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1416:" and considered "one of the great trash novelists". Her works fell into obscurity and largely went out of print. In the 1990s, Hurst's life and work again started to receive serious critical attention, including the formation of a Fannie Hurst Society for interested scholars; a volume of literary criticism by Abe C. Ravitz published in 1997; and a detailed biography of Hurst by Kroeger published in 1999.
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Throughout her life, Hurst also actively worked and spoke on behalf of social justice organizations and causes supporting feminism and
African-American civil rights, and occasionally supported other oppressed groups such as Jewish refugees (although she chose not to support some other Jewish causes),
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era. Her work combined sentimental, romantic themes with social issues of the day, such as women's rights and race relations. She was one of the most widely read female authors of the 20th century, and for a time in the 1920s she was one of the highest-paid
American writers. Hurst actively supported
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In 1915, Hurst secretly married
Jacques S. Danielson, a Russian émigré pianist. Hurst kept her maiden name and the couple maintained separate residences and arranged to renew their marriage contract every five years, if they both agreed to do so. The revelation of the marriage in 1920 made national
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By the late 1930s, critics no longer took her seriously and sometimes expressed frustration about the continued commercial popularity of her work in the face of bad reviews. In the post-World War II era, she was regarded as a popular author who wrote for and about the working classes. She became a
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Hurst was a strong advocate for women maintaining independence their whole lives, even after marriage. In the 1920s, after Hurst revealed her marriage to
Jacques Danielson, yet retained her own name and each had their own separate homes, the term "a Fannie Hurst marriage" was coined to describe a
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often either does not occur, or occurs because of outside forces rather than the afflicted woman's own efforts. Hurst also focused on describing the "interior lives of women" and how the life choices of her female characters are driven by feelings and passions that they often cannot articulate or
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and literary historian Susan
Koppelman, have challenged this account of Hurst's childhood. According to Koppelman, while Fannie Hurst was growing up, her father changed businesses four times, never achieved much financial success, and failed in business at least once. The Hurst family lived at 11
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Combining sentimentality with social realism, Hurst's fiction focuses on
American (including immigrant) working-class and middle-class women who attempt to balance societal expectations and economic needs with their own desires for fulfillment. Many Hurst characters, male and female, are working
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criticized the couple in an editorial for occupying two residences during a housing shortage. Hurst responded by saying that a married woman had the right to retain her own name, her own special life, and her personal liberty. Hurst and
Danielson had no children, and remained married until
1386:. The collection of over 270 boxes includes extensive manuscripts of her works (short stories, novels, film scenarios, plays, articles, columns, speeches, and talks), both incoming and outgoing correspondence, notebooks, wills, contracts, interviews, and biographical material.
916:, a full-length autobiography and an autobiographical memoir, numerous magazine articles, personal essays, articles (often unsigned) for various organizations to which she belonged, and screenplays (both independently written and collaborations) for several films.
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different boarding houses before Fannie turned 16. Kroeger wrote that while Samuel and Rose Hurst did eventually move to a house in a fashionable section of St. Louis, this did not occur until Fannie Hurst's third year of college, rather than during her childhood.
1280:, and homosexuality. Hurst's work has been criticized for relying heavily on stereotypes, including "The Cad, the Alcoholic, the Egotist, the Self-Absorbed Rich Lady, the Golden-Hearted Whore, the Brave Wife, the Pure-Minded Virgin, and the Honest Burgher".
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Other aspects of Hurst's life and work examined by scholars include her
American Jewish background, her friendship with and patronage of Zora Neale Hurston (which Hurston discussed in her own autobiography), the treatment of racial issues in her novel
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By 1925, she had published five collections of short stories and two novels, and become one of the most highly paid authors in the United States. It was said of Hurst that "no other living
American woman has gone so far in fiction in so short a time."
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was notable for presenting several of the earliest well-rounded discussions of homosexuality and was one of the few programs on which homosexual men spoke for themselves rather than being debated by a panel of "experts". Hurst was praised by early
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Early in Hurst's career, critics also considered her to be a serious artist, admiring her sensitive portrayals of immigrant life and urban "working girls". Her stories and books regularly made annual "best-of" lists, and she was called a female
441:, and acted in bit parts on Broadway. As Hurst worked these jobs, under the name Rose Samuels, she observed her customers as well as employees. She began to take note of important social issues such as unequal pay and gender inequality.
