslims of Iraq at the time had traditionally looked towards

1143:

Faisal himself was a tolerant man, proclaiming himself a friend of the Shi'i Muslim, Kurdish and Jewish communities in his realm, and in 1928 criticized the policy of some of his ministers of seeking to fire all Jewish Iraqis from the civil service, but his policy of promoting

1385:

as the "golden age" of the Arabs together with the highly dismissive remarks about Ali gave great offense in the Shi'i Muslim community in Iraq, prompting protests and leading Faisal to withdraw the offending textbooks in 1927 and again in 1933 when they were reissued.

1253:, and met with several educated Iraqis to learn of their perspectives and conditions. Even becoming a patron in several clubs such as the 1920s Baghdadi "Irshad Club." Faisal started a tradition of receiving several writers and poets regularly. Among these poets was 654:

on 21 March 1918, which appeared for a time to foreordain the defeat of the Allies, Faisal again contacted Djemal Pasha asking for peace provided that he be allowed to rule Syria as an Ottoman vassal, which Djemal, confident of victory, declined to consider. After a

1227:

if he was interested in joining the "Arab Alliance" under Faisal's leadership, the Imam replied with a confused look what would be the purpose of the "Arab Alliance" and to please explain the meaning of the phrase "Arab World", which he was unfamiliar with.

1381:

Damascus, as his director of the Ministry of Education. This influx resulted in much native resentment towards Syrians and Lebanese in Iraq. The tendency of the Syrian emigres in the education ministry to write and issue school textbooks glorying the

642:

and his wife Inari wrote that the veracity of Lawrence's account is open to question given that the major dispute within the CUP was not between the Islamist Djemal Pasha and the nationalist Mustafa Kemal as claimed by Lawrence, but rather between

964:

direct administration and create a monarchy to head Iraq while they maintained the mandate. The idea was to set up a native leader who would be popular among the Iraqi people while still maintaining close relations with the British government.

1236: 554:

and met with representatives of the Arab secret societies al-Fatat and Al-'Ahd. After visiting Constantinople Faisal returned to Mecca via Damascus where he again met with the Arab secret societies, received the

8215: 1155:("patriotism" or in this case Iraqiness) with being Arab marginalized the Kurds who feared that they had no place in an Arab-dominated Iraq, indeed in a state that equated being Iraqi with being Arab. 625:

to subcontract ruling part of the Ottoman Empire to Faisal kept him loyal to his father when it finally dawned on him that the Ottomans were just trying to divide and conquer the Hashemite forces.

1449:

and the increased Jewish immigration to Palestine, as the Arab political, social, and economic situation was declining. He asked the British to limit Jewish immigration and land purchases.

1354:

In March 1932, just months before independence, Faisal wrote a memorandum where he criticized the Iraqi people's lack of Iraqi national identity in the newly established country, writing:

752:. With the end of Turkish rule that October, Faisal helped set up an Arab government, under British protection, in Arab controlled Greater Syria. In May 1919, elections were held for the 1064:

was southern Iraq. Given this background, there was no sense of Iraqi nationalism or even Iraqi national identity when Faisal took his throne. Anecdotally, the band present played

1151:

to further his personal and dynastic ambitions proved to be a disruptive force in Iraq as it drew a wedge between the Arab and Kurdish communities. Faisal's policy of equating

687:. However, the accuracy of that book, not least the importance given by the author to his own contribution during the Revolt, has been criticized by some historians, including 8220: 1399:"Palestine Question", which he admitted might not be practical at the moment, was for a federation that would unite Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine under his leadership. 8205: 1119: 550:

in December 1914, Faisal's father sent him on a mission to Constantinople to discuss the Ottomans' request for Arab participation in the war. Along the way Faisal visited

6054:

The Implementation of the Balfour Declaration and the British Mandate in Palestine: problems of conquest and colonisation at the nadir of British Imperialism (1917-1936)

1304:

for Friday Prayers, which was decided to be the main Friday Prayers mosque. Faisal has also ordered the reconstruction of Sufi shrines in Mosul such as the tekke of the

1324:. Throughout his reign, especially in his early days, Faisal had wanted to increase the prescience of Shi'i Muslims in administrations. Example being the hiring of 1457: 1044:

showing 96% in favor, Faisal agreed to become king. On 23 August 1921, he was made king of Iraq. Iraq was a new entity created out of the former Ottoman

984:

would send telegrams to Faisal, inviting him to Iraq as its prospective king. Between May and June, Faisal sent representatives to confirm his election.

1014:, were either disappointed or hostile which shocked Faisal. Despite this, the Mayor of Baghdad at the time sent a telegram to greet Faisal. The city of 7900: 7122: 8185: 1297: 679:

in October 1918. Faisal became part of a new Arab government at Damascus, formed after the capture of that city in 1918. Emir Faisal's role in the

6035: 6006: 1445:

In July 1933, right before his death, Faisal went to London where he expressed his alarm at the current situation of Arabs that resulted from the

1018:

also welcomed him. When Faisal arrived in Baghdad on 26 June, he was widely welcomed by Baghdadis. The next day, an ovation was given to him in

6794: 1599: 7930: 7377: 6768: 8245: 8210: 1215:

in Iraq had a positive reception to the treaty because they saw this as progress, which seemed better than the Arab situation in Syria and

5825: 1002:. Faisal's arrival was met with a mixed response, while most Iraqis welcomed him in large numbers and groups, some people, especially the 8295: 1178:. This also led to an increase in Iraq's desire for more influence in the Arab East. During his reign, Faisal made great effort to build 1292:

as it helped him meet with the public Iraqi people more. Faisal was noticeably unaffected by sectarian considerations, and was noted by

7885: 7313: 6105: 6818: 7880: 1468: 1268:

Another group that Faisal held greatly were teachers as he saw them as important figures to encourage and cultivate. Accompanied by

8265: 8190: 8010: 7940: 7905: 8285: 7870: 7168: 7059: 6844: 7382: 1580: 1442:

Humphrys in Bagdad, but there is no reason for further anxiety. Inform the British Government of the contents of my telegram."

1407: 540: 449: 817:, a letter from Faisal which stated his opposition to the Balfour proposal to establish a homeland for the Jews in Palestine. 6751: 6601: 7508: 7548: 6871: 1637: 491:. In 1932, he presided over the independence of Iraq upon the end of the British Mandate and the country's entry into the 7920: 7865: 1296:

to have a faith that reflected all Islamic dominations, which made him respect, and be tolerant to all world religions.

8290: 8240: 7860: 1604: 1531: 8280: 8275: 8002: 7925: 6640: 6535: 5861: 1033: 908: 870: 848: 621:

had disillusioned him in the Allies and he now wanted to work with his fellow Muslims. Only the unwillingness of the

457: 7080: 1415:

In 1932, the British mandate ended and Faisal was instrumental in making his country independent. On 3 October, the

1328:

in the Baghdadi Law College, accepting qualifications of Shi'i Muslim-based schools, help fund the commemorating of

8195: 7790: 7782: 7446: 4958: 2003: 1484:, Switzerland. He was 48 years old at the time of his death. Faisal was succeeded on the throne by his eldest son, 1104:

for leadership, and the rallying cry of Pan-Arabism might unite the Arab Sunnis and Shi'a around a common sense of

617:

declaring his willingness to defect to the Ottoman side provided they would give him an empire to rule, saying the

524: 1308:. Faisal also met with leaders of smaller religious communities such as chief Rabbis from both Baghdad and Mosul. 8200: 5649: 635: 7528: 1203:

Syrian rebels, and once they crushed the Syrian revolt, they lost interest in having a Hashemite rule in Syria.

