276:
201:
with his real name being
Muhammad. Due to the former meaning "astronomer" and the poet Khaqani mentioning that Falaki was "aware of the mysteries of the nine spheres" it could be surmised that Falaki was a professional astronomer. However, this could have also been a word-play by Khaqani. Falaki was
221:
Anna Livia
Beelaert does not consider this story to be real, arguing that no parts of it is mentioned in Khaqani's writings, which mentions both Falaki and Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi. Falaki had a wife who died shortly after giving birth to their daughter. His remaining relatives (with the exception of his
248:
in which he claimed that his confinement had almost killed him and left him a "mere skeleton". It is uncertain whether Falaki was allowed back into the royal court or not. The Indian scholar Hadi Hasan, noting that
Khaqani reported Falaki's death as "premature", considered it more plausible that
3038:
Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
423:(died 1425/26) are known to have copied Falaki's style of poetry, though the former never admitted it. According to Gould, the works of Falaki, Khaqani, Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi and Mujir al-Din Baylaqani fully supports the claim made by academics that the
389:
considers Falaki's impact in prison poetry to pale in comparison to Masud Sa'd Salman's, but maintains that he still played an important role in the genre, contributing to its geographical and cross-generational transmission.
921:
314:
and a revised version of his previous collection. The only ruler that appears in Falaki's work is
Manuchihr III, whom Falaki describes in several scenarios, such as his victory against the
197:(collection of biographies) refer to him by other names, such as Abu'l-Nizam Jalalu'd-Din, Afsahu'd-Din, Najmu'd-Din, or Mu'ayyidu'd-Din Uthman. "Falaki" was his
252:
The death of
Manuchihr III is not mentioned in Falaki's writings, which indicates that Falaki died before him. Based on this, the suggestion by authors such as
217:, which he was let down by. Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi told Falaki that with that money he could buy fifty Turkish handmaidens more beautiful than Khaqani's new wife.
2547:
413:
302:(collection of poems), of which 1,512 verses have survived. In 1929, Hadi Hasan published his collection of Falaki's poems which he had gathered from an
930:
3078:
3083:
982:
191:. The city served as the capital of the rulers of Shirvan, the Shirvanshahs. In his work, Falaki calls himself "Muhammad Falaki", but some
385:, trying to make the accomplishments of Masud Sa'd Salman seem less important, whilst also using the latter's trademark genre. Historian
1035:
841:
275:
310:
and poetry referenced in other works. In 1958, he published a updated version based on newly-found poems in a manuscript from
171:
spread by his rivals. It has been surmised Falaki died soon after his release as a result of the stress he had endured there.
751:
724:
3093:
418:
222:
daughter) also died. Like
Khaqani and Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi, Falaki served as a court poet of the Shirvanshah Manuchihr III (
859:
349:(suffering). These words began to set themselves apart from one another at the early stage of the development of genre.
3098:
818:
770:
337:(prison poetry) genre, and also played an role in its early development. There are three important words in the genre:
256:
that Falaki died in 1181/82 has been dismissed by historian
Francois de Blois. Hadi Hasan surmised that Falaki died in
903:
152:(collection of poems), of which 1,512 verses have survived. He played a leading role in the early development of the
1418:
1030:
975:
3009:
2440:
1983:
2080:
1581:
1090:
3088:
2188:
357:
conveys enduring injustice that is connected to a universal state. Poets in
Shirvan started to use the word
2872:
1881:
1360:
968:
1095:
2163:
1967:
895:
2193:
1110:
1054:
408:
considered it "strange" that Falaki did not think of any contemporary poet who merited mention. Both
2693:
2636:
2577:
1641:
1464:
283:
130:
326:, how he had the cities of Kardinan and Sa'dun constructed, and how he restored the Bakilani dam.
2958:
2562:
2557:
2542:
2453:
1951:
2410:
1959:
1868:
1674:
233:
3073:
2803:
2631:
2608:
2463:
2210:
1380:
1151:
1070:
763:
Persian
Literature - A Bio-Bibliographical Survey: Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period (Volume V)
708:
206:
3068:
2843:
2708:
2688:
2626:
2385:
2055:
1710:
1695:
1625:
1604:
1586:
1531:
1413:
1344:
1227:
1020:
1015:
1004:
382:
378:
210:
8:
2768:
2507:
2425:
2277:
2262:
2178:
2085:
2042:
1876:
1539:
920:
Lornejad, Siavash; Doostzadeh, Ali (2012). Arakelova, Victoria; Asatrian, Garnik (eds.).
