Fast food - Knowledge

1387: 1585:. Thus, the restaurant was strategically implemented so that its offerings would align with the distinct and established eating habits, also known as the customs around food, eating and cooking, of Muscovites. One significant characteristic of Russian food culture is the emphasis on knowing about the locality of goods that are consumed. Essentially, in order to successfully launch this American brand in a foreign country, McDonald's interpreted the local interests of consumers in Moscow by promoting the origins of the produce used in the restaurant. On January 31, 1990, McDonald's opened a restaurant in Moscow and broke opening-day records for customers served. The Moscow restaurant is the busiest in the world. 657: 63: 890: 1165: 1436: 1157: 54: 1539: 926: 83: 34: 94: 7625: 1549: 1067: 4781: 43: 74: 371: 7636: 995: 1685:, highlights this fact, arguing that this is not only a financial but also a psychological bait, in that the students are lured towards this early employment opportunity knowing little that the time spent on this no-skill-learning job is wasted. The dangerous impacts and consequences regarding the hiring and firing of teenage school-goers in the fast-food industry have also been a point of criticism of the fast-food industry. Kelly Brownwell of 1331: 7676: 421: 7656: 820: 2332: 957: 257: 1734: 7666: 7646: 4769: 7613: 1720: 297:

and working families, needed quick service and inexpensive food for both lunch and dinner. The traditional family dinner is increasingly being replaced by the consumption of takeaway fast food. As a result, the time invested on food preparation is getting lower, with an average woman in the United States spending 47 minutes per day preparing food and the average man spending 19 minutes per day in 2013.

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proved as dangerous as it was expensive. Homeowners feared that a rogue cooking fire "might easily conflagrate an entire neighborhood". Thus, urbanites were encouraged to purchase pre-prepared meats or starches, such as bread or noodles, whenever possible. This also ensured that customers with strictly limited time (a commuter stopping to procure

2826:...labor accounts for roughly a third of a typical fast-food operator's expenses. ... Over the years, the average age of fast-food workers in the U.S. has been rising gradually as many teens have instead sought enrichment jobs to prepare for college. The median age for fast-food workers is now 22.1, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 953:. The customer chooses the size of the container they wish to buy, and then is free to fill it with their choice of food. It is common to combine several options in one container, and some outlets charge by weight rather than by item. In large cities, these restaurants may offer free delivery for purchases over a minimum amount. 1422:

food advertising, the effectiveness of this initiative has been disputed by studies that reveal that "children couldn't remember or identify healthful foods in the ads, and that 81 percent of the 99 3 to 7 year olds in that study recalled French fries" even though there were no french fries in the advertisement.

317:, a simple type of eating establishment. In Asia, 12th-century Chinese ate fried dough, soups and stuffed buns, all of which still exist as contemporary snack food. Their Baghdadi contemporaries supplemented home-cooked meals with processed legumes, purchased starches, and even ready-to-eat meats. During the 1312:

In contrast to the rest of the world, American citizens spend a much smaller amount of their income on food — largely due to various government subsidies that make fast food cheap and easily accessible. Calorie for calorie, foods sold in fast food restaurants, costs less and is more energy-dense, and

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The Council of Better Business Bureaus started the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative in 2006 which asked fast food companies to pledge to "advertise only more healthful products to children" with McDonald's and Burger King signing on. However, despite a slight increase in healthful

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saw results that suggest that when children watch more commercial television (and see more advertisements on fast food), they are more inclined to ask to visit these subsequent fast food restaurants. Specifically, fast food restaurants have been increasing their advertising efforts that target Black

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The Australian fast food market is valued at more than 2.7 billion GPB and is composed of 1.4 billion fast food meals. This includes meals serviced at 17,000 fast food outlets. The fast food market has experienced an average annual growth rate of 6.5 percent, which is the most rapidly growing sector

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bloomed. As a result of this new desire to have it all, coupled with the strides made by women while the men were away, both members of the household began to work outside the home. Eating out, which had previously been considered a luxury, became a common occurrence, and then a necessity. Workers,

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Also, the percentage of the students having consumed fast food and showed poor grades was around 11 percent more than those who used organic foods. They are of the view that other social factors such as television-watching, video games and playing were controlled to assess the real impacts of fast

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providers that promise quick service. Such fast food outlets often come with a "drive-through" service that lets customers order and pick up food from their vehicles. Others have indoor or outdoor seating areas where customers can eat on-site. The boom in IT services has allowed customers to order

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and cooked meats. As in Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those who did not have means to cook their own food, particularly single households. Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen facilities and thus relied on fast food.

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and prepared in an industrial fashion, i.e., on a large scale with standard ingredients and standardized cooking and production methods. It is usually rapidly served in cartons or bags or in plastic wrapping, in a fashion that minimizes cost. In most fast food operations, menu items are generally

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in the world, and American fast food restaurants are located in over 100 countries. Approximately 5.4 million U.S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing, including fast food in the US as of 2018. Worries of an obesity epidemic and its related illnesses have

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Multiple street vendors may specialize in specific types of food; typically, they are characteristic of a given cultural or ethnic tradition depending on the locale. In some cultures, it is typical for street vendors to call out prices, sing or chant sales-pitches, play music, or engage in other

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The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban developments. Homes in emerging cities often lacked adequate space or proper food preparation accoutrements. Additionally, procuring cooking fuel could cost as much as purchased produce. Frying foods in vats of searing oil

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indicated that fast-food restaurants spent about $ 318 million on Spanish-language TV channels. The same report found that fast-food restaurants spent about $ 99 million on majority Black viewer TV channels. Black youth groups viewed fast-food advertisements about more than white youth groups.

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According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 4.1 million U.S. workers are employed in food preparation and serving (including fast food) as of 2010. The BLS's projected job outlook expects average growth and excellent opportunity as a result of high turnover. However, in April 2011,

446:. Via the Industrial Revolution the fish and chip business expanded rapidly in Britain during the 19th century to satisfy the needs of the growing industrial population. By 1910, there were more than 25,000 fish and chip shops across the UK, and in the 1920s there were more than 35,000 shops. 1651:

published a study which claims that deregulated food markets are largely to blame for the obesity crisis, and suggested tighter regulations to reverse the trend. In the United States, local governments are restricting fast-food chains by limiting the number of restaurants found in certain

311:, multi-story apartment blocks, depended on food vendors for many of their meals; the Forum itself served as a marketplace where Romans could purchase baked goods and cured meats. In the mornings, bread soaked in wine was eaten as a quick snack and cooked vegetables and stews later in 4522:

Hirschman, Charles, and Irina Voloshin. "The Structure of Teenage Employment: Social Background and the Jobs Held by High School Seniors". Research in social stratification and mobility 25.3 (2007): 189–203. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Web. November 13,

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Despite so much popularity, fast foods and fast-food chains have adverse impacts not only on the job and social skills, but on the health and academic performance of students. Fifty-six percent of students consume fast food on a weekly basis. The researcher who wrote

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Fast-food chains have come under criticism over concerns ranging from claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, cases of worker exploitation, and claims of cultural degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods.

292:, cities had street stands – a large counter with a receptacle in the middle from which food or drink would have been served. It was during post-WWII American economic boom that Americans began to spend more and buy more as the economy boomed and a culture of 3083:

Though still a relatively small sector within the nation's $ 350 billion restaurant industry, several fast-casual chains are showing success and growth in Manhattan, and industry experts say it could be a sign of the sector's maturity and sustainability

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inspired many local government officials in the United States to propose to limit or regulate fast-food restaurants. Yet, US adults are unwilling to change their fast food consumption even in the face of rising costs and unemployment characterized by the

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To combat criticism, fast-food restaurants are starting to offer more health-friendly menu items. In addition to health criticisms, there are suggestions for the fast-food industry to become more eco-friendly. The chains have responded by "reducing

913:) or assembled in a short amount of time. This process ensures a consistent level of product quality. It is key to being able to deliver the order quickly to the customer and eliminate labor and equipment costs in the individual stores. 1309:. Due to this competition, fast food giants have seen dramatic drops in their sales. While overall fast food sales have fallen, the number of Americans who eat in these restaurants "once a month or 'a few times a year'" has risen. 1924: 794:, which are easy for a customer to access while on their journey. Petrol stations are a place that are often open long hours and are open before and after shop trading hours, therefore, it makes it easy to access for consumers. 1300:

In the United States, consumers spent $ 160 billion on fast food in 2012 (up from $ 6 billion in 1970). In 2013, the US restaurant industry had total projected sales of $ 660.5 billion. Fast food has been losing

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In a research study conducted by Professors Purtell Kelly and Gershoff, they found that the students of fifth grades, who ate fast foods as compared to the students of the same age after some other social factors were

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Hilger, J.; Loerbroks, A.; Diehl, K. (2017). "Eating behaviour of university students in Germany: Dietary intake, barriers to healthy eating and changes in eating behaviour since the time of matriculation".

248:. These correlations remain strong even when controlling for confounding lifestyle variables, suggesting a strong association between fast-food consumption and increased risk of disease and early mortality. 1467:

McDonald's hired approximately 62,000 new workers and received a million applications for those positions—an acceptance rate of 6.2%. The median age of workers in the industry in 2013 was 28. Obtaining

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Because of commercial emphasis on quickness, uniformity and low cost, fast food products are often made with ingredients formulated to achieve a certain flavor or consistency and to preserve freshness.

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expansion on a global scale was its introduction to the Russian market. In order for the American business to succeed it would have to be accepted and integrated into the daily lives of natives in

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Fish and chip shops are a form of fast food popular in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Fish is battered and then deep fried, and served with deep-fried potato strips.

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is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with approximately 39,129 restaurants in 90 countries as of May 2009, the first non-US location opening in December 1984 in

187:, use mass-produced, pre-prepared ingredients (bagged buns and condiments, frozen beef patties, vegetables which are pre-washed, pre-sliced, or both; etc.) and cook the meat and 439:'s Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the fish and chip shop and fast food industries. As a cheap fast food served in a wrapper, fish and chips became a stock meal among the 3581: 3448: 4158:"How America's fast food industry makes a quick buck. The gulf between CEO pay and staff McWages is shockingly wide: a strike serves this system of super-exploitation right" 3313: 1851: 4161: 4027:"Differential associations of fast food and restaurant food consumption with 3-y change in body mass index: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study" 1130:(literally "war"): mayonnaise and peanut sauce (sometimes also with ketchup and chopped onions). The meat product is usually a deep fried snack; this includes the 873:

life. Commonly, street vendors provide a colorful and varying range of options designed to captivate passers-by and attract as much attention as possible quickly.

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In 2012, fast food restaurants spent roughly US$ 4.6 billion on advertising campaigns, which represented an 8% increase from 2009. In the same period of time,

2650: 3425: 1022:. It trails only the burger industry in supplying children's fast food calories. Menus are more limited and standardized than in traditional pizzerias, and 1182:

In Portugal, there are some varieties of local fast-food and restaurants specialized in this type of local cuisine. Some of the most popular foods include

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British fast food had considerable regional variation. Sometimes the regionality of a dish became part of the culture of its respective area, such as the

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Smith, Vicki (November 4, 1998). "The Fractured World of the Temporary Worker: Power, Participation, and Fragmentation in the Contemporary Workplace".

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chain, selling hamburgers for five cents each. Walter Anderson had built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the limited

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in and around the larger cities continue to sell—as they have done for generations—a range of ready-to-eat, char-grilled meat sticks known locally as

4784: 4283:; Maha B. Ageib (2010). "Poor diet quality and food habits are related to impaired nutritional status in 13- to 18-year-old adolescents in Jeddah". 642:

In 2023, the median age of a fast-food worker was 22, and workers' wages make up about one third of the cost of operating a fast food restaurant.

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Chinese takeaways/takeout restaurants are particularly popular in Western countries such as the US and UK. They normally offer a wide variety of

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Nixon, Laura; Mejia, Pamela; Dorfman, Lori; Cheyne, Andrew; Young, Sandra; Friedman, Lissy C.; Gottlieb, Mark A.; Wooten, Heather (March 2015).

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Ronald, Adams (September 8, 2008). "Fast Food and Animal Rights: An Examination and Assessment of the Industry's Response to Social Pressure".

2728:"Resistant to the recession: low-income adults' maintenance of cooking and away-from-home eating behaviors during times of economic turbulence" 581:, high-volume, low-cost, high-speed hamburger restaurant. Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food being prepared. 2042: 1667:, who serves as the chair of New York University's Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, suggests that fast-food industries intentionally 1647:

has shown that current fast-food habits are related to the increase of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. In 2014, the

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The fastest form of "fast food" consists of pre-cooked meals which reduce waiting periods to mere seconds. Other fast-food outlets, primarily

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In 2006, the global fast-food market grew by 4.8% and reached a value of £102.4 billion and a volume of 80.3 billion transactions.

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Brindal, Emily; Mohr, Philip; Wilson, Carlene; Wittert, Gary (July 1, 2008). "Obesity and the effects of choice at a fast food restaurant".

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has further supported this argument that Burger King and McDonald's adopted another dangerous practice for marketing to innocent children.

4346:"Fast-Food Fights: News Coverage of Local Efforts to Improve Food Environments Through Land-Use Regulation, 2000–2013 [corrected]" 2612: 1708:, designed to highlight the potential negative health effects from the overconsumption of fast food, such as its contribution to obesity. 7339: 4716:

Levinstein, Harvey. Paradox of Plenty: a Social History of Eating in Modern America. Berkeley: University of California P, 2003. 228–229.

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prepared at a central supply facility and then shipped to individual outlets where they are reheated, cooked (usually by microwave or

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diploma or diploma in Fast Food Management can help to get a job in major fast food restaurants since it is one of the most desired.

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Brownwell, Kelly. "Are Children Prey for Fast Food Companies?" The Atlantic. The Atlantic. November 8, 2008. Web. November 13, 2015.