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in 1911 to pursue a writing career. Although she had published one story while in college, she received more than 35 rejections before she was able to sell a second story and begin to establish herself as a regularly published author.
767:(1933), was also hugely popular. It is now considered her best known novel. It told the story of two single mothers, one white and one African American, who become partners in a successful waffle and restaurant business (modeled after
307:(1933), lost popularity over time and were mostly out of print as of the 2000s, they were bestsellers when first published and were translated into many languages. She also published over 300 short stories during her lifetime.
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Throughout her life, Hurst was involved with many social activist groups supporting equal rights for women and
African Americans, and occasionally assisting other people in need. In 1921, Hurst was among the first to join the
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In the years after World War I, Hurst became famous as an author of extremely popular short stories and novels, many of which were made into films. Her popularity continued for several decades, only beginning to decline after
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people trying to rise above their class. Abe C. Ravitz described Hurst's themes as "women's issues expressed often in myths of sacrifice, suffering, and love" and Hurst herself as "the laureate of the ghetto and the
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as popular tastes changed. Her total publications over her nearly six-decade career include 19 novels, more than 300 short stories (63 of which were gathered in eight short-story collections), four plays produced on
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Hurst died on February 23, 1968, at her Hotel des Artistes apartment in Manhattan, after a brief illness. A few weeks before she died, she sent her publishers two new novels, one untitled and the other entitled
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published a collection of her stories from the years 1912 to 1935, seeking to "propel a long overdue revival and reassessment of Hurst's work" and praising her "depth, intelligence, and artistry as a writer."
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when Stefansson was in town. According to Stefansson, at one point Hurst considered divorcing Danielson in order to marry him, but decided against it. Hurst and Stefansson ended their relationship in 1939.
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and the slums, becoming in her own words "passionately anxious to awake in others a general sensitiveness to small people", and developing an awareness of "causes, including the lost and the threatened".
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The great popularity of Hurst's works gave her major celebrity status. Hurst also took steps to publicize herself for purposes of promoting both her writing and the activist causes she espoused (see
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Overweight as a child and young woman, Hurst had a lifelong concern about her weight. She was known in literary circles as an avid dieter and published an autobiographical memoir about her dieting,
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Her works were designed to appeal primarily to a female audience, and usually had working-class or middle-class female protagonists concerned with romantic relationships and economic need (see
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and the movies based upon it, and her well-publicized dieting. She has been called a pioneer in the field of public relations due to her development of her own strong public persona.
1397:. The universities used the money to endow professorships in their English departments and to create "Hurst Lounges" for writers to share their work with academics and students.
964:"segregates us, raises barriers or creates race prejudice". Her attitude changed in the 1950s, and in 1963 she received an honorary award from the Zionist women's organization
1272:". For readers unfamiliar with city life, Hurst's experiences allowed her to create accurate depictions of contemporaneous New York City and, in her later works, the
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marital arrangement similar to Hurst's, where the husband and wife each maintained their own independent lives, even to the point of living in separate residences.
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woman, falls in love with a married Jewish banker and becomes his secret mistress, sacrificing her own life in the process and ultimately meeting a tragic end.
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she raised money to help Jewish refugees fleeing Europe, but in her earlier years was less supportive of other Jewish causes, saying in a 1925 interview that
756:(1931), Hurst's seventh novel, was hailed as her "magnum opus" and has been called her "best loved" work. Its main character, a confident, independent young
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Hurst has been referenced in popular culture to exemplify a popular or lowbrow author, in contrast to serious, literary authors. The theme song of the 1970
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740:) and a diet on which she lost 40 pounds. She was frequently interviewed about her views on subjects relating to love, marriage and family. For decades,
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Danielson's death in 1952. After his death, Hurst continued to write weekly letters to him for the next 16 years until she died, and regularly wore a
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710:. Her own editor, Kenneth McCormick, described her as a "fairly corny artist" but a "wonderful storyteller". She was also called the "Queen of the
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and graduated in 1909 at age 24. In her autobiography, she portrayed her family as comfortably middle-class, except for a two-year stint in a
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694:, had a character presciently describe Hurst as one of several authors "not producing among 'em one story or novel that will last 10 years."