263:
in Shirvan. According to Taqi Kashi, Falaki was buried in Shamakhi. Khaqani dedicated an
2912:
2897:
2867:
2728:
2572:
2313:
2231:
2118:
2100:
1591:
1492:
1247:
1186:
1141:
1100:
1085:
991:
161:
2978:
2917:
2823:
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2773:
2758:
2669:
2532:
2445:
2405:
2390:
2308:
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2216:
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2075:
1807:
1659:
1596:
1449:
1393:
1222:
1065:
949:
899:
885:
869:
814:
766:
747:
720:
781:
735:
2999:
2828:
2818:
2778:
2763:
2743:
2723:
2718:
2651:
2527:
2494:
2430:
2328:
2323:
2158:
2070:
2037:
1815:
1705:
1487:
1130:
436:
402:
323:
249:
Falaki soon died as a result of the stress he had endured during his imprisonment.
109:
81:
3014:
2973:
2932:
2838:
2793:
2753:
2552:
2517:
2478:
2473:
2420:
2173:
2148:
2128:
2105:
2095:
2050:
1913:
1844:
1631:
1568:
1454:
1444:
1388:
1315:
1146:
889:
829:
739:
712:
218:
794:
2983:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2862:
2833:
2798:
2733:
2713:
2703:
2646:
2582:
2537:
2522:
2400:
2365:
2333:
2293:
2272:
2267:
2252:
2183:
2168:
2065:
1935:
1900:
1754:
1664:
1523:
1328:
854:
850:
297:
147:
3062:
3019:
3004:
2927:
2922:
2907:
2902:
2877:
2738:
2698:
2616:
2468:
2458:
2435:
2415:
2318:
2247:
2198:
2133:
2090:
1852:
1767:
1744:
1739:
1669:
1651:
1636:
1621:
1617:
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1459:
1365:
1336:
1299:
1273:
1232:
1120:
873:
846:
806:
409:
386:
369:
I drown in such affliction , that I don’t care for this endless suffering .
213:. Khaqani married Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi's daughter while Falaki was given 20,000
884:(1968). "Poets and Prose Writers of the Late Seljuq and Mongol Periods". In
2937:
2813:
2783:
2621:
2587:
2512:
2502:
2395:
2349:
2206:
2143:
2060:
1905:
1857:
1836:
1799:
1783:
1759:
1734:
1609:
1576:
1403:
1352:
1242:
1125:
1080:
427:
Caucasus developed a distinctive literary tradition comparable to that of
381:, whom Falaki claimed to be below him in terms of style. Falaki displayed
3048:
2808:
2661:
2641:
2567:
2257:
2153:
2110:
1831:
1105:
280:
127:
3044:
2748:
2656:
2603:
2138:
1563:
1472:
1423:
1408:
1375:
1323:
1307:
1294:
1237:
1115:
424:
398:
374:
253:
188:
1497:
891:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods
1690:
1216:
1025:
960:
881:
719:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 522–523.
405:
394:
303:
240:
spread by his rivals. His imprisonment took place in the fortress of
244:, where he stayed for some time. After being freed, Falaki wrote an
179:
Of Persian descent, Falaki Shirvani was born in 1107 in the city of
1775:
1482:
1255:
1212:
432:
332:
319:
287:
241:
198:
180:
155:
95:
36:
2298:
1504:
1428:
1370:
1075:
744:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume IX/2: Excavations IV–Fārābī V. Music
428:
311:
184:
141:
40:
746:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 169.