8250: 7950: 7712: 7306: 7185: 952: 852: 790:, signed the Faisal–Weizmann Agreement for Arab-Jewish Cooperation, in which Faisal conditionally accepted the 713: 580: 425: 356: 1257:, who wrote poems praising the King. Another poet that Faisal received and made a part of his royal court was 1211:

prevented unity between two major Arab regions, which were important in Faisal's pan-Arab agenda. Ironically,

5712: 1881: 1186:

in order to achieve this, but this failed. Some see this as part of his plan to advance his pan-Arab agenda.

1084: 765: 7518: 7498: 7478: 8230: 7895: 7855: 7845: 7394: 4792: 1899: 7411: 7215: 1500: 1368: 1276:

himself, wrote scathing lines criticizing the conservative nature of the city's people in his poem named "

8255: 8020: 7850: 7840: 7161: 7052: 6867: 1224: 6031: 6010: 535:

and learned about leadership from his father. In 1913, he was elected as representative for the city of

8260: 7991: 7984: 7915: 7594: 7356: 5722: 1594: 1258: 1174:

oilfield and eventually to his plan to build an oil pipeline to a Mediterranean port, which would help

799: 787: 111: 8144: 7945: 7835: 7732: 7421: 7399: 7299: 5558: 5458: 5435: 5306: 5283: 5139: 5116: 5091: 4953: 1566: 1446: 1207: 618: 6802: 1198:, the French government began consulting Faisal on Syrian matters. He advised the French to restore 936: 8300: 8225: 7453: 5481: 5329: 3640: 1630: 753: 600: 453: 107: 17: 6778: 1373: 8180: 8106: 8025: 7810: 6957: 6924: 5717: 5165: 1525: 1515:

and had with her one son and three daughters, and to Latifa bint Hamed and had with her one son.

968: 884: 841: 630: 468: 414: 302: 149: 6705:

Simon, Reeva S. (June 1974). "The Hashemite 'Conspiracy': Hashemite Unity Attempts, 1921–1958".

8235: 7533: 7154: 7045: 6825: 5656: 1250: 1128: 532: 440:. From 1916 to 1918, with British assistance, he played a major role in the revolt against the 92: 5888: 8091: 7825: 7820: 7697: 7677: 7488: 7458: 7068: 7010: 6964: 6052: 5804: 5563: 1519: 904: 888: 737: 668: 547: 528: 418: 297: 139: 8270: 8170: 8165: 8126: 8096: 8056: 8051: 7955: 7830: 7667: 5737: 5121: 3985: 3466: 1695: 1124: 1037: 576: 265: 199: 49: 8: 8116: 7473: 7406: 4327: 3727: 1623: 1512: 1254: 1195: 1190: 1136: 1023: 900: 814: 806: 791: 749: 742: 487:

in the goal of creating an Arab state that would include Iraq, Syria and the rest of the

280: 1179: 998:

on the RIMS Northbrook, and on 23 June, Faisal first landed in Iraq on the main port of

8175: 8121: 8101: 8061: 7977: 7960: 7935: 7742: 7553: 7543: 7523: 7493: 7468: 7266: 6943: 6730: 6722: 6686: 5987: 5893: 5727: 2168: 2091: 1216: 1073: 995: 948: 916: 7737: 1499:, where an equestrian statue of him stands. The statue was knocked down following the 8081: 7772: 7707: 7622: 7602: 7261: 7240: 6848: 6747: 6734: 6678: 6657: 6636: 6597: 6531: 6147:"Letters from Baghdad" documentary (2016) Directors: Sabine Krayenbühl, Zeva Oelbaum. 6061: 5979: 5857: 5440: 3899: 1431: 1382: 1336: 1325: 1262: 1065: 941: 912: 651: 556: 492: 461: 289: 123: 8015: 7722: 7657: 7652: 7627: 7436: 7322: 7205: 7110: 6714: 5826:

IRAQ – Resurgence In The Shiite World – Part 8 – Jordan & The Hashemite Factors

5747: 5150: 5103: 4968: 3305: 1585: 1434: 1427: 1212: 1148: 1096: 896: 613:

of Syria and Mosul as an Ottoman vassal. In December 1917 Faisal contacted General

488: 203: 119: 6032:

Official records of the Second Session of the General Assembly (A/364/Add.2 PV.21)

1029:

Faisal became a candidate for King of Iraq alongside other candidates such as the

8066: 8035: 8030: 7875: 7815: 7762: 7692: 7672: 7647: 7637: 7538: 7416: 6863: 6773: 6525: 6496: 6039: 5698: 5470: 5336: 5318: 5288: 5270: 5263: 5172: 5154: 4964: 4799: 4334: 4248: 4163: 4076: 3992: 3906: 3820: 3813: 3734: 3647: 3560: 3473: 3312: 2248: 1778: 1438: 1423: 1416: 1301: 1175: 1069: 1053: 656: 429: 386: 127: 115: 8071: 7910: 7805: 7800: 7767: 7757: 7747: 7717: 7642: 7632: 7513: 7441: 7336: 7135: 6651: 6626: 6615: 6611: 6591: 6101: 5851: 5570: 5447: 5295: 5128: 1541: 1300:, a young writer, recounted how Faisal would pull up in the Arab attire to the 972: 956: 892: 795: 783: 775: 725: 672: 604: 592: 588: 516: 472: 441: 237: 6718: 6661: 6065: 940:

Coronation of Faisal as King of Iraq. Faisal seated, to his right are British

571: 475:

under British administration. During his reign, Faisal fostered unity between

8159: 8076: 7702: 7682: 7617: 7569: 7483: 7230: 7095: 7029: 6974: 6939: 6682: 5983: 5742: 5311: 4156: 2161: 1589: 1571: 1537: 1485: 1321: 1289: 1269: 1105: 1049: 977: 717: 688: 500: 310: 233: 85: 8111: 7752: 7612: 7607: 7463: 7389: 7341: 6656:. University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science). 6628:

Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789-1923

6521: 5732: 5096: 3553: 1545: 1492: 1317: 1293: 1220: 1183: 981: 810: 770: 664: 639: 622: 614: 584: 520: 398: 135: 131: 57: 6509: 7727: 7584: 7431: 7426: 7372: 7351: 7235: 7105: 6917: 6558: 5704: 5690: 1472:

Crowd mourning King Faisal gather in front of the municipality street in

1348: 1145: 1093: 919:

on 24 July 1920, the French were victorious and Faisal was expelled from

680: 644: 484: 410: 406: 374: 5991: 5967: 5771: 7662: 7579: 7574: 7503: 7278: 6690: 6670: 6653:

Government and administration of Iraq: A study in political development

6587: 1646: 1561: 1041: 855: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 798:, promising British support to the development of a Jewish homeland in 402: 6726: 971:, the British decided that Faisal was a good candidate for ruling the 8216:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George

7346: 7256: 7100: 6982: 6885: 6632: 6444: 5968:"Faisal Ibn Husain and the Zionists: A Re-examination with Documents" 5463: 1344: 1333: 1199: 1132: 1019: 944: 346: 269: 6060:. University of Surrey, School of Arts and Humanities. p. 178. 830: 499:, Switzerland, at the age of 48 and was succeeded by his eldest son 8086: 7795: 7291: 6198:"VI. King Faisal I - First Issue, 1927 & 1932 - rezonville.com" 1996: 1426:

caused tension between the United Kingdom and Iraq. Prime Minister

1329: 1305: 1163: 745: 676: 609: 560: 551: 445: 437: 6197: 1540:, born 1912 died 4 April 1939, married his first cousin, Princess 2110: 1496: 1462: 1340: 1159: 1011: 794:, an official declaration on behalf of the British government by 721: 341: 7146: 7037: 6007:"Official records of the Second Session of the General Assembly" 704: 6441:

Sectarianism in Iraq: The Making of State and Nation Since 1920

1241: 1030: 1015: 988: 660: 536: 480: 1111: 951:, to his left commander-in-chief of all British troops in the 546:

Following the Ottoman Empire's declaration of war against the

7890: 6244: 6242: 1473: 1343:

to strengthen his position. Reportedly, Faisal once told Sir

1171: 1167: 1007: 1003: 999: 920: 512: 476: 433: 401:

from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933. A member of the

229: 6131: 6129: 5949: 5947: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5853:

Historical dictionary of United States-Middle East relations

467:

In August 1921, in accordance with the decision made at the

421:

from March to July 1920 when he was expelled by the French.

1560:

Faisal has been portrayed on film at least three times: in

1481: 1339:

who was a friend of Sharif Hussein, and visiting Najaf and

1101: 1060:

were usually named after their capital, and thus the Basra

716:

and, with the support of the knowledgeable and influential

496: 253: 6477: 6465: 6299: 6239: 6227: 6177: 5828:, APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map, 14 February 2005 1480:

King Faisal died of a heart attack on 8 September 1933 in

566: 6455: 6453: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6217: 6215: 6167: 6165: 6126: 6116: 6114: 5944: 5927: 2084: 1411:

King Faisal I of Iraq and King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia

1313: 992: 595:, unknown member of his delegation, Captain Tahsin Kadry. 456:

proclaimed Faisal king, rejecting the French claim to a

444:. He helped set up an Arab government in Syria, based in 6363: 6361: 6348: 6346: 6333: 6331: 6318: 6316: 6314: 5915: 1320:

according to the Islamic Calendar, which coincided with

724:

for the predominantly Arab areas previously held by the

6450: 6278: 6266: 6254: 6212: 6162: 6150: 6111: 5912:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006 pages 137–138 667:

and looted the city. Emir Faisal also worked with the

471:, the British arranged for Faisal to become king of a 8221:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

6421: 6409: 6397: 6385: 6373: 6358: 6343: 6328: 6311: 5870: 6746:(3 ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. 5680: 712:

In 1919, Emir Faisal led the Arab delegation to the

699: 464:, abolished the kingdom and forced him into exile. 8206:

Grand Cordons of the Order of Independence (Jordan)

1437:to Iraq immediately upon hearing of the killing of 720:, argued for the establishment of independent Arab 7901:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 1283: 1231: 5831: 395:Fayṣal al-Awwal bin al-Ḥusayn bin ʻAlī al-Hāshimī 8157: 1123:King Faisal I of Iraq and his brother then Emir 931: 895:) by the Syrian National Congress government of 6044: 1316:. Due to this, his coronation took place on 18 1261:, who was made a member after Arab Nationalist 1158:Faisal also developed desert motor routes from 6677:. Vol. 27, no. 4. pp. 679–693. 6004: 1402: 1182:into a powerful force. He attempted to impose 1010:and the tribesman of Southern Iraq, including 650:In the spring of 1918, after Germany launched 7931:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7378:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 7307: 7283:Appointed Crown Prince from 10 November 1943. 7162: 7053: 6091:. Vol. I. Jerusalem: PASSIA. p. 78. 1631: 1491:A square is named in his honor at the end of 6707:International Journal of Middle East Studies 6520: 5904: 5902: 1092:During his reign as King, Faisal encouraged 991:for Iraq alongside several Iraqi nobles and 759: 671:during World War I in their conquest of the 38: 748:in October 1918, which was followed by the 495:. Faisal died of a heart attack in 1933 in 7314: 7300: 7169: 7155: 7060: 7046: 6864:Newspaper clippings about Faisal I of Iraq 6624: 6195: 6025: 5953: 5938: 5921: 1638: 1624: 1223:visited Yemen in May 1931 to ask the Imam 383:Faisal I bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi 48: 7184:Generations are numbered by descent from 5899: 1265:falsely accused him of being an Iranian. 871:Learn how and when to remove this message 8186:20th-century monarchs in the Middle East 8011:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 7941:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 7906:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 6610: 5876: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 1506: 1467: 1456: 1406: 1367: 1235: 1118: 1110: 1083: 935: 769: 703: 570: 483:to encourage common loyalty and promote 7886:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 7871:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 6668: 6649: 6483: 6471: 6459: 6305: 6293: 6272: 6260: 6248: 6233: 6221: 6183: 6171: 6156: 6120: 5856:. Scarecrow Press, Lanham. p. 56. 5766: 5764: 5762: 883:On 7 March 1920, Faisal was proclaimed 567:World War One and the Great Arab Revolt 14: 8158: 7881:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 6586: 6427: 6415: 6403: 6391: 6379: 6367: 6352: 6337: 6322: 6135: 6106:Baghdad - City of Peace, City of Blood 6050: 5965: 5837: 1581:A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia 1170:. This led to a great interest in the 397:; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was 7295: 7150: 7041: 6741: 6704: 6086: 5786: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5479: 5477: 5456: 5454: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5327: 5325: 5304: 5302: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5163: 5161: 5137: 5135: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2108: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1605:The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones 805:Following the decisions taken by the 663:, defeating the defence organised by 448:, and led the Arab delegation at the 332:Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi 7321: 6625:Karsh, Efraim; Karsh, Inari (2022). 6596:. Yale University Press, New Haven. 5849: 5759: 1389: 1363: 853:adding citations to reliable sources 824: 8246:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire 8211:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 7921:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 6801:. 18 September 1933. Archived from 1422:In August 1933, incidents like the 782:On 4 January 1919, Emir Faisal and 694: 391:فيصل الأول بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي 390: 39: 24: 8296:Iraqi people of Circassian descent 7861:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 7383:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 6969:23 August 1921 – 8 September 1933 6698: 6051:Reagan, Bernard (1 January 2016). 5807:. britannica.com. 8 September 1933 603:in Wadi Safra, Faisal met Captain 25: 8312: 7926:Palestine Liberation Organization 7176: 7067: 6761: 1501:overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 909:Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon 756:, which met the following month. 700:Participation in peace conference 67:23 August 1921 – 8 September 1933 8140: 8139: 7866:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 7549:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7214: 7121: 7079: 6777:. 28 August 1933. Archived from 5972:The International History Review 5697: 5683: 5557: 5457: 5434: 5305: 5282: 5138: 5115: 5090: 4952: 1607:: Chapter 19 The Winds of Change 1602:. On video, he was portrayed in 829: 820: 731: 583:. Left to right: Rustum Haidar, 413:, and ruled as the unrecognized 8266:People of the Franco-Syrian War 8191:20th-century Syrian politicians 7509:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 7016:24 July 1920 – 8 September 1933 6671:"Faisal's Pan-Arabism, 1921-33" 6551: 6514: 6503: 6489: 6433: 6196:Rezonville (17 February 1931). 6189: 6141: 6095: 6080: 5998: 5959: 1284:Relations with religious groups 1232:Public relationship with Iraqis 926: 840:needs additional citations for 809:in April 1920, on 13 May 1920, 636:Committee of Union and Progress 405:family, he was a leader of the 8286:20th-century Iraqi politicians 7951:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 7713:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 7186:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 7019:Reason for succession failure: 6580: 6034:, United Nations, 8 July 1947 6005:United Nations (8 July 1947). 5882: 5843: 5819: 1574:; in the unofficial sequel to 1511:Faisal was married to Sharifa 1419:joined the League of Nations. 1351:were prepared to back him up. 638:(CUP). The Israeli historians 589:Captain Pisani (behind Faisal) 581:Paris Peace Conference of 1919 430:Grand Emir and Sharif of Mecca 357:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 27:King of Iraq from 1921 to 1933 13: 1: 5910:Islamic Imperialism A History 5753: 1072:and would not have one until 1068:, as Iraq did not yet have a 987:On 12 June 1921, Faisal left 932:Accession to the Iraqi throne 683:was described by Lawrence in 523:), in 1885, the third son of 506: 7896:Federation of Arab Republics 7856:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 7846:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 7447:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7395:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 6929:8 March 1920 – 24 July 1920 6669:Masalha, N. (October 1991). 6635:: Harvard University Press. 6527:The Modern History of Jordan 1347:that the Iraqi Shi'i Muslim 743:British and Arab forces took 575:Emir Faisal's delegation at 563:group of Arab nationalists. 159:8 March 1920 – 24 July 1920 7: 8021:Flag of the Arab Federation 7851:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 7841:Arab Socialist Action Party 6868:20th Century Press Archives 6617:The Seven Pillars of Wisdom 6087:Hardi, Mahdi Abdul (2017). 5676: 1612: 1551:Prince Mohammed bin Faisal. 1526:Princess Rajiha bint Faisal 1403:Independence and last years 1225:Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din 1115:King Faisal I in Syria 1920 10: 8317: 7992:On the Way of Resurrection 7985:The Battle for One Destiny 7916:Lebanese National Movement 7357:Third International Theory 6997:French mandate established 6936:French mandate established 5723:Timeline of Syrian history 1532:Princess Rafia bint Faisal 1288:Faisal regularly attended 1240:King Faisal I wearing the 1208:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 1184:universal military service 763: 735: 462:invaded a few months later 8291:People of the Arab Revolt 8241:Ottoman Arab nationalists 8135: 8044: 8001: 7969: 7946:Unified Political Command 7836:Arab Nationalist Movement 7781: 7733:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 7593: 7562: 7529:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 7400:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 7365: 7329: 7275: 7249: 7223: 7212: 7193: 7182: 7130: 7119: 7086: 7077: 7026: 7023:Kingdom abolished in 1920 7001: 6988: 6981: 6971: 6962: 6951: 6922: 6911: 6906: 6879: 6719:10.1017/s0020743800034966 5713:Faisal–Weizmann Agreement 5613: 5611: 5522: 5520: 5399: 5397: 5389: 5387: 5379: 5377: 5237: 5235: 5227: 5225: 5217: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4917: 4915: 4842: 4840: 4756: 4754: 4679: 4677: 4602: 4600: 4527: 4525: 4452: 4450: 4377: 4375: 4291: 4289: 4207: 4205: 4119: 4117: 4035: 4033: 3949: 3947: 3863: 3861: 3777: 3775: 3690: 3688: 3604: 3602: 3516: 3514: 3430: 3428: 3355: 3353: 3269: 3267: 3194: 3192: 3119: 3117: 3042: 3040: 2967: 2965: 2892: 2890: 2817: 2815: 2742: 2740: 2667: 2665: 2592: 2590: 2517: 2515: 2442: 2440: 2365: 2363: 2290: 2288: 2211: 2209: 2127: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2056: 2054: 2038: 2036: 1980: 1978: 1950: 1948: 1932: 1930: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1741: 1739: 1520:Princess Azza bint Faisal 1022:, where he prayed at its 766:Faisal–Weizmann Agreement 760:Faisal–Weizmann Agreement 370: 362: 352: 340: 331: 326: 322: 288: 276: 260: 243: 216: 212: 183: 173: 163: 155: 148: 91: 81: 71: 63: 56: 47: 34: 8281:20th-century Arab people 8276:19th-century Arab people 7454:1952 Egyptian revolution 6650:Ireland, Philip (1936). 6612:Lawrence, Thomas Edwards 6104:: the High Commissioner, 1609:(1995) by Anthony Zaki. 1452: 1376:during a visit to Turkey 1079: 754:Syrian National Congress 708:Kingdom of Syria in 1918 454:Syrian National Congress 108:Abd al-Rahman al-Gillani 8196:Iraqi Arab nationalists 8107:Palestinian nationalism 8026:Flag of the Arab Revolt 7519:1966 Syrian coup d'état 7499:1963 Syrian coup d'état 7479:1961 Syrian coup d'état 6742:Tripp, Charles (2007). 5718:List of Syrian monarchs 1555: 973:British Mandate of Iraq 685:Seven Pillars of Wisdom 631:Seven Pillars of Wisdom 315:Prince Mohammed of Iraq 303:Princess Rajiha of Iraq 112:Abd al-Muhsin as-Sa'dun 8201:Field marshals of Iraq 7534:1969 Libyan revolution 7412:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 6675:Middle Eastern Studies 6620:. Wordsworth Editions. 6089:Documents on Palestine 5954:Karsh & Karsh 2022 5939:Karsh & Karsh 2022 5922:Karsh & Karsh 2022 5657:Crown Prince of Jordan 1503:, but later restored. 1477: 1465: 1412: 1377: 1361: 1251:Mahmud Shukri al-Alusi 1245: 1140: 1116: 1089: 967:In March 1921, at the 960: 779: 714:Paris Peace Conference 709: 599:On 23 October 1916 at 596: 559:, and joined with the 460:. In response, France 452:in 1919. In 1920, the 450:Paris Peace Conference 307:Princess Rafia of Iraq 8251:Ottoman Sunni Muslims 8092:Jordanian nationalism 7826:Arab Islamic Republic 7821:Arab Higher Committee 7698:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 7678:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 7489:North Yemen civil war 7422:Arab–Israeli conflict 7236:Crown Prince Abdullah 7004:— TITULAR — 6845:"King Faisal of Iraq" 5966:Caplan, Neil (1983). 1507:Marriage and children 1476:, Transjordan in 1933 1471: 1460: 1410: 1371: 1356: 1239: 1196:Syrian Druze uprising 1122: 1114: 1088:King Faisal I of Iraq 1087: 939: 899:. In April 1920, the 889:Arab Kingdom of Syria 773: 738:Arab Kingdom of Syria 707: 619:Sykes–Picot agreement 574: 529:Grand Sharif of Mecca 432:, Faisal was born in 419:Arab Kingdom of Syria 366:Abdiyah bint Abdullah 298:Princess Azza of Iraq 140:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 8127:Tunisian nationalism 8097:Lebanese nationalism 8057:Egyptian nationalism 8052:Algerian nationalism 7956:United Arab Republic 7831:Arab Liberation Army 7811:Arab Ba'ath Movement 7668:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 6819:"Dreaming in Arabic" 6524:(15 December 1998). 5850:Hahn, Peter (2007). 5738:Abdullah I of Jordan 4639:Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala 1701:(eponymous ancestor) 1461:King Faisal tomb in 1447:Arab-Jewish conflict 1038:Ali Jawdat al-Ayyubi 849:improve this article 788:Zionist Organization 774:Faisal (right) with 311:King Ghazi I of Iraq 266:Iraqi Royal Cemetery 200:Rida Pasha al-Rikabi 8231:Iraqi Sunni Muslims 8117:Sahrawi nationalism 7474:1959 Mosul uprising 7407:Great Syrian Revolt 6781:on 22 November 2010 6486:, pp. 684–685. 6474:, pp. 683–684. 6308:, pp. 689–690. 6251:, pp. 690–691. 6236:, pp. 679–680. 6186:, pp. 327–328. 6138:, pp. 339–340. 1595:Queen of the Desert 1538:Ghazi, King of Iraq 1513:Huzaima bint Nasser 1191:Great Syrian Revolt 1137:Mandatory Palestine 1056:and Basra. Ottoman 982:Nuri Pasha al-Sa'id 911:, which led to the 901:San Remo conference 815:British War Cabinet 807:San Remo conference 792:Balfour Declaration 786:, President of the 750:Armistice of Mudros 675:and the capture of 657:30-month-long siege 647:and Djemal Pasha. 511:Faisal was born in 473:new Kingdom of Iraq 281:Huzaima bint Nasser 168:Military occupation 76:Military occupation 8256:People from Jeddah 8122:Syrian nationalism 8102:Libyan nationalism 8062:Greater Mauritania 7978:The Arab Awakening 7961:United Arab States 7936:Rejectionist Front 7743:Gamal Abdel Nasser 7554:Yemeni unification 7544:Lebanese Civil War 7524:17 July Revolution 7494:Ramadan Revolution 7469:14 July Revolution 7279:House of Hashemite 6983:Titles in pretence 6944:President of Syria 6851:on 25 October 2011 6038:7 May 2015 at the 5894:The Jerusalem Post 5728:Battle of Maysalun 2249:Hasan Al-Mu'thanna 1598:(2015), played by 1584:(1990), played by 1570:(1962), played by 1567:Lawrence of Arabia 1478: 1466: 1413: 1378: 1246: 1141: 1117: 1090: 1026:and was welcomed. 996:Kinahan Cornwallis 961: 955:Commander General 949:Kinahan Cornwallis 917:Battle of Maysalun 780: 710: 597: 541:Ottoman parliament 178:Monarchy abolished 8261:People from Mecca 8153: 8152: 8082:Iraqi nationalism 7773:Constantin Zureiq 7623:Abdul Rahman Arif 7603:Butrus al-Bustani 7289: 7288: 7284: 7144: 7143: 7036: 7035: 7027:Succeeded by 7006: 6998: 6994:Kingdom abolished 6972:Succeeded by 6937: 6933:Kingdom abolished 6881:Faisal I of Iraq 6831:on 2 January 2010 6805:on 9 October 2010 6795:"Death of Feisal" 6769:"Border Massacre" 6753:978-0-521-87823-4 6744:A History of Iraq 6603:978-0-300-12732-4 5671: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5337:pretender to Iraq 5173:pretender to Iraq 1546:King Ali of Hejaz 1432:High Commissioner 1390:Palestinian issue 1383:Umayyad Caliphate 1364:Foreign relations 1337:Medhi al-Khalissi 1326:Tawfiq al-Suwaidi 1278:The Reactionaries 1213:Arab nationalists 1176:Iraq economically 1166:, and Baghdad to 1066:God Save the King 942:High commissioner 913:Franco-Syrian War 881: 880: 873: 813:forwarded to the 652:Operation Michael 587:, Prince Faisal, 557:Damascus Protocol 493:League of Nations 458:Mandate for Syria 424:The third son of 407:Great Arab Revolt 380: 379: 336: 335: 284:Latifa bint Hamed 124:Tawfiq al-Suwaidi 16:(Redirected from 8308: 8143: 8142: 8016:Eagle of Saladin 7723:Amin al-Husseini 7688:Faisal I of Iraq 7658:Sultan al-Atrash 7653:Mansur al-Atrash 7628:Abdul Salam Arif 7437:War of Attrition 7323:Arab nationalism 7316: 7309: 7302: 7293: 7292: 7282: 7218: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7138: 7134: 7125: 7111:Sharaf bin Rajeh 7083: 7071: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7039: 7038: 7024: 7020: 7002: 6996: 6958:Cairo Conference 6935: 6902: 6901:September 8 1933 6895: 6877: 6876: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6847:. Archived from 6840: 6838: 6836: 6830: 6824:. Archived from 6823: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6757: 6738: 6694: 6665: 6646: 6621: 6607: 6593:Faisal I of Iraq 6575: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6565:. 1 January 2014 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6518: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6500:, 28 August 1933 6493: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6457: 6448: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6401: 6395: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6356: 6350: 6341: 6335: 6326: 6320: 6309: 6303: 6297: 6291: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6237: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6200:. Rezonville.com 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6133: 6124: 6118: 6109: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6059: 6048: 6042: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6009:. Archived from 6002: 5996: 5995: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5942: 5936: 5925: 5919: 5913: 5906: 5897: 5889:Faisal of Arabia 5886: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5867: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5805:"britannica.com" 5801: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5768: 5748:Hussein of Hejaz 5707: 5702: 5701: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5660: 5574: 5561: 5474: 5461: 5451: 5438: 5339: 5322: 5309: 5299: 5286: 5274: 5175: 5158: 5142: 5132: 5119: 5107: 5094: 4971: 4956: 4803: 4718: 4641: 4338: 4252: 4169: 4167: 4080: 3996: 3910: 3824: 3738: 3651: 3566: 3564: 3477: 3316: 3081: 2404: 2252: 2172: 2095: 2007: 1885: 1782: 1702: 1663: 1662: 1640: 1633: 1626: 1617: 1616: 