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to obtain the right holder's permission (US District Court, Stephanie Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., Universal Music
Publishing Inc., and Universal Music Publishing Group, Case No. 5:07-cv-03783-JF, January 24, 2013). Given the emergence of today's "remix" culture, and the legal uncertainty surrounding remixes and mash-ups, the time would appear to be ripe for policy makers to take a new look at copyright law.
78:, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in quality, as well as in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to full-length motion pictures. Fan films are also examples of
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was known to actively discourage the creation of fan movies in the 1990s. In 2008, however, DC Comics changed its tune when its president, Paul Levitz, gave provisional permission to fan filmmakers, stating definitively, "We’re against anything that monetizes our assets and our copyrights without our
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in 2013 a district court ruled that copyright owners do not have the right to simply take down content before undertaking a legal analysis to determine whether the remixed work could fall under fair use, a concept in US copyright law which permits limited use of copyrighted material without the need
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Canada is one of a few countries, if not the only one, to have introduced into its copyright law a new exception for non-commercial user-generated content. Article 29 of Canada's
Copyright Modernization Act (2012) states that there is no infringement if: (i) the use is done solely for non-commercial
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Two fan films based on the Harry Potter "Wizarding World" received the attention of Warner Bros. after both films attempted to raise money through crowdfunding: the 2016 film "Severus Snape and the
Marauders" and the 2018 Italian film "Voldemort: Origins of the Heir". After private discussions with
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franchise. In order to protect Toho's intellectual property and to avoid confusion in the marketplace, the filmmakers agreed to a number of conditions, including that the film would not have the word "Godzilla" in the title, that the filmmakers would not receive profits from the film, and that no
557:, the film was shot using iPhones and was uploaded to YouTube on January 25, 2020. The shot-for-shot remake uses the film's original audio. According to Screen Crush, Pixar's parent company Walt Disney Studios gave the McGrews permission to release the film online.
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purpose; (ii) the original source is mentioned; (iii) the individual has reasonable ground to believe that he or she is not infringing copyright; and (iv) the remix does not have a "substantial adverse effect" on the exploitation of the existing work.
964:. This trend results in artists (like the fans mentioned in this article) needing the permission of the copyright owner to engage in mashups or acts of remixing. In Lessig's view, this new phenomena limits creativity. To help artists mitigate the
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universe to documentaries about the show and its fandom. The two winning shorts were featured in their entirety as bonus features on the Series VIII DVD release, along with a montage of clips from the runner-up entries and a short intro clip from
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goal of $ 25,000, receiving only $ 16,025 from 186 backers. On July 18, 2014, a second
Kickstarter campaign for the film was created, this time reaching a set goal of $ 10,000, receiving $ 19,554 from 193 backers. Following the release of a
428:, have been well received by critics, who praised the quality of the production and stated that the show set a new standard for Star Trek fan films, while highlighting the resemblance of the episodes with those of the original series.
313:, with the toy characters animated through stop motion, puppetry, and live actors for the human characters, while using audio from the film. It received a positive response from critics, and the original filmmakers.
581:"We got in touch with Tolkien Enterprises and reached an understanding with them that as long as we are completely non-profit then we're okay. They are supportive of the way fans wish to express their enthusiasm."
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film series; the only known copy resides in the
University of South Carolina's Newsfilm Library. Various amateur filmmakers created their own fan films throughout the ensuing decades, including a teenaged
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permission. We are not against things where people use our assets if they don't do anything monetarily with them." Similarly, Paramount took a more welcoming stance towards fan filmmakers in the 2000s.
768:. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, Paramount had a more relaxed approach towards Star Trek fan films, with Star Trek actors frequently participating in various fan productions, such as
661:. However, this restriction was lifted for the 2007 awards. Lucasfilm's limited support and sanction of fan creations is a marked contrast to the attitudes of many other copyright holders.
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filmed a series of short black and white "underground films", based on adventure and comic book characters from 1940s and 1950s motion picture serials. Around the same time, artist
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by way of a drawing posted on the wall in the
Ghostbusters firehouse headquarters. The child's drawing of a Ghostbuster is signed by a fictional character created in the fan film.
