42:
3190:
3184:
3162:
1438:"The country's royal chronicles and other historical sources, which enable us to date events in Ethiopia much more precisely than in most other parts of Africa reveal that no fewer than twenty-three major famines occurred in the two centuries or so from 1540 to 1800, namely in 1540, 1543, 1567, 1611, 1623, 1625, 1633, 1634, 1635, 1636, 1650, 1653, 1678, 1700, 1702, 1747, 1748, 1752, 1783, 1789, 1796, 1797, and 1800."
3150:
1243:
drought-affected areas but no measurable increase in child mortality amongst the general population. Household-level demographic factors, household-level food and livelihood security, community-level economic production, access to potable water, and household receipt of food aid were predictive of child survival. The latter had a small but significant positive association with child survival.
1242:
A severe drought affected 13.2 million people in 2002/2003. Program data showed that thousands of adults and children died despite the large scale humanitarian response. However, despite the drought being the most extensive in the country's modern history, there was a higher child mortality in
922:, insisting that if he did not feed them, they would die. In response, the Emperor and his nobles fed an uncountable number of the destitute for two months. The Emperor reportedly extended his charity to all those in need, whether they be a Jew, "disloyal or a murderer."
734:
describes, Emir Nur "exerted every effort to help his people to recover, but after every respite the Oromo would again descend like locusts and scourge the country, and Nur himself died (975/1567–8) of the pestilence which spread during the famine."
1231:
had a death toll of 1.2 million, leaving "400,000 refugees outside the country, 2.5 million people internally displaced, and almost 200,000 orphans." The majority of the dead were from Tigray and other parts of northern
Ethiopia.
666:'s army: "When they entered Tigray each Muslim had fifty mules; some of them even one-hundred. When they left, each one of them had only one or two mules." Amongst the dead was the Imam's young son Ahmad al-Nagasi.
1713:
585:
that consumed the surplus. Due to a number of causes, the peasants have lacked incentives to either improve production or to store their excess crops; as a result, they lived from
1212:
200,000. This famine spread throughout northern provinces. Failure to adequately handle this crisis contributed to the fall of the
Imperial government and the rise of
1067:
folklore has it that, the land "became dry and there was great hunger. The Siger went away to the east to Moru Eris, where most of them died of heat and starvation."
1005:, settled many "needy people" in his villages as guards. "And hearing of this report... many commanders who acted as he did adopted his example for themselves."
1718:
3054:
1256:
During the Tigray War, the
Ethiopian federal government blocked food and humanitarian aid from entering the region as a weaponization of hunger. This led to a
1324:
955:
2041:
1269:
998:
543:
367:
3234:
2169:
3079:
2068:
436:
2992:
600:, as of 2016, about 80% of the population are poor farmers who still live from harvest to harvest and are vulnerable to crop failures.
2391:
1875:
3024:
2715:
2614:
396:
676:
Contemporary accounts, collected by
Richard Pankhurst, describe this famine as "worse than that which occurred at the time of the
2551:
2255:
582:
480:
2051:
1452:
386:
2272:
1781:
204:
2682:
2011:
1984:
1819:
1265:
299:
3253:
3084:
3154:
2640:
1888:
1107:
594:
319:
259:
2976:
2085:
536:
497:
309:
41:
3263:
3227:
2730:
2305:
2056:
1824:
1354:
1228:
2021:
3125:
3059:
2262:
2136:
3074:
2411:
2267:
2243:
2063:
1754:
1693:
1516:
279:
1470:
Pankhurst, Richard. 1972. "The
History of Famine and Pestilence in Ethiopia Prior to the Founding of Gondär."
746:
The heavy rains that fell this year and extreme cold caused extensive crop failures in the northern provinces.