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Harris, Jennifer L., Frances Fleming-Milici, Lindsay Phaneuf, Melissa Jensen, Yoon Young Choi, Melissa McCann, Sally Mancini.

7419: 5396: 4126: 3949: 3134: 3011: 2681: 2436: 2381: 1965: 1908: 1886: 1788: 454:, West Yorkshire in 1928. On a single day in 1952, the shop served 10,000 portions of fish and chips, earning a place in the 4448: 7669: 284:) were not inconvenienced by waiting for their food to be cooked on-the-spot (as is expected from a traditional "sit down" 3708: 1206:(pork cutlets in a specific sauce served as a sandwich). This type of food is also often served with french fries (called 168:

or takeaway. Fast food was created as a commercial strategy to accommodate large numbers of busy commuters, travelers and

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Nearly from its inception, fast food has been designed to be eaten "on the go," often does not require traditional

4206:"Effects of Fast-Food Consumption on Energy Intake and Diet Quality Among Children in a National Household Survey" 656: 7840: 4229:

Hossein Rouhani, Mohammad; Mirseifinezhad, Maryam; Omrani, Nasrin; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad; Azadbakht, Leila (2012).

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has spread from Germany into Asia and Africa. Pizza Hut is located in 97 countries, with 100 locations in China.

1340: 2105:"Pre-pregnancy fried food consumption and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study" 5488: 2784: 1778: 1668: 1210:), some international chains started appearing specialized in some of the typical Portuguese fast food such as 1102:

substitute, that the Dutch nevertheless still call "mayonnaise". When ordering it is very often abbreviated to

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The largest McDonald's in the world, with 25,000 feet of play tubes, an arcade and play center, is located in

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has seen rapidly rising popularity recently in the Western world. A form of fast food created in Japan (where

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has been used more frequently in fast food. The UK has adopted fast food from other cultures as well, such as

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Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation. The Dark Side of All American Meals. Mariner Books. New York. 2012. Print.

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spent nearly three times as much on advertising as all water, milk, and produce advertisers spent combined.

1094:(called friet or patat) with a sauce and a meat product. The most common sauce to accompany french fries is 7825: 7319: 7205: 5751: 2815: 2972: 1223:, a deep-fried yeast dough stuffed with meat or vegetarian filling, typical fast food dish of the city of 7835: 7513: 7349: 7334: 7271: 7169: 6800: 544: 3607: 3201:

Cameron Allan; Greg J. Bamber; Nils Timo (September 1, 2006). "Fast-food work: are McJobs satisfying?".

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Laudan, Rachel (2001). "A Plea for Culinary Modernism: Why We Should Love New, Fast, Processed Food".

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alone, has outlets in 126 countries on 6 continents and operates over 31,000 restaurants worldwide.

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are fast-food chains or restaurants with minimal seating. By comparison, only 16% of those on the

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is the Japanese variety of fast food), sushi is normally cold sticky rice flavored with a sweet

881:" to engage prospective customers. In some cases, this can garner more attention than the food. 7850: 7845: 7344: 7195: 7082: 6995: 6626: 5808: 5528: 5376: 5306: 5296: 5249: 5212: 5207: 5145: 5093: 4133:". The Future of Children Volume 16, Number 1, Spring 2006 pp. 89–108 | 10.1353/foc.2006.0009. 2889:"A New Method to Monitor the Contribution of Fast Food Restaurants to the Diets of US Children" 1628: 1556: 1351: 1344: 225: 7779: 7698: 7294: 7284: 7200: 7097: 6985: 6651: 6606: 6322: 6312: 6176: 6042: 5977: 5937: 5731: 5301: 5234: 5098: 3538: 3336: 2616: 2608: 1071: 849:

Traditional street food is available around the world, usually through small and independent

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Shanthy A. Bowman, Steven L. Gortmaker, Cara B. Ebbeling, Mark A. Pereira, David S. Ludwig.

2816:"Higher prices on the menu as fast-food chains brace for California's big minimum wage jump" 1006:

Pizza is a common fast food category in the United States, with nationwide chains including

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Adams, Catherine (2007). "Reframing the Obesity Debate: McDonald's Role May Surprise You".

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Caldwell, Melissa L. "Domesticating the French Fry: McDonald’s and Consumerism in Moscow."

3513: 3358:"Children's Reaction to Depictions of Healthy Foods in Fast-Food Television Advertisements" 2900: 1822: 1773: 1564: 1044:, and is served on a warmed flatbread with salad and a choice of sauce and dressing. These 901: 528: 2582: 2453: 1355: 786:

on the premises in which to prepare them. Petrol Stations in Australia sell foods such as

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Jaworowska, Agnieszka; Blackham, Toni; Davies, Ian G.; Stevenson, Leonard (May 1, 2013).

1604: 1495: 1235:, Bar "Pasztecik" founded in 1969, is located on Wojska Polskiego Avenue 46 in Szczecin. 1195: 1090:

have their own types of fast food. A Dutch fast food meal often consists of a portion of

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Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate from Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources, 81–82

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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is made mostly of products that the government subsidizes heavily: corn, soy, and beef.

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first franchised the restaurant concept in the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus,

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food designed for commercial resale, with a strong priority placed on speed of service.

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operating from a cart, table, portable grill or motor vehicle. Common examples include

628: 447: 410: 378: 241: 224:, sugar, salt and calories. Fast-food consumption has been linked to increased risk of 136: 3939: 2179: 1164: 7794: 7742: 7571: 7445: 7309: 7210: 7174: 7144: 6893: 6825: 6815: 6810: 6763: 6758: 6748: 6711: 6641: 6554: 6474: 6464: 6404: 6384: 6359: 6342: 6235: 6206: 6124: 6119: 6109: 6084: 6032: 6017: 5967: 5902: 5897: 5882: 5766: 5669: 5664: 5632: 5627: 5595: 5575: 5570: 5560: 5555: 5498: 5478: 5453: 5418: 5361: 5239: 5202: 5138: 4943: 4693: 4663: 4659: 4624: 4616: 4573: 4488: 4438: 4375: 4300: 4262: 4124:

The Role of Built Environments in Physical Activity, Eating, and Obesity in Childhood

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or store with frozen, preheated or precooked ingredients and served in packaging for

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Freeman, Andrea (December 6, 2007). "Fast Food: Oppression through Poor Nutrition".

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Pollan, M. (2009). In Defense of Food: an Eater's Manifesto. New York City: Penguin

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Martha Carlin and Joel T. Rosenthal (editors). The Hambledon Press, London. 1998.

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Although trying to overcome criticism through healthy options on fast-food menus,

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Curb service was introduced in the late 1920s and was mobilized in the 1940s when

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in 1921, is generally credited with opening the first fast food outlet and first

566: 443: 370: 172:. In 2018, the fast-food industry was worth an estimated $ 570 billion globally. 153: 7659: 7159: 4484: 217:

have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations.