1276:. She often dealt with subject matter considered "daringly frank and earthy" for its time, including unwed pregnancy, extramarital affairs,
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and the two films based on it provoked controversy due to their treatment of the African-American characters. These include a romanticized
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mix) and have conflicts with their teenage daughters. Hurst's inspiration for the book was her own friendship with African-American author
714:". Hurst recognized that she was "not a darling of the critics" but said, "I have a vast popular audience — it warms me, like a furnace."
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Women in Hurst's works are generally victimized in some way by preconceived attitudes or social and economic discrimination. including
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visitor. Hurst was named chair of the National Housing Commission in 1936–1937 and appointed to the National Advisory Committee to the
601:, which shortly thereafter requested exclusive release of her future writings. She went on to publish many more stories, mostly in the
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Hurst continued to write and publish until her death in 1968, although the commercial value of her work declined after
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During the 1920s and 1930s, while she was married to Danielson, Hurst also had a long affair with Arctic explorer
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necessitated by a sudden financial downturn. This period sparked her initial interest in the plight of the poor.
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2076:"Complete National Film Registry Listing - National Film Preservation Board - Programs - Library of Congress"
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2014:
Hurst, Fannie 1885Fl - 1968. (1999). In The Cambridge guide to women's writing in English. Retrieved from
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worked as Hurst's secretary and later traveled with her. In 1958, Hurst published her autobiography,
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at age four, leaving Hurst as her parents' only surviving child. She grew up at 5641 Cates Avenue in
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magazine, eventually earning as much as $ 5,000 per story. Her first collection of short stories,
1933:
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672:(1923), about the tribulations of an oppressed domestic servant, was praised for its insights by
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with her dogs, her travels abroad, her wardrobe, and the interior decoration of her apartment.
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Hurst, Fannie, (1889 --1968). (2005). In The crystal reference encyclopedia. Retrieved from
859:("Little Black Angels"). This was adapted again and released in 1970 in two versions: as a
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or Fannie Hurst." Hurst is mentioned in a similar vein in the song "You're So London" by
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1854:. Vol. 1: A-J. Finkelman, Paul. New York and Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 596–597.
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After her college graduation, Hurst briefly worked in a shoe factory before moving to
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At the time of her death, and for several decades thereafter, Hurst was treated as a
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The best American short stories of 1917 and the yearbook of the American short story
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During her early years in New York, she worked a variety of jobs: as a waitress at
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During the 1930s and 1940s, Hurst was a friend of Eleanor Roosevelt and a frequent
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684:. However, some reviewers criticized her for "sappy" plots and careless writing.
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2367:"Fannie Hurst: A Preliminary Inventory of Her Papers at the Harry Ransom Center"
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1985:
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828:(1932) liberally borrowed elements from Hurst's novel without crediting her.
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952:. She volunteered as a regular visitor to inmates of a women's prison in
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Upon her death in 1968, Hurst left half of her estate to her alma mater
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continued to report regularly on Hurst's doings, including her walks in
422:, which was performed on the Washington University campus in June 1909.
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1991:
Frederick, A. (1980). "Hurst, Fannie, Oct. 18, 1889-Feb. 23, 1968". In
1747:(1927, adaptation by Hurst of her short story "The Gold in Fish" (1925)
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includes the lines, "Hope for the best, expect the worst/ You could be
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1045: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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In 1912, after numerous rejections, Hurst finally published a story in
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She was also appointed to several committees associated with President
487: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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and short-story writer whose works were highly popular during the post-
1954:"Marguerite Martyn Discovers Real College Playwright in Fannie Hurst"
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229:
2158:"This Day in Jewish History A Storyteller With a Conscience Is Born"
1741:(1923, adaptation by Hurst of her 1918 short story of the same name)
1735:(1921, adaptation by Hurst of her 1919 short story of the same name)
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157:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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In her spare time, Hurst attended night court sessions and visited
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Her short story "Humoresque", published in 1919, was adapted as a
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Many sources list the total number of her novels as 18, and omit
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with the assistance of her friend, the noted civil rights lawyer
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1888:. Boston Small, Maynard & Company Publishers. Archived from
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842:. Both films were respectively inductees for the 2005 and 2015
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2185:"Hadassah Honors Denmark for Rescuing Jews from Nazi Invaders"
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as a romance paperback after its original 1946 publication in
271:(October 18, 1889 – February 23, 1968) was an American
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The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV
1978:
Fannie Hurst: The Talent for Success of Writer Fannie Hurst
1704:(1939) (Home Institute booklet, offered through newspapers)
1698:(1935) (non-fiction autobiographical memoir about dieting)
795:" young woman who rejects her loving mother in order to
2253:"Kudos! AGLA's and GLAAD's Gay and Lesbian Media Awards"
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writer, credited with having "set the style followed by
640:(1916). She also had read and learned from the works of
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of Hurst in her last year at Washington University, 1909
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It was also adapted by Joselito Rodriguez for the 1949
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Approximately 30 films were made from Hurst's fiction.