1586:Alexander Siddig 1435:Francis Humphrys 1428:Ramsay MacDonald 1255:Ma'ruf al-Rusafi 1194:1925, after the 1034:Muhammad al-Sadr 969:Cairo Conference 897:Hashim al-Atassi 876: 869: 865: 862: 856: 833: 825: 695:Post World War I 531:. He grew up in 519:(in present-day 489:Fertile Crescent 469:Cairo Conference 392: 324: 323: 250: 247:8 September 1933 226: 224: 204:Hashim al-Atassi 186: 120:Yasin al-Hashimi 52: 43: 42: 41: 32: 31: 21: 8316: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8305: 8301:Sons of caliphs 8226:House of Hashim 8156: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8131: 8067:Greater Morocco 8040: 8036:Pan-Arab colors 8031:Hawk of Quraish 7997: 7965: 7816:Arab Federation 7777: 7763:Abdullah Rimawi 7738:Mostéfa Merarda 7693:Muammar Gaddafi 7673:Ahmed Ben Bella 7648:Jamal al-Atassi 7638:Bashar al-Assad 7589: 7558: 7539:Black September 7417:Anglo-Iraqi War 7361: 7325: 7320: 7290: 7285: 7281: 7271: 7245: 7219: 7210: 7189: 7178: 7175: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7117: 7084: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7032: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7007: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6977: 6968: 6960: 6955: 6934: 6928: 6920: 6915: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6886:House of Hāshim 6882: 6854: 6852: 6843: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6817: 6808: 6806: 6793: 6784: 6782: 6767: 6764: 6754: 6701: 6699:Further reading 6643: 6604: 6583: 6578: 6568: 6566: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6542: 6540: 6538: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6504: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6458: 6451: 6438: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6414: 6410: 6402: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6378: 6374: 6366: 6359: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6329: 6321: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6279: 6271: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6247: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6220: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6194: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6146: 6142: 6134: 6127: 6119: 6112: 6100: 6096: 6085: 6081: 6070: 6068: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6040:Wayback Machine 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6003: 5999: 5964: 5960: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5907: 5900: 5887: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5864: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5803: 5802: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5770: 5769: 5760: 5756: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5673: 5661: 5654: 5653: 5575: 5568: 5567: 5475: 5468: 5467: 5452: 5445: 5444: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5323: 5316: 5315: 5300: 5293: 5292: 5275: 5268: 5267: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5159: 5153: 5148: 5133: 5126: 5125: 5108: 5101: 5100: 4973: 4967: 4965:Sharif of Mecca 4962: 4804: 4800:Sharif of Mecca 4797: 4796: 4714: 4637: 4339: 4335:Sharif of Mecca 4332: 4331: 4253: 4249:Sharif of Mecca 4246: 4245: 4168: 4164:Sharif of Mecca 4161: 4160: 4154: 4081: 4077:Sharif of Mecca 4074: 4073: 3997: 3993:Sharif of Mecca 3990: 3989: 3911: 3907:Sharif of Mecca 3904: 3903: 3825: 3821:Sharif of Mecca 3818: 3817: 3739: 3735:Sharif of Mecca 3732: 3731: 3652: 3648:Sharif of Mecca 3645: 3644: 3565: 3561:Sharif of Mecca 3558: 3557: 3551: 3478: 3474:Sharif of Mecca 3471: 3470: 3317: 3313:Sharif of Mecca 3310: 3309: 3077: 2400: 2246: 2173: 2166: 2165: 2096: 2089: 2088: 2008: 2004:Islamic prophet 2001: 2000: 1879: 1779:Abd al-Muttalib 1776: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1649: 1644: 1615: 1558: 1509: 1455: 1424:Simele massacre 1417:Kingdom of Iraq 1405: 1392: 1366: 1332:, working with 1302:al-Sarai Mosque 1286: 1234: 1206:Faisal saw the 1082: 1070:national anthem 1048:(provinces) of 947:and Lieutenant 934: 929: 893:region of Syria 877: 866: 860: 857: 846: 834: 823: 768: 762: 740: 734: 702: 697: 673:region of Syria 659:, he conquered 569: 525:Hussein bin Ali 509: 426:Hussein bin Ali 411:First World War 318: 283: 272: 252: 248: 228: 222: 220: 208: 202: 196: 195: 185:Prime Ministers 184: 144: 138: 134: 130: 128:Naji al-Suwaidi 126: 122: 118: 116:Jafar al-Askari 114: 110: 104: 103: 93:Prime Ministers 37: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8314: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8181:Kings of Syria 8178: 8173: 8168: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8045:Related topics 8042: 8041: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8007: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7911:Islamic Legion 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7801:Al-Mourabitoun 7798: 7793: 7787: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7768:Hamdeen Sabahi 7765: 7760: 7758:Fuad al-Rikabi 7755: 7750: 7748:Adnan Pachachi 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7718:Saddam Hussein 7715: 7710: 7708:Sati' al-Husri 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7643:Hafez al-Assad 7640: 7635: 7633:Zaki al-Arsuzi 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7514:Aden Emergency 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7459:Iraqi Intifada 7456: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7442:Yom Kippur War 7439: 7434: 7429: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7375: 7369: 7367: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7337:Arab socialism 7333: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7319: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7296: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7257:King Faisal II 7253: 7251: 7250:3rd generation 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7224:2nd generation 7221: 7220: 7213: 7211: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7197: 7195: 7194:1st generation 7191: 7190: 7183: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7151: 7142: 7141: 7137:Regent of Iraq 7131: 7128: 7127: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7108: 7098: 7093: 7087: 7085: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7065: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7042: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7025: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6970: 6961: 6956: 6949: 6948: 6930: 6921: 6916: 6909: 6908: 6907:Regnal titles 6904: 6903: 6883: 6880: 6875: 6874: 6861: 6841: 6815: 6791: 6763: 6762:External links 6760: 6759: 6758: 6752: 6739: 6713:(3): 314–327. 6700: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6666: 6647: 6641: 6622: 6608: 6602: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6576: 6550: 6536: 6530:. I.B.Tauris. 6513: 6502: 6488: 6476: 6464: 6462:, p. 690. 6449: 6447:, 2014 page 71 6439:Osman, Khalil 6432: 6430:, p. 387. 6420: 6418:, p. 386. 6408: 6406:, p. 379. 6396: 6394:, p. 502. 6384: 6382:, p. 500. 6372: 6370:, p. 494. 6357: 6355:, p. 493. 6342: 6340:, p. 370. 6327: 6325:, p. 499. 6310: 6298: 6296:, p. 684. 6277: 6275:, p. 682. 6265: 6263:, p. 681. 6253: 6238: 6226: 6224:, p. 679. 6211: 6188: 6176: 6174:, p. 326. 6161: 6159:, p. 318. 6149: 6140: 6125: 6123:, p. 303. 6110: 6102:Justin Marozzi 6094: 6079: 6043: 6024: 5997: 5978:(4): 561–614. 5958: 5956:, p. 197. 5943: 5941:, p. 196. 5926: 5924:, p. 195. 5914: 5908:Karsh, Efraim 5898: 5881: 5869: 5862: 5842: 5830: 5818: 5785: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5694: 5678: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5571:King of Jordan 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5455: 5453: 5448:King of Jordan 5432: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5326: 5324: 5303: 5301: 5296:King of Jordan 5280: 5278: 5276: 5271:Regent of Iraq 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5162: 5160: 5136: 5134: 5129:King of Jordan 5113: 5111: 5109: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4340: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2009: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1628: 1620: 1614: 1611: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1544:, daughter of 1542:Aliya bint Ali 1535: 1529: 1523: 1508: 1505: 1454: 1451: 1404: 1401: 1391: 1388: 1365: 1362: 1306:Shadhili Order 1298:Abbas Baghdadi 1290:Friday prayers 1285: 1282: 1263:Sati' al-Husri 1233: 1230: 1081: 1078: 1040:. Following a 957:Aylmer Haldane 933: 930: 928: 925: 879: 878: 837: 835: 828: 822: 819: 796:Arthur Balfour 784:Chaim Weizmann 778:in Syria, 1918 776:Chaim Weizmann 764:Main article: 761: 758: 736:Main article: 733: 730: 726:Ottoman Empire 701: 698: 696: 693: 605:T. E. Lawrence 593:T. E. Lawrence 