2157:
535:
44:
5625:
1608:
488:
5615:
2295:
912:
1437:, which was the first collection of stories to contain solely what would later be known as fairy tales. The two works include the oldest recorded form of many well-known (and some more obscure) European fairy tales. This was the beginning of a tradition that would both influence the fantasy genre and be incorporated in it, as many works of
1565:, a movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, was a dramatic reaction to rationalism, challenging the priority of reason and promoting the importance of imagination and spirituality. Its success in rehabilitating imagination was of fundamental importance to the evolution of fantasy, and its interest in medieval
2045:
was another influential writer who wrote during this era. He drew inspiration from
Northern sagas, as Morris did, but his prose style was modeled more on Tudor and Elizabethan English, and his stories were filled with vigorous characters in glorious adventures. Eddison's most famous work is
2257:, because it creates a sense of place. She analyzed the misuse of a formal, "olden-day" style, saying that it was a dangerous trap for fantasy writers because it was ridiculous when done wrong. She warns writers away from trying to base their style on that of masters such as
1384:(c.1408–1471) was written in prose, and the work dominates the Arthurian literature. Arthurian motifs have appeared steadily in literature from its publication, though the works have been a mix of fantasy and non-fantasy works. At the time, it and the Spanish
1978:, in her essay on style in fantasy "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie", wryly referred to Lord Dunsany as the "First Terrible Fate that Awaiteth Unwary Beginners in Fantasy", alluding to young writers attempting to write in Lord Dunsany's style. According to
1909:
noted that in the earlier part of the 20th century, fantasy was more accepted in juvenile literature, and therefore a writer interested in fantasy often wrote for that audience, despite using concepts and themes that could form a work aimed at adults.
1492:(fairy tales), she invented the term that is now generally used for the genre, thus distinguishing such tales from those involving no marvels. This approach influenced later writers who took up the folk fairy tales in the same manner during the
1083:
has had great influence on the fantasy genre. In the
Christian Platonic tradition, the reality of other worlds, and an overarching structure of great metaphysical and moral importance, has lent substance to the fantasy worlds of modern works.
4156:. The generic features of historical fantasy literature, as a mode of inverting the real (including nineteenth-century ghost stories, children's stories, city comedies, classical dreams, stories of highway women, and Edens) are discussed in
2265:, emphasizing that language that is too bland or simplistic creates the impression that the fantasy setting is simply a modern world in disguise, and presents examples of clear, effective fantasy writing in brief excerpts from
1974:(1878–1957) who, following Morris's example, wrote fantasy novels, but also in the short story form. He was particularly noted for his vivid and evocative style. His style greatly influenced many writers, not always happily;
1302:. Although the subject matter was heavily reworked by the authors, these romances developed marvels until they became independent of the original folklore and fictional, an important stage in the development of fantasy.
1796:(1868), the latter of which is widely considered to be the first fantasy novel written for adults. MacDonald also wrote one of the first critical essays about the fantasy genre, "The Fantastic Imagination", in his book
2063:(1928) to discussing "Fantasy" as an aspect of literature, arguing it was unjustly considered suitable only for children: "The Western World does not seem to have conceived the necessity of Fairy Tales for Grown-Ups".
1925:. It was not until 1923 that the term "fantasist" was used to describe a writer (in this case, Oscar Wilde) who wrote fantasy fiction. The name "fantasy" was not developed until later; as late as J.R.R. Tolkien's
3888:
Fornet-Ponse, Thomas. Tolkien's
Influence on Fantasy: Interdisziplinäres Seminar Der DTG 27. Bis 29. April 2012, Jena = Tolkiens Einfluss Auf Die Moderne Fantasy. Vol. 9. Düsseldorf: Scriptorium Oxoniae., n.d.
1982:, "Dunsany's work had the effect of segregating fantasy—a mode whereby the author creates his own realm of pure imagination—from supernatural horror. From the foundations he established came the later work of
1969:
Despite MacDonald's future influence, and Morris' popularity at the time, it was not until around the start of the 20th century that fantasy fiction began to reach a large audience, with authors such as
3673:
1572:
The
Romantics invoked the medieval romance as a model for the works they wanted to produce, in contrast to the realism of the Enlightenment. One of the first literary results of this trend was the
1255:
has also had deep influence on the fantasy genre; although it was unknown for centuries and so not developed in medieval legend and romance, several fantasy works have retold the tale, such as
2199:
In China, the idea of fantasy literature as a distinct genre first became prevalent in the early 21st century. China has long had pre-genre stories with fantastical elements, including
3933:
2414:, Translator's introduction, quoting Hertel: "the original work was composed in Kashmir, about 200 B.C. At this date, however, many of the individual stories were already ancient."
1126:), which some scholars believe was composed around the 3rd century BC. It is based on older oral traditions, including "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine".
1294:
have also been plentifully mined for fantasy. Its greatest influence was, however, indirect. Celtic folklore and mythology provided a major source for the
Arthurian cycle of
1390:(1508), which was also written in prose, spawned many imitators, and the genre was popularly well-received. It later produced such masterpieces of Renaissance poetry as
1939:
An important factor in the development of the fantasy genre was the arrival of magazines devoted to fantasy fiction. The first such publication was the German magazine
2247:. Some argue that fantasy literature and its archetypes fulfill a function for individuals and society and the messages are continually updated for current societies.
1730:
3508:. See Michael W. McClintock, "High Tech and High Sorcery: Some Discriminations Between Science Fiction and Fantasy", in George E. Slusser, and Eric S. Rabkin, ed.,
2055:
Literary critics of the era began to take an interest in "fantasy" as a genre of writing, and also to argue that it was a genre worthy of serious consideration.
2188:
The tradition established by these predecessors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has continued to thrive and be adapted by new authors. The
1645:, they fabricated folklore that should have been there. These works, whether fairy tale, ballads, or folk epics, were a major source for later fantasy works.
3960:
940:
3657:
1840:
also contributed to the development of fantasy with their writing of horror stories. Wilde also wrote a large number of children's fantasies, collected in
1468:(fire). Most of these beings are found in folklore as well as alchemy, and their names are often used interchangeably with similar beings from folklore.
3049:
2279:
observed that many writers use archaic language for its sonority and to lend color to a lifeless story. Brian Peters writes that in various forms of
1773:(1851), a fairy tale that included complex levels of characterization and created in the Southwest Wind an irascible but kindly character similar to
2429:
3837:
3422:
4203:
4024:
5141:
4191:
4149:
2177:
1993:
In
Britain in the aftermath of World War I, a notably large number of fantasy books aimed at an adult readership were published, including
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3930:
1953:
1615:
In the later part of the
Romantic period, folklorists collected folktales, epic poems, and ballads, and released them in printed form. The
884:
2243:
Symbolism often plays a significant role in fantasy literature, often through the use of archetypal figures inspired by earlier texts or
78:
1068:
is replete with fantastical stories and characters, the best known (and perhaps the most relevant to modern fantasy) being the works of
4243:
933:
994:
by the absence of scientific or macabre themes, respectively, though these may overlap. Historically, most works of fantasy were in
4082:
1862:(1885), which presented a fantastical Africa to a European audience still unfamiliar with the continent. Other writers, including
1821:. Morris's work represented an important milestone in the history of fantasy, as while other writers wrote of foreign lands or of
695:
2933:
1278:
tradition has been particularly influential, owing to its connection to King Arthur and its collection in a single work, the epic
1648:
The
Romantic interest in medievalism also resulted in a revival of interest in the literary fairy tale. The tradition begun with
1202:
1168:
742:
4533:
759:
705:
4597:
3710:
2947:
1488:. Many of Perrault's tales became fairy tale staples and were influential to later fantasy. When d'Aulnoy termed her works
879:
2477:
1913:
At this time, the terminology for the genre was not settled. Many fantasies in this era were termed fairy tales, including
2156:
926:
568:
4083:"Indick, William. Ancient Symbology in Fantasy Literature: A Psychological Study. Jefferson: McFarland &, 2012. Print"
4545:
2209:
2101:
played a large role in the popularization and accessibility of the fantasy genre with his highly successful publications
1883:
1629:, and they in turn inspired other collectors. Frequently their motivation stemmed not merely from Romanticism, but from
1019:
890:
2143:(1950–56) and a fellow English professor with a similar array of interests, also helped to publicize the fantasy genre.