2521:
2502:
2376:
2282:
2221:
2131:
2116:
1868:
249:
3258:
2440:
2325:
2320:
1934:
1325:"Ethiopia's drought: On the edge of disaster: The government's achievements appear increasingly precarious"
1043:
529:
490:
485:
470:
426:
406:
329:
125:
21:
3220:
3099:
3089:
3002:
2908:
2546:
2531:
2497:
86:
2971:
2457:
2250:
2186:
2141:
2121:
2046:
1994:
1205:
677:
376:
172:
2881:
2705:
2472:
2401:
2363:
2226:
2176:
2126:
1989:
1848:
1374:
Plague as a
Possible Factor for the Decline and Collapse of the Aksumite Empire: a New Interpretation
1289:
1372:
1116:
Lack of rainfall from as early as 16 November 1888 led to famine in all but southernmost provinces;
793:—this famine lasted for several years and was said to have been caused by unusually large swarms of
2886:
2675:
2509:
2462:
2452:
2421:
2156:
2080:
1939:
1861:
1299:
1257:
416:
229:
2828:
2514:
2396:
2386:
2358:
2310:
2287:
2001:
1976:
1284:
590:
578:
269:
1815:"Continued conflict in Tigray coupled with low economic activity drives Emergency (IPC Phase 4)"
2997:
2955:
2950:
2833:
2710:
2492:
2233:
1961:
239:
150:
1587:
Lamphear, John. 1988. "The People of the Grey Bull: The Origin and
Expansion of the Turkana."
3208:
3064:
2928:
2767:
2526:
2467:
2426:
2277:
2238:
2181:
2095:
1571:
1447:
987:
731:
1771:
3094:
3049:
3017:
3012:
2938:
2913:
2869:
2604:
2589:
2541:
2406:
2297:
2209:
2146:
2016:
1904:
58:
8:
3200:
3165:
2943:
2774:
2725:
2668:
2633:
2566:
2416:
2346:
2315:
2164:
2108:
2031:
2006:
1929:
1896:
574:
563:
475:
339:
289:
30:
3069:
3007:
2795:
2784:
2762:
2757:
2746:
2487:
2381:
1919:
1600:
1533:
1528:
Pankhurst, Richard. 1966. "The Great
Ethiopian Famine of 1888-1892: A New Assessment."
1475:
1429:
1424:
Pankhurst, Richard. 1966. "The Great
Ethiopian Famine of 1888-1892: A New Assessment."
1179:
1111:
502:
3044:
2918:
2811:
2720:
2649:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2579:
2556:
2191:
1946:
1777:
1750:
1689:
1512:
1401:
821:
790:
779:
507:
115:
1800:
757:(literally 'whom did it leave?'). Many people died, particularly in the province of
3120:
3115:
2901:
2896:
2779:
2735:
2482:
1966:
1956:
1924:
1914:
1592:
1504:
1264:
acute food insecurity situation in most of Tigray except for
Western Tigray by the
901:
797:. The Jesuits also took this opportunity to convert famine victims to Catholicism.
723:
712:
708:
641:
184:
160:
95:
878:
Cost of grain inflated; this led to the death of many mules, horses, and donkeys.
3130:
2891:
1971:
1731:
1304:
1294:
719:
652:
194:
3204:
3135:
2583:
2368:
2330:
1393:
1144:
epidemic (1889–90), and cholera outbreaks (1889–92), forcing the coronation of
1089:
1064:
893:
597:
1596:
1110:
of the 1890s, introduced from Indian cattle brought by the Italians for their
3247:
2874:
2823:
2574:
1951:
1329:
1251:
1002:
786:
681:
105:
2923:
932:
This famine is attributed to locusts. There was also an epidemic of fever (
817:
2806:
1747:
Dawit Wolde Giorgis, "Red Tears: War, Famine, and Revolution in Ethiopia"
1686:
Mesfin Wolde Mariam, "Rural Vulnerability to Famine in Ethiopia: 1958-77"
1125:
1121:
897:
663:
1849:
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Agency (DPPA) of Ethiopia Home page
1814:
1537:
1479:
1433:
1260:
that the Ethiopian Parliament classified, as of January 2021, as a
2691:
2536:
2073:
2036:
1145:
813:
750:
446:
349:
1604:
2861:
994:
937:
809:
3189:
1853:
3183:
2933:
2856:
2817:
1884:
1141:
1129:
1093:
635:
567:
1659:. Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press. pp. 216–22.
1060:
915:
840:
836:
782:
758:
586:
1909:
68:
2838:
1117:
1017:
951:
919:
794:
727:
2660:
1137:
1133:
1054:
889:
702:
2026:
1509:
Wax and Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture
1213:
556:
List of famines that occurred throughout Ethiopian history
1801:"Child survival during the 2002–2003 drought in Ethiopia"
1620:(Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie I University Press), p. 217
1078:
Rains failed, leading to famine and "great mortality".