1723:(1909, produced at Washington University in St. Louis)
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1150:Hurst was friends with many leading figures of the
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1945:
1943:
1913:In Her Place: A Guide to St. Louis Women's History
806:was the basis for three films of the same name in
2397:Humoresque: A Laugh on Life with a Tear Behind It
2118:
1521:Humoresque: A Laugh on Life with a Tear Behind It
630:). Hurst was strongly influenced by the works of
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402:But later researchers, including her biographer
2430:. New York: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books.
1940:
280:a number of social causes, including feminism,
2279:Anatomy of Me: A Wonderer in Search of Herself
1776:(1930), based on the 1923 novel; also dialogue
1683:Anatomy of Me: A Wonderer in Search of Herself
1374:In 1964, Hurst established her archive at the
615:, was published in 1914, and her first novel,
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1189:. Her obituary appeared on the front page of
410:In her last term in college, Hurst wrote the
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2008:
2006:
2004:
882:. A later story, "Sister Act", published in
2656:Members of the Society of Woman Geographers
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1342:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1235:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
986:In 1958, Hurst briefly hosted a television
262:Jacques S. Danielson (1915-1952; his death)
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1924:
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861:Angelitos negros (1970 film) feature film
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2606:Washington University in St. Louis alumni
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1993:Notable American Women: The Modern Period
1915:. St. Louis, MO: Missouri History Museum.
1362:Learn how and when to remove this message
1255:Learn how and when to remove this message
1127:, the first flower he had ever sent her.
1105:Learn how and when to remove this message
702:, who parodied her racially themed novel
547:Learn how and when to remove this message
173:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2586:American people of German-Jewish descent
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2328:
2304:Travelling Passions: The Hidden Life Of
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1837:
1559:Star-Dust: The Story of an American Girl
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698:favorite target of parodists, including
617:Star-Dust: The Story of an American Girl
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1784:(1932), based on the story "Night Bell"
1710:(1942) (short fiction, Christmas story)
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364:Hurst was born on October 19, 1885, in
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1851:Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance
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2156:Green, David B. (October 18, 2013).
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1729:(1917, co-written with Harriet Ford)
1462:and Ken Welch, written for the show
1340:adding citations to reliable sources
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1233:adding citations to reliable sources
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1043:adding citations to reliable sources
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888:in 1937, inspired the musical films
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485:adding citations to reliable sources
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49:adding citations to reliable sources
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2661:20th-century American screenwriters
2651:Screenwriters from New York (state)
2636:20th-century American women writers
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979:in 1940. She was a delegate to the
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201:Fannie Hurst in 1932. Photograph by
13:
2465:Washington University in St. Louis
1391:Washington University in St. Louis
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2105:, which was published in 1951 by
1937:, May 30, 1909, image 8, column 5
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1465:Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall
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2576:20th-century American novelists
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2315:University Press of New England
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2219:. April 6, 1959. Archived from
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1030:needs additional citations for
472:needs additional citations for
291:Although her novels, including
36:needs additional citations for
2581:Activists against antisemitism
2488:Works by or about Fannie Hurst
2128:Bolick, Kate (March 4, 2005).
2020:
1963:
1911:Corbett, Katharine T. (1999).
1904:
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834:was twice adapted for film in
728:with a dog in 1925 in New York
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1380:University of Texas at Austin
977:Works Progress Administration
347:
2626:Novelists from New York City
2611:American women screenwriters
576:homosexuals, and prisoners.
7:
2646:Screenwriters from Missouri
2551:Jewish Women's Archive page
2519:. About.com. Archived from
2503:(public domain audiobooks)
1848:. In Wintz, Cary D. (ed.).
376:. A younger sister died of
227:February 23, 1968 (aged 78)
153:the claims made and adding
10:
2677:
2596:People from Hamilton, Ohio
2541:Internet Broadway Database
2422:Tropiano, Stephen (2002).
1824:(1959), based on the novel
1816:(1946), based on the story
1808:(1941), based on the novel
1800:(1934), based on the novel
1792:(1932), based on the novel
1488:and I'm so Fannie Hurst."
2621:Jewish American novelists
2189:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
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1162:, who during her time at
981:World Health Organization
931:(left) with Hurst in 1962
598:The Saturday Evening Post
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452:
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2631:American women novelists
1882:O'Brian, Edward (1918).
1509:Every Soul Hath Its Song
1393:, and the other half to
948:, and was active in the
314:of her works, including
2641:Novelists from Missouri
2591:Screenwriters from Ohio
2470:Fannie Hurst Collection
2028:Simmons College Library
2016:Simmons College Library
1997:Simmons College Library
1958:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1934:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1781:Symphony of Six Million
1497:Short story collections
1174:and Eleanor Roosevelt.
990:out of New York called
310:Hurst is known for the
2601:Writers from St. Louis
2348:: Butler Books, 2006;
2056:Cite journal requires
1844:West, Kathryn (2004).
1503:Just Around the Corner
932:
844:National Film Registry
729:
613:Just Around the Corner
564:
361:
2497:Works by Fannie Hurst
2479:Works by Fannie Hurst
2406:Harper & Brothers
2371:norman.hrc.utexas.edu
2306:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
2112:The American Magazine
2041:This Side of Paradise
1721:The Official Chaperon
1696:No Food with My Meals
1651:The Man with One Head
1633:The Hands of Veronica
1289:gender discrimination
1187:Lonely is Only a Word
1179:No Food With My Meals
1132:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
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720:
691:This Side of Paradise
637:Spoon River Anthology
619:, appeared in 1921.
581:Franklin D. Roosevelt
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437:and a sales clerk at
420:The Official Chaperon
393:Washington University
384:and was a student at
355:
2281:(p. 219). New York:
1981:. 2013, location 272
1727:The Land of the Free
1702:Today Is Ladies' Day
1336:improve this section
1304:Influence and legacy
1229:improve this section
1134:. They often met at
1039:improve this article
763:Hurst's next novel,
688:, in his 1920 novel
668:. Her second novel,
654:Gene Stratton-Porter
481:improve this article
45:improve this article
2616:Novelists from Ohio
2523:on January 9, 2006.
2474:Brandeis University
2461:Fannie Hurst Papers
2456:Harry Ransom Center
2452:Fannie Hurst Papers
2223:on February 1, 2011
2191:. December 17, 1963
2130:"Hurst and Hurston"
2081:Library of Congress
1583:A President Is Born
1468:(1962): "You're so
1395:Brandeis University
1376:Harry Ransom Center
769:Quaker Oats Company
721:Hurst boarding the
708:Limitations of Life
686:F. Scott Fitzgerald
418:for a comic opera,
386:Central High School
382:St. Louis, Missouri
2259:on August 19, 2008
1950:Martyn, Marguerite
1436:In popular culture
1421:The Feminist Press
1293:age discrimination
1191:The New York Times
1160:Zora Neale Hurston
1152:Harlem Renaissance
1120:The New York Times
1005:Mattachine Society
933:
781:Zora Neale Hurston
743:The New York Times
730:
658:Harold Bell Wright
565:
563:Fannie Hurst, 1914
370:assimilated Jewish
362:
138:possibly contains
2483:Project Gutenberg
2341:Greenwich Village
2251:Capsuto, Steven.
2241:Tropiano, pp. 4–5
1995:. Retrieved from
1952:(June 17, 1909).
1821:Imitation of Life
1797:Imitation of Life
1602:Imitation of Life
1527:The Vertical City
1451:The Twelve Chairs
1430:Imitation of Life
1406:Jacqueline Susann
1372:
1371:
1364:
1285:sexual harassment
1265:
1264:
1257:
1144:Greenwich Village
1115:
1114:
1107:
1089:
946:Greenwich Village
938:Lucy Stone League
929:Eleanor Roosevelt
832:Imitation of Life
785:Imitation of Life
765:Imitation of Life
704:Imitation of Life
682:Eleanor Roosevelt
632:Edgar Lee Masters
557:
556:
549:
531:
358:Marguerite Martyn
329:Imitation of Life
317:Imitation of Life
304:Imitation of Life
266:
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253:Imitation of Life
183:
182:
175:
140:original research
121:
120:
113:
95:
16:American novelist
2668:
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2507:
2492:Internet Archive
2441:
2429:
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2382:
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2379:
2377:
2363:
2357:
2334:Robert Shulman.