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4884:
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1419:
846:
573:
491:
470:
118:
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3149:
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2601:
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2556:
2536:
2516:
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2396:
2372:
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2189:
1698:
1017:
Many fantasy novels originally written for children and adolescents also attract an adult audience. Examples include
558:
517:
3950:
1064:
Stories involving magic and terrible monsters have existed in spoken forms before the advent of printed literature.
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4617:
4612:
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2865:
2506:
700:
113:
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1817:(1896). Morris was inspired by the medieval sagas, and his writing was deliberately archaic in the style of the
1465:
804:
784:
715:
1665:
3774:
3517:
3297:
2253:, in her essay "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie", presented the idea that language is the most crucial element of
2068:
1813:
851:
809:
779:
1763:
took a new approach to fairy tales by creating original stories told in a serious fashion. From this origin,
976:
are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy literature may be directed at both children and adults.
4236:
2153:, was also a strong contributor to the popularity of fantasy literature in the field of children and adults.
1811:
and a poet who wrote several fantastic romances and novels in the latter part of the 19th century, including
1649:
1414:
774:
17:
1769:
35:
1527:
were realistic in style, and many early realistic works were critical of fantastical elements in fiction.
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4774:
4586:
2691:
1786:
1591:
1566:
897:
752:
2423:
5021:
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1893:
1515:(1774). This era, however, was notably hostile to fantasy. Writers of the new types of fiction such as
916:
874:
747:
725:
133:
4014:
3821:
3261:
George MacDonald, "The
Fantastic Imagination". Reprinted in Boyer, Robert H. and Zahorski, Kenneth J.
5480:
5031:
4779:
3504:
1962:
was deeply influenced by Edgar Allan Poe and to a somewhat lesser extent, by Lord
Dunsany; with his
1822:
1499:
Several fantasies aimed at an adult readership were also published in 18th century France, including
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534:
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4889:
4639:
4465:
4278:
4229:
3553:
2308:
2139:
2008:
1754:
1054:
1031:
737:
628:
608:
340:
159:
108:
4146:
1966:
stories, he became one of the most influential writers of fantasy and horror in the 20th century.
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2181:
1858:
1760:
1601:
829:
819:
764:
730:
675:
475:
465:
460:
1784:
The history of modern fantasy literature began with George MacDonald, author of such novels as
1211:
has been influential in the West since it was translated from the Arabic into French in 1704 by
5453:
4957:
4602:
4578:
4528:
2485:
2318:
2114:
2038:
1625:
1159:
836:
720:
618:
4809:
4086:
4744:
4708:
4523:
4324:
2109:
1639:, they compiled existing folklore into an epic to match other nation's, and sometimes, as in
1578:
1543:
1504:
593:
510:
226:
68:
3596:
Thomas D. Clareson, "Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction" in M.B. Tymn and Mike Ashley,
5578:
5470:
4655:
4648:
4319:
3530:
3072:
2094:
2003:
1945:
which ran from 1919 to 1921. In 1923, the first English-language fantasy fiction magazine,
1863:
1746:
1630:
1485:
1376:
1141:. Talking animals endowed with human qualities have now become a staple of modern fantasy.
769:
371:
236:
1726:
1374:
romance continued to be popular, and the trend was to more fantastic fiction. The English
8:
5465:
4962:
4851:
4814:
4789:
4592:
4443:
4175:
2817:
2682:
2658:
2228:
1941:
1918:
1653:
1428:
1341:
1065:
983:
542:
426:
320:
1633:, in that many were inspired to save their own country's folklore. Sometimes, as in the
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304:
267:
181:
154:
149:
128:
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2696:
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1975:
1902:
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1138:
1103:
964:, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world.
814:
660:
551:
487:
381:
366:
252:
998:, but since the 1960s, a growing segment of the fantasy genre has taken the form of
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5492:
5338:
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4432:
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655:
503:
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376:
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221:
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1406:. Ariosto's tale in particular was a source text for many fantasies of adventure.
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5121:
4719:
4494:
4437:
4199:
4153:
3937:
3762:
2481:
2474:
2433:
2052:(1922), a long heroic fantasy set on an imaginary version of the planet Mercury.
2023:
1959:
1867:
1833:
1807:
The other major fantasy author of this era was William Morris, an admirer of the
1687:
1531:
1386:
1358:
is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre, and the word
1212:
1113:
987:
710:
688:
645:
403:
350:
277:
98:
43:
2839:
The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm
5553:
5548:
5046:
4874:
4824:
4749:
4573:
4410:
4329:
3285:
2232:
2165:
2149:
2033:
1963:
1774:
1714:
1692:
1683:
1616:
1587:
1583:
1524:
1452:(1493–1541) identified four types of beings with the four elements of alchemy:
1399:
1319:
1238:
1234:
1146:
991:
841:
797:
598:
439:
417:
356:
231:
193:
88:
83:
5643:
5448:
5325:
5298:
4994:
4903:
4836:
4804:
4759:
4754:
4477:
4460:
3859:
3426:
3312:
3080:
2939:
2470:
2436:, London: Institute for Cultural Research Monograph Series No. 36, 1999, p 13
2300:
2262:
2124:
2077:
2042:
2028:
2018:
2013:
1998:
1983:
1888:
1878:
1826:
1219:
1188:
1163:
1106:
are often used in fantasy works as personifications of the forces of nature.
1007:
670:
603:
563:
398:
393:
198:
73:
3701:
Brian Stableford, " Re-Enchantment in the Aftermath of War", in Stableford,
1661:
1586:. That work is considered the predecessor to both modern fantasy and modern
5475:
5116:
4859:
4799:
4739:
4511:
4405:
4380:
4375:
4341:
4046:
3982:
2929:
2258:
2254:
2193:
2173:
2169:
2144:
2084:
2056:
1987:
1971:
1914:
1750:
1703:
1573:
1516:
1291:
1287:
1118:
1112:
has a long tradition of fantastical stories and characters, dating back to
1025:
999:
969:
613:
361:
330:
298:
293:
241:
176:
93:
31:
5542:
5527:
5460:
5303:
5288:
5278:
5231:
5189:
5181:
5011:
4784:
4690:
4400:
4365:
3075:, "Fouqué, Friedrich (Heinrich Karl),(Baron) de la Motte",(p. 654-5) in
2653:
2313:
2220:
2215:, and some have been at number one on the list, including most recently,
2134:
2089:
2073:
1979:
1947:
1906:
1837:
1808:
1801:
1764:
1562:
1493:
1433:
1410:
1371:
1355:
1350:
1246:
1208:
1194:
1155:
1130:
824:
325:
282:
261:
123:
3288:(1987). "Boiling Roses". In Slusser, George E.; Rabkin, Eric S. (eds.).
1710:(1812–1817) contained several short fairy tales, including "The Elves".
1362:
evokes knights, distressed damsels, dragons, and other romantic tropes.
5537:
5388:
5313:
5283:
5263:
5258:
5221:
5211:
5204:
5199:
5185:
5153:
4846:
4769:
4487:
4427:
4422:
4297:
3907:
2909:
2812:
2686:
2103:
1927:
1792:
1449:
1424:
1330:
1279:
1223:
1174:
1088:
1037:
1011:
995:
957:
246:
188:
171:
3721:"David Lindsay" by Gary K. Wolfe, (pp. 541–548) in E. F. Bleiler, ed.
1607:
5588:
5378:
5293:
5273:
5106:
5091:
4942:
4482:
3213:
Brian Stableford, "Théophile Gautier", (pp. 45–50) in E. F. Bleiler,
2450:
2323:
1951:, was created. Many other similar magazines eventually followed. and
1898:
1345:
1322:
1198:(1634, 1636) and all that class of facetious fictitious literature."
387:
4714:
5522:
5373:
5268:
5216:
5148:
5004:
4952:
4841:
4415:
4346:
3493:, p 92-3, University of Illinois Press, Urbana Chicago London, 1976
2244:
1635:
1590:. Another noted Gothic novel which also contains a large amount of
1539:
1500:
1179:
335:
288:
272:
5073:
4221:
2294:
5398:
5393:
5368:
5333:
5308:
5253:
5096:
5068:
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4999:
4252:
3292:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 3–18.
2935:
A History of Britain 1: 3000 BC-AD 1603 At the Edge of the World?
2266:
2119:
2083:
The first major contribution to the genre after World War II was
1778:
1535:
1445:
1261:
1251:
1227:
1137:
and magical tales to illustrate the central Indian principles of
979:
586:
54:
3120:
Penrith Goff, "E.T.A. Hoffmann", (pp.111–120) in E. F. Bleiler,
2283:, even the villain's language might be inappropriate if vulgar.
2113:(1954–55). Tolkien was largely influenced by an ancient body of
1664:
was taken up by the German Romantic movement. The German author
1423:(1550–1555), a collection of stories of which many are literary
911:
5487:
5403:
5383:
5363:
5061:
5026:
4967:
4395:
4390:
3931:
Brandon Sanderson tops best sellers list with Words of Radiance
3162:
The Fantasy Book:an illustrated history from Dracula to Tolkien
2794:
Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness
1641:
1596:
1538:, fantasy literature became extraordinarily popular and fueled
1333:, and history to suit the readers' and hearers' tastes, but by
1326:
1073:
315:
310:
30:"Fantasy book" redirects here. For the 1947–1951 magazine, see
3904:
Reading Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy, and Translation
3618:
Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy
2774:
Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy
1702:(1816) were notable additions to the canon of German fantasy.
5593:
5563:
5532:
5443:
5425:
5358:
5353:
5238:
5036:
4989:
4947:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4307:
4160:, ed. Ceri Sullivan and Barbara White (London: Longman, 1999)
4126:
Ursula K. Le Guin, "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie", pp. 78–80
3636:
Ursula K. Le Guin, "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie", pp. 78–79
1551:
1461:
1453:
1315:
1282:. One influential retelling of this was the fantasy work of
1275:
1134:
1109:
1080:
1069:
650:
408:
3983:"' 'The New York Times ' ' Best Seller list: March 20, 2011"
1800:(1893). MacDonald was a major influence on both Tolkien and
1554:
in which the sexes traded places men and immortals mingl".
5568:
5410:
5243:
5126:
5041:
4984:
3820:
Sirangelo Maggio, Sandra; Fritsch, Valter Henrique (2011).
1271:
and legend has been an inspiration for many fantasy works.
1230:
4107:
Ursula K. Le Guin, "From Elfland to Poughkeepsie", p 74-5
3101:
In Search of the Holy Grail: The Quest for the Middle Ages
1678:(1815), which would later inspire British writers such as
5420:
5415:
5348:
5343:
4979:
3745:, Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, Inc., 1983.
3741:
E.L. Chapman, "Lud-in-the-Mist", in Frank N. Magill, ed.
3315:, "George MacDonald", pp. 239–246 in Bleiler, E. F., ed.
3140:
D. P Haase, "Ludwig Tieck" (pp.83–90), in E. F. Bleiler,
3103:, (38–9) Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006,
3056:, Vol 4. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, Inc., 1983.
1825:, Morris was the first to set his stories in an entirely
1713:
In France, the main writers of Romantic-era fantasy were
3021:
3019:
3819:
3512:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.
2916:
p xiii–xiv Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976
2208:
It is not uncommon for fantasy novels to be ranked on
1215:. Many imitations were written, especially in France.
1154:), a collection of various fantasy tales set within a
3810:, p 121-2 Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976
3598:
Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Weird Fiction Magazines
3578:
Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Weird Fiction Magazines
3535:
Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Weird Fiction Magazines
3016:
4177:
The earliest English version of the Fables of Bidpai
3860:"Tove Jansson: Love, war and the Moomins | BBC News"
3788:
Wizardry & Wild Romance: A Study of Epic Fantasy
3027:
Wizardry & Wild Romance: A Study of Epic Fantasy
2614:
Wizardry & Wild Romance: A Study of Epic Fantasy
2290:
1931:(1937), the term "fairy tale" was still being used.
3659:
21st-Century Gothic: Great Gothic Novels Since 2000
3389:M. J. Elkins, "Oscar Wilde" in E. F. Bleiler, ed.
3360:, p 39 Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976
3352:
3350:
2205:, ghost stories, and miracle tales, among others.
1484:(c.1650 – 1705), became very popular early in the
3975:
3703:Gothic Grotesques: Essays on Fantastic Literature
3232:
3230:
1729:who penned such stories as "Omphale" (1834) and "
5641:
3431:Supernatural Fiction Writers: Fantasy and Horror
3413:p 64 Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976
3215:Supernatural Fiction Writers: Fantasy and Horror
3142:Supernatural Fiction Writers: Fantasy and Horror
3122:Supernatural Fiction Writers: Fantasy and Horror
3502:The term was referenced in a supplement to the
3347:
3344:p 2 Doubleday and Company Garden City, NY, 1976
2856:
2854:
2753:The Fairy Tale: The Magic Mirror of Imagination
1476:Literary fairy tales, such as those written by
3943:
3906:. Perspectives on Fantasy series. London, UK:
3227:
3184:. (p. 134-37) Syracuse University Press, 1964.
4670:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
4237:
2521:
1954:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
934:
511:
4051:bestsellers — Week of January 23, 2005"
3897:
3895:
3600:. Westport: Greenwood, 1985. (pp. 377–391).
3453:, p 70-3, Scarecrow Press, Plymouth. 2005.
3393:. New York: Scribner's, 1985. (pp.345–350).
3241:. Indiana University Press. pp. 66–67.
3197:(p. 159), Scarecrow Press, Plymouth. 2005.
2851:
2634:Christian Fantasy: from 1200 to the Present
2076:introduced one of the most notable works of
1237:influenced the German Romantics, as well as
3336:
3334:
3332:
2123:, as well as William Morris's romances and
1550:. Topics that were written about included "
4244:
4230:
4190:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3580:. Westport: Greenwood, 1985. pp. 694–698.
3576:"Unknown". in: M.B. Tymn and Mike Ashley,
3529:"Orchideengarten, Der". in: M.B. Tymn and
3510:Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction
3290:Intersections: Fantasy and Science Fiction
3280:
3278:
3265:. New York: Avon Discus, 1984. pp. 11–22,
3006:, p 40, Scarecrow Press, Plymouth. 2005.
2893:, p xx, Scarecrow Press, Plymouth. 2005.
941:
927:
518:
504:
3892:
3469:C. S. Lewis, "On Juvenile Tastes", p 41,
3403:
2662:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9.
2588:
2586:
2584:
2367:. Indiana University Press. p. 229.
3901:
3329:
3236:
2362:
2155:
1753:, William Morris, George MacDonald, and
1606:
1569:provided many motifs to modern fantasy.
1305:
986:and is distinguished from the genres of
42:
3284:
3275:
1203:The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
27:Literature set in an imaginary universe
14:
5642:
4173:
3951:"Best-Seller Lists: Hardcover Fiction"
3813:
3537:. Westport: Greenwood, 1985. pp. 866.
2928:
2581:
2541:
2447:Fantasy: The Liberation of Imagination
2407:
2336:
1905:were also published around this time.
4598:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
4225:
4198:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3655:
2924:
2922:
2755:, Twayne Publishers, New York, 1995,
2652:
2411:
2190:influence of J.R.R. Tolkien's fiction
1668:created medieval-set stories such as
1576:, a genre that began in Britain with
1233:, both of which are based on ancient
1129:It was influential in Europe and the
880:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
3767:Women in Science Fiction and Fantasy
1749:, with the works of writers such as
1166:, "the germ which culminated in the
4251:
3995:from the original on 5 October 2011
3743:Survey of Modern Fantasy Literature
3471:Of Other Worlds: Essays and Stories
3182:Charles Nodier:Pilot of Romanticism
3054:Survey of Modern Fantasy Literature
2938:(Paperback 2003 ed.). London:
2192:has—particularly over the genre of
2093:(1946), the book that launched the
891:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
24:
5559:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
4885:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
3870:from the original on 13 April 2017
3688:
3077:St. James Guide To Fantasy Writers
2919:
1842:The Happy Prince and Other Stories
1745:Fantasy literature was popular in
1420:The Facetious Nights of Straparola
34:. For the 1981–1987 magazine, see
25:
5671:
4063:from the original on 3 April 2018
4027:from the original on 4 March 2016
3963:from the original on 12 July 2013
3840:from the original on 4 March 2016
3822:"There and Back Again: Tolkien's
3676:from the original on 12 July 2023
3656:Olson, Danel (29 December 2010).
2066:In 1938, with the publication of
1852:developed the conventions of the
1699:The Nutcracker and the Mouse King
1619:were inspired by the movement of
559:List of alternate history fiction
5624:
5623:
5613:
4015:"New York Times bestseller list"
3451:The A to Z of Fantasy Literature
3425:, "Lewis Carroll", p 247-54, in
3195:The A to Z of Fantasy Literature
3048:, "Undine", (pp. 1992–1994). in
3004:The A to Z of Fantasy Literature
2891:The A to Z of Fantasy Literature
2866:Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers
2695:, "Malory, (Sir) Thomas" p 621,
2507:Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers
2293:
1884:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
1740:
1594:-influenced fantasy elements is
1471:
1020:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
910:
533:
486:
5614:
4569:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
4208:, University of Chicago Press,
4139:
4120:
4101:
4075:
4039:
4007:
3924:
3882:
3852:
3800:
3780:
3756:
3735:
3725:. New York: Scribner's, 1985.
3715:
3649:
3630:
3610:
3590:
3570:
3547:
3523:
3496:
3483:
3463:
3443:
3416:
3383:
3363:
3306:
3255:
3217:. New York: Scribner's, 1985.
3207:
3187:
3174:
3154:
3144:. New York: Scribner's, 1985.
3134:
3124:. New York: Scribner's, 1985.
3114:
3093:
3066:
3039:
2996:
2976:
2956:
2903:
2880:
2831:
2806:
2786:
2766:
2745:
2725:
2705:
2676:
2646:
2626:
2606:
2561:
1897:(1900), as well as the work of
1870:, further developed the style.
4167:
3319:. New York: Scribner's, 1985.
3164:(p. 137) Collier Books, 1978.
2868:: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy
2735:, "Ariosto, Lodovico" p 60-1,
2509:: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy
2495:
2464:
2439:
2417:
2401:
2381:
2356:
2059:devoted a chapter of his book
1733:" (1838) as well as the novel
1557:
1365:
1356:the modern image of "medieval"
1340:they were out of fashion, and
1172:, and which also inspired the
13:
1:
3433:. Scribner's, New York, 1985
1934:
1650:Giovanni Francesco Straparola
1415:Giovanni Francesco Straparola
1334:
1092:
1059:
3723:Supernatural Fiction Writers
3391:Supernatural Fiction Writers
3317:Supernatural Fiction Writers
2329:
1770:The King of the Golden River
1666:Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
47:Frankenstein book cover 1831
36:Fantasy Book (1981 magazine)
7:
4587:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
3830:Recorte: Revista EletrĂ´nica
2984:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2982:John Grant and John Clute,
2964:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2962:John Grant and John Clute,
2733:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2731:John Grant and John Clute,
2713:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2711:John Grant and John Clute,
2692:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2594:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2592:John Grant and John Clute,
2569:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2567:John Grant and John Clute,
2549:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2547:John Grant and John Clute,
2529:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2527:John Grant and John Clute,
2426:Problems, Myths and Stories
2389:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2387:John Grant and John Clute,
2344:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
2342:John Grant and John Clute,
2286:
1814:The Well at the World's End
1787:The Princess and the Goblin
898:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
885:List of Japanese SF writers
10:
5676:
3491:The Game of the Impossible
3237:Prickett, Stephen (1979).
2596:, "Celtic fantasy", p 275
2551:, "Nordic fantasy", p 692
2531:, "Arabian fantasy", p 52
2363:Prickett, Stephen (1979).
1894:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
1757:reaching wider audiences.
1676:Sintram and his Companions
1048:
1044:
29:
5609:
5515:
5434:
5324:
5162:
5082:
4911:
4902:
4832:
4823:
4732:
4700:
4638:
4625:List of story collections
4554:
4510:
4503:
4466:Occult detective fiction‎
4287:
4259:
4200:Ryder, Arthur W. (transl)
4147:"Quality in Epic Fantasy"
4128:The Language of the Night
4109:The Language of the Night
3638:The Language of the Night
3505:Oxford English Dictionary
3083:. St. James Press, 1996.
2445:Richard Matthews (2002).
2410:, Introduction, page xv;
2346:, "Taproot texts", p 921
2133:. Tolkien's close friend
1921:" (1896) and MacDonald's
1731:One of Cleopatra's Nights
1623:in their 1812 collection
1133:. It used various animal
982:is considered a genre of
341:Occult detective fiction‎
4890:World Fantasy Convention
3705:. Wildside Press, 2009,
3560:, Wildside Press, 1999.
2238:
2182:Lucca Comics & Games
2140:The Chronicles of Narnia
1990:, and J. R. R. Tolkien.
1856:subgenre with his novel
1431:wrote and published the
1055:Early history of fantasy
1032:The Chronicles of Narnia
4958:Fire-breathing monsters
4174:Jacobs, Joseph (1888),
3902:Reinders, Eric (2024).