3055:
International Conference on Population and Development
1795:
1793:
1530:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
1426:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
1140:. Conditions worsened with a typhus epidemic, a major
1773:
Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia
1717:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the
593:
in the country during the last 120 years, especially
589:
to harvest. Despite the extensive modernization and
1790:
1359:
An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia
3245:
914:Starving peasants were said to have appealed to
1714:Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid
1456:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 94.
990:, "there was a famine over all the provinces."
950:According to Pankhurst. A European visitor to
3228:
2676:
1869:
1270:Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
537:
3080:United Nations world population conferences
1576:The Royal Chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769-1840
1020:, and blamed on an infestation of locusts.
3235:
3221:
2993:Population and housing censuses by country
2683:
2669:
1876:
1862:
888:This may have been the famine that struck
562:have occurred periodically throughout the
544:
530:
1738:
2716:Estimates of historical world population
1511:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1088:A cattle plague in 1879 spread from the
1016:This famine was particularly serious in
662:, this famine took a heavy toll on Imam
1744:
1673:A History of Modern Ethiopia: 1855–1974
1551:Annales, Iohannis I, Iyasu I et Bakaffa
3246:
1092:region, causing famine as far west as
2664:
1883:
1857:
1707:
1705:
1667:
1665:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1493:Chronica de Susenyos, rei de Ethiopia
1114:, killed approximately 90% of cattle.
3177:
3149:
1820:Famine Early Warning Systems Network
1769:
1675:. London: James Currey. p. 196.
1466:
1464:
1462:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1389:
1387:
1370:
1350:
1348:
1266:Famine Early Warning Systems Network
1262:crisis (phase 3)/emergency (phase 4)
812:, as accounted by Ethiopian Emperor
808:This famine fell under the reign of
3085:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
789:, Gaspar Pais, Thomas Barneto, and
13:
1702:
1662:
1578:. Cambridge: The University Press.
1556:
1182:had a death toll of over 100,000.
1158:Price of grain increased 30-fold.
603:
14:
3275:
2977:Population and Development Review
1842:
1776:. Human Rights Watch. p. 5.
1459:
1407:
1384:
1380:. Mekelle University. p. 50.
1345:
958:, is silent about this disaster.
843:, which then spread into Tigray.
778:Accounted by both Ethiopians and
3188:
3182:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3025:Population concern organizations
2731:Projections of population growth
1046:died on campaign due to famine.
974:The Royal Chronicle of Abyssinia
753:, the plague was referred to as
707:The famine was accompanied with
40:
3126:Human impact on the environment
3060:Population Action International
1827:from the original on 2021-02-10
1807:
1763:
1724:
1678:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1581:
1543:
1522:
827:It is said that an epidemic of
694:Pankhurst provides no details.
640:Massive loss of life including
3075:United Nations Population Fund
2690:
1589:The Journal of African History
1498:
1491:Pereira, F. M. Esteves. 1900.
1485:
1441:
1364:
1317:
1124:infestations destroy crops in
1059:This famine was followed by a
968:This famine is referred to as
854:Pankhurst provides no details
1:
1745:Giorgis, Dawit Wolde (1989).
1732:"Ethiopia profile - Timeline"
1310:
1209:
768:
749:Occurring under the reign of
3207:. You can help Knowledge by
1734:. BBC News. 12 October 2020.
1657:Economic History of Ethiopia
1644:Economic History of Ethiopia
1631:Economic History of Ethiopia
1618:Economic History of Ethiopia
1472:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
1229:1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia
1108:African rinderpest epizootic
820:(supposedly) and by Jesuits
7:
3100:World Population Foundation
3090:World Population Conference
3003:World population milestones
2042:Federal Democratic Republic
1770:Waal, Alexander De (1991).
1278:
1193:Famine broke out in Wollo.
10:
3280:
3254:Food and drink in Ethiopia
3176:
2972:Population and Environment
1655:Pankhurst, Richard. 1968.
1371:Yohannes, Gebre Selassie.