7518: 7455: 7424: 7384: 7154: 7057: 7005: 6990: 6913: 6908: 6845: 6743: 6676: 6646: 6636: 6569: 6514: 6504: 6459: 6364: 6307: 6277: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6114: 6079: 6069: 6022: 5972: 5932: 5912: 5907: 5850: 5835: 5793: 5771: 5694: 5657: 5331: 5291: 5261: 4987: 4962: 4612: 4228: 4176: 2558:"Harry Ramsden's famous original fish and chip shop faces closure after losses" 1783: 1753: 1682: 1634: 1548: 1538: 1507: 1023: 1007: 878: 850: 824: 783: 700: 488: 424: 414: 3480: 3306:"Report: Rise in fast-food advertising largely targets Black, Hispanic youths" 3214: 2121: 1056:

served on sticks. Kebab shops are also found throughout the world, especially

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Fast food advertising: Billions in spending, continued high exposure by youth

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The intake of fast food is increasing worldwide. A study done in the city of

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in the mid-nineteenth century led to the development of a British favourite,

245: 221: 198: 180: 132: 4181:"The McLawsuit: The Fast-Food Industry and Legal Accountability for Obesity" 4043: 2232: 1118:. Sometimes the fries are served with combinations of sauces, most famously 778:, and hot food. Many gas stations in the United States and Europe also sell 280:

to bring home to their family, for example, or an hourly laborer on a short

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There are numerous other fast food restaurants located all over the world.

1302: 1111: 1091: 972: 950: 858: 720: 484: 338: 289: 188: 120: 112: 82: 42: 4780: 4247: 3830: 2840:"Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system" 2838:

Monteiro, C.A.; Moubarac, J.-C.; Cannon, G.; Ng, S.W.; Popkin, B. (2013).

2286:"Nutritional challenges and health implications of takeaway and fast food" 1060:, New Zealand and Australia but they generally are less common in the US. 93: 33: 7732: 7617: 7249: 7042: 6282: 5103: 5022: 5012: 4992: 4869: 4119: 2528: 1725: 1596: 1305:

to fast casual dining restaurants, which offer more robust and expensive

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In the cities of Roman antiquity, much of the urban population living in

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Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time

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Selling 'em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food

4011: 3507:"Our Life Policy Research Notes on takeaways – The UK fast-food market" 3418:"It's Harder To Get A Job At McDonald's Than It Is To Get Into Harvard" 2304: 1958:

Fast Food, Fast Track: Immigrants, Big Business, and the American Dream

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has 278 restaurants located in 14 countries besides the United States.

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through advertising options and therefore create customers for life.

1616: 1560: 1280: 1267: 1247: 1239: 1187: 1142: 1131: 1075: 1019: 987:) with filling. The filling often includes fish, seafood, chicken or 744: 712: 688:

food from their homes through their smartphone apps in recent times.

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Caloric Intake from Fast Food Among Adults: United States, 2007–2010

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Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health

4003: 3200: 3061:"Where to Eat? A New Restaurant Genre Offers Manhattan More Choices" 2399:

Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives

1227:

well known in many other cities in the country. A dish is on Polish

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are a form of fast food restaurant from the Middle East, especially

585:

was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors.

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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

2674:

Honk for Service, a Man, a Tray, and the Glory Days of the Drive-in

2164:"Exporting Diabetes to Asia: The Impact of Western-Style Fast Food" 2043:"Susan Cohan Colon Cancer Foundation: Prevention: Eating Well/Diet" 1263: 1259: 1224: 1199: 1175: 1079: 1049: 988: 842: 775: 704: 480: 451: 165: 4728:

Honk for Service: A Man, A Tray and the Glory Days of the Drive-In

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fast food restaurant chain opened its first fish and chip shop in

256: 7546: 7244: 7164: 5161: 5062: 5037: 5007: 4329: 3453: 2283: 1608: 1306: 1251: 1138: 1107: 1037: 854: 819: 740: 692: 672: 597: 476: 472: 394: 355: 350: 307: 233: 128: 3272:"More Research Suggests Fast-Food Advertising Works on Children" 2726:

Smith, Lindsey P.; Ng, Shu Wen; Popkin, Barry M. (May 1, 2014).

857:

rice soup vendors, Middle Eastern falafel stands, New York City

7690: 5077: 4967: 4768: 1733: 1644: 1582: 1289: 1243: 1203: 1146: 1057: 1033: 1015: 999: 604: 570: 436: 398: 359: 342: 322: 313: 277: 262: 140: 4790: 2013:"The link between fast food and depression has been confirmed" 747:, though many fast food restaurants offer "slower" foods like 7721: 7556: 6978: 5057: 5052: 5042: 4933: 4864: 4544:"Fast Food Consumption and Academic Growth in Late Childhood" 3603: 3356:

Bernhardt, Amy M.; Wilking, Cara; Gottlieb, Mark (May 2014).

1899:

Texts Under Negotiation: The Bible and Postmodern Imagination

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has more than 11,100 restaurants in more than 65 countries.

7590: 7561: 7234: 5130: 5072: 3786: 980: 942: 938: 808: 732: 708: 578: 511: 406: 169: 102: 4080:"Environmental Influences on Eating and Physical Activity" 979:), or, as in the most popular kind in the West, rolled in 7583: 3682: 3656: 1600: 1390: 1122:(special): mayonnaise, with (spiced) ketchup and chopped 787: 524: 330: 4741:

Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal

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Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal

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Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal

2837: 2701:"BLS.gov: Food and Beverage Serving and Related Workers" 627:. However, some areas are more affected than others. In 515:

Neighboring fast food restaurant advertisement signs in

4343: 3033:. National Restaurant Association. 2013. Archived from 2162:

Pan, An; Malik, Vasanti; Hu, Frank B. (July 10, 2012).

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There have been books and films, such as the 2004 film

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or tidal waters, 'fast food' frequently included local

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The Ethics of What We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter

3629: 2973:"Fast Food Industry Analysis 2015 – Cost & Trends" 1844:"Fast Food Industry Analysis 2018 – Cost & Trends" 377:

in Oldham, England commemorating the 1860s origins of

111:

Examples of fast food (left to right, top to bottom):

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Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age

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fast food advert on a bus stop in the United Kingdom.