3769:(p.39), ABC-CLIO, 2009
2966:, "Romanticism", p 821
2391:, "Elemental" p 313-4,
1846:A House of Pomegranates
1761:Hans Christian Andersen
1602:William Thomas Beckford
1509:The Princess of Babylon
4709:Dungeons & Dragons
3936:18 August 2017 at the
3826:in the Modern Fiction"
3558:The Weird Tales Story
2490:Vikram and The Vampire
2486:Richard Francis Burton
2319:List of fantasy novels
2196:—prompted a reaction.
2185:
2069:The Sword in the Stone
2039:Sylvia Townsend Warner
1612:
1160:Richard Francis Burton
1152:Vikram and the Vampire
48:
4775:International Fantasy
3824:The Lord of the Rings
3263:Fantasists on Fantasy
3160:Franz Rottensteiner,
2309:Children's literature
2159:
2110:The Lord of the Rings
1610:
1579:The Castle of Otranto
1546:sentiment during the
1448:in the 16th century,
1306:From the 13th century
1182:, (2nd century A.D).
46:
5579:Supernatural fiction
4656:Fantastic Adventures
3616:L. Sprague de Camp,
3099:Veronica Ortenberg,
2772:L. Sprague de Camp,
2751:Steven Swann Jones,
2004:A Voyage to Arcturus
1875:children's fantasies
1864:Edgar Rice Burroughs
1859:King Solomon's Mines
1631:Romantic nationalism
1505:contes philosophique
1486:Age of Enlightenment
1456:(earth elementals);
1441:appear to this day.
1417:wrote and published
1404:Gerusalemme Liberata
372:Supernatural fiction
4880:Tolkien's influence
4593:Fantasy Masterworks
4546:Television programs
4354:Fairy tale parodies
4158:Writing and Fantasy
4047:"Hawes' archive of
3808:Kingdoms of Sorcery
3662:. Scarecrow Press.
3358:Kingdoms of Sorcery
3180:A. Richard Oliver,
2986:, "Romance", p 821
2818:The Discarded Image
2715:, "Arthur" p 60-1,
2659:The Discarded Image
2571:, "Beowulf", p 107
2480:21 May 2017 at the
2229:George R. R. Martin
2061:English Prose Style
1942:Der Orchideengarten
1919:The Happy Hypocrite
1654:Giambattista Basile
1642:The Poems of Ossian
1626:Grimm's Fairy Tales
1611:The Grimm brothers.
1429:Giambattista Basile
1370:At the time of the
1342:Miguel de Cervantes
1066:Classical mythology
1004:television programs
984:speculative fiction
636:Legendary creatures
543:Speculative fiction
321:Lovecraftian horror
5650:Fantasy literature
5102:Damsel in distress
4870:Mythopoeic Society
4471:Paranormal romance
4386:Historical fantasy
4371:Fantasy of manners
4325:Children's fantasy
4152:2014-08-08 at the
4020:The New York Times
3956:The New York Times
3786:Michael Moorcock,
3449:Brian Stableford,
3411:Realms of Wizardry
3369:Stephen Prickett,
3342:Realms of Wizardry
3193:Brian Stableford,
3025:Michael Moorcock,
3002:Brian Stableford,
2914:Realms of Wizardry
2861:L. Sprague de Camp
2792:Carole B. Silver,
2612:Michael Moorcock,
2502:L. Sprague de Camp
2432:2016-05-09 at the
2211:The New York Times
2186:
2130:The Worm Ouroboros
2095:Gormenghast series
2049:The Worm Ouroboros
1819:chivalric romances
1690:'s tales, such as
1621:German Romanticism
1613:
1544:anti-authoritarian
1348:them in his novel
1079:The philosophy of
1051:History of fantasy
962:imaginary universe
954:Fantasy literature
870:Fictional universe
49:
5637:
5636:
5511:
5510:
5436:Places and events
4898:
4897:
4728:
4727:
4449:Planetary romance
4360:Fairytale fantasy
4315:Alternate history
4303:Sword and sorcery
4294:Action-adventure
3866:. 13 March 2014.
3711:978-1-4344-0339-1
3371:Victorian Fantasy
3239:Victorian Fantasy
2949:978-0-563-48714-2
2365:Victorian Fantasy
2281:fairytale fantasy
2271:Evangeline Walton
2251:Ursula K. Le Guin
2217:Brandon Sanderson
2162:Brandon Sanderson
2115:Anglo-Saxon myths
1976:Ursula K. Le Guin
1903:Frank R. Stockton
1727:Théophile Gautier
1656:and developed by
1439:fairytale fantasy
1382:Sir Thomas Malory
1377:Le Morte d'Arthur
1312:chivalric romance
1300:Matter of Britain
1296:chivalric romance
1284:Evangeline Walton
1158:is, according to
1139:political science
1014:, music and art.
974:magical creatures
951:
950:
875:Fictional species
820:Fiction magazines
738:Fiction magazines
609:Fiction magazines
552:Alternate history
528:
527:
382:Sword and sorcery
367:Superhero fiction
204:Campaign settings
16:(Redirected from
5667:
5627:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5493:Enchanted forest
5137:Occult detective
4909:
4908:
4865:Lovecraft fandom
4830:
4829:
4534:highest-grossing
4508:
4507:
4495:West‎ern fantasy
4246:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4205:The Panchatantra
4195:
4189:
4181:
4161:
4143:
4137:
4124:
4118:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4085:. Archived from
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3947:
3941:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3899:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3817:
3811:
3806:Lin Carter, ed.
3804:
3798:
3784:
3778:
3760:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3719:
3713:
3699:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3653:
3647:
3634:
3628:
3614:
3608:
3594:
3588:
3574:
3568:
3551:
3545:
3527:
3521:
3500:
3494:
3487:
3481:
3467:
3461:
3447:
3441:
3420:
3414:
3409:Lin Carter, ed.
3407:
3401:
3387:
3381:
3367:
3361:
3356:Lin Carter, ed.
3354:
3345:
3340:Lin Carter, ed.
3338:
3327:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3282:
3273:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3234:
3225:
3211:
3205:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3158:
3152:
3138:
3132:
3118:
3112:
3097:
3091:
3070:
3064:
3046:Brian Stableford
3043:
3037:
3023:
3014:
3000:
2994:
2980:
2974:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2926:
2917:
2907:
2901:
2887:Brian Stableford
2884:
2878:
2858:
2849:
2835:
2829:
2810:
2804:
2790:
2784:
2770:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2729:
2723:
2709:
2703:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2650:
2644:
2630:
2624:
2610:
2604:
2590:
2579:
2565:
2559:
2545:
2539:
2525:
2519:
2499:
2493:
2468:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2421:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2360:
2354:
2340:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2277:Michael Moorcock
2225:Patrick Rothfuss
2213:Best Seller list
2160:Fantasy writers
2099:J. R. R. Tolkien
1873:Several classic
1850:H. Rider Haggard
1832:Authors such as
1680:George MacDonald
1658:Charles Perrault
1530:However, in the
1480:(1628–1703) and
1478:Charles Perrault
1392:Ludovico Ariosto
1339:
1336:
1243:J. R. R. Tolkien
1205:(Arabian Nights)
1124:Fables of Bidpai
1101:
1097:
1094:
943:
936:
929:
915:
914:
537:
530:
529:
520:
513:
506:
490:
435:Lovecraft fandom
377:Sword-and-sandal
51:
50:
21:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5664:
5660:Literary genres
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5605:
5574:Science fiction
5507:
5430:
5320:
5227:Magical weapons
5158:
5122:Fairy godmother
5078:
5022:Talking animals
4894:
4819:
4745:British Fantasy
4724:
4696:
4677:Science Fantasy
4634:
4550:
4499:
4438:Science fantasy
4283:
4255:
4253:Fantasy fiction
4250:
4216:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4154:Wayback Machine
4144:
4140:
4125:
4121:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4090:
4089:on 29 June 2013
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4044:
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4030:
4028:
4013:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3959:. 7 July 2013.