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Warner Bros., production on both films were allowed to continue with the agreement that they no longer use crowdfunding to raise money for the films and that they be non-profit.
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for use in fan films, a number of the writers have consented to allow the monsters and supporting characters they created to be used in direct-to-video productions (see
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was released. The film follows three childhood friends, Eric Zala, Chris
Strompolos, and Jayson Lamb, from 1982 to 1989 as they set out to make their fan film of
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444:, attracted over 4 million downloads and has been released on DVD in several countries, making it possibly the most successful Finnish movie-production to date.
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941:. These films are hybrid by nature—neither fully commercial nor fully alternative. Fan films represent a potentially important third space between the two.
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by the original filmmakers, they are rarely distributed commercially for legal reasons. They are exhibited by various other methods, including showings at
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289:. Using the original film's screenplay and score, it principally starred and was filmed, directed, and produced over a seven-year period by three
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acknowledged that creative fan activities on copyrighted works might fall under fair use and requested that copyright holders check and respect
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In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, there were many unofficial foreign remakes of
American films that today may be considered fan films, such as
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based on popular franchises and comic book characters, before evolving into a full-fledged entertainment brand. His films includes
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121:, but the technology required to make fan films was a limiting factor until relatively recently. In the 1960s UCLA film student
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110:, which was produced in 1926 by a pair of itinerant filmmakers. Shot in Anderson, South Carolina, the short is based on the
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started as a fan production, but has since attracted support from several crew and cast members from the different
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Most of the more prominent science fiction films and television shows are represented in fan films; these include
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823:. The project, conceived by filmmakers Timothy Schiefer and Greg Graves, was unsuccessful in meeting its initial
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allowed its writers to retain the rights to characters and plot elements that they created - most famously with
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explicitly added an exemption which allows non-commercial creation of fan film material. A 2013 US court ruling
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Also, lawmakers strengthened fan activities in recent years by extending fair use cases; for instance, in 2012
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points out, fan films are shaped by the intersection between contemporary trends toward media convergence and
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776:'s attempts to profit from their unreleased feature film, Paramount tightened its stance on fan productions.
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sponsored a fan film contest of their own in 2005, inspired by an earlier fan film production in 2001 called
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1776:"First Look: Original 'IT' Miniseries Actor Returns in Short Film 'Georgie,' Which Just Wrapped Production"
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716:. This made them among the first fan films to be commercially released by a property's original creators.
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argued that for the first time in history, creativity by default is subject to regulation due to growing
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The popularity of fan productions brought about by affordable consumer equipment and animation programs (
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1834:"[Video] Short Film 'Georgie' Brings the Star of the Original 'IT' Miniseries Back to Derry!"
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produced 50 episodes over seven seasons – compared to only 34 episodes for the 1970s sci-fi series
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1716:"Georgie Actor From the Original 'IT' Miniseries is Reprising the Role for a Fan Made Short Film!"
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Young, Clive (2008) Homemade
Hollywood: Fans Behind The Camera, Continuum Books, New York / London
634:, has prompted several studios to adapt their official policies and programs regarding fan films.
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rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been
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which could be described as a fan film. But it wasn't until the 1970s that the popularization of
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1634:"Godzilla: Heritage on Facebook: "To our backers and fans, This will be a long announcement...""
1177:"'Toy Story 3' Fans Spent Eight Years Recreating the Film in Stop-Motion With Real Toys — Watch"
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video game franchise. However, after a cease-and-desist from
Nintendo based on the usage of the
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Some fan film productions achieve significant quantity and or quality. For instance, the series
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1859:"Quentin Tarantino's Star Wars?: Digital Cinema, Media Convergence, and Participatory Culture"
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1801:"John Campopiano on Instagram: 'Our new short film GEORGIE premieres on Friday March 22!...'"
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provisions, fan films made without official authorization might exist in a legal grey area.
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gained much notoriety in the early 2000s for a series of fan films he produced featuring
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882:. The short also stars Ben Heller who played young Stanley Uris in the miniseries.
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teenagers (Chris Strompolos, Eric Zala, and Jayson Lamb). In 2015, the documentary
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and science fiction conventions, and distribution as homemade videos, ranging from
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2016:
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Iowa brothers Morgan and Mason McGrew spent eight years recreating the 2010 film
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In 2012, two Arizona-based teenagers, Jonason Pauley and Jesse Perrotta, made a
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1609:"Stills Released for Godzilla: Heritage, and They Look Monstrously Impressive"
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film festival (respectively) in May 2009 and was released on the internet.
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1537:"A Fox in Space is an irreverent Star Fox animated series with '70s style"
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In August 2018, it was announced that a fan-made short film, based on the
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Fan (disambiguation) § Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
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2006:
1690:"Warner Bros Gives Their Blessing To Fan Film About Voldemort's Origin"
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DC Comics Officially OKs Fan Films - fancinematoday.com, April 24, 2008
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542:. Other films in the trilogy will be released on the internet in 2013.
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Superman The Super 8 Movie Stills - fancinematoday, September 10, 2008
772:. However, following the 2015 controversy surrounding the team behind
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1742:"Georgie: IT fan film will bring back mini-series actor Tony Dakota"
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intellectual property, Gafford changed the name of the webseries to
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How Disney learned to stop worrying and love copyright infringement
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on March 22, 2019 and was released online on June 10, 2019 on the
630:, along with the ease of distribution created by the Internet and
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was released over the internet, a 10,000 Euro production based on
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1511:"Crowdfunded 'Star Trek' Movie Draws Lawsuit from Paramount, CBS"
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Quirk, Justin (2002-06-09). "The Real Adventures of Spider-Dan".
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from the miniseries, centers on the idea of how the narrative of
631:
535:
525:
242:). Because fan films generally utilize characters and storylines
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was prevented from showing in 2004 due to copyright claims from
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Due to copyright protection, trademark protection and limited
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allowed fans to show their films to the wider fan community.
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which are reworks of fans on already released film material.
59:
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Some copyright holders opened up for the idea of fan films:
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Still, fan films often operate under the radar or IP owners
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live action shot for shot remake of the 1995 animated film,
2878:
2558:
2548:
1310:
1307:"Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma"
1281:
1278:"Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma"
833:
55:
2232:
1582:"Godzilla: Heritage Phase One by Perception Entertainment"
1255:
1056:
752:
fan films in the 1980s, such as the animated film series
736:
has similarly shown hostility to an internet-distributed
733:
263:
255:
919:. While some scenes were shown in the 2016 documentary
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may have continued that Georgie had not been killed by
832:
for the film in 2016, the filmmakers were contacted by
645:, launched in 2000. The awards formerly permitted only
539:
2207:
1079:"Ghostbusters Video Game Gives Fan Films A Shout Out!"
779:
From 2010 to 2015, animator Matthew Gafford developed
296:
Raiders!: The Story of the Greatest Fan Film Ever Made
1211:"High-Def 'Hunt For Gollum' New Lord of the Fanvids"
686:. While the BBC has never licensed the character of
1356:"Lucasfilm Backs Site for 'Star Wars' Fans' Shorts"
1009:
1007:
1005:
1894:
1808:
672:Unlike many American TV shows, the British series
16:Film created by fans inspired by original material
1138:. The Wizard of Stone Mountain. February 5, 2013.
850:1990 two-episode television miniseries adaptation
841:further crowdfunding campaigns could be created.
724:In 2008, a cease and desist letter was issued by
37:outside a booth screening the 2010 fan-made film
3710:
1557:"Godzilla: Heritage by Perception Entertainment"
1498:Art Binninger's Star Trix: Of Clay and Cardboard
1002:
1025:"Sandy Collora's World's Finest trailer is out"
637:The highest profile of these programs has been
1769:
1767:
3034:
2248:
1952:
508:garnered recognition and an endorsement from
968:impact of copyright law, Lessig founded the
576:as long they are non-commercial activities.
534:in 2011 and has premiered at conventions in
1764:
1420:"To Boldly Go Where No Fan Has Gone Before"
836:, the company which owns the rights to the
719:
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3027:
2255:
2241:
1959:
1945:
1298:
1269:
1076:
922:Jack Smith and the Destruction of Atlantis
1886:
1174:
1129:"Master of the Universe: The Fan Trilogy"
1022:
436:, a Finnish feature-length spoof of both
1469:"MGM Kills Historic James Bond Fan Film"
1347:
483:On September 27, 2009, Italian fan film
29:
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1773:
1713:
1508:
1304:
1275:
1243:
1044:
856:'s 1986 epic supernatural horror novel
617:
502:Dan Poole's stunt work in his fan film
272:Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Adaptation
3711:
1926:Download Lessig's Remix, Then Remix It
1892:
1606:
1353:
1239:
1237:
1205:
1147:
925:, the film is lost for the most part.
746:actively pursued legal action against
3022:
2708:Organization for Transformative Works
2236:
2147:Organization for Transformative Works
1940:
1863:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1439:"Max Payne Fan Film Shot Down By Fox"
1246:"Making Middle-earth on a shoestring"
1187:from the original on January 31, 2020
1107:
1047:"Making Middle-earth on a shoestring"
476:features a small nod to the fan film
1739:
1175:Lattanzio, Ryan (January 30, 2022).
862:, was being produced under the name
415:series, as well as a wide audience.
1877:"Mashups, Remix, and Copyright Law"
1774:Squires, John (November 19, 2018).
1234:
805:was released online in April 2016.
657:entries, while prohibiting serious
13:
3344:List of American independent films
1874:
1607:Fisher, Kieran (January 9, 2017).
643:Official Star Wars Fan Film Awards
14:
3750:
1714:Squires, John (August 10, 2018).
902:
70:, book, or video game created by
1740:Dick, Jeremy (August 11, 2018).
1640:. March 13, 2017. Archived from
1305:Rostama, Guilda (June 1, 2015).
1276:Rostama, Guilda (June 1, 2015).
888:Boston Underground Film Festival
3254:Experimental musical instrument
1966:
1919:
1868:
1851:
1832:Squires, John (June 10, 2019).
1825:
1807:. March 6, 2019. Archived from
1793:
1733:
1707:
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1600:
1574:
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1529:
1502:
1491:
1461:
1431:
1412:
1394:
1376:
1354:Botwin, Michelle (2000-12-01).
1327:
316:Indian-born American filmmaker
106:The earliest known fan film is
86:. Closely related concepts are
1475:. June 5, 2008. Archived from
1244:Masters, Tim (30 April 2009).
1199:
1168:
1141:
1122:
1101:
1070:
1045:Masters, Tim (30 April 2009).
1038:
1016:
486:Metal Gear Solid: Philanthropy
1:
3698:Social peer-to-peer processes
2691:Live action role-playing game
2222:Legal issues with fan fiction
1865:. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
1445:. May 8, 2008. Archived from
1023:Holtreman, Vic (2004-07-23).
996:
912:was a fan made movie made by
781:Star Fox: The Animated Series
604:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
505:The Green Goblin's Last Stand
433:Star Wreck: In the Pirkinning
1509:Gardner, Eriq (2015-12-30).
1116:Independent News & Media
954:intellectual property rights
928:
531:The Wizard of Stone Mountain
473:Ghostbusters: The Video Game
464:debuted at Ring*Con and the
363:heroes Batman and Superman.
349:Mighty Morphin Power Rangers
346:, a dark reimagining of the
7:
2262:
2208:
1077:cliveyoung (July 1, 2009).
979:
714:Red Dwarf - The Other Movie
705:Red Dwarf - The Other Movie
600:Copyright Modernization Act
560:
343:Power Rangers: Unauthorized
327:The Punisher: Dirty Laundry
269:A notable fan film is also
137:science fiction conventions
10:
3755:
2520:Celebrity worship syndrome
1748:. FanSided. Archived from
812:, a fan film based on the
770:Star Trek: Of Gods and Men
732:fan short in development.
478:Return of the Ghostbusters
418:A similar fan production,
388:Star Trek: Hidden Frontier
101:
18:
3648:
3587:
3552:
3485:
3442:
3433:
3334:American eccentric cinema
3311:
3275:
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3159:
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3142:Amateur press association
3054:
2980:
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2612:Amateur press association
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2502:
2364:
2308:
2277:
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2200:
2167:
2127:
2066:
2035:
1974:
1893:Lessig, Lawrence (2008).
1666:"Broad Strokes - YouTube"
974:Creative Commons licenses
870:who reprises his role as
866:. The short, which stars
728:to close production on a
171:A Nightmare on Elm Street
2970:by date of establishment
1150:"Toy Story In Real Life"
986:Reanimated collaboration
758:Yorktown: A Time to Heal
720:Non-authorized fan films
554:Toy Story 3 in Real Life
334:reprising his role from
238:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
231:Buffy the Vampire Slayer
3324:Cinema of Transgression
801:. The first episode of
783:, a webseries based on
589:, Chris Bouchard (2009)
551:in stop motion. Titled
522:Masters of the Universe
286:Raiders of the Lost Ark
129:produced a film called
3640:Independent TV station
3569:Independent soft drink
3535:Open-source video game
3049:Independent production
2955:Professional wrestling
2686:Historical reenactment
2378:A Song of Ice and Fire
2339:Disneyland social club
2316:Anime and manga fandom
2295:Science fiction fandom
1516:The Hollywood Reporter
612:DMCA take down notices
583:
408:Star Trek: New Voyages
369:premiered at the 2003
322:series of satire films
47:
3620:Visionary environment
3319:Independent animation
1221:National Public Radio
1216:All Things Considered
1148:McGrew (2020-01-25).
939:participatory culture
579:
449:The Lord of the Rings
177:Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam
33:
3632:Independent circuit
3462:Open-source software
3361:Guerrilla filmmaking
2741:Autograph collecting
2142:The Gossamer Project
1418:Suellentrop, Chris.
692:Doctor Who spin-offs
626:equipment) with the
618:Authorized fan films
394:Battlestar Galactica
320:started producing a
62:inspired by a film,
3600:Amateur photography
3293:Amateur pornography
3241:Musical instruments
3221:Tracker (MOD) music
2869:Real person fiction
2701:Harley Owners Group
2365:Production-specific
2111:The Love Hypothesis
2012:Real person fiction
1752:on October 20, 2021
1114:(Reprint). London:
880:Pennywise the Clown
819:, was announced on
587:The Hunt for Gollum
574:turning a blind eye
499:video game series.
461:The Hunt for Gollum
421:Star Trek Continues
371:San Diego Comic-Con
279:remake of the 1981
197:Fan films based on
3739:Amateur filmmaking
3064:Alternative comics
3008:Shipping discourse
2152:Archive of Our Own
2089:Fallout: Equestria
1982:Alternate universe
1875:Lessig, Lawrence.
1473:fancinematoday.com
1443:fancinematoday.com
1134:2015-12-18 at the
810:Godzilla: Heritage
744:Paramount Pictures
628:digital revolution
519:John F. Carroll's
258:videocassettes to
108:Anderson 'Our Gang
64:television program
48:
3729:Independent films
3706:
3705:
3656:Independent media
3548:
3547:
3467:Software cracking
3429:
3428:
3356:Exploitation film
3262:
3261:
3231:Underground music
3179:Open-source label
3164:Independent music
3069:Alternative manga
3016:
3015:
2736:Anime music video
2498:
2497:
2230:
2229:
2104:Gabriel's Inferno
2082:Beautiful Bastard
1992:Expanded universe
1838:Bloody Disgusting
1780:Bloody Disgusting
1720:Bloody Disgusting
1406:May 30, 2012, at
1388:May 30, 2012, at
1361:Los Angeles Times
1209:(30 April 2009).
972:and proposed the
933:As media scholar
886:premiered at the
872:Georgie Denbrough
774:Prelude to Axanar
3746:
3724:Internet culture
3688:
3635:
3472:Unofficial patch
3440:
3439:
3389:
3329:Independent film
3273:
3272:
3203:Cassette culture
3157:
3156:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3020:
3019:
2275:
2274:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2213:
2043:Author surrogate
1961:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1900:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1857:Jenkins, Henry.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1797:
1791:
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1702:
1701:
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1630:
1624:
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1621:
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1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1545:. 26 April 2016.