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An example of a local form of fast food in Poland is

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supported numerous vendors that sold dishes such as

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Roadside Empires: How the Chains Franchised America

2671: 2098: 4391: 4389: 4318:Study finds deregulation fuelling obesity epidemic 3654: 2999: 2416:. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 81–82. 2371: 2221:Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies 1896: 1874: 16:Food prepared and served in a small amount of time 3169: 3089: 2099:Bao, Wei; Tobias, Deirdre K.; Olsen, Sjurdur F.; 797: 699:. Common menu items at fast food outlets include 565:, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in 471:. The content of fast food pies has varied, with 7812: 4796:– publication that covers the fast food industry 3449:"Trying to raise a family on a fast-food salary" 2665: 405:. Often this seafood was cooked directly on the 160:is a commercial term, limited to food sold in a 4541: 4386: 2647:"The Evolution of the Quick Service Restaurant" 2426: 631:, for example, about 45% of the restaurants in 4755:Salads or No, Cheap Burgers Revive McDonald's. 4337: 2886: 2831: 2807: 1110:or spiced ketchup ("curry"), Indonesian style 260:Pulling wheat dough into thin strands to form 7706: 5146: 4825: 3265: 3263: 3135:"Commodity Policy and Agricultural Subsidies" 2782: 2725: 1980: 1106:(literally "with"). Other popular sauces are 553:became popular and more affordable following 4706:. New York: New York University Press, 1997. 4437:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 4424: 4212:Vol. 113 No. January 1, 1, 2004 pp. 112–118 3269: 3238:"Fast Food FACTS — Fast Food Facts in Brief" 2991: 2640: 2638: 2074:"Red meat and colon cancer – Harvard Health" 1506:. There might be a discussion about this on 945:. In some cases, the food is presented as a 539:sign can be seen in the very far background. 321:, large towns and major urban areas such as 3578:"World's Largest McDonald's in Orlando, FL" 3163: 3058: 2644: 1983:"Definition of Fast Foods | LIVESTRONG.COM" 1894: 1413:and Hispanic youth. A 2021 report from the 300: 7713: 7699: 5153: 5139: 4832: 4818: 4726:McGinley, Lou Ellen with Stephanie Spurr, 4334:February 2, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014. 4031:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 3260: 3052: 2814:Chang, Andrea; Lee, Don (March 27, 2024). 2695: 2693: 2411: 2161: 1354:. Please do not remove this message until 1258:. Popular Indian fast food dishes include 592:, which franchised its distinctive syrup. 4785:Fast food in the United States and Canada 4711:Grinding It Out: The Making of McDonald's 4567: 4369: 4256: 4246: 4095: 4042: 3839: 3829: 2997: 2922: 2912: 2887:Rehm, Colin D.; Drewnowski, Adam (2014). 2855: 2759: 2635: 2526: 2195: 2138: 2120: 1526:Learn how and when to remove this message 1415:Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity 1374:Learn how and when to remove this message 545:Fast food restaurant § North America 4601:Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 4542:Purtell, K. M.; Gershoff, E. T. (2014). 4187:. November 2003. vol. 22 no. 6 207–216. 3567:4.1 (2004): 5–26. Web. January 30, 2017. 2813: 2580: 2574: 2071: 1547: 1537: 1385: 1350:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1202:(turkey or pork meat on two sticks) and 1163: 1155: 1065: 993: 955: 924: 888: 818: 807: 655: 510: 419: 369: 255: 3862: 3811: 2690: 2529:"The unlikely origin of fish and chips" 2479: 2477: 2475: 2431:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 27–51. 1190:grilled chicken previously marinated), 614:The United States has the largest fast 197:are traditionally distinguished by the 7813: 4746:Schultz, Howard with Dori Jones Yang, 4430: 4396:Clark, Charles S. (November 8, 1991). 4179:, Eric B. Rimm and David M. Studdert. 4077: 4024: 3937: 3889: 3657:"Official SUBWAY Restaurants Web Site" 3648: 3636:from the original on February 24, 2011 3235: 3170:Parker-Pope, Tara (December 5, 2007). 3098: 2953:from the original on December 18, 2012 2795:from the original on December 29, 2013 2527:Alexander, James (December 18, 2009). 2356: 2338:from the original on September 8, 2021 2265:from the original on December 29, 2015 2218: 1955: 1836: 1098:. It is a sweet, vinegary and low fat 588:Franchising was introduced in 1921 by 561:were introduced. The American company 7694: 7340:Historical North Indian and Pakistani 5134: 4813: 4645: 4451:from the original on November 8, 2023 4395: 4350:The American Journal of Public Health 3989: 3689:from the original on October 19, 2000 3663:from the original on October 19, 2000 3545:from the original on October 12, 2007 3446: 3286:from the original on February 6, 2017 3270:Dell’Antonia, KJ (October 30, 2015). 2589:from the original on December 6, 2007 2396: 1872: 1789:National Center for Health Statistics 1404:A study done by researchers from the 900:Modern commercial fast food is often 191:fresh, before assembling "to order". 7645: 4757:" The New York Times April 19, 2006. 4503:– via Elsevier Science Direct. 3958:from the original on October 4, 2013 3812:Jeffery, Robert (January 25, 2006). 3709:"Wienerwald – Türkiye – Restoranlar" 3487:from the original on August 30, 2019 3447:Owens, Christine (August 29, 2013). 3182:from the original on August 21, 2014 2783:Tami Abdollah (September 10, 2007). 2539:from the original on August 26, 2017 2472: 2255:"Ancient Romans preferred fast food" 1937:from the original on August 26, 2021 1478: 1429: 1324: 1270:. In the French-speaking nations of 975:and served with some topping (often 7665: 4800:A copy of the Caesar Barber lawsuit 4690:Food and Eating in Medieval Europe. 4648:Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 4097:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.309 4059:from the original on March 27, 2017 3793:from the original on April 11, 2017 3735:"WIENERWALD – Restaurants in Egypt" 3610:from the original on April 15, 1997 3584:from the original on March 18, 2016 3398:from the original on April 19, 2017 3073:from the original on April 17, 2009 2979:from the original on March 17, 2015 2707:from the original on March 11, 2015 2649:. A Management Consultant @ Large. 2601: 2451: 2445: 2401:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2023:from the original on April 23, 2018 1850:. Franchise Help. 2018. p. 1. 1769:List of fast food restaurant chains 1284:(not to be confused with the bread 812:Street vendor serving fast food in 762: 271:Fast-food restaurant § History 220:Many fast foods tend to be high in 13: 4639: 3316:from the original on June 17, 2021 3099:Kiener, Robert (October 3, 2014). 2460:from the original on March 7, 2008 2429:Food and Eating in Medieval Europe 1993:from the original on March 2, 2022 1933:(Press release). August 18, 2021. 1881:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 1854:from the original on July 16, 2019 1669:market unhealthy foods to children 869:for point point) are a feature of 14: 7862: 4761: 4412:from the original on May 15, 2023 3980:. Harper Collins Publishers. 