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63:
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273:. This process requires pressures that may reach 100 millimetres of mercury (3.9 inHg) (13.3 kPa) in humans and 450 millimetres of mercury (18 inHg) (60 kPa) in penguins. The forces required to expel the feces are generated through muscular contractions and a build-up of gases inside the gut, prompting the sphincter to relieve the pressure and release the feces.
281:
After an animal has digested eaten material, the remains of that material are discharged from its body as waste. Although it is lower in energy than the food from which it is derived, feces may retain a large amount of energy, often 50% of that of the original food. This means that of all food eaten,
580:
The reason this analysis is possible at all is due to the digestive system not being entirely efficient, in the sense that not everything that passes through the digestive system is destroyed. Not all of the surviving material is recognizable, but some of it is. Generally, this material is the best
568:
of the people who produced them through the analysis of seeds, small bones, and parasite eggs found inside. Feces may contain information about the person excreting the material as well as information about the material. They also may be analyzed chemically for more in-depth information on the
368:. To maintain nutrients in soil it is therefore important that feces returns to the area from which they came, which is not always the case in human society where food may be transported from rural areas to urban populations and then feces disposed of into a river or sea.
1161:
make olfactory contact with human feces minimal. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined) and, secondarily to anything that causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision.
382:
Depending on the individual and the circumstances, human beings may defecate several times a day, every day, or once every two or three days. Extensive hardening of the feces that interrupts this routine for several days or more is called
2323:
588:. This reaction creates a casing of sugar that preserves the feces from the elements. To extract and analyze the information contained within, researchers generally have to freeze the feces and grind it up into powder for analysis.
425:
At different times in their life, human beings will expel feces of different colors and textures. A stool that passes rapidly through the intestines will look greenish; lack of bilirubin will make the stool look like clay.
545:
stones". They serve a valuable purpose in paleontology because they provide direct evidence of the predation and diet of extinct organisms. Coprolites may range in size from a few millimetres to more than 60 centimetres.
421:
babies expel soft, pale yellowish, and not quite malodorous matter; but once the baby begins to eat, and the body starts expelling bilirubin from dead red blood cells, its matter acquires the familiar brown color.
293:
odors from long distances. Some may specialize in feces, while others may eat other foods. Feces serve not only as a basic food, but also as a supplement to the usual diet of some animals. This process is known as
560:
excavations or surveys. Intact paleofeces of ancient people may be found in caves in arid climates and in other locations with suitable preservation conditions. These are studied to determine the
2600:
1797:
347:. Provided the seed can withstand the pathway through the digestive system, it is not only likely to be far away from the parent plant, but is even provided with its own fertilizer.
2543:
2356:
1157:
in adults. Children under two years typically have no disgust response to it, suggesting it is culturally derived. Disgust toward feces appears to be strongest in cultures where
2215:
2630:
1836:
98:
1109:– horse manure, roadapple (before motor vehicles became common, horse droppings were a big part of the rubbish communities needed to clean off roads)
2272:
2570:
1392:"Catabolic pathway for the production of skatole and indoleacetic acid by the acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and swine manure"
247:
The perceived bad odor of feces has been hypothesized to be a deterrent for humans, as consuming or touching it may result in sickness or infection.
1737:
776:
is also commonly used in medical contexts. Outside of scientific contexts, these terms are less common, with the most common layman's term being
2592:
2464:
1805:
1735:
Dittmar, Heinrich; Drach, Manfred; Vosskamp, Ralf; Trenkel, Martin E.; Gutser, Reinhold; Steffens, Günter (2009). "Fertilizers, 2. Types".
577:
analysis. The success rate of usable DNA extraction is relatively high in paleofeces, making it more reliable than skeletal DNA retrieval.
2535:
704:
in the dog feces helped to relax the fibrous structure of the hide before the final stages of tanning. Dog feces collectors were known as
339:. An advantage for a plant in having fruit is that animals will eat the fruit and unknowingly disperse the seed in doing so. This mode of
2408:
719:
and pandas are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria obtained from eating the feces of their mothers to digest vegetation.