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1506:
1500:
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1488:
1486:
1484:
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1398:
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1302:
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1241:
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1229:
1227:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1145:
1139:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1085:. Archived from
1083:Fan Cinema Today
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:. Screenrant.com
1020:
1014:
1011:
970:Creative Commons
697:The creators of
590:
496:Metal Gear Solid
366:Batman: Dead End
19:For films named
3754:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3686:
3644:
3633:
3583:
3562:
3544:
3481:
3425:
3406:Low-budget film
3387:
3381:'60s–'70s
3307:
3258:
3249:Circuit bending
3235:
3146:
3132:Self-publishing
3050:
3047:
3017:
3012:
2976:
2960:Science fiction
2883:
2805:Fan translation
2728:
2722:
2696:Motorcycle club
2654:Supercar Season
2604:
2598:
2494:
2448:Sherlock Holmes
2360:
2309:Medium-specific
2304:
2266:
2261:
2231:
2226:
2196:
2163:
2129:
2123:
2118:Time's Champion
2067:Published works
2062:
2031:
2017:Shared universe
1970:
1965:
1935:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1856:
1852:
1842:
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1799:
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1753:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1670:www.youtube.com
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1588:. July 18, 2014
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1479:on July 7, 2012
1467:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1449:on July 9, 2012
1437:
1436:
1432:
1428:. December 2005
1417:
1413:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
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1223:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1146:
1142:
1136:Wayback Machine
1127:
1123:
1111:The Independent
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1089:on May 30, 2012
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1003:
999:
982:
950:Lawrence Lessig
931:
905:
722:
620:
592:
585:
563:
283:adventure film
213:fan productions
104:
39:Solo Adventures
35:Anthony Daniels
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3680:
3673:
3666:Do it yourself
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
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3491:
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3483:
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3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3421:Double feature
3418:
3416:No wave cinema
3413:
3411:No-budget film
3408:
3403:
3401:Midnight movie
3398:
3393:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
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3315:
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3309:
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3305:
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3295:
3290:
3285:
3279:
3277:
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3264:
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3259:
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3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3237:
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3234:
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3228:
3223:
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3213:
3205:
3200:
3199:
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3193:
3183:
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3176:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3003:Odagiri effect
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
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2918:
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2916:
2906:
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2904:
2893:
2891:
2885:
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2882:
2881:
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2871:
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2861:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2729:and activities
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Fan convention
2668:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:Kustom Kulture
2634:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2527:
2525:Cult following
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
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2492:
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2480:
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2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:Disney fandom
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Fantasy fandom
2281:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2201:Related topics
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2137:FanFiction.Net
2133:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2058:Self-insertion
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2036:Writing styles
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
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1971:
1964:
1963:
1956:
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1934:
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1911:
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1573:
1548:
1528:
1501:
1490:
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1393:
1375:
1346:
1342:Andrew Leonard
1326:
1297:
1268:
1233:
1198:
1167:
1140:
1121:
1100:
1069:
1037:
1015:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
988:
981:
978:
930:
927:
909:Batman Dracula
904:
903:Lost fan films
901:
830:teaser trailer
808:In June 2014,
803:A Fox In Space
799:A Fox In Space
721:
718:
619:
616:
578:
562:
559:
424:, produced by
400:Galactica 1980
376:World's Finest
132:Batman Dracula
103:
100:
41:, inspired by
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:Free software