568: 565: 533:Constantinople 517:Ottoman Empire 508: 505: 442:Ottoman Empire 436:and raised in 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 354: 350: 349: 344: 338: 337: 334: 333: 329: 328: 320: 319: 317: 316: 313: 308: 305: 300: 294: 292: 286: 285: 278: 274: 273: 264: 262: 258: 257: 251:(aged 48) 245: 241: 240: 238:Ottoman Empire 218: 214: 213: 210: 209: 207: 206: 191: 190: 189: 187: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 146: 145: 143: 142: 99: 98: 97: 95: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 54: 53: 45: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8313: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8236:Kings of Iraq 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8146: 8138: 8137: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8077:Greater Yemen 8075: 8073: 8072:Greater Syria 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8043: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7982: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7783:Organizations 7780: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7703:George Habash 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7683:Izzat Darwaza 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618:Yasser Arafat 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7595:Personalities 7592: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7570:Arab identity 7568: 7567: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7484:Arab Cold War 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7317: 7312: 7310: 7305: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7222: 7217: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7201:King Faisal I 7199: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7187: 7181: 7177:Iraqi princes 7172: 7167: 7165: 7160: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7149: 7139: 7129: 7124: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7088: 7082: 7076: 7072: 7070:Kings of Iraq 7063: 7058: 7056: 7051: 7049: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7031: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7011:King of Syria 7005: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6967: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6941: 6940:Subhi Barakat 6931: 6927: 6926: 6925:King of Syria 6919: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6888: 6887: 6878: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6862: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6827: 6820: 6816: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6755: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6702: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6654: 6648: 6644: 6642:9780674039346 6638: 6634: 6630: 6629: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6585: 6584: 6564: 6563:alhussein.gov 6560: 6559:"Family tree" 6554: 6539: 6537:9781860643316 6533: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6498: 6492: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6468: 6461: 6456: 6454: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6376: 6369: 6364: 6362: 6354: 6349: 6347: 6339: 6334: 6332: 6324: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6307: 6302: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6250: 6245: 6243: 6235: 6230: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6158: 6153: 6144: 6137: 6132: 6130: 6122: 6117: 6115: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6090: 6083: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6055: 6047: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6013:on 7 May 2015 6012: 6008: 6001: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5950: 5948: 5940: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5923: 5918: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5879:, p. 76. 5878: 5877:Lawrence 1997 5873: 5865: 5863:9780810864566 5859: 5855: 5854: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5827: 5822: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5758: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5743:Ghazi of Iraq 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5700: 5695: 5692: 5681: 5674: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5618: 5616: 5580: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5527: 5525: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5404: 5402: 5346: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5242: 5240: 5182: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5156: 5152: 5151:King of Syria 5147: 5146: 5141: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5105: 5104:King of Hejaz 5099: 5098: 5093: 5070: 5067: 5059: 5057: 5049: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5013: 5011: 5001: 4999: 4978: 4976: 4970: 4969:King of Hejaz 4966: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4922: 4920: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4847: 4845: 4809: 4807: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4761: 4759: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4684: 4682: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4607: 4605: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4532: 4530: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4457: 4455: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4382: 4380: 4344: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4329: 4296: 4294: 4258: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4212: 4210: 4174: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4157:Abu Numayy II 4124: 4122: 4086: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4040: 4038: 4002: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3954: 3952: 3916: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3868: 3866: 3830: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3782: 3780: 3744: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3695: 3693: 3657: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3609: 3607: 3571: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3521: 3519: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3435: 3433: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3360: 3358: 3322: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3274: 3272: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3199: 3197: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3124: 3122: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3047: 3045: 3009: 3007: 3004: 2972: 2970: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2897: 2895: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2822: 2820: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2747: 2745: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2672: 2670: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2597: 2595: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2522: 2520: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2447: 2445: 2409: 2407: 2403: 2402:Musa Al-Djawn 2370: 2368: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2295: 2293: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2216: 2214: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2130: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2093: 2092:fourth caliph 2087: 2086: 2061: 2059: 2013: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1998: 1955: 1953: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1884: 1883: 1857: 1854: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1822: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1746: 1744: 1708: 1706: 1698: 1697: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1641: 1636: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1590:Werner Herzog 1587: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1572:Alec Guinness 1569: 1568: 1563: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1470: 1464: 1459: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1409: 1400: 1396: 1387: 1384: 1375: 1374:Mustafa Kemal 1370: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322:Eid al-Ghadir 1319: 1315: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1270:Rustam Haidar 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1243: 1238: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1106:Arab identity 1103: 1098: 1095: 1086: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:al-Kadhimiyya 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 994: 990: 985: 983: 979: 978:Gertrude Bell 974: 970: 965: 958: 954: 950: 946: 943: 938: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 875: 872: 864: 854: 850: 844: 843: 838:This section 836: 832: 827: 826: 821:King of Syria 818: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 777: 772: 767: 757: 755: 751: 747: 744: 739: 732:Greater Syria 729: 727: 723: 719: 718:Gertrude