2346:
2119:
581:
indicator archaeologists can use to determine ancient diets, as no other part of the archaeological record is so direct an indicator.
1867:
2382:
2145:
697:. Collected dog feces, known as "pure", "puer", or "pewer", were mixed with water to form a substance known as "bate", because
1889:
Harhangi, HR; Le Roy, M; van Alen, T; Hu, BL; Groen, J; Kartal, B; Tringe, SG; Quan, ZX; Jetten, MS; Op; den Camp, HJ (2012).
1713:
2660:
2301:
The ghost map : the story of London's most terrifying epidemic--and how it changed science, cities, and the modern world
2048:
1354:
821:
2054:
1552:
2207:
1577:
Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno; Gal, Jozsef (2003). "Pressures produced when penguins pooh?calculations on avian defaecation".
343:
is highly successful, as seeds dispersed around the base of a plant are unlikely to succeed and often are subject to heavy
2150:
1954:
2622:
1754:
360:, and play an important role in ecosystems by recycling organic matter back into a simpler form that plants and other
2309:
1828:
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is also in common use, although it is widely considered vulgar or offensive. There are many other terms, see below.
298:, and occurs in various animal species such as young elephants eating the feces of their mothers to gain essential
1891:"Hydrazine synthase, a unique phylomarker with which to study the presence and biodiversity of anammox bacteria"
2170:
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The appearance of human fecal matter varies according to diet and health. Normally it is semisolid, with a
17:
909:
2729:
2437:
2405:"Feces definition – Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms"
2244:
1311:
2697:
2460:
2171:"Composition and properties of Indonesian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Ethiopian civet coffee"
1774:
2249:
1457:"Microbial metabolites of tryptophan in the intestinal tract with special reference to skatole"
2404:
1629:
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502:
175:
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1991:
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475:
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159:
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1859:
538:
8:
1647:
626:, or civet coffee, is coffee made from coffee beans that have been eaten and excreted by
236:-containing compounds), as well as amines and carboxylic acids. Skatole is produced from
38:
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1995:
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The feces of animals often have special names (some of them are slang), for example:
741:
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585:
2105:
1614:
756:
2536:"Yes, poop is gross. But that's not the only reason for its shameful social stigma"
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2009:
1999:
1918:
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314:
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2208:"Elephant Dung Coffee: World's Most Expensive Brew Is Made With Pooped-Out Beans"
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950:
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403:
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125:
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1706:"Everybody poops. But here are 9 surprising facts about feces you may not know"
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A process that preserves feces in a way that they may be analyzed later is the
418:
344:
340:
318:
290:
1978:"A Molecular Analysis of Dietary Diversity for Three Archaic Native Americans"
1946:
1598:
1390:
Whitehead, T. R.; Price, N. P.; Drake, H. L.; Cotta, M. A. (25 January 2008).
838:"Feces" is used more in biology and medicine than in other fields (reflecting
501:
possess gut bacteria capable of producing biofuel. The bacterium in question,
439:
2718:
2593:"The Oral History Of The Poop Emoji (Or, How Google Brought Poop To America)"
1746:
1645:
Heinrich B, Bartholomew GA (1979). "The ecology of the
African dung beetle".
1606:
1423:
1212:
1090:
921:
694:
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they give evidence about the diet of an animal. They were first described by
2319:
2120:"Your Home Technical Manual – 3.4d Construction Systems – Mud Brick (Adobe)"
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1456:
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2004:
1932:
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1513:
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1158:
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712:
676:
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530:
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384:
112:) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the
282:
a significant amount of energy remains for the decomposers of ecosystems.
205:
30:
This article is about feces in general. For specifically human feces, see
2299:
1914:
1482:
1415:
1379:(Seventh ed.). Basle, Switzerland: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd. pp. 657–660.