2001 3428:from the original on May 18, 2015 3248:from the original on May 12, 2017 3115:from the original on May 15, 2023 2732:American Journal of Public Health 2653:from the original on May 11, 2008 2508:from the original on June 8, 2023 2361:. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 181. 2180:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.115923 365: 7720: 7674: 7664: 7654: 7644: 7635: 7634: 7623: 7611: 5115: 5048:Peanut butter and jelly sandwich 4779: 4767: 4743:, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001 4709:Kroc, Ray with Robert Anderson. 4686:" Business Week February 4, 2007 4660:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00120.x 3904:10.1111/j.1467-8594.2008.00322.x 3059:John Eligon (January 13, 2008). 2376:. JHU Press. pp. 200, 209. 1732: 1718: 1483: 1474: 1434: 1329: 929:Many types of sushi ready to eat 506: 409:or close by. The development of 101: 92: 81: 72: 61: 52: 41: 32: 7675: 4592: 4535: 4526: 4516: 4507: 4463: 4311: 4273: 4222: 4198: 4170: 4146: 4112: 4071: 4018: 3983: 3970: 3931: 3918: 3883: 3856: 3805: 3779: 3753: 3727: 3701: 3675: 3622: 3596: 3570: 3557: 3531: 3499: 3473: 3440: 3410: 3376:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.140 3349: 3328: 3298: 3229: 3194: 3172:"A High Price for Healthy Food" 3127: 3020: 2965: 2939: 2880: 2776: 2719: 2583:"How turkey became a fast food" 2551: 2520: 2498:"The History of Fish and Chips" 2490: 2420: 2405: 2390: 2365: 2350: 2277: 2247: 2212: 2155: 1114:("satésaus" or "pindasaus") or 483:commonly being used. Since the 7330:Historical Indian subcontinent 4084:Annual Review of Public Health 4025:Duffey, Kiyah (January 2007). 3928:. Holtzbrink Publishers. 2006. 2785:"A strict order for fast food" 2092: 2072:Publications, Harvard Health. 2065: 2035: 2005: 1974: 1949: 1917: 1866: 1779:List of restaurant terminology 1320: 798:Street vendors and concessions 774:sell pre-packaged sandwiches, 417:, and the first shop in 1860. 1: 4839: 2581:BBC News (February 7, 2007). 1829: 1563:fast food restaurants in the 1425: 242:insulin resistance conditions 5160: 4787:travel guide from Wikivoyage 4297:10.1016/j.nutres.2010.07.002 3481:"Fast Food Job Applications" 2914:10.1371/journal.pone.0103543 2672:Mcginley, Lou Ellen (2004). 1895:Brueggemann, Walter (1993). 1622: 1603:is located in 25 countries. 1254:are today ubiquitous in the 1229:List of traditional products 645: 362:, were among the customers. 213:operations that are part of 7: 7514:List of historical cuisines 7350:History of alcoholic drinks 5367:Lowcountry (South Carolina) 4713:. St. Martin's Press, 1992. 4485:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.016 4078:French, Simone (May 2001). 3924:Singer, Peter; Mason, Jim. 3892:Business and Society Review 3655:Subway publication (2008). 3565:Journal of Consumer Culture 2571:. Retrieved January 6, 2018 2372:Stambaugh, John E. (1988). 1711: 1356:conditions to do so are met 1317:of the retail food market. 1295: 1160:Fast-food place in Portugal 920: 201:. Outlets may be stands or 10: 7867: 6801:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 4732:Drive-In Restaurant Photos 4613:10.1016/j.orcp.2008.03.004 4216:December 14, 2012, at the 4164:December 26, 2016, at the 3006:. Houghton Mifflin Books. 2397:Chang, Kwang-chih (1977). 2359:Daily Life in Ancient Rome 1981:Hellesvig-Gaskell, Karen. 1632: 1626: 1288:of the same name found in 884: 801: 649: 542: 381:and the fast food industry 268: 251: 21:Fast food (disambiguation) 18: 7728: 7606: 7534: 7501: 7438: 7270: 7183: 6864: 5317: 5168: 5112: 5086: 4926: 4890: 4847: 4723:. New York: Viking, 1985. 3242:www.fastfoodmarketing.org 3215:10.1108/01425450610683627 3155:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2357:Dupont, Florence (1992). 2122:10.1007/s00125-014-3382-x 2047:coloncancerfoundation.org 1956:Talwar, Jennifer (2003). 1649:World Health Organization 1469:Human Resource Management 1443:This section needs to be 1406:Geisel School of Medicine 633:South Central Los Angeles 207:quick-service restaurants 7420:Scottish royal household 7365:History of vegetarianism 5603:Central African Republic 4560:10.1177/0009922814561742 4362:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302368 4323:August 14, 2021, at the 4191:August 28, 2014, at the 4129:January 1, 2019, at the 2998:Schlosser, Eric (2001). 2744:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301677 2676:. Tray Days Publishing. 2563:January 7, 2018, at the 2427:Carling, Martha (2003). 1635:Fast-food worker strikes 1231:. The first bar serving 1168:A small restaurant with 1078:fast food restaurant in 1040:. Meat is shaven from a 457:Guinness Book of Records 385:In areas with access to 301:Pre-industrial Old World 4431:Nestle, Marion (2002). 3539:"The Fast Food Factory" 2487:. Random House. p. 397. 2452:BBC (August 31, 2006). 2412:Le Strange, G. (1924). 2233:10.1525/gfc.2001.1.1.36 1134:(a deep fried skinless 823:Fastfood restaurant in 517:Bowling Green, Kentucky 7841:Restaurant terminology 7345:History of agriculture 5094:Criticism of fast food 4140:March 4, 2016, at the 3659:. Subway Restaurants. 3342:June 17, 2021, at the 2374:The Ancient Roman City 1629:Criticism of fast food 1567: 1557:Kentucky Fried Chicken 1545: 1394: 1179: 1161: 1083: 1003: 961: 930: 897: 846: 816: 679:Fast food outlets are 676: 669:Rock N Roll McDonald's 639:are such restaurants. 540: 428: 382: 266: 226:cardiovascular disease 7780:Instant gratification 7315:Early modern European 7043:Indigenous Australian 6602:São Tomé and Príncipe 5489:Bosnian-Herzegovinian 5099:Fast food advertising 4044:10.1093/ajcn/85.1.201 3865:California Law Review 3831:10.1186/1479-5868-3-2 3101:"Food Policy Debates" 3028:"NRA Pocket Factbook" 2703:. December 17, 2015. 2609:National Public Radio 2483:Webb, Andrew (2011). 1633:Further information: 1551: 1541: 1389: 1233:pasztecik szczeciński 1220:pasztecik szczeciński 1171:pasztecik szczeciński 1167: 1159: 1069: 998:A fast-food kiosk in 997: 959: 928: 907:processed ingredients 892: 865:. Turo-Turo vendors ( 822: 811: 659: 514: 423: 373: 259: 195:Fast-food restaurants 7790:Planned obsolescence 7768:Online food ordering 7478:Molecular gastronomy 7410:Pre-contact Hawaiian 7320:Historical Argentine 7206:Mangalorean Catholic 5387:Pacific Northwestern 5122:Companies portal 4898:Fast food restaurant 4776:at Wikimedia Commons 4398:"Fast-Food Shake-Up" 3741:on February 21, 2020 2623:on December 22, 2007 2103:(December 1, 2014). 2080:on December 22, 2016 1873:Jakle, John (1999). 1823:Western pattern diet 1774:List of pizza chains 1652:geographical areas. 1565:United Arab Emirates 1543:McDonald's in Russia 1496:confusing or unclear 902:ultra-processed food 770:located within many 695:, and is eaten as a 559:drive-in restaurants 19:For other uses, see 7826:American inventions 7335:Historical Japanese 7170:Transylvanian Saxon 7038:Indigenous American 5028:Macaroni and cheese 4548:Clinical Pediatrics 4248:10.1155/2012/597924 3944:. New York review. 3767:on February 8, 2010 3519:on January 14, 2013 2905:2014PLoSO...9j3543R 2053:on October 18, 2016 1504:clarify the section 1343:of this section is 1196:francesinha poveira 772:petrol/gas stations 469:deep-fried Mars bar 379:fish and chip shops 7836:English inventions 7800:Throw-away society 7415:Korean royal court 7360:History of seafood 7325:Historical Chinese 7300:Antebellum America 7140:Pennsylvania Dutch 5752:Equatorial Guinean 5722:Dominican Republic 4939:Breakfast sandwich 4285:Nutrition Research 4235:Journal of Obesity 3938:Singer, P (1975). 3461:on August 31, 2013 3424:. April 28, 2011. 3280:The New York Times 3236:University, Yale. 3203:Employee Relations 3176:The New York Times 3066:The New York Times 2454:"Eel and pie shop" 2305:10.1111/nure.12031 1960:. Westview Press. 1903:. Fortress Press. 1749:Fast food in China 1568: 1546: 1395: 1180: 1162: 1084: 1052:are distinct from 1004: 962: 931: 898: 847: 817: 790:, sandwiches, and 768:Convenience stores 677: 629:Los Angeles County 541: 429: 401:or, as in London, 383: 354:Travelers such as 267: 137:submarine sandwich 7831:Convenience foods 7808: 7807: 7795:Same-day delivery 7743:Convenience store 7688: 7687: 7430:Thirteen Colonies 7290:Ancient Israelite 6490:Papua New Guinean 5288:Intercontinental 5128: 5127: 4944:Breakfast sausage 4772:Media related to 4753:Warner, Melanie " 4739:Schlosser, Eric, 4719:Luxenberg, Stan. 4682:Arndt, Michael. " 4160:. April 10, 2013 4118:James F. Sallis, 3976:Schlosser, Eric. 3951:978-0-394-40096-9 3941:Animal liberation 3013:978-0-395-97789-7 2857:10.1111/obr.12107 2850:(Suppl 2): 21–8. 2821:Los Angeles Times 2789:Los Angeles Times 2683:978-0-615-12697-5 2645:James P Farrell. 2438:978-1-85285-148-4 2383:978-0-8018-3692-3 2293:Nutrition Reviews 2261:. June 19, 2007. 2115:(12): 2485–2491. 1967:978-0-8133-4155-2 1910:978-0-8006-2736-2 1888:978-0-8018-6920-4 1848:franchisehelp.com 1536: 1535: 1528: 1464: 1463: 1410:Dartmouth College 1384: 1383: 1376: 1145:(deep fried meat 833:Prekmurje Slovene 600:and advertising. 590:A&W Root Beer 230:colorectal cancer 215:restaurant chains 7858: 7738:Convenience food 7715: 7708: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7678: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7658: 7648: 7647: 7638: 7637: 7630:Drink portal 7628: 7627: 7626: 7616: 7615: 7596:Meal preparation 7509:List of cuisines 7355:History of bread 7280:Ancient Egyptian 7257:Ritual slaughter 7115:Louisiana Creole 7053:Italian American 6872:African American 5861:Greek Macedonian 5155: 5148: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5120: 5119: 5118: 4855:Convenience food 4834: 4827: 4820: 4811: 4810: 4783: 4771: 4750:, Hyperion, 1999 4684:McDonald's 24/7. 4679: 4633: 4632: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4571: 4539: 4533: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4341: 4335: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4281:A. Washi, Sidiga 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4250: 4226: 4220: 4202: 4196: 4174: 4168: 4152:Walshe, Sadhbh. 4150: 4144: 4135:Alternative link 4116: 4110: 4109: 4099: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4046: 4022: 4016: 4015: 3987: 3981: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3935: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3871:(6): 2221–2259. 3860: 3854: 3853: 3843: 3833: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3763:. Archived from 3757: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3746: 3737:. Archived from 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3711:. Archived from 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3626: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3574: 3568: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3512:. Archived from 3511: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3457:. Archived from 3444: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3422:Business Insider 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3353: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3267: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3154: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3040:on March 4, 2016 3039: 3032: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3005: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2926: 2916: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2859: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2763: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2697: 2688: 2687: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2642: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2619:. Archived from 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2578: 2572: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2502:Historic England 2494: 2488: 2481: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2337: 2290: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2199: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2142: 2124: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2076:. Archived from 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2049:. Archived from 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1902: 1892: 1880: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1840: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1728: 1723: 1722: 1697: 1678:Fast Food Nation 1592:, United States 1590:Orlando, Florida 1531: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1487: 1486: 1479: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1379: 1372: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1333: 1332: 1325: 960:Lamb shish kebab 879:street theatrics 763:Filling stations 652:Convenience food 625:inelastic demand 623:, suggesting an 594:Howard Johnson's 485:Second World War 238:high cholesterol 179:outlets such as 125:pizza Margherita 105: 96: 85: 76: 65: 56: 45: 36: 7866: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7856: 7855: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7785:Overconsumption 7724: 7719: 7689: 7684: 7624: 7622: 7618:Food portal 7610: 7602: 7530: 7497: 7434: 7266: 7179: 6887:Arab-Indonesian 6860: 6841:Western Saharan 6313:Liechtensteiner 5878:Guinea-Bissauan 5514:Channel Islands 5402:Southwestern US 5322: 5313: 5164: 5159: 5129: 5124: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5082: 4963:Chicken nuggets 4959:Chicken fingers 4922: 4886: 4843: 4838: 4764: 4642: 4640:Further reading 4637: 4636: 4597: 4593: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4452: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4394: 4387: 4342: 4338: 4325:Wayback Machine 4316: 4312: 4278: 4274: 4227: 4223: 4218:Wayback Machine 4203: 4199: 4193:Wayback Machine 4175: 4171: 4166:Wayback Machine 4151: 4147: 4142:Wayback Machine 4131:Wayback Machine 4117: 4113: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4023: 4019: 4004:10.2307/3097205 3992:Social Problems 3988: 3984: 3975: 3971: 3961: 3959: 3952: 3936: 3932: 3923: 3919: 3888: 3884: 3861: 3857: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3742: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3715:on May 23, 2015 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3653: 3649: 3639: 3637: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3613: 3611: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3576: 3575: 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4885: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4788: 4777: 4763: 4762:External links 4760: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4734: 4724: 4717: 4714: 4707: 4702:Hogan, David. 4700: 4687: 4680: 4654:(1): 154–157. 4641: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4607:(2): 111–117. 