2332:
2326:
2309:(pp. 187, 195).
2300:
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2255:. Archived from
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2103:The Name is Mary
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1892:on March 2, 2019
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1645:The Name Is Mary
1515:Gaslight Sonatas
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872:1920 silent film
856:Angelitos negros
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372:immigrants from
312:film adaptations
282:African American
240:Novelist, writer
215:October 18, 1889
204:Carl Van Vechten
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1118:headlines, and
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920:Social activism
894:(1938) and the
734:Social activism
700:Langston Hughes
642:Charles Dickens
634:, particularly
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2534:
2525:
2513:"Fannie Hurst"
2509:
2494:
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2447:
2446:External links
2444:
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901:Young at Heart
891:Four Daughters
876:1946 film noir
797:pass for white
793:tragic mulatto
738:Life and death
674:Vladimir Lenin
646:Upton Sinclair
592:
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496:"Fannie Hurst"
469:
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404:Brooke Kroeger
397:boarding house
366:Hamilton, Ohio
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323:Four Daughters
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2402:New York City
2399:
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2393:
2392:Hurst, Fannie
2387:
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2362:
2355:
2354:1-884532-74-8
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2323:1-58465-510-0
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1677:Autobiography
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1621:Lonely Parade
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1415:
1411:
1410:Judith Krantz
1407:
1403:
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1385:
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1377:
1366:
1363:
1355:
1352:December 2021
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:This section
1319:
1315:
1310:
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1301:
1298:
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1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
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1256:
1248:
1245:December 2021
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1214:This section
1212:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:Anatomy of Me
1165:
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1153:
1148:
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1128:
1126:
1121:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1095:December 2021
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056: –
1055:
1051:
1050:Find sources:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:This section
1026:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
969:
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959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
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926:
917:
915:
910:
905:
903:
902:
897:
896:Frank Sinatra
893:
892:
887:
886:
881:
880:Joan Crawford
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
857:
852:
847:
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540:
537:December 2021
529:
526:
522:
519:
515:
512:
508:
505:
501:
498: –
497:
493:
492:Find sources:
486:
482:
476:
475:
470:This section
468:
464:
459:
458:
450:
447:
442:
440:
436:
431:
428:
427:New York City
423:
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417:
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398:
394:
391:She attended
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245:Notable works
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136:This article
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104:
101:November 2019
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2537:Fannie Hurst
2528:Fannie Hurst
2521:the original
2516:
2425:
2416:Bibliography
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:September 2,
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2337:Romany Marie
2335:
2330:
2303:
2298:
2278:
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:the original
2246:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2221:the original
2214:
2211:"Yakety-Yak"
2205:
2195:February 13,
2193:. Retrieved
2179:
2169:February 13,
2167:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:
2141:February 13,
2139:. Retrieved
2133:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2079:
2070:
2049:cite journal
2034:
2022:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1965:
1957:
1932:
1912:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1884:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1850:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1758:Film credits
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1682:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
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1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1589:Five and Ten
1588:
1582:
1577:Appassionata
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1533:Song of Life
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1486:Bernard Shaw
1480:/ You're so
1472:, you're so
1463:
1460:Mike Nichols
1449:
1448:comedy film
1443:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1418:
1399:
1388:
1384:Morris Ernst
1373:
1358:
1349:
1334:Please help
1322:
1297:happy ending
1282:
1278:miscegnation
1266:
1251:
1242:
1227:Please help
1215:
1197:Major themes
1190:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1167:
1154:, including
1149:
1136:Romany Marie
1129:
1119:
1116:
1101:
1092:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1049:
1037:Please help
1032:verification
1029:
995:
991:
985:
970:
958:World War II
950:Urban League
934:
909:World War II
906:
899:
889:
885:Cosmopolitan
883:
869:
854:
848:
831:
830:
823:
803:
801:
789:mammy figure
784:
764:
762:
753:
752:
748:Central Park
741:
731:
724:
707:
703:
696:
689:
678:Leon Trotsky
669:
662:
650:Thomas Hardy
635:
628:Major themes
625:
621:
616:
612:
608:Cosmopolitan
606:
602:
596:
594:
578:
574:
570:World War II
566:
543:
534:
524:
517:
510:
503:
491:
479:Please help
474:verification
471:
446:Ellis Island
443:
432:
424:
419:
409:
401:
390:
363:
339:
338:(1946), and
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
302:
301:(1931), and
296:
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269:Fannie Hurst
268:
267:
252:
248:
189:Fannie Hurst
169:
160:
137:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
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2571:1968 deaths
2566:1889 births
2263:January 10,
2227:January 10,
1960:. image 13.