1306:
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171:
31:
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2238:
1044:(individual) – droppings (also include urine as white crystals of
620:) huts, or even in throwing sports, especially with cow and camel dung.
285:
Many organisms feed on feces, from bacteria to fungi to insects such as
196:
is the principal compound responsible for the unpleasant smell of feces.
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1291:
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522:
458:
270:
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237:
151:
144:
2351:
2076:
Stokstad, Erik (28 July 2000). "Divining Diet and
Disease From DNA".
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183:
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129:
85:
2653:
Poop
Culture: How America Is Shaped by Its Grossest National Product
808:
596:
189:
37:"Fecal matter" redirects here. For the American punk rock band, see
1256:
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1009:
886:
723:
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410:
352:
210:
117:
81:
1345:(Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. p.
1118:
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1154:
1086:
1051:
1036:
839:
690:
310:
225:
193:
889:, to diagnose the presence or absence of a medical condition, a
1498:"Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease"
1281:
1276:
1215:, and is commonly an interest of young children and teenagers.
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871:
745:
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may absorb once again. This cycling of matter is known as the
1829:"Cars Could Run on Recycled Newspaper, Tulane Scientists Say"
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653:
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498:
483:
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332:
229:
179:
2431:
413:, the first stool expelled, a newborn's feces contains only
1982:
1734:
1041:
1019:
1014:
Individual droppings – cow pats, meadow muffins, etc.
930:
833:
786:
414:
395:
328:
262:
221:
136:
71:
45:
900:(with each movement a defecation event) is also common in
302:, or by other animals such as dogs, rabbits, and monkeys.
1631:
Biology, 8th
Edition, Campbell & Reece, 2008: Biology
1055:
682:
574:
2433:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2040:
1888:
1389:
132:, and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut.
1770:
1153:
In all human cultures, feces elicit varying degrees of
1337:
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987).
1100:(usually mixed with animal bedding and urine) –
2429:
2273:"Rohm and Haas Innovation - The Leather Breakthrough"
1572:
1570:
820:; out of various major dictionaries, only one enters
671:, which is among the world's most expensive coffees.
1222:
866:
normally are used to refer to non-human animal feces
1644:
1621:
1545:Langley, Leroy Lester; Cheraskin, Emmanuel (1958).
1538:
1336:
1022:(and formerly other quarry animals) – fewmets
537:in 1829. Prior to this, they were known as "fossil
2458:
2237:
1567:
1338:
640:provide fertilizer for the world's most expensive
1976:Poinar, Hendrik N.; et al. (10 April 2001).
1495:
667:are used to digest coffee beans in order to make
350:Organisms that subsist on dead organic matter or
2716:
2275:. Rohmhaas.com. 1 September 1909. Archived from
1860:"Bacteria Eat Human Sewage, Produce Rocket Fuel"
1627:
1544:
1947:"Definition of coprolite | Dictionary.com"
1576:
1454:
816:, there is no singular form, making the word a
2236:
1738:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1628:Cummings, Benjamin; Campbell, Neil A. (2008).
772:is the scientific terminology, while the term
2488:"Coprophagy in nineteenth-century psychiatry"
1798:"Panda Poop Might Help Turn Plants Into Fuel"
1697:
1122:Sign ordering owners to clean up after pets,
679:is a brand of paper made from elephant dung.
675:is also made from elephant dung in Thailand.
124:. Feces contain a relatively small amount of
27:Solid or semisolid remains of undigested food
2344:
1851:
1789:
893:sometimes is requested for testing purposes.
512:
505:, can be used to synthesize the rocket fuel
331:also may be found in feces. Animals who eat
1374:
158:in agriculture. They can also be burned as
2345:Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (19 March 2015).
1461:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1332:
1330:
1328:
812:meaning "dregs". In most English-language
2511:
2347:"Cow dung, urine can cure cancer: BJP MP"
2205:
2201:
2199:
2030:
2013:
2003:
1922:
1703:
1521:
1472:
1431:
730:are major ingredients of the traditional
2075:
1857:
1795:
1496:Curtis V, Aunger R, Rabie T (May 2004).
1455:Yokoyama, M. T.; Carlson, J. R. (1979).
1375:Diem, K.; Lentner, C. (1970). "Faeces".
1129:
1117:
971:
755:
595:
309:light, are important to raptors such as
204:
188:
2650:
2492:Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
2297:
2168:
1827:Ray, Kathryn Hobgood (25 August 2011).
1820:
1325:
850:In hunting and tracking, terms such as
490:, is burned as fuel in many countries.
429:
417:, which gives it a yellow-green color.
406:, gives feces the typical brown color.
14:
2717:
2620:
2440:from the original on 25 September 2015
2196:
1975:
1396:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1370:
1368:
1366:
1142:
1113:
608:Animal dung occasionally is used as a
2485:
2467:from the original on 19 February 2012
2459:Steven Dowshen, MD (September 2011).
2411:from the original on 11 November 2013
2218:from the original on 3 September 2017
2036:
1796:Handwerk, Brian (11 September 2013).
1716:from the original on 17 November 2019
1704:Stromberg, Joseph (22 January 2015).
1634:(8th ed.). Pearson. p. 890.
170:uses have been found. In the case of
128:products such as bacterially altered
105:
2633:from the original on 30 October 2016
2486:Moore, Alison M. (8 November 2018).
2258:participating institution membership
1957:from the original on 9 November 2020
1341:Principles of anatomy and physiology
908:There are many synonyms in informal
842:'s tradition of classical Latin and
648:, tea is made from the droppings of
569:individual who excreted them, using
2564:
2423:
2359:from the original on 1 October 2019
2151:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1858:Handwerk, Brian (9 November 2005).
1826:
1363:
983:
912:for feces, just like there are for
24:
2573:from the original on 31 March 2019
2385:from the original on 11 March 2019
2057:from the original on 1 August 2020
1870:from the original on 13 March 2020
1777:from the original on 13 March 2021
1669:10.1038/scientificamerican1179-146
1555:from the original on 1 August 2020
1093:(feces extruded at ground surface)
934:), whereas most belong chiefly to
317:and thus find their prey by their
216:contributes to the smell of feces.
200:
25:
2741:
2673:
2603:from the original on 3 April 2018
2567:"Why do humans hate poo so much?"
2546:from the original on 31 July 2020
2326:from the original on 4 March 2022
1839:from the original on 4 March 2022
881:is a common term in reference to
261:Feces are discharged through the
135:Feces are discharged through the
2680:
2393:– via The Free Dictionary.
1225:
70:
61:
2644:
2614:
2585:
2558:
2528:
2479:
2452:
2407:. Medterms.com. 19 March 2012.
2397:
2371:
2338:
2291:
2265:
2230:
2162:
2138:
2112:
2069:
1969:
1939:
1882:
1763:
1728:
1675:
1165:
822:variation from plural agreement
305:Feces and urine, which reflect
2655:. United States: Feral House.
2623:"America Needs its own Emojis"
2621:Darlin, Damon (7 March 2015),
2461:"Stool Test: Bacteria Culture"
1878:– via wildsingapore.com.
1638:
1489:
1448:
1383:
1058:(large accumulations) –
998:Individually – droppings
751:
371:
182:and feces together are called
116:, and has been broken down by
13:
1:
2504:10.1080/16512235.2018.1535737
2436:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2304:. New York: Riverhead Books.
2206:Topper, R (15 October 2012).
2190:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.05.008
1318:
995:As bulk material – dung
591:
525:feces and is classified as a
444:
250:
2090:10.1126/science.289.5479.530
793:
7:
2430:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2178:Food Research International
2043:. Oxford University Press.
1685:. City of Manhattan, Kansas
1218:
827:
449:The feces of animals, e.g.