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:Cowboy coding
3445:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3422:
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3409:
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3138:
3135:
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3025:
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3021:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
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2979:
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2826:
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2818:
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2813:
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2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2744:
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2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
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2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
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2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
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2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:Lowrider Club
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:Organizations
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
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2542:
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2537:
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2528:
2526:
2523:
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2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2490:
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2484:
2481:
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2476:
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2471:
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2463:
2459:
2457:
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2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
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2413:
2411:
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2406:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2396:
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2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Disney adults
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
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3283:Home movies
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3115:conventions
2998:Fan service
2993:Fan loyalty
2889:Conventions
2780:Fan fiction
2637:Hot rodding
2384:Beatlemania
2300:Yaoi fandom
1968:Fan fiction
1746:1428Elm.com
1586:Kickstarter
1561:Kickstarter
1191:January 31,
1093:January 20,
944:Similarly,
917:Andy Warhol
868:Tony Dakota
821:Kickstarter
726:Fox Studios
659:fan fiction
647:documentary
548:Toy Story 3
528:began with
512:co-creator
332:Thomas Jane
318:Adi Shankar
291:Mississippi
248:trademarked
244:copyrighted
240:productions
236:Unofficial
145:Süpermenler
127:Andy Warhol
119:Hugh Hefner
3713:Categories
3687:(magazine)
3505:developers
3371:Golden Age
3349:Mumblecore
2950:Multigenre
2909:Comic book
2864:Filk music
2605:and events
2442:Parrothead
2425:Moonwalker
2409:James Bond
2402:EarthBound
2395:Doctor Who
2356:Sports fan
2326:Cinephilia
2177:Kirk/Spock
2007:Omegaverse
1700:2023-05-22
1675:2023-05-22
1522:2015-12-30
1316:2016-03-14
1287:2016-03-14
1161:2020-01-25
1031:2012-03-18
997:References
948:Professor
914:pop artist
740:fan film.
738:James Bond
688:the Doctor
675:Doctor Who
510:Spider-Man
452:fan films
403:combined.
355:Filmmaker
303:fan film.
252:comic book
224:Doctor Who
218:Doctor Who
160:Spider-Man
155:3 Dev Adam
68:comic book
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3595:Indie art
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3339:Indiewood
3303:Machinima
3109:Doujinshi
3096:Minicomic
2988:Autograph
2922:Doujinshi
2790:Fan labor
2762:Doujinshi
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2622:Boy racer
2455:Star Wars
2344:Donaldism
2217:Fan labor
2210:Doujinshi
1987:Crossover
1930:wired.com
1805:Instagram
1483:March 23,
1453:March 23,
1338:salon.com
1181:IndieWire
991:Fan labor
962:trademark
958:copyright
929:Reception
817:franchise
760:starring
754:Star Trix
749:Star Trek
730:Max Payne
709:Red Dwarf
700:Red Dwarf
666:DC Comics
639:Lucasfilm
442:Babylon 5
438:Star Trek
413:Star Trek
361:DC Comics
310:Toy Story
226:spin-offs
211:Star Trek
205:Star Trek
199:Star Wars
192:Star Wars
183:Star Wars
80:fan labor
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3540:ROM hack
3517:Fan game
3512:Homebrew
3435:Software
3298:Fan film
3174:Netlabel
3120:printers
3084:business
3079:Webcomic
2854:Fanspeak
2840:Fan wiki
2815:Fan game
2800:Fan rice
2795:Fan mail
2785:Fan film
2775:Fan edit
2666:Fan club
2627:Cruising
2617:Car club
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2489:Twilight
2462:Stargate
2431:MLP: FIM
2389:Deadhead
2192:Wolfstar
2169:Shipping
2048:Mary Sue
2002:Femslash
1997:Fan film
1843:June 15,
1817:June 15,
1638:Facebook
1404:Archived
1386:Archived
1368:27 April
1251:BBC News
1185:Archived
1132:Archived
1052:BBC News
980:See also
966:chilling
897:Facebook
893:Fangoria
838:Godzilla
815:Godzilla
795:Star Fox
790:Star Fox
785:Nintendo
624:Prosumer
608:fair use
567:fair use
561:Legality
538:and the
514:Stan Lee
373:, while
352:series.
165:Mahakaal
150:Superman
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113:Our Gang
82:and the
76:amateurs
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2770:Fan art
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1756:June 6,
1725:June 6,
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1618:June 6,
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864:Georgie
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260:CD-ROMs
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3209:Doujin
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653:, and
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1226:1 May
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