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make room for cattle, and driven across the ocean to seek the means of living, and the political rights denied to them at home, while our men of thought and action were condemned to loss of life and liberty. But we never lost the memory and hope of a national existence. We appealed in vain to the reason and sense of justice of the dominant powers. Our mildest remonstrance's were met with sneers and contempt. Our appeals to arms were always unsuccessful. Today, having no honourable alternative left, we again appeal to force as our last resource. We accept the conditions of appeal, manfully deeming it better to die in the struggle for freedom than to continue an existence of utter serfdom. All men are born with equal rights, and in associating to protect one another and share public burdens, justice demands that such associations should rest upon a basis which maintains equality instead of destroying it. We therefore declare that, unable longer to endure the curse of
Monarchical Government, we aim at founding a Republic based on universal suffrage, which shall secure to all the intrinsic value of their labour. The soil of Ireland, at present in the possession of an oligarchy, belongs to us, the Irish people, and to us it must be restored. We declare, also, in favour of absolute liberty of conscience, and complete separation of Church and State. We appeal to the Highest Tribunal for evidence of the justness of our cause. History bears testimony to the integrity of our sufferings, and we declare, in the face of our brethren, that we intend no war against the people of England – our war is against the aristocratic locusts, whether English or Irish, who have eaten the verdure of our fields – against the aristocratic leeches who drain alike our fields and theirs. Republicans of the entire world, our cause is your cause. Our enemy is your enemy. Let your hearts be with us. As for you, workmen of England, it is not only your hearts we wish, but your arms. Remember the starvation and degradation brought to your firesides by the oppression of labour. Remember the past, look well to the future, and avenge yourselves by giving liberty to your children in the coming struggle for human liberty. Herewith we proclaim the Irish Republic.
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The
Fenians themselves re-organised after the failure of the rising. In 1873, the Irish Republican Brotherhood adopted a new constitution, which stated that armed rebellion would not be pursued again until it had mass backing from the people. In 1879, the leaders of the IRB, principally John Devoy,
1457:
We have suffered centuries of outrage, enforced poverty, and bitter misery. Our rights and liberties have been trampled on by an alien aristocracy, who treating us as foes, usurped our lands, and drew away from our unfortunate country all material riches. The real owners of the soil were removed to
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in
February, followed by an attempt at nationwide insurrection, including an attempt to take Dublin in early March. Due to poor planning and British infiltration of the nationalists, the rebellion never got off the ground. Most of the leaders in Ireland were arrested, but although some of them were
1446:
A total of twelve people were killed across the country on the day. When it became apparent that the co-ordinated rising that had been planned was not transpiring, most rebels simply went home. The rising failed as a result of lack of arms and planning, but also because of the
British authorities'
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with other
Manchester Fenians; on 18 September, while Kelly and Deasy were being conveyed through the city from the courthouse, the prison van was attacked by Fenians armed with revolvers, and in the scuffle Police Sergeant Charles Brett, who was seated inside the van, was shot dead. The three
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The rising itself was a total military failure, but it did have some political benefits for the Fenian movement. There were large protests in
Ireland against the execution of Fenian prisoners, many of whose death sentences were, as a result, reprieved. In addition, the bravery of the three
1710:
to withdraw from
Ireland in 1866 and 1871. While the U.S. authorities arrested the men and confiscated their arms afterwards, there is speculation that many in the US government had turned a blind eye to the preparations for the invasion, angered at actions that could be construed as
1473:. The proclamation claims that their war was "against the aristocratic locusts, whether English or Irish" which denotes that their ideology at this time was in some way embedded in class differences against the landed aristocracy rather than merely against British rule.
1431:
of
Fethard. A short battle took place with soldiers of the 31st Regiment which resulted in one man being killed and several wounded. Some escaped, though many were interned in Clonmel gaol to await trial. Before the end of the week the rising in Tipperary was crushed.
1576:"Manchester Martyrs" on their execution provoked an emotional reaction among the Irish public, 17 monuments were erected in their honour and annual commemorations were held well into the 20th century. An Amnesty Association for Fenian prisoners was established by
1290:, they hoped to recruit willing Irish veterans of that war for an insurrection in Ireland. They collected about 6,000 firearms and had as many as 50,000 men willing to fight. In September 1865, the British moved to close down the Fenians' newspaper
1286:, founded in the United States by John O'Mahony and Michael Doheny, also in 1858. Their aim was the establishment of an independent Irish Republic by force of arms. In 1865, the Fenians began preparing for a rebellion. With the ending of the
1547:. In December, whilst he was awaiting trial a wall of the prison was blown down by gunpowder in order to effect his escape. The explosion caused the death of twelve people, and injured one hundred and twenty others. The
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On 14 February 1867 there was an attempted rising in County Kerry. The
Fenians attacked a coastguard station, robbed a man's house and stole his horses, and killed one policeman before heading towards
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before the authorities should have time to interfere. This scheme was frustrated by information given to the government by the informer John Joseph
Corydon, one of Stephens' most trusted agents.