10:
2746:
2037:Feder, Kenneth L. (2008).
1146:
869:In husbandry and farming,
831:
744:stated that they can cure
632:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
468:
433:
394:coating. A combination of
375:
276:
254:
43:
36:
29:
2245:Oxford English Dictionary
1599:10.1007/s00300-003-0563-3
1312:Zooplankton fecal pellets
556:, often found as part of
513:Coprolites and paleofeces
464:
2298:Johnson, Steven (2006).
2146:"Dung Throwing contests"
1895:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
1864:National Geographic News
1747:10.1002/14356007.n10_n01
1206:
765:consuming bird droppings
402:, which comes from dead
44:Not to be confused with
2250:Oxford University Press
1741:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
600:A pet waste station in
440:Human feces § Uses
240:via indoleacetic acid.
174:, fecal transplants or
2651:Praeger, Dave (2007).
2005:10.1073/pnas.061014798
1514:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0144
1211:Poop is the center of
1139:
1127:
1008:Bulk material –
980:
766:
685:feces was used in the
605:
217:
197:
162:or dried and used for
1548:The Physiology of Man
1474:10.1093/ajcn/32.1.173
1377:in: Scientific Tables
1133:
1121:
975:
936:child-directed speech
832:Further information:
802:is the plural of the
762:Cyclosia papilionaris
759:
599:
573:analysis and ancient
503:Brocadia anammoxidans
469:Further information:
208:
192:
176:fecal bacteriotherapy
150:Feces can be used as
2599:, 18 November 2014,
2169:Marcone, M. (2004).
1915:10.1128/AEM.07113-11
1416:10.1128/AEM.02458-07
924:, or both; some are
493:Animals such as the
471:Dry animal dung fuel
457:, often are used as
430:Uses of animal feces
366:biogeochemical cycle
2248:(Online ed.).
2158:on 11 October 2007.
1996:2001PNAS...98.4317P
1907:2012ApEnM..78..752H
1802:National Geographic
1683:"Document: Krestel"
1661:1979SciAm.241e.146H
1648:Scientific American
1591:2003PoBio..27...56M
1508:(Suppl 4): S131–3.
1408:2008ApEnM..74.1950W
1143:Feelings of disgust
1114:Society and culture
1096:Feces when used as
224:of feces is due to
39:Fecal Matter (band)
2627:The New York Times
2565:Goldman, Jason G.
2279:on 19 October 2012
1808:on 3 December 2019
1252:Coprophilous fungi
1140:
1128:
992:Non-human animals
981:
885:. For example, in
767:
669:Black Ivory coffee
606:
478:, such as that of
313:, who can see the
218:
198:
2730:Animal physiology
2662:978-1-932595-21-5
2498:(sup1): 1535737.
2256:(Subscription or
2084:(5479): 530–531.
2050:978-0-19-533117-2
1356:978-0-06-350729-6
1172:Pile of Poo emoji
898:bowel movement(s)
742:Shankarbhai Vegad
628:Asian palm civets
586:Maillard reaction
16:(Redirected from
2737:
2709:Article on Feces
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2159:
2154:. Archived from
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2133:
2131:
2122:. Archived from
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2110:
2109:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1990:(8): 4317–4322.
1973:
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1875:
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1815:
1813:
1804:. Archived from
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1267:Fecal microbiota
1262:Excretory system
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1187:
1184:
1182:
984:Feces of animals
944:palindromic word
535:William Buckland
436:Reuse of excreta
315:near ultraviolet
220:The distinctive
214:hydrogen sulfide
156:soil conditioner
107:
80:A comparison of
74:
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1551:. McGraw-Hill.
1543:
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1502:Proc. Biol. Sci
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1287:Metabolic waste
1231:
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1179:
1174:represented in
1168:
1151:
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1116:
986:
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830:
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754:
602:Tucker, Georgia
594:
515:
476:Dry animal dung
473:
467:
447:
442:
432:
404:red blood cells
380:
374:
279:
259:
253:
244:gives skatole.