373:
The prison poetry genre was created by a Persian poet under the
236:, and probably Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi), Falaki was imprisoned due to
1943:
1715:
1512:
1278:
1268:
1263:
1207:
1202:
923:
On the modern politicization of the Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi
717:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XV/5: Ḵamsa of Jamāli–Karim Devona
307:
264:
214:
167:
Like other poets of his time, Falaki was imprisoned due to the
1975:
1700:
1398:
315:
237:
168:
3040:
1749:
1646:
954:
A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries
205:
According to a story reported by later biographers such as
552:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
245:
361:
to convey the same physical tiredness as its equivalent
624:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
929:. Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies. Archived from
612:
602:
600:
479:
477:
475:
449:
564:
530:
528:
393:
Falaki considered himself to be on the same level as
330:
295:
192:
153:
145:
93:
672:
576:
501:
489:
209:, both Falaki and Khaqani were students of the poet
684:
660:
648:
636:
597:
472:
329:Falaki is the first known Shirvani composer of the
840:
540:
525:
513:
3060:
1031:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
365:. This lexicon was first assembled by Falaki:
976:
831:Falaki-i-Shirwani: His Times, Life, and Works
144:, Falaki is known to have authored a Persian
121:
126:) was a poet who served at the court of the
294:Falaki is known to have authored a Persian
202:a student of Khaqani, despite being older.
1036:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
983:
969:
860:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3047:and one of the two official languages of
792:
779:
507:
495:
760:
733:
706:
630:
558:
466:
274:
232:Like other poets of his time (Khaqani,
116:; 1107–1155), commonly known as
3061:
990:
187:, a region now located in present-day
3079:12th-century Persian-language writers
2007:
1168:
1052:
1002:
964:
880:
838:
827:
805:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
618:
606:
591:
570:
546:
534:
519:
483:
868:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 764.
3084:12th-century Persian-language poets
353:communicates a gloomy resignation.
122:
113:
54: 1155 (aged 47–48)
13:
913:
227: 1120 – after 1160
138: 1120 – after 1160
14:
3110:
1071:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
2008:
3010:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
2441:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
224:
135:
2081:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
1091:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
813:. Edinburgh University Press.
1:
2189:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
1419:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
1169:
707:Beelaert, Anna Livia (2010).
442:
257:
50:
1984:Mahmud Khan Malek al-Sho'ara
956:. W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd.
174:
160:(prison poetry), a genre in
7:
3094:12th-century Iranian people
1882:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
761:de Blois, Francois (2004).
734:de Blois, Francois (1999).
331:
296:
193:
154:
146:
94:
10:
3115:
1968:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
1053:
896:Cambridge University Press
700:
322:), how he seized parts of
3099:Poets of the Shirvanshahs
3036:
2992:
2946:
2852:
2678:
2596:
2487:
2378:
2358:
2342:
2286:
2240:
2224:
2194:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
2031:
2018:
2014:
2003:
1928:
1893:
1824:
1792:
1727:
1720:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
1683:
1556:
1437:
1287:
1195:
1179:
1175:
1164:
1111:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
1061:
1048:
1011:
998:
793:Bosworth, C. E. (2011b).
780:Bosworth, C. E. (2011a).
140:). A student of the poet
89:
75:
61:
46:
30:
23:
18:12th century Persian poet
2609:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
1642:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
1465:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
1361:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
1021:Old Persian inscriptions
709:"Ḵāqāni Šervāni i. Life"
270:
2959:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2563:Houshang Moradi Kermani
2558:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
2543:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
2454:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
1952:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
1918:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
1003:
834:. University of London.
811:The Persian Prison Poem
2411:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
1960:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
1573:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
1316:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
401:(died 846). The Czech
371:
291:
234:Mujir al-Din Baylaqani
2947:Children's literature
2804:Rasoul Mollagholipour
2694:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
2637:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2632:Alireza Koushk Jalali
2578:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2464:Shahriyar Mandanipour
1696:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
1540:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
1381:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
1152:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1135:Anthology of Zadspram
799:Encyclopaedia Iranica
786:Encyclopaedia Iranica
367:
290:between 1120 and 1160
278:
207:Dawlatshah Samarqandi
3089:People from Shamakhi
2844:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
2709:Pouran Derakhshandeh
2689:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2627:Amir Reza Koohestani
2386:Ali Mohammad Afghani
2056:Mohammad Reza Aslani
1711:Fazlallah Astarabadi
1587:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1582:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
1532:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1414:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1228:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
1016:Behistun Inscription
936:on 14 September 2022
898:. pp. 550–625.
839:Hasan, Hadi (1965).
828:Hasan, Hadi (1929).