622:First half of 9th century
280:Second Italo–Ethiopian War
3144:
3108:
3033:
2985:
2964:
2882:Human population planning
2847:
2793:
2744:
2706:Demographics of the world
2698:
2627:
2565:
2448:
2439:
2354:
2345:
2296:
2217:
2208:
2155:
2107:
2103:
2094:
1895:
1597:10.1017/S0021853700035970
1398:The Conquest of Abyssinia
1361:. London: Lalibela House.
1290:Food security in Ethiopia
1001:, who was then living in
616:
610:
330:Eritrean Independence War
250:First Italo–Ethiopian War
2887:Compulsory sterilization
2064:War in Somalia (2006–09)
1355:Pankhurst, Richard R. K.
1300:List of famines in China
1112:campaign against Somalia
785:—including Jerome Lobo,
437:Ethiopian civil conflict
387:Eritrean border conflict
3264:Ethiopian history stubs
2829:Malthusian growth model
1285:Agriculture in Ethiopia
1148:to be a subdued event.
579:subsistence agriculture
320:Federation with Eritrea
205:Ottoman border conflict
126:Amda Seyon's Expansions
3203:–related article is a
2956:Zero population growth
2951:Sustainable population
2875:Malthusian catastrophe
2834:Overshoot (population)
2711:Demographic transition
2392:Industrial development
2306:National Defense Force
2047:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1572:Weld-Blundell, Herbert
1448:Trimingham, J. Spencer
1394:Stenhouse, Paul Lester
1206:1972–1975 Wollo famine
892:between the reigns of
655:(famine and epidemic)
627:Followed by epidemic.
598:Emperor Haile Selassie
377:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
116:Early Solomonic period
3065:Population Connection
2929:Mere addition paradox
2768:Physiological density
2086:Territorial evolution
1981:Italo-Ethiopian wars
1268:(FEWS NET) under the
1063:outbreak in 1830–31.
988:Herbert Weld Blundell
732:J. Spencer Trimingham
614:Main region affected
310:Italian guerrilla war
3095:World Population Day
3050:Church of Euthanasia
2939:Non-identity problem
2914:Political demography
2870:Human overpopulation
2615:World Heritage Sites
2552:Water and sanitation
1977:Menelik's Expansions
1671:Zewde, Bahru. 1991,
1208:had a death toll of
824:and Diego de Mattos.
718:It saw the death of
658:As described in the
143:Early modern history
3259:Famines in Ethiopia
2944:Reproductive rights
2775:Population dynamics
2726:Population momentum
1711:Gill, Peter. 2010.
972:('my sickness') in
560:Famines in Ethiopia
417:East Africa drought
340:Ethiopian Civil War
290:Italian East Africa
240:Menelik's Invasions
3070:Population Matters
2785:Population pyramid
2763:Population density
2758:Population decline
2412:Telecommunications
2326:Army of the Empire
2007:Italian occupation
1962:Ethiopian–Adal War
1920:Kingdom of Wolaita
1553:. Louvain. p. 231.
1224:Tigray and Wollo
1180:1958 Tigray famine
900:, as mentioned by
751:Emperor Susenyos I
491:Army of the Empire
178:1557 – 17th cent.
166:1543 – 17th cent.
151:Ethiopian–Adal War
3216:
3215:
3201:Ethiopian history
3174:
3173:
3045:7 Billion Actions
2919:Population ethics
2812:Carrying capacity
2721:Population growth
2658:
2657:
2623:
2622:
2522:Human trafficking
2435:
2434:
2341:
2340:
2283:Foreign relations
2273:Political parties
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2057:2018 peace summit
1947:Solomonic dynasty
1783:978-1-56432-038-4
1505:Levine, Donald N.
1453:Islam in Ethiopia
1402:TSEHAI Publishers
1276:
1275:
822:Manoel de Almeida
810:Emperor Fasilides
791:Manoel de Almeida
554:
553:
455:
454:
358:
357:
213:
212:
134:
133:
77:
76:
3271:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3151:
3121:Green Revolution
2902:Two-child policy
2897:One-child policy
2820:
2780:Population model
2736:World population
2685:
2678:
2671:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2636:
2446:
2445:
2372:
2352:
2351:
2321:Military history
2215:
2214:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2022:1974 coup d'Ă©tat
1967:Gondarine period
1957:Kingdom of Kaffa
1925:Ethiopian Empire
1915:Kingdom of Aksum
1878:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1585:
1579:
1569:
1554:
1549:Guidi, I. 1905.
1547:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1468:
1457:
1445:
1439:
1422:
1405:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1368:
1362:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1321:
1211:
902:Donald N. Levine
816:and philosopher
773:
770:
660:Futuh al-Habasha
644:'s aristocrats.
642:Makhzumi dynasty
608:
607:
546:
539:
532:
471:Economic history
373:
372:
226:
225:
185:Gondarine period
179:
167:
161:Oromo migrations
147:
146:
92:
91:
55:
54:
44:
34:
16:
15:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3170:
3140:
3104:
3038:
3036:
3029:
2981:
2960:
2909:Overconsumption
2892:Family planning
2849:
2843:
2816:
2800:
2797:
2789:
2751:
2748:
2740:
2694:
2689:
2659:
2654:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2619:
2561:
2547:Public holidays
2532:Law enforcement
2431:
2370:
2337:
2292:
2196:
2151:
2090:
2052:Border conflict
1972:Zemene Mesafint
1910:Kingdom of DĘżmt
1891:
1882:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1527:
1523:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1486:
1469:
1460:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1423:
1408:
1396:, trans. 2003.
1392:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1353:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1305:List of famines
1295:Famine in India
1281:
1115:
1032:Royal Chronicle
991:
956:Remedius Prutky
916:Emperor Iyasu I
825:
771:
747:
720:Nur ibn Mujahid
716:
713:Oromo expansion
606:
604:List of famines
557:
550:
521:
520:
519:
465:
457:
456:
397:Police massacre
370:
360:
359:
223:
215:
214:
195:Zemene Mesafint
177:
165:
144:
136:
135:
89:
79:
78:
52:
32:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3277:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3196:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3136:Sustainability
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3109:Related topics
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
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3209:expanding it
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2965:Publications
2924:Antinatalism
2862:
2839:World3 model
2699:Major topics
2510:Human rights
2477:
2463:Demographics
2453:Architecture
2422:Trade unions
2222:Constitution
2012:World War II
1940:regnal lists
1829:. Retrieved
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1740:
1726:
1712:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1656:
1651:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1617:
1612:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1550:
1545:
1529:
1524:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1471:
1451:
1443:
1425:
1397:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1335:. Retrieved
1328:
1319:
1261:
1031:
993:
992:
973:
969:
936:), possibly
933:
865:
864:Epidemic of
839:) afflicted
832:
828:
826:
818:Walda Heywet
754:
748:
717:
659:
617:Description
572:
559:
558:
514:
441:2018–present
300:World War II
100:100 – 940 AD
73:980 – 400 BC
2848:Society and
2807:Biocapacity
2397:Land reform
2387:Foreign aid
2359:Agriculture
2288:Foreign aid
2137:Earthquakes
2002:World War I
1905:Prehistoric
1642:Pankhurst,
1629:Pankhurst,
1616:Pankhurst,
1126:Akele Guzay
1122:caterpillar
999:Hailu Eshte
940:, in 1747.
898:Sebastyanos
772: 1627
678:destruction
664:Ahmad Gragn
591:land reform
583:aristocracy
568:the country
481:Aristocracy
270:World War I
230:Unification
87:Middle Ages
31:History of
3248:Categories
3035:Events and
2850:population
2796:Population
2747:Population
2692:Population
2590:Literature
2493:Healthcare
2371:(currency)
2268:Parliament
2234:Government
2074:Tigray war
2037:Ogaden War
2017:Revolution
1831:2021-02-10
1756:0932415342
1695:0946688036
1517:0226475638
1311:References
1248:2021–2022
1146:Menelik II
814:Zara Yaqob
780:Portuguese
755:manan tita
699:1567–1570
581:, with an
447:Tigray war
350:Ogaden War
59:Prehistory
3131:Migration
3008:6 billion
2527:Languages
2468:Education
2427:Transport
2377:Companies
2316:Air Force
2278:Elections
2239:President
2170:Governors
2132:Volcanoes
2117:Mountains
2096:Geography
2032:Civil War
1495:. Lisboa.