242:Decarboxylation
203:
201:Characteristics
126:metabolic waste
122:large intestine
114:small intestine
92:
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77:
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2674:External links
2672:
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2478:
2463:. Kidshealth.
2451:
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2184:(9): 901–912.
2161:
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2126:on 6 July 2007
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1968:
1951:dictionary.com
1938:
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1233:Biology portal
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1147:Main article:
1144:
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514:
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419:Breast feeding
376:Main article:
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341:seed dispersal
278:
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1402:(6): 1950–3.
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1159:flush toilets
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1108:
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1099:
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1092:
1091:worm castings
1089:etc. –
1088:
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749:
747:
743:
740:. Politician
739:
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695:Victorian era
692:
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650:stick insects
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388:
386:
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369:
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363:
359:
356:are known as
355:
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338:
335:are known as
334:
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96:
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83:
73:
64:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
2696:
2695:
2694:profile for
2691:
2652:
2646:
2635:, retrieved
2626:
2616:
2605:, retrieved
2597:Fast Company
2596:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2539:
2530:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2454:
2442:, retrieved
2432:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2373:
2363:17 September
2361:. Retrieved
2350:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2300:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2267:
2243:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2211:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2156:the original
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2114:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2059:. Retrieved
2039:
2032:
1987:
1981:
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1901:(3): 752–8.
1898:
1894:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1832:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:the original
1801:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1765:
1736:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1677:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1630:
1623:
1585:(1): 56–58.
1582:
1578:
1557:. Retrieved
1547:
1540:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1464:
1460:
1450:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1376:
1340:
1213:toilet humor
1210:
1200:
1192:
1169:
1166:Social media
1152:
1074:leaf beetles
1070:caterpillars
1064:Herbivorous
1029:– scat
987:
966:
962:
958:
954:
946:
939:
929:
907:
897:
891:stool sample
878:
870:
863:
859:
855:
851:
837:
807:
799:
797:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:
760:
735:
721:
710:
706:pure finders
705:
681:
677:Haathi Chaap
659:In northern
658:
638:Giant pandas
636:
631:
622:
607:
583:
579:
552:are ancient
548:
531:paleontology
527:trace fossil
516:
492:
474:
448:
424:
408:
389:
385:constipation
381:
358:detritivores
351:
349:
327:
304:
287:dung beetles
284:
280:
260:
246:
219:
178:are in use.
164:construction
149:
134:
109:
101:
94:
93:
54:
18:Fecal matter
2471:11 February
2415:11 November
2330:21 February
2222:10 December
1833:Tulane News
1689:11 February
1307:Whale feces
1247:Coprophilia
1242:Coprophagia
1189:PILE OF POO
1170:There is a
1149:Human feces
951:crude humor
918:euphemistic
916:. Many are
902:health care
883:human feces
784:. The term
752:Terminology
737:Panchagavya
711:Elephants,
699:proteolytic
693:during the
689:process of
550:Palaeofeces
495:giant panda
378:Human feces
372:Human feces
323:territorial
307:ultraviolet
296:coprophagia
172:human feces
84:(left) and
32:Human feces
2719:Categories
2607:9 November
2283:27 October
2260:required.)
2061:3 December
1874:3 December
1843:3 December
1812:3 December
1720:3 December
1559:3 December
1319:References
1297:Sanitation
1292:Night soil
1272:Fecal plug
1203:in Japan.
1136:Kensington
1098:fertilizer
1083:Earthworms
1068:, such as
1027:carnivores
922:colloquial
875:is common.
722:In India,
624:Kopi luwak
592:Other uses
523:fossilized
459:fertilizer
445:Fertilizer
434:See also:
409:After the
362:autotrophs
337:frugivores
289:, who can
271:defecation
257:Defecation
251:Physiology
238:tryptophan
152:fertilizer
145:defecation
2352:The Hindu
1607:0722-4060
1424:0099-2240
1302:Scatology
1201:unchi-kun
1191:, called
1186:💩
1046:uric acid
953:(such as
938:(such as
928:(such as
910:registers
896:The term
864:droppings
844:Neo-Latin
798:The word
794:Etymology
728:cow urine
665:elephants
642:green tea
539:fir cones
519:coprolite
507:hydrazine
400:bilirubin
345:predation
325:markers.
300:gut flora
168:medicinal
130:bilirubin
86:cow feces
2631:archived
2601:archived
2571:Archived
2544:Archived
2540:Upworthy
2522:30425610
2465:Archived
2444:17 March
2438:archived
2409:Archived
2389:18 April
2383:Archived
2357:Archived
2324:Archived
2320:70483471
2216:Archived
2212:HuffPost
2106:83373644
2098:10939960
2055:Archived
2024:11296282
1961:16 March
1955:Archived
1933:22138989
1868:Archived
1837:Archived
1781:16 March
1775:Archived
1714:Archived
1615:43386022
1553:Archived
1532:15252963
1442:18223109
1257:Cow dung
1219:See also
1134:Sign in
1087:lugworms
1076:–
1052:Seabirds
1035:–
1010:cow dung
949:) or to
887:medicine
828:Synonyms
724:cow dung
661:Thailand
656:leaves.
646:Malaysia
618:mudbrick
612:to make
411:meconium
353:detritus
311:kestrels
211:molecule
118:bacteria
82:elephant
2688:Scholia
2637:1 March
2577:8 April
2569:. BBC.
2550:8 April
2513:6225515
2379:"stool"
2078:Science
1992:Bibcode
1924:3264106
1903:Bibcode
1771:"STCWA"
1657:Bibcode
1587:Bibcode
1523:1810028
1433:2268313
1404:Bibcode
1181:U+1F4A9
1176:Unicode
1155:disgust
1066:insects
1037:spraint
942:or the
926:profane
840:science
702:enzymes
691:leather
687:tanning
652:fed on
541:" and "
319:middens
277:Ecology
269:during
226:skatole
194:Skatole
184:excreta
166:. Some
143:during
120:in the
88:(right)
2690:has a
2659:
2520:
2510:
2318:
2308:
2239:"pure"
2130:9 July
2104:
2096:
2047:
2022:
2012:
1931:
1921:
1753:
1613:
1605:
1530:
1520:
1483:367144
1481:
1440:
1430:
1422:
1353:
1282:Manure
1277:Jenkem
1183:
1138:, 2024
1126:, 2011
1107:Horses
1102:manure
1004:Cattle
872:manure
862:, and
800:faeces
746:cancer
734:drink
717:koalas
713:hippos
610:cement
566:health
543:bezoar
488:cattle
465:Energy
455:manure
267:cloaca
234:sulfur
230:thiols
228:, and
141:cloaca
102:faeces
50:facies
2725:Feces
2698:Feces
2692:topic
2262:n., 6
2254:
2174:(PDF)
2102:S2CID
2015:31832
1611:S2CID
1207:Jokes
1195:unchi
1078:frass
1060:guano
1042:Birds
1033:Otter
1025:Wild
979:feces
977:Horse
914:urine
879:Stool
860:spoor
814:usage
806:word
804:Latin
774:stool
770:Feces
732:Hindu
673:Paper
654:guava
644:. In
614:adobe
571:lipid
554:feces
529:. In
499:zebra
484:bison
480:camel
451:guano
392:mucus
333:fruit
329:Seeds
291:sense
180:Urine
95:Feces
46:faces
2657:ISBN
2639:2017
2609:2016
2579:2020
2552:2020
2518:PMID
2473:2012
2446:2015
2417:2013
2391:2017
2365:2019
2332:2021
2316:OCLC
2306:ISBN
2285:2012
2224:2012
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