383:anxiety of influence
2769:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
2508:Abolhassan Etessami
2426:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
2278:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
2263:Khalilullah Khalili
2203:Manouchehr Sheybani
2179:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
2086:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
2043:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
1675:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
1520:Faramarz-e Khodadad
1106:Shabuhragan of Mani
842:"Falakī S̲h̲irwānī"
807:Gould, Rebecca Ruth
561:, pp. 522–523.
2913:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
2898:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
2868:Najaf Daryabandari
2729:Behrouz Gharibpour
2573:Shahrnush Parsipur
2548:Aboutorab Khosravi
2450:Aboutorab Khosravi
2314:Gulrukhsor Safieva
2232:Edward Haghverdian
1886:Rasa Salim Tehrani
1605:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
1592:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
1248:Abusaeid Abolkheir
1187:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1142:Zand-i Wahman yasn
1101:Dana-i Menog Khrat
1086:Book of Arda Viraf
992:Persian literature
950:Minorsky, Vladimir
886:Boyle, John Andrew
292:
162:Persian literature
3056:
3055:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
2979:Farhad Hasanzadeh
2918:Hamid Samandarian
2859:Amrollah Abjadian
2824:Fereydoun Rahnema
2789:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
2774:Samuel Khachikian
2759:Ebrahim Hatamikia
2670:Mohammad Yaghoubi
2666:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
2533:Houshang Golshiri
2446:Houshang Golshiri
2406:Mahshid Amirshahi
2391:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
2374:
2373:
2309:Abolqasem Lahouti
2304:Iskandar Khatloni
2217:Fereydoon Moshiri
2164:Mohammad Mokhtari
2124:Forugh Farrokhzad
2076:Manouchehr Atashi
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1921:
1910:
1873:
1869:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
1862:
1849:
1841:
1812:
1808:Mohtasham Kashani
1804:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1660:Nozhat al-Majales
1656:
1614:
1601:
1597:Mahmud Shabistari
1564:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
1549:
1536:
1528:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1469:
1450:Suzani Samarqandi
1394:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
1385:
1357:
1349:
1345:Masud Sa'd Salman
1341:
1333:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1260:
1252:
1223:Abu Shakur Balkhi
1160:
1159:
1096:Cube of Zoroaster
1066:Ayadgar-i Zariran
1044:
1043:
753:978-0-933273-27-6
726:978-1-934283-28-8
621:, pp. 59–60.
573:, pp. 55–56.
379:Masud Sa'd Salman
345:(affliction) and
211:Abu'l-Ala Ganjavi
103:
102:
3106:
3000:Aydin Aghdashloo
2829:Rasul Sadr Ameli
2819:Kambuzia Partovi
2779:Abbas Kiarostami
2764:Abdolreza Kahani
2744:Ebrahim Golestan
2724:Farrokh Ghaffari
2719:Bahman Farmanara
2652:Abbas Nalbandian
2528:Ebrahim Golestan
2495:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
2431:Soudabeh Fazaeli
2329:Mirzo Tursunzoda
2324:Payrav Sulaymoni
2159:Shams Langeroodi
2115:Parviz Eslampour
2071:Aminollah Rezaei
2038:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
2029:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1919:
1908:
1877:Naw'i Khabushani
1871:
1860:
1847:
1839:
1810:
1802:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1706:Abu Ali Qalandar
1654:
1612:
1599:
1547:
1534:
1526:
1515:
1507:
1495:
1488:Najm al-Din Razi
1467:
1383:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1318:
1310:
1302:
1258:
1250:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1131:Dadestan-i Denig
1050:
1049:
1000:
999:
985:
978:
971:
962:
961:
957:
945:
943:
941:
935:
928:
909:
877:
844:
835:
824:
802:
789:
776:
757:
740:Yarshater, Ehsan
736:"Falakī Šarvānī"
730:
713:Yarshater, Ehsan
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
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544:
538:
532:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
487:
481:
470:
464:
422:
412:(died 1376) and
336:
301:
262:
259:
228:
226:
196:
159:
151:
139:
137:
125:
124:
115:
99:
55:
52:
21:
20:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3024:
3015:Ehsan Yarshater
2988:
2974:Poopak NikTalab
2942:
2933:Ahmad Tafazzoli
2848:
2839:Parviz Shahbazi
2794:Dariush Mehrjui
2754:Abolfazl Jalili
2674:
2592:
2553:Mostafa Mastoor
2518:Simin Daneshvar
2483:
2479:Iraj Pezeshkzad
2474:Mansour Koushan
2421:Simin Daneshvar
2370:
2354:
2338:
2282:
2236:
2220:
2211:She'r-e Nimaa'i
2174:Yadollah Royaee
2149:Siavash Kasraie
2129:Hossein Monzavi
2119:Parvin E'tesami
2106:Hushang Ebtehaj
2096:Simin Behbahani
2051:Qeysar Aminpour
2027:
2010:
1991:
1924:
1914:Neshat Esfahani
1889:
1845:Asir-e Esfahani
1820:
1788:
1723:
1679:
1632:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
1569:Awhadi Maraghai
1552:
1478:Falaki Shirvani
1455:Hassan Ghaznavi
1433:
1429:Mahsati Ganjavi
1389:Uthman Mukhtari
1283:
1191:
1171:
1156:
1147:Drakht-i Asurig
1057:
1040:
1007:
994:
989:
948:
939:
937:
933:
926:
919:
916:
914:Further reading
906:
821:
773:
754:
727:
703:
698:
697:
689:
685:
677:
673:
665:
661:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
625:
617:
613:
605:
598:
590:
577:
569:
565:
557:
553:
545:
541:
533:
526:
518:
514:
506:
502:
494:
490:
482:
473:
465:
450:
445:
416:
414:Ismat Bukhara'i
397:(died 810) and
318:and "Khazars" (
273:
260:
223:
177:
134:
118:Falaki Shirvani
106:Muhammad Falaki
71:
56:
53:
35:
26:
25:Falaki Shirvani
19:
12:
11:
5:
3112:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3054:
3053:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2984:Ramak NikTalab
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Hengameh Mofid
2966:
2964:Babak NikTalab
2961:
2956:
2954:Samad Behrangi
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Saleh Hosseini
2890:
2888:Ramak NikTalab
2885:
2883:Sadegh Hedayat
2880:
2875:
2873:Mohammad Ghazi
2870:
2865:
2863:Jaleh Amouzgar
2860:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Mohammad Sadri
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2799:Reza Mirkarimi
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2734:Bahman Ghobadi
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:Asghar Farhadi
2711:
2706:
2704:Hajir Darioush
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2647:Hengameh Mofid
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2613:Mohsen Yalfani
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2583:Bahram Sadeghi
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Sadegh Hedayat
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Nader Ebrahimi
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2401:Reza Amirkhani
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2366:Muhammad Iqbal
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2334:Satim Ulugzade
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Sadriddin Ayni
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2273:Massoud Nawabi
2270:
2268:Youssof Kohzad
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Wasef Bakhtari
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Sohrab Sepehri
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Nosrat Rahmani
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2066:Ahmad NikTalab
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2047:Hormoz Alipour
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1936:Yaghma Jandaqi
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1901:Hatef Esfahani
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1848:(c. 1620–1648)
1842:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1755:Kamal Khujandi
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1665:Khwaju Kermani
1662:
1657:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:Nizami Ganjavi
1521:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1329:Qatran Tabrizi
1326:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1081:Book of Jamasp
1078:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1008:
996:
995:
988:
987:
980:
973:
965:
959:
958:
946:
915:
912:
911:
910:
904:
878:
836:
825:
820:978-1474484015
819:
803:
790:
777:
772:978-0947593476
771:
758:
752:
731:
725:
702:
699:
696:
695:
683:
681:, p. 576.
671:
659:
647:
635:
633:, p. 169.
623:
611:
596:
594:, p. 764.
575:
563:
551:
539:
524:
512:
508:Bosworth 2011a
500:
496:Bosworth 2011b
488:
486:, p. 575.
471:
469:, p. 277.
447:
446:
444:
441:
272:
269:
176:
173:
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
85:
84:
77:
73:
72:
70:
69:
65:
63:
59:
58:
48:
44:
43:
32:
28:
27:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3111:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3021:
3020:Ahmad Kasravi
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:Ali Latifiyan
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Jafar Shahidi
2926:
2924:
2923:Jalal Sattari
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Mohammad Moin
2906:
2904:
2903:Ahmad Shamlou
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:Lili Golestan
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2739:Fereydun Gole
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Bahram Beyzai
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:Saeed Aghighi
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Bahram Beyzai
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:Short stories
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Abbas Maroufi
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Ahmad Mahmoud
2457:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2436:Reza Ghassemi
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Reza Baraheni
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Loiq Sher-Ali
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Nadia Anjuman
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Ahmad Shamlou
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:Hushang Irani
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Reza Baraheni
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Kalim Kashani
1851:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1816:'Orfi Shirazi
1814:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Salman Savaji
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Badr Shirvani
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1652:Homam Tabrizi
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Pur-Baha Jami
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1545:Shams Tabrizi
1543:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Faramarz Nama
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Ahmad Ghazali
1364:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1337:Nizam al-Mulk
1335:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1300:Nasir Khusraw
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Kisai Marvazi
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Shahid Balkhi
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Menog-i Khrad
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
981:
979:
974:
972:
967:
966:
963:
955:
951:
947:
932:
925:
924:
918:
917:
907:
905:0-521-06936-X
901:
897:
894:. Cambridge:
893:
892:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
861:
856:
852:
848:
843:
837:
833:
832:
826:
822:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
768:
765:. Routledge.
764:
759:
755:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
728:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
704:
693:, p. 99.
692:
687:
680:
675:
669:, p. 90.
668:
663:
657:, p. 59.
656:
651:
645:, p. 78.
644:
639:
632:
631:de Blois 1999
627:
620:
615:
609:, p. 59.
608:
603:
601:
593:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
572:
567:
560:
559:Beelaert 2010
555:
549:, p. 55.
548:
543:
537:, p. 92.
536:
531:
529:
522:, p. 52.
521:
516:
509:
504:
497:
492:
485:
480:
478:
476:
468:
467:de Blois 2004
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3074:1150s deaths
2938:Abbas Zaryab
2814:Jafar Panahi
2784:Majid Majidi
2622:Bahman Forsi
2588:Goli Taraqqi
2513:Javad Mojabi
2503:Sadeq Chubak
2499:Shamim Bahar
2396:Bozorg Alavi
2350:Asad Gulzoda
2207:Nima Yooshij
2144:Bijan Jalali
2061:Aref Qazvini
2009:Contemporary
1944:Mirza Ghalib
1906:Azar Bigdeli
1865:Saba Kashani
1858:Hazin Lāhiji
1837:Saib Tabrizi
1800:Vahshi Bafqi
1784:Baba Faghani
1760:Ahli Shirazi
1735:Ubayd Zakani
1610:Amir Khusrau
1600:(1288–1320s)
1577:Sultan Walad
1477:
1404:Banu Goshasp
1353:Omar Khayyam
1243:Rabia Balkhi
1126:Jamasp Namag
953:
938:. Retrieved
931:the original
922:
890:
865:
858:
830:
810:
798:
785:
782:"Šervānšāhs"
762:
743:
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286:, minted at
279:Coin of the
251:
231:
204:
178:
166:
117:
105:
104:
15:
3069:1107 births
3049:Afghanistan
2853:Translators
2809:Amir Naderi
2679:Screenplays
2662:Pari Saberi
2642:Bijan Mofid
2568:Bijan Najdi
2258:Raziq Faani
2241:Afghanistan
2154:Esmail Khoi
2111:Bijan Elahi
1987:(1813–1893)
1979:(1808–1854)
1971:(1801–1880)
1963:(1800–1871)
1955:(1779–1837)
1947:(1797–1869)
1939:(1782–1859)
1920:(1798–1857)
1909:(1722–1781)
1872:(1642–1720)
1861:(1692–1766)
1840:(1607–1670)
1832:Taleb Amoli
1811:(1500–1588)
1803:(1523–1583)
1779:(1487–1524)
1771:(1483–1556)
1763:(1454–1535)
1655:(1238–1314)
1613:(1253–1325)
1535:(1149–1209)
1527:(1141–1209)
1516:(1126–1189)
1508:(1120–1190)
1468:(1155–1191)
1384:(1098–1131)
1356:(1048–1131)
1348:(1046–1121)
1340:(1018–1092)
1332:(1009–1072)
1319:(1006–1088)
1311:(1058–1111)
1303:(1004–1088)
1138:Warshtmansr
855:Schacht, J.