3949:
3948:
3944:
3938:Wayback Machine
3929:
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3871:
3858:
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3814:
3805:
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3785:
3781:
3763:Robin Anne Reid
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3670:
3654:
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3631:
3615:
3611:
3595:
3591:
3575:
3571:
3554:Robert Weinberg
3552:
3548:
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3524:
3501:
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3488:
3484:
3468:
3464:
3448:
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3404:
3388:
3384:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3286:Scholes, Robert
3283:
3276:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3235:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3175:
3159:
3155:
3139:
3135:
3119:
3115:
3098:
3094:
3071:
3067:
3050:Frank N. Magill
3044:
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2942:. p. 390.
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2750:
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2710:
2706:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2651:
2647:
2632:Colin Manlove,
2631:
2627:
2611:
2607:
2591:
2582:
2566:
2562:
2546:
2542:
2526:
2522:
2500:
2496:
2482:Wayback Machine
2469:
2465:
2444:
2440:
2434:Wayback Machine
2424:Doris Lessing,
2422:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2386:
2382:
2375:
2361:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2241:
2127:'s 1922 novel,
2117:, particularly
2024:Lud-in-the-Mist
1960:H. P. Lovecraft
1937:
1868:Abraham Merritt
1834:Edgar Allan Poe
1755:Charles Dodgson
1747:Victorian times
1743:
1688:E.T.A. Hoffmann
1660:and the French
1560:
1532:Elizabethan era
1482:Madame d'Aulnoy
1474:
1396:Orlando furioso
1387:Amadis de Gaula
1368:
1337:
1308:
1269:Celtic folklore
1213:Antoine Galland
1114:Vedic mythology
1099:
1095:
1062:
1057:
1049:Main articles:
1047:
988:science fiction
947:
909:
904:
903:
865:
857:
856:
800:
790:
789:
711:Climate fiction
691:
689:Science fiction
681:
680:
589:
587:Fantasy fiction
579:
578:
554:
524:
357:Shenmo fiction‎
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5673:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5655:Fantasy genres
5652:
5635:
5634:
5632:
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5621:
5610:
5607:
5606:
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5603:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5554:Horror fiction
5551:
5549:Gothic fiction
5546:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5498:Thieves' guild
5495:
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4906:
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4887:
4882:
4877:
4875:Tolkien fandom
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4821:
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4818:
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4603:List of novels
4600:
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4590:
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4100:
4074:
4049:New York Times
4038:
4006:
3974:
3942:
3940:April 17, 2014
3923:
3916:
3891:
3881:
3851:
3812:
3799:
3779:
3755:
3753:. pp. 926–931.
3734:
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3495:
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2704:
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2463:
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2373:
2355:
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2328:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2288:
2285:
2240:
2237:
2233:Terry Goodkind
2166:Steven Erikson
2034:Lolly Willowes
1964:Cthulhu Mythos
1936:
1933:
1827:invented world
1798:A Dish of Orts
1775:J.R.R. Tolkien
1742:
1739:
1715:Charles Nodier
1706:'s collection
1693:The Golden Pot
1684:William Morris
1617:Brothers Grimm
1592:Arabian Nights
1588:horror fiction
1584:Horace Walpole
1559:
1556:
1513:The White Bull
1473:
1470:
1400:Torquato Tasso
1367:
1364:
1325:that reworked
1307:
1304:
1239:William Morris
1235:oral tradition
1220:Fornaldarsagas
1169:Arabian Nights
1147:Baital Pachisi
1061:
1058:
1046:
1043:
1008:graphic novels
949:
948:
946:
945:
938:
931:
923:
920:
919:
906:
905:
902:
901:
894:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
798:Horror fiction
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
756:
755:
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580:
577:
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571:
569:Sidewise Award
566:
561:
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538:
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508:
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481:
480:
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478:
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468:
463:
458:
450:
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444:
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440:Tolkien fandom
437:
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411:
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384:
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369:
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258:
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199:Fantasy worlds
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26:
9:
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4:
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2:
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5557:
5555:
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5550:
5547:
5544:
5543:Ghost stories
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
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5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
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5518:
5514:
5504:
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5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5326:Fantasy races
5323:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5299:Shapeshifting
5297:
5295:
5292:
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5285:
5282:
5280:
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5198:
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5180:
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5172:Hard and soft
5170:
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5018:
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4995:Shapeshifters
4993:
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4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4815:World Fantasy
4813:
4811:
4810:Tähtifantasia
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4780:Japan Fantasy
4778:
4776:
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4771:
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4509:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4478:Weird fiction
4476:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4461:Urban fantasy
4459:
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4454:
4450:
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4340:
4336:
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4332:
4331:
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4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4309:
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4301:
4299:
4296:
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4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
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4272:
4270:
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4258:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4217:
4215:81-7224-080-5
4211:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4145:Alec Austin,
4142:
4136:
4135:0-425-05205-2
4132:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4116:0-425-05205-2
4113:
4110:
4104:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4059:
4052:
4050:
4042:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4010:
3991:
3988:. Hawes.com.
3984:
3978:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3919:
3917:9781350374645
3913:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3896:
3885:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3796:1-932265-07-4
3793:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3751:0-89356-450-8
3748:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3731:0-684-17808-7
3728:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3675:
3671:
3669:9780810877290
3665:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3645:0-425-05205-2
3642:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3626:0-87054-076-9
3623:
3619:
3613:
3607:
3606:0-313-21221-X
3603:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3586:0-313-21221-X
3583:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3566:1-58715-101-4
3563:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3543:0-313-21221-X
3540:
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3532:
3526:
3519:
3515:
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3507:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3479:0-15-667897-7
3476:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3459:0-8108-6829-6
3456:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:0-684-17808-7
3436:
3432:
3428:
3427:E. F. Bleiler
3424:
3423:J.R. Pfeiffer
3419:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3399:0-684-17808-7
3396:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3379:0-253-17461-9
3376:
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3359:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3326:
3325:0-684-17808-7
3322:
3318:
3314:
3313:Gary K. Wolfe
3309:
3301:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3271:0-380-86553-X
3268:
3264:
3258:
3250:
3248:0-253-17461-9
3244:
3240:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3223:0-684-17808-7
3220:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3203:0-8108-6829-6
3200:
3196:
3190:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3170:0-02-053560-0
3167:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3150:0-684-17808-7
3147:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3130:0-684-17808-7
3127:
3123:
3117:
3110:
3109:1-85285-383-2
3106:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3089:1-55862-205-5
3086:
3082:
3081:David Pringle
3078:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3062:0-89356-450-8
3059:
3055:
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3047:
3042:
3036:
3035:1-932265-07-4
3032:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3013:
3012:0-8108-6829-6
3009:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2992:0-312-19869-8
2989:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2972:0-312-19869-8
2969:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2940:BBC Worldwide
2937:
2936:
2931:
2930:Schama, Simon
2925:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2899:0-8108-6829-6
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2876:0-87054-076-9
2873:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2848:
2847:0-393-97636-X
2844:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2827:0-521-47735-2
2824:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2802:0-19-512199-6
2799:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2782:0-87054-076-9
2779:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2761:0-8057-0950-9
2758:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2741:0-312-19869-8
2738:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2721:0-312-19869-8
2718:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2701:0-312-19869-8
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2669:0-521-47735-2
2665:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2642:0-268-00790-X
2639:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2622:1-932265-07-4
2619:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2602:0-312-19869-8
2599:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2578:
2577:0-312-19869-8
2574:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2557:0-312-19869-8
2554:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2537:0-312-19869-8
2534:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2517:0-87054-076-9
2514:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:Isabel Burton
2467:
2460:
2459:0-415-93890-2
2456:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2397:0-312-19869-8
2394:
2390:
2384:
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2374:0-253-17461-9
2370:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2352:0-312-19869-8
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2301:Novels portal
2296:
2291:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:E. R. Eddison
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2231:in 2011, and
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:E. R. Eddison
2122:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2078:comic fantasy
2075:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2043:E. R. Eddison
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:Hope Mirrlees
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:David Garnett
2016:
2015:
2014:Lady into Fox
2010:
2009:David Lindsay
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:Stella Benson
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:E. R. Eddison
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:L. Frank Baum
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:Lewis Carroll
1876:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
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1835:
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1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1741:Victorian era
1738:
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1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1709:
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1701:
1700:
1695:
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1575:
1570:
1568:
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1553:
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1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:contes de fée
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:Enlightenment
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1444:In a work on
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
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1379:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:is a type of
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:
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1254:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:(c.1353) the
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:Isabel Burton
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1100: 430 BC
1090:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1028:
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1022:
1021:
1015:
1013:
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1001:
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900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
864:Miscellaneous
861:
860:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
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826:
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802:
799:
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793:
786:
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781:
778:
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773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
760:Organizations
758:
754:
751:
750:
749:
746:
744:
741:
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732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
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677:
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669:
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664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
630:
629:Early history
627:
626:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
588:
583:
582:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:Retrofuturism
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
548:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
532:
531:
521:
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365:
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360:
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349:
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344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Magical girl‎
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
295:
292:
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187:
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169:
168:
165:
161:
160:Early history
158:
157:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
142:Genre studies
141:
140:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
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87:
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80:
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75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Fantasy novel
5601:Urban legend
5503:Magic school
5476:Astral plane
5471:Hollow Earth
5164:Magic system
5117:Dragonslayer
5012:Skin-walkers
4860:The Inklings
4853:Harry Potter
4852:
4707:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4585:
4555:
4406:Magical girl
4381:High fantasy
4376:Hard fantasy
4342:Dark fantasy
4320:Contemporary
4268:
4204:
4176:
4157:
4141:
4127:
4122:
4108:
4103:
4091:. Retrieved
4087:the original
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4048:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4018:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3954:
3945:
3926:
3903:
3884:
3872:. Retrieved
3863:
3854:
3842:. Retrieved
3833:
3829:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3802:
3787:
3782:
3766:
3758:
3742:
3737:
3722:
3717:
3702:
3678:. Retrieved
3658:
3651:
3637:
3632:
3617:
3612:
3597:
3592:
3577:
3572:
3557:
3549:
3534:
3525:
3520:(pp.26–35.).
3509:
3503:
3498:
3490:
3489:W.R. Irwin,
3485:
3470:
3465:
3450:
3445:
3430:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3390:
3385:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3341:
3316:
3308:
3289:
3262:
3257:
3238:
3214:
3209:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3161:
3156:
3141:
3136:
3121:
3116:
3100:
3095:
3079:, edited by
3076:
3068:
3053:
3041:
3026:
3003:
2998:
2983:
2978:
2963:
2958:
2934:
2913:
2905:
2890:
2882:
2864:
2838:
2837:Jack Zipes,
2833:
2816:
2808:
2793:
2788:
2773:
2768:
2752:
2747:
2732:
2727:
2712:
2707:
2690:
2678:
2657:
2654:Lewis, C. S.
2648:
2633:
2628:
2613:
2608:
2593:
2568:
2563:
2548:
2543:
2528:
2523:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2466:
2446:
2441:
2425:
2419:
2403:
2388:
2383:
2364:
2358:
2343:
2338:
2275:
2259:Lord Dunsany
2255:high fantasy
2249:
2242:
2210:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2194:high fantasy
2187:
2174:Philip Reeve
2170:Terry Brooks
2148:
2147:, author of
2145:Tove Jansson
2138:
2137:, author of
2128:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2088:
2085:Mervyn Peake
2082:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2057:Herbert Read
2054:
2047:
2032:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1995:Living Alone
1994:
1992:
1988:Mervyn Peake
1972:Lord Dunsany
1968:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1926:
1922:
1915:Max Beerbohm
1912:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1857:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1823:dream worlds
1812:
1806:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1759:
1751:Mary Shelley
1744:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1704:Ludwig Tieck
1697:
1691:
1675:
1669:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1595:
1577:
1574:Gothic novel
1571:
1561:
1529:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1494:Romantic era
1489:
1475:
1443:
1432:
1418:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1309:
1292:Fenian Cycle
1288:Ulster Cycle
1286:. The Irish
1273:
1267:
1260:
1257:John Gardner
1250:
1217:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1187:
1173:
1167:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1123:
1119:Panchatantra
1117:
1108:
1086:
1078:
1072:(Greek) and
1063:
1036:
1030:
1026:Harry Potter
1024:
1018:
1016:
996:written form
978:
970:supernatural
953:
952:
896:
889:
640:
428:Harry Potter
427:
386:
362:Splatterpunk
260:
237:Contemporary
177:Magic system
124:Light novels
103:
40:
32:Fantasy Book
5528:Epic poetry
5389:Leprechauns
5304:Thaumaturgy
5279:Incantation
5232:Magic sword
4790:Méliès d'Or
4691:Weird Tales
4444:Dying Earth
4423:Mythopoeia‎
4401:Low fantasy
4366:Fantastique
4168:Works cited
3999:16 November
3531:Mike Ashley
3073:Mike Ashley
2449:, p. 8-10.
2408:Jacobs 1888
2314:Fantastique
2221:Neil Gaiman
2178:Joshua Kahn
2150:The Moomins
2135:C. S. Lewis
2107:(1937) and
2090:Titus Groan
2074:T. H. White
2007:(1920) by
1980:S. T. Joshi
1948:Weird Tales
1907:C. S. Lewis
1844:(1888) and
1838:Oscar Wilde
1809:Middle Ages
1802:C. S. Lewis
1790:(1868) and
1765:John Ruskin
1725:(1822) and
1721:(1821) and
1696:(1814) and
1674:(1811) and
1563:Romanticism
1558:Romanticism
1511:(1768) and
1466:salamanders
1464:(air); and
1434:Pentamerone
1425:fairy tales
1411:Renaissance
1409:During the
1372:Renaissance
1366:Renaissance
1351:Don Quixote
1338: 1600
1331:fairy tales
1310:Romance or
1247:Anglo-Saxon
1209:Middle East
1195:Pentamerone
1156:frame story
1131:Middle East
1012:video games
815:Conventions
726:Conventions
661:Superheroes
604:Fantasy art
283:Ghost story
262:Fantastique
189:Mythopoeia‎
5644:Categories
5589:Tokusatsu‎
5538:Fairy tale
5481:Dreamworld
5379:Hobgoblins
5314:Witchcraft
5284:Necromancy
5264:Divination
5259:Demonology
5222:Magic ring
5212:Magic item
5195:Ceremonial
5084:Characters
5005:Werewolves
4943:Elementals
4847:Filk music
4795:Mythopoeic
4630:Publishers
4556:Literature
4516:television
4488:Weird West
4428:Omegaverse
4298:Lost world
4269:Literature
3910:Academic.
3908:Bloomsbury
3775:0313335915
3518:080931374X
3299:080931374X
2910:Lin Carter
2813:C.S. Lewis
2687:John Clute
2683:John Grant
2412:Ryder 1925
2104:The Hobbit
2037:(1926) by
2027:(1926) by
2017:(1922) by
1997:(1919) by
1935:After 1901
1928:The Hobbit
1923:Phantastes
1854:lost world
1793:Phantastes
1662:précieuses
1600:(1786) by
1582:(1764) by
1552:fairylands
1521:Richardson
1450:Paracelsus
1346:burlesqued
1280:Mabinogion
1249:epic poem
1189:Decamerone
1175:Golden Ass
1098: – c.
1096: 490
1089:Empedocles
1060:Beginnings
1038:The Hobbit
960:set in an
958:literature
847:Television
775:Television
666:Television
641:Literature
471:Television
448:Categories
388:Tokusatsu‎
305:Historical
268:Of manners
247:Fairy tale
227:Children's
172:Magic item
129:Television
119:Publishers
104:Literature
5584:Superhero
5569:Mythology
5466:Lost city
5374:Halflings
5294:Shamanism
5289:Runecraft
5274:Evocation
5132:Magicians
5107:Dark lord
5092:Barbarian
5052:Skeletons
4975:Gargoyles
4953:Familiars
4913:Creatures
4649:Fantastic
4640:Magazines
4483:New weird
4288:Subgenres
3967:15 August
2870:, p 9-11
2841:, p 858,
2451:Routledge
2330:Footnotes
2324:Mythology
2235:in 2006.
2223:in 2013,
2219:in 2014,
1899:E. Nesbit
1777:'s later
1708:Phantasus
1460:(water);
1354:. Still,
1344:famously
1323:narrative
1228:Icelandic
1207:from the
1184:Boccaccio
1076:(Roman).
466:Subgenres
346:Romantic‎
214:Subgenres
150:Creatures
134:Webcomics
109:Magazines
5629:Category
5523:Allegory
5399:Mermaids
5369:Gremlins
5334:Centaurs
5269:Egregore
5250:Schools
5217:Grimoire
5177:Elements
5149:Wild man
5069:Unicorns
5057:Vampires
5000:Werecats
4842:Fanspeak
4750:Crawford
4720:Podcasts
4433:Romantic
4416:Mythpunk
4347:Grimdark
4335:Bangsian
4202:(1925),
4186:citation
4180:, London
4150:Archived
4058:Archived
4025:Archived
3990:Archived
3961:Archived
3934:Archived
3874:28 April
3868:Archived
3864:BBC News
3838:Archived
3680:15 March
3674:Archived
3620:, p. 79
2932:(2003).
2656:(1994).
2488:(1870),
2478:Archived
2430:Archived
2287:See also
2245:folklore
1887:(1865),
1877:such as
1848:(1891).
1737:(1866).
1636:Kalevala
1567:romances
1540:populist
1525:Fielding
1501:Voltaire
1360:medieval
1180:Apuleius
1104:elements
1029:series,
842:Podcasts
765:Podcasts
753:Timeline
646:Podcasts
404:West‎ern
336:Mythpunk
289:Grimdark
273:Folklore
222:Bangsian
182:Magician
99:Podcasts
5619:Outline
5516:Related
5394:Merfolk
5384:Kobolds
5364:Goblins
5349:Treants
5339:Dwarves
5309:Theurgy
5254:Alchemy
5186:neutral
5154:Witches
5097:Caveman
5062:Zombies
5047:Mummies
5017:Spirits
4968:Dragons
4963:Chimera
4948:Faeries
4765:Gemmell
4760:Gandalf
4715:FĂ©eries
4684:Unknown
4564:Authors
4539:S&S
4279:Sources
4264:History
4093:4 April
4067:6 April
4031:24 July
3373:p 98-9
2821:, p135
2796:, p 38
2776:, p 11
2511:, p 10
2475:Preface
2267:Tolkien
2202:zhiguai
2120:Beowulf
1779:Gandalf
1735:Spirite
1536:England
1458:undines
1446:alchemy
1327:legends
1298:: the
1262:Grendel
1252:Beowulf
1045:History
980:Fantasy
852:Writers
830:History
785:Writers
748:History
731:Fanzine
716:Editors
701:Artists
676:Writers
624:History
574:Writers
456:Fantasy
351:Science
278:Gaslamp
232:Comedic
155:History
84:Authors
79:Artists
55:Fantasy
5488:Castle
5449:Worlds
5444:Quests
5426:Trolls
5404:Mermen
5359:Gnomes
5354:Giants
5127:Heroes
5042:Liches
5037:Ghosts
5027:Undead
4990:Nymphs
4936:Ghouls
4931:Devils
4926:Demons
4921:Angels
4904:Tropes
4855:fandom
4825:Fandom
4805:Saturn
4800:Nebula
4755:Dragon
4740:Balrog
4733:Awards
4574:Comics
4456:Shenmo
4411:Mythic
4396:LitRPG
4391:Isekai
4330:Comedy
4308:Wuxia‎
4212:
4133:
4114:
3914:
3889:Print.
3844:7 July
3794:
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3052:, ed.
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2897:
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2825:
2800:
2780:
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1767:wrote
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1719:Smarra
1671:Undine
1597:Vathek
1523:, and
1462:sylphs
1454:gnomes
1245:. The
1241:, and
1135:fables
1116:. The
1074:Virgil
1035:, and
1023:, the
992:horror
968:, the
917:Portal
837:Genres
810:Awards
780:Themes
743:Genres
721:Fandom
706:Awards
671:Worlds
651:Quests
619:Genres
599:Fandom
492:Portal
476:Tropes
461:Awards
430:fandom
418:Fandom
409:Wuxia‎
394:Urban‎
316:LitRPG
311:Isekai
253:Parody
194:Tropes
89:Comics
5594:Kaiju
5564:Mecha
5533:Fable
5411:Ogres
5344:Elves
5239:Runes
5190:light
5112:Donor
5074:YĹŤkai
5032:Death
4785:Locus
4701:Other
4663:Locus
4529:Films
4524:Anime
4504:Media
4274:Magic
4061:(PDF)
4054:(PDF)
3993:(PDF)
3986:(PDF)
3836:(2).
3790:p 47
3029:p 35
2763:, p38
2636:p 12
2484:, in
2239:Style
1717:with
1548:1590s
1517:Defoe
1320:verse
1316:prose
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1231:sagas
1224:Norse
1110:India
1087:With
1081:Plato
1070:Homer
1000:films
966:Magic
825:Films
805:Anime
696:Anime
656:Magic
614:Films
594:Anime
399:Weird
242:Dark‎
167:Magic
114:Manga
94:Films
69:Anime
61:Media
5461:Maps
5454:list
5421:Orcs
5244:Wand
5205:Moon
5200:Love
5182:Dark
5142:list
4985:Jinn
4980:Imps
4770:Hugo
4579:list
4514:and
4512:Film
4210:ISBN
4192:link
4131:ISBN
4112:ISBN
4095:2013
4069:2011
4033:2011
4001:2011
3969:2013
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3876:2020
3846:2012
3792:ISBN
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3727:ISBN
3707:ISBN
3682:2023
3664:ISBN
3641:ISBN
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3602:ISBN
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2261:and
2227:and
2184:2016
2176:and
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770:Film
299:High
294:Hard
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