4591: 4534: 4525: 4515: 4506: 4462: 4443: 4423: 4385: 4356:(3): 490–496. 4336: 4310: 4272: 4221: 4197: 4185:Health Affairs 4177:Michelle Mello 4169: 4145: 4111: 4070: 4017: 3998:(4): 411–430. 3982: 3969: 3950: 3930: 3917: 3898:(3): 301–328. 3882: 3855: 3804: 3778: 3752: 3726: 3700: 3674: 3647: 3621: 3595: 3569: 3556: 3530: 3498: 3472: 3439: 3409: 3370:(5): 422–426. 3348: 3327: 3297: 3259: 3228: 3209:(5): 402–420. 3193: 3162: 3126: 3088: 3051: 3019: 3012: 2990: 2964: 2938: 2899:(7): e103543. 2879: 2830: 2806: 2775: 2738:(5): 840–846. 2718: 2689: 2682: 2664: 2634: 2600: 2573: 2550: 2519: 2489: 2485:Food Britannia 2471: 2444: 2437: 2419: 2404: 2389: 2382: 2364: 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5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5732:East Timorese 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:Midwestern US 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302:Mediterranean 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5151: 5149: 5144: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5123: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4983:Fried chicken 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4949:Buffalo wings 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927:Select dishes 4925: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4881: 4880:Drive-through 4878: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4830: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4765: 4756: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4699: 4698:1-85285-148-1 4695: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4643: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4554:(9): 871–77. 4553: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4529: 4519: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4450: 4446: 4444:9780520955066 4440: 4436: 4435: 4427: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4402:CQ Researcher 4399: 4392: 4390: 4381: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4291:(8): 527–34. 4290: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3979: 3973: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3934: 3927: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3766: 3762: 3761:"Yum! Brands" 3756: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3651: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3609: 3605: 3604:"Burger King" 3599: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3566: 3560: 3544: 3540: 3534: 3515: 3508: 3502: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3443: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3331: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3264: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3158: 3152: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105:CQ Researcher 3102: 3095: 3093: 3085: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3015: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2810: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2706: 2702: 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Retrieved 3129: 3117:. Retrieved 3108: 3104: 3082: 3077:December 30, 3075:. Retrieved 3064: 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3035:the original 3022: 3001: 2993: 2981:. Retrieved 2967: 2955:. Retrieved 2941: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2825: 2819: 2809: 2799:December 27, 2797:. Retrieved 2788: 2778: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2709:. Retrieved 2673: 2667: 2657:February 14, 2655:. Retrieved 2627:November 23, 2625:. Retrieved 2621:the original 2603: 2593:November 23, 2591:. Retrieved 2576: 2569:The Guardian 2568: 2553: 2541:. Retrieved 2532: 2522: 2510:. Retrieved 2492: 2484: 2464:November 24, 2462:. Retrieved 2447: 2428: 2422: 2413: 2407: 2398: 2392: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2352: 2340:. Retrieved 2296: 2292: 2279: 2267:. Retrieved 2258: 2249: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2171: 2167: 2157: 2112: 2109:Diabetologia 2108: 2094: 2082:. Retrieved 2078:the original 2067: 2055:. Retrieved 2051:the original 2046: 2037: 2025:. Retrieved 2016: 2007: 1995:. Retrieved 1986: 1976: 1957: 1951: 1939:. 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Retrieved 1847: 1838: 1810: 1795:Panic Nation 1793: 1703: 1701: 1693: 1688:The Atlantic 1686: 1676: 1673: 1662: 1654: 1642: 1638: 1594: 1587: 1576: 1569: 1522: 1513: 1502:Please help 1493: 1465: 1452: 1444: 1420: 1403: 1396: 1370: 1361: 1339: 1315: 1311: 1303:market share 1299: 1279: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1207: 1183: 1181: 1169: 1127: 1119: 1112:peanut sauce 1103: 1092:french fries 1085: 1062: 1054:shish kebabs 1046:doner kebabs 1030:Kebab houses 1028: 1026:is offered. 1005: 973:rice vinegar 963: 951:self service 949:, sometimes 932: 915: 899: 893:Fastfood in 875: 848: 835: 828: 780:frozen foods 766: 721:french fries 690: 684: 680: 678: 641: 613: 607:strapped on 602: 587: 583:White Castle 563:White Castle 548: 462: 455: 430: 427:in a wrapper 384: 312: 306: 304: 290:Ancient Rome 274: 261: 219: 206: 193: 189:french fries 174: 170:wage workers 157: 149: 148: 121:french fries 113:Cheeseburger 25: 7733:Consumerism 7670:WikiProject 7250:Kosher food 6632:Singaporean 6622:Seychellois 6597:Sammarinese 6480:Palestinian 6440:New Zealand 6410:Montenegrin 6380:Mauritanian 6375:Marshallese 6187:Piedmontese 6115:Minangkabau 6085:Gorontalese 5866:Heptanesean 5782:Kapampangan 5705:Greenlandic 5581:Cameroonian 5449:Bangladeshi 5439:Azerbaijani 5397:Southern US 5382:New Mexican 5377:New English 5352:Californian 5169:Continental 5104:Food desert 5033:Onion rings 5013:Hot pretzel 4870:Street food 4479:: 100–107. 4408:: 825–848. 4120:Karen Glanz 3787:"Taco Bell" 3771:October 26, 3084:nationwide. 2512:November 4, 2259:ABC Science 2168:Circulation 2017:EurekAlert! 1726:Food portal 1696:controlled. 1597:Burger King 1321:Advertising 1272:West Africa 1256:Middle East 1192:francesinha 1151:breadcrumbs 1149:covered in 1141:), and the 1136:minced meat 1008:Papa John's 985:green laver 947:smörgåsbord 911:deep frying 863:taco trucks 804:Street food 782:, and have 725:onion rings 697:finger food 667:was at the 555:World War I 551:automobiles 497:doner kebab 433:blue plaque 375:Blue plaque 319:Middle Ages 294:consumerism 282:lunch break 185:Burger King 7815:Categories 7493:Vegetarian 7272:Historical 7016:Indonesian 6964:Indonesian 6934:Australian 6856:Zimbabwean 6836:Vietnamese 6831:Venezuelan 6719:Sri Lankan 6687:Cantabrian 6662:Andalusian 6612:Senegalese 6592:Salvadoran 6540:Circassian 6510:Portuguese 6495:Paraguayan 6485:Panamanian 6445:Nicaraguan 6420:Mozambican 6400:Monégasque 6353:Sarawakian 6328:Macedonian 6318:Lithuanian 6182:Neapolitan 6055:Indonesian 6013:Rajasthani 5988:Meghalayan 5963:Jharkhandi 5918:Arunachali 5873:Guatemalan 5804:La Réunion 5737:Ecuadorian 5712:Djiboutian 5459:Belarusian 5429:Australian 5357:Floribbean 4918:Food truck 4913:Food court 4903:Food booth 4865:Snack food 4241:: 597924. 4210:Pediatrics 4090:: 309–35. 3962:October 3, 3186:August 17, 3141:August 18, 2084:August 16, 2057:August 16, 1941:August 26, 1830:References 1759:Food group 1613:Wienerwald 1579:McDonald's 1572:McDonald's 1553:McDonald's 1516:April 2012 1498:to readers 1455:April 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