851:Pellat, Ch.
417: [
403:orientalist
281:Shirvanshah
261: 1155
219:Iranologist
128:Shirvanshah
123:فلکی شروانی
3063:Categories
3045:Tajikistan
2749:Ali Hatami
2657:Akbar Radi
2604:Reza Abdoh
2343:Uzbekistan
2287:Tajikistan
2139:Iraj Mirza
1473:Adib Sabir
1409:Borzu-Nama
1376:Manuchehri
1324:Asadi Tusi
1308:Al-Ghazali
1295:Bābā Tāher
1259:(980–1037)
1251:(967–1049)
1116:Bundahishn
882:Rypka, Jan
864:Volume II:
691:Gould 2022
679:Rypka 1968
667:Gould 2022
655:Gould 2022
643:Gould 2022
619:Hasan 1929
607:Hasan 1929
592:Hasan 1965
571:Hasan 1929
547:Hasan 1929
535:Gould 2022
520:Hasan 1929
484:Rypka 1968
443:References
425:Persianate
399:Abu Tammam
375:Ghaznavids
341:(sorrow),
254:Taqi Kashi
194:tadhkirahs
189:Azerbaijan
62:Occupation
2993:Essayists
1691:Ibn Yamin
1217:Shahnameh
1170:Classical
1026:Ganjnameh
874:495469475
847:Lewis, B.
406:Jan Rypka
395:Abu Nuwas
304:anthology
175:Biography
114:محمد فلکی
2359:Pakistan
2101:Dehkhoda
1776:Ismail I
1626:Golestān
1548:(d.1248)
1445:Iranshah
1256:Avicenna
1213:Ferdowsi
952:(1958).
857:(eds.).
809:(2022).
795:"Šervān"
437:Khurasan
433:Khwarazm
333:habsiyat
320:Kipchaks
288:Shamakhi
267:to him.
242:Shabaran
199:pen name
181:Shamakhi
156:habsiyat
96:Habsiyat
76:Language
37:Shamakhi
2299:Farzona
2225:Armenia
1505:Khaqani
1424:Mu'izzi
1371:Hujwiri
1238:Bal'ami
1076:Dēnkard
888:(ed.).
742:(ed.).
715:(ed.).
701:Sources
429:Bukhara
215:dirhams
185:Shirvan
142:Khaqani
110:Persian
82:Persian
57:Shirvan
41:Shirvan
2379:Novels
2019:Poetry
1768:Fuzuli
1745:Hatefi
1716:Nasimi
1622:Bustan
1513:Anvari
1498:c.1220
1496:(1142–
1279:Ayyuqi
1269:Asjadi
1264:Unsuri
1208:Daqiqi
1203:Rudaki
1055:Middle
902:
872:
853:&
817:
769:
750:
723:
435:, and
359:mihnat
355:Mihnat
343:mihnat
312:Madras
308:Munich
265:eulogy
2597:Plays
1976:Qaani
1929:1800s
1894:1700s
1825:1600s
1793:1500s
1728:1400s
1701:Hafez
1684:1300s
1618:Saadi
1557:1200s
1493:Attar
1483:Am'aq
1438:1100s
1399:Sanai
1288:1000s
940:6 May
934:(PDF)
927:(PDF)
845:. In
738:. In
711:. In
421:]
324:Arran
316:Alans
298:divan
271:Works
238:libel
169:libel
148:divan
90:Genre
3041:Iran
2032:Iran
1750:Jami
1647:Rumi
1196:900s
1180:800s
942:2022
900:ISBN
870:OCLC
815:ISBN
767:ISBN
748:ISBN
721:ISBN
363:ranj
351:Gham
347:ranj
339:gham
68:Poet
47:Died
34:1107
31:Born
1005:Old
866:C–G
306:in
246:ode
229:).
183:in
164:.
3065::
3043:,
1624:/
862:.
849:;
797:.
784:.
599:^
578:^
527:^
474:^
451:^
439:.
431:,
419:fa
377:,
258:c.
225:r.
136:r.
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1628:)
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1215:(
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970:v
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908:.
876:.
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510:.
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