Bell 715: 706: 692: 690: 689:David Fromkin 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 653: 648: 646: 641: 637: 633: 632: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 611: 606: 602: 594: 590: 586: 582: 579:, during the 578: 573: 564: 562: 558: 553: 549: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 477:Sunni Muslims 474: 470: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 388: 384: 376: 373: 369: 365: 361: 358: 355: 351: 348: 345: 343: 339: 330: 325: 321: 314: 312: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 293: 291: 287: 282: 279: 275: 271: 270:al-'Adhamiyya 267: 263: 259: 256:, Switzerland 255: 246: 242: 239: 235: 234:Hejaz Vilayet 231: 219: 215: 211: 205: 201: 198: 197: 194: 188: 182: 179: 176: 172: 169: 166: 162: 158: 154: 151: 150:King of Syria 147: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106: 105: 102: 96: 94: 90: 87: 84: 80: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 59: 55: 51: 46: 33: 30: 19: 8112:Pan-Islamism 7990: 7983: 7976: 7876:Ba'ath Party 7753:Ameen Rihani 7687: 7613:Jassem Alwan 7608:Michel Aflaq 7464:Algerian War 7390:Iraqi Revolt 7267:Prince Mired 7241:Prince Ra'ad 7231:King Ghazi I 7200: 7090: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6990:New creation 6989: 6965:King of Iraq 6963: 6953:New creation 6952: 6932: 6923: 6913:New creation 6912: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6853:. Retrieved 6849:the original 6833:. Retrieved 6826:the original 6807:. Retrieved 6803:the original 6798: 6783:. Retrieved 6779:the original 6772: 6743: 6710: 6706: 6674: 6652: 6627: 6616: 6592: 6567:. Retrieved 6562: 6553: 6541:. Retrieved 6526: 6522:Kamal Salibi 6516: 6505: 6495: 6491: 6484:Masalha 1991 6479: 6472:Masalha 1991 6467: 6460:Masalha 1991 6440: 6435: 6423: 6411: 6399: 6387: 6375: 6306:Masalha 1991 6301: 6294:Masalha 1991 6273:Masalha 1991 6268: 6261:Masalha 1991 6256: 6249:Masalha 1991 6234:Masalha 1991 6229: 6222:Masalha 1991 6204:26 September 6202:. Retrieved 6191: 6184:Ireland 1936 6179: 6172:Ireland 1936 6157:Ireland 1936 6152: 6143: 6121:Ireland 1936 6097: 6088: 6082: 6077:(PhD thesis) 6069:. Retrieved 6053: 6046: 6027: 6015:. Retrieved 6011:the original 6000: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5917: 5909: 5892: 5884: 5872: 5852: 5845: 5833: 5821: 5809:. Retrieved 5776:. Retrieved 5774:. rulers.org 5772:"rulers.org" 5733:Ali of Hejaz 5672: 5648: 5562: 5480: 5471:King of Iraq 5462: 5439: 5328: 5319:King of Iraq 5310: 5287: 5264:'Abd Al-Ilah 5262: 5164: 5155:King of Iraq 5144: 5143: 5120: 5095: 4957: 4877: 4791: 4716:Abdul Mu'een 4715: 4638: 4562: 4487: 4412: 4326: 4242: 4155: 4070: 3984: 3898: 3812: 3726: 3639: 3554:Abu Numayy I 3552: 3465: 3390: 3304: 3229: 3154: 3079:Abd Al-Karim 3078: 3002: 2927: 2852: 2777: 2702: 2627: 2552: 2477: 2401: 2325: 2247: 2169:fifth caliph 2160: 2109: 2083: 1995: 1898: 1880: 1777: 1694: 1603: 1600:Younes Bouab 1593: 1579: 1575: 1565: 1559: 1510: 1493:Haifa Street 1490: 1479: 1444: 1421: 1414: 1397: 1393: 1379: 1357: 1353: 1318:Dhu al-Hijja 1310: 1287: 1277: 1274: 1267: 1247: 1221:Nuri al-Said 1205: 1188: 1157: 1152: 1142: 1091: 1061: 1057: 1045: 1028: 986: 966: 962: 927:King of Iraq 882: 867: 858: 847:Please help 842:verification 839: 811:Lord Allenby 804: 781: 741: 711: 684: 665:Fakhri Pasha 649: 640:Efraim Karsh 629: 628:In his book 627: 623:Three Pashas 615:Djemal Pasha 608: 598: 585:Nuri as-Said 545: 521:Saudi Arabia 510: 481:Shii Muslims 466: 423: 399:King of Iraq 394: 382: 381: 249:(1933-09-08) 192: 177: 167: 136:Naji Shawkat 132:Nuri al-Said 100: 75: 58:King of Iraq 29: 8271:Arab Revolt 8171:1933 deaths 8166:1885 births 7806:Arab Ba'ath 7728:Salah Jadid 7585:Arabization 7432:Six-Day War 7427:Suez Crisis 7373:Arab Revolt 7352:Pan-Arabism 7262:Prince Zeid 7206:Prince Zeid 7106:Abd al-Ilah 6918:Arab revolt 6894:20 May 1885 6588:Allawi, Ali 6581:Works cited 6428:Allawi 2014 6416:Allawi 2014 6404:Allawi 2014 6392:Allawi 2014 6380:Allawi 2014 6368:Allawi 2014 6353:Allawi 2014 6338:Allawi 2014 6323:Allawi 2014 6136:Allawi 2014 5838:Allawi 2014 5705:Asia portal 5691:Iraq portal 5564:Abdullah II 1372:Faisal and 1349:Mujtahideen 1259:al-Jawahiri 1189:During the 1180:Iraq's army 1149:nationalism 1129:Transjordan 1097:nationalism 1024:main mosque 953:Mesopotamia 681:Arab Revolt 645:Enver Pasha 485:pan-Arabism 409:during the 375:Sunni Islam 227:20 May 1885 164:Predecessor 72:Predecessor 8160:Categories 7970:Literature 7663:Tariq Aziz 7580:Arab world 7575:Arab Union 7504:Dhofar War 6835:27 January 6662:1006212063 6569:8 February 6543:7 February 6443:, London: 6066:1004745577 6017:20 October 5754:References 5122:Abdullah I 4071:Barakat II 1647:Hashemites 1562:David Lean 1312:linage to 1042:plebiscite 577:Versailles 507:Early life 223:1885-05-20 40:فيصل الأول 8176:Dhawu Awn 8003:Symbolism 7347:Nasserism 7342:Ba'athism 7277:See also 7101:Faisal II 6809:18 August 6785:18 August 6735:162677596 6683:0026-3206 6633:Cambridge 6445:Routledge 6108:, (2014). 5984:0707-5332 5811:2 January 5778:2 January 5464:Faisal II 3900:Barakat I 3641:Rumaythah 1882:Abu Talib 1588:; and in 1345:Percy Cox 1334:Ayatollah 1294:al-Rihani 1217:Palestine 1200:Hashemite 1153:wataniyya 1133:Jerusalem 945:Percy Cox 915:. In the 861:June 2014 800:Palestine 403:Hashemite 347:Hashemite 174:Successor 82:Successor 8145:Category 8087:Islamism 7796:Al-Fatat 7563:Concepts 7330:Ideology 7091:Faisal I 6614:(1997). 6590:(2014). 6036:Archived 5992:40105338 5677:See also 5145:Faisal I 4793:Muhammad 4488:Abdullah 4328:Abdullah 3986:Muhammad 2853:Suleiman 2703:Abdullah 2628:Muhammad 2478:Abdullah 2326:Abdullah 1997:Muhammad 1900:Abdallah 1613:Ancestry 1576:Lawrence 1564:'s epic 1439:Assyrian 1430:ordered 1330:Muharram 1164:Damascus 1146:pan-Arab 1125:Abdullah 1094:pan-Arab 1058:vilayets 1046:vilayets 746:Damascus 722:emirates 677:Damascus 610:vilayets 561:al-Fatat 552:Damascus 539:for the 446:Damascus 438:Istanbul 371:Religion 193:See list 101:See list 35:Faisal I 18:Faisal I 7791:Al-Awda 7366:History 7096:Ghazi I 6870:of the 6866:in the 6855:30 June 6691:4283470 5650:Hussein 5441:Hussein 4959:Hussein 4413:Hussein 3155:Muta'in 2928:Hussein 2111:Fatimah 1497:Baghdad 1463:Baghdad 1341:Karbala 1244:in 1932 1160:Baghdad 1062:vilayet 1054:Baghdad 1012:Samawah 887:of the 548:Entente 417:of the 277:Spouses 86:Ghazi I 7030:Ġāzī I 6975:Ġāzī I 6897: 6750: 6733: 6727:162381 6725: 6689: 6681: 6660: 6639: 6600: 6534: 6071:17 May 6064: 5990: 5982: 5860: 4563:Muhsin 4243:Hassan 3814:Hassan 3467:Hassan 3306:Qatada 1696:Hashim 1242:Sidara 1139:, 1933 1102:Persia 1036:, and 1031:Sayyid 1016:Hillah 1004:Ulama' 989:Jeddah 905:France 669:Allies 661:Medina 537:Jeddah 527:, the 428:, the 387:Arabic 363:Mother 353:Father 261:Burial 7891:Fatah 6899:Died: 6892:Born: 6829:(PDF) 6822:(PDF) 6731:S2CID 6723:JSTOR 6687:JSTOR 6510:Rasit 6058:(PDF) 5988:JSTOR 5330:Ra'ad 5312:Ghazi 5289:Talal 3728:Ajlan 3230:Idris 2162:Hasan 1486:Ghazi 1474:Amman 1453:Death 1172:Mosul 1168:Amman 1080:Reign 1050:Mosul 1008:Najaf 1000:Basra 921:Syria 903:gave 891:(the 601:Hamra 513:Mecca 501:Ghazi 434:Mecca 342:House 327:Names 290:Issue 230:Mecca 156:Reign 64:Reign 6857:2011 6837:2010 6811:2009 6799:Time 6787:2009 6774:Time 6748:ISBN 6679:ISSN 6658:OCLC 6637:ISBN 6598:ISBN 6571:2018 6545:2018 6532:ISBN 6497:Time 6206:2018 6073:2021 6062:OCLC 6019:2018 5980:ISSN 5858:ISBN 5813:2012 5780:2012 5482:Zeid 5166:Zeid 3003:Issa 2553:Musa 1556:Film 1482:Bern 1074:1932 907:the 885:King 497:Bern 479:and 415:King 254:Bern 244:Died 217:Born 6942:as 6872:ZBW 6715:doi 5097:Ali 4878:Ali 3391:Ali 2778:Ali 2085:Ali 1592:'s 1314:Ali 1162:to 1131:in 1127:of 1076:. 1006:at 993:Sir 851:by 8162:: 6946:) 6797:. 6771:. 6729:. 6721:. 6709:. 6685:. 6673:. 6631:. 6561:. 6452:^ 6360:^ 6345:^ 6330:^ 6313:^ 6280:^ 6241:^ 6214:^ 6164:^ 6128:^ 6113:^ 5986:. 5974:. 5970:. 5946:^ 5929:^ 5901:^ 5891:, 5788:^ 5761:^ 1578:, 1495:, 1488:. 1135:, 1052:, 923:. 728:. 691:. 591:, 543:. 515:, 503:. 393:, 389:: 268:, 236:, 232:, 7315:e 7308:t 7301:v 7188:. 7170:e 7163:t 7156:v 7133:‡ 7061:e 7054:t 7047:v 6938:( 6859:. 6839:. 6813:. 6789:. 6756:. 6737:. 6717:: 6711:5 6693:. 6664:. 6645:. 6606:. 6573:. 6547:. 6208:. 6075:. 6021:. 5994:. 5976:5 5866:. 5840:. 5815:. 5782:. 5659:) 5655:( 5573:) 5569:( 5473:) 5469:( 5450:) 5446:( 5340:) 5334:( 5321:) 5317:( 5298:) 5294:( 5273:) 5269:( 5176:) 5170:( 5157:) 5149:( 5131:) 5127:( 5106:) 5102:( 4972:) 4963:( 4802:) 4798:( 4337:) 4333:( 4251:) 4247:( 4166:) 4162:( 4079:) 4075:( 3995:) 3991:( 3909:) 3905:( 3823:) 3819:( 3737:) 3733:( 3725:' 3650:) 3646:( 3563:) 3559:( 3476:) 3472:( 3315:) 3311:( 2171:) 2167:( 2094:) 2090:( 2006:) 2002:( 1639:e 1632:t 1625:v 1548:. 1534:. 1528:. 1522:. 959:. 874:) 868:( 863:) 859:( 845:. 385:( 225:) 221:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index