1896:October 17,
1805:Back Street
1789:Back Street
1715:Stage plays
1690:Other books
1595:Back Street
1482:Shakespeare
1476:and I'm so
1181:, in 1935.
973:White House
820:Frank Capra
804:Back Street
783:. However,
773:Aunt Jemima
754:Back Street
712:Sob Sisters
298:Back Street
277:World War I
249:Back Street
2560:Categories
2346:Louisville
2344:(p. 144).
1829:References
1813:Humoresque
1765:Humoresque
1739:Humoresque
1627:Hallelujah
1545:We are Ten
1539:Procession
1478:liverwurst
1446:Mel Brooks
1125:calla lily
1065:newspapers
1003:group the
942:Heterodoxy
865:telenovela
587:programs.
507:newspapers
378:diphtheria
356:Sketch by
348:Early life
335:Humoresque
288:programs.
237:Occupation
147:improve it
71:newspapers
2394:(1920) .
2283:Doubleday
2087:August 3,
1571:Mannequin
1419:In 2004,
1323:does not
1300:explain.
1270:New Woman
1216:does not
1001:homophile
988:talk show
983:in 1952.
956:. During
954:Manhattan
878:starring
874:and as a
863:and as a
825:Forbidden
725:Leviathan
230:Manhattan
151:verifying
2501:LibriVox
2317:, 2005;
2285:, 1958.
2043:". 1920.
1929:Untitled
1867:June 21,
1733:Back Pay
1639:Anywoman
996:Showcase
992:Showcase
966:Hadassah
914:Broadway
904:(1954).
898:vehicle
666:O. Henry
585:New Deal
344:(1954).
332:(1959),
326:(1938),
320:(1934),
295:(1923),
286:New Deal
273:novelist
2539:at the
2490:at the
2454:at the
2311:Lebanon
2163:Haaretz
1657:Family!
1470:kippers
1456:Tolstoy
1378:at the
1344:removed
1329:sources
1274:Midwest
1237:removed
1222:sources
1079:scholar
962:Zionism
851:Mexican
846:lists.
791:and a "
777:pancake
758:gentile
605:and in
521:scholar
374:Bavaria
145:Please
85:scholar
2434:
2352:
2321:
2289:
2135:Tablet
1858:
1773:Lummox
1768:(1920)
1685:(1958)
1671:(1964)
1665:(1961)
1659:(1960)
1653:(1951)
1647:(1951)
1641:(1950)
1635:(1947)
1629:(1944)
1623:(1942)
1617:(1936)
1611:(1934)
1605:(1933)
1597:(1931)
1591:(1929)
1585:(1928)
1579:(1926)
1573:(1926)
1567:(1923)
1565:Lummox
1561:(1921)
1552:Novels
1547:(1937)
1541:(1929)
1535:(1927)
1529:(1922)
1523:(1919)
1517:(1918)
1511:(1916)
1505:(1914)
1474:caviar
1412:, and
1291:, and
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1052:
680:, and
670:Lummox
648:, and
591:Author
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494:
453:Career
439:Macy's
435:Childs
416:lyrics
293:Lummox
259:Spouse
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1484:, so
1086:JSTOR
1072:books
853:film
528:JSTOR
514:books
92:JSTOR
78:books
2532:IMDb
2432:ISBN
2378:2022
2350:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2265:2009
2229:2009
2216:Time
2197:2017
2171:2017
2143:2017
2107:Dell
2089:2018
2062:help
1898:2015
1869:2010
1856:ISBN
1327:any
1325:cite
1220:any
1218:cite
1158:and
1140:café
1058:news
840:1959
838:and
836:1934
816:1961
814:and
812:1941
808:1932
771:'s "
656:and
603:Post
500:news
414:and
412:book
224:Died
212:Born
64:news
2530:at
2499:at
2481:at
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2463:at
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1231:by
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