1030:From the
995:Dejazmach
938:influenza
498:Expansion
451:2020–2022
431:2014–2016
421:2011–2012
411:2006–2009
391:1998–2018
381:1998–2000
354:1977–1978
344:1974–1991
334:1961–1991
324:1952–1962
314:1941–1943
294:1936–1941
284:1935–1936
274:1914–1918
264:1913–1974
254:1895–1896
244:1878–1904
234:1855–1913
209:1832–1848
199:1769–1855
189:1632–1769
155:1527–1543
130:1314–1344
120:1270–1529
3166:Category
2934:Natalism
2857:Eugenics
2650:Category
2605:Religion
2542:Polygamy
2498:Maternal
2407:Taxation
2298:Military
2210:Politics
1889:articles
1885:Ethiopia
1825:Archived
1719:original
1646:, p. 220
1574:. 1922.
1540:. p. 97.
1538:24621531
1480:41965857
1450:. 1952.
1436:. p. 96.
1434:24621531
1337:15 March
1279:See also
1221:1984–85
1198:1972–75
1153:1913–14
1142:smallpox
1130:Begemder
1101:1888–92
1094:Begemder
1083:1880–81
1044:Soldiers
927:1747–48
802:1634–35
508:Aksumite
503:Currency
486:Military
110:900–1270
33:Ethiopia
22:a series
20:Part of
3155:Commons
2798:ecology
2749:biology
2634:Outline
2580:Cuisine
2567:Culture
2503:Women's
2478:Famines
2441:Society
2417:Tourism
2347:Economy
2263:Council
2227:history
2182:Woredas
2165:Regions
2109:Geology
1985:1887–89
1930:Emperor
1897:History
1272:(IPC).
1175:Tigray
1118:locusts
1065:Sengwer
1061:cholera
841:Dembiya
837:cholera
829:kantara
805:Tigray
795:locusts
783:Jesuits
759:Dembiya
680:of the
587:harvest
575:economy
564:history
515:Famines
476:Emperor
63:
2865:genics
2610:Sports
2537:People
2488:Health
2382:Energy
2192:Kebele
2187:Cities
2122:Rivers
1995:Second
1887:
1780:
1753:
1692:
1605:182237
1603:
1536:
1515:
1507:1965.
1478:
1432:
1357:1961.
1258:famine
1252:Tigray
1216:rule.
1201:Wollo
1190:Wollo
1075:Shewa
1018:Gondar
970:həmame
952:Gondar
934:gunfan
920:Gondar
833:fangul
728:typhus
709:plague
653:Tigray
464:Topics
24:on the
3199:This
2986:Lists
2641:Index
2600:Music
2595:Media
2557:Women
2369:Birr
2364:Banks
2177:Zones
2147:Fauna
2142:Flora
2127:Lakes
1990:First
1601:JSTOR
1534:JSTOR
1476:JSTOR
1430:JSTOR
1378:(PDF)
1237:2003
1187:1966
1172:1958
1163:1929
1138:Harar
1134:Shewa
1072:1835
1055:Shewa
1051:1829
1038:1800
1025:1797
1011:1796
981:1789
963:1783
945:1752
909:1702
890:Shewa
883:1700
873:1678
866:kabab
859:1653
849:1650
767:1625–
741:1611
730:: as
726:, by
703:Harar
689:1543
671:1540
649:1535
636:Harar
632:1272
611:Year
595:under
96:Aksum
3205:stub
2584:wine
2515:LGBT
2483:Flag
2331:Navy
2256:list
2244:list
2027:Derg
1935:list
1778:ISBN
1751:ISBN
1690:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1339:2016
1227:The
1214:Derg
1204:The
1178:The
1120:and
1106:The
1090:Adal
1003:Este
896:and
711:and
573:The
401:2005
304:1941
69:DĘżmt
2863:Dys
2575:Art
1593:doi
918:at
831:or
684:."
566:of
3250::
1817:.
1792:^
1749:.
1704:^
1688:.
1664:^
1599:.
1558:^
1461:^
1409:^
1386:^
1347:^
1327:.
1210:c.
1132:,
1128:,
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769:c.
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722:,
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