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Not all Fenians agreed with this policy however, and several breakaway groups emerged that continued to believe in the use of political violence in pursuit of republican objectives. One was the
1973:
1944:
1911:
1842:
1412:, when several hundred Fenians, on their way to the meeting point at Tallaght Hill, were attacked by the Constabulary near the police barracks, and were driven off after a firefight.
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in Limerick there was a reenactment of the attack on Ardagh police barracks and a plaque was unveiled on the 150th anniversary of the rising. It was also commemorated in
1592:, eschewing, for the time, physical force in favour of adopting the land question and building a broad nationalist movement. The Fenians, therefore, cooperated with the
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in order to obtain arms for the rising. The revolt's organisers had hoped to benefit from considerable support among Irish nationals, or their descendants, living in
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tried to launch the insurrection in early 1867, but it proved uncoordinated and fizzled in a series of skirmishes. The plan was for a country-wide campaign of
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writing on 7 March 1867 called the rising a failure and futile while praising those who fought against the fenians as "gallant" and praised their "courage".
1329:, accompanied by an uprising in Dublin in which Fenian fighters would link up with Irish troops who had mutinied and take the military barracks in the city.
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by almost 50 years. it also sheds some light on early Fenianism: it is centred with the ideas of republican democracy; however it is embedded with ideas of
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1723:. There were five Fenian raids of note. While they had some minor successes against Canadian forces, they were militarily and politically unsuccessful.
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Map of major events during the Fenian Rising in Ireland and the UK, and the Fenian Raids in North America. Click the map to view a larger size. (
1349:. The arms stored in the castle were to be seized, the telegraph wires cut, the rolling stock on the railway to be appropriated for transport to
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newspaper in September 1865, disaffection among Irish radical nationalists continued to smoulder, and during the later part of 1866, IRB leader
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prisoners, including a bomb in London and an attack on a prison van in Manchester, for which three Fenians, subsequently known as the
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However, the rising was not without symbolic significance. The Fenians proclaimed a Provisional Republican government, stating,
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In 1865, Henry Wood wrote the words for and Henry Tucker wrote the music for a song called "When Fenians Fight for Freedom".
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On the same day of November 1867, Ricard O'Sullivan Burke, who had been employed by the Fenians to purchase arms in
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contains a reference to the residents of Cork City who "brought home the Fenian prisoners from diverse nations."
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On 11 September 1867, Colonel Thomas J. Kelly ("Deputy Central Organizer of the Irish Republic") was arrested in
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effective use of informers. Most of the Fenian leadership had been arrested before the rebellion took place.
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sentenced to death, none suffered execution. There followed a series of attacks in England aimed at freeing
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8:
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1623:). Two other factions, one sponsored by O'Donovan Rossa, the other by the Irish-American
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The rebels burnt down police barracks at Ballingarry, Emly, Gortavoher and Roskeen, in
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were occupying it. They then retreated by passing between the Toomey Mountains and
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was suspended in Ireland and there were hundreds more arrests of Fenian activists.
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However the rising of 1867 proved poorly organised. A brief rising took place in
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1619:, Chief and Under Secretaries for Ireland, respectively, in Dublin in 1882 (see
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1201:
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684:
444:
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2043:"The Proclamation of the Irish Republic 1867 as a signifier of Class Struggle"
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and Stephens. Stephens, the leader of the movement, later escaped. In 1866,
35:
Digital Recreation of one of the Fenian Flags used during the 1867 Rebellion
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1773:
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1694:, mobilised up to 1,000 Irish veterans of the American Civil War to launch
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306:
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who assassinated the two most important British functionaries in Ireland,
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instructing Civil War veteran to fight for his homeland across the ocean.
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30:
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1516:
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1381:. When the Fenians were near the town it was discovered that the
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868:
517:
2117:"How 'The Irish Times' reported the Fenian rising 150 years ago"
1970:"Call out for volunteers for 1867 Fenian re-enactment in Ardagh"
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should be disestablished as a concession to Irish disaffection.
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1703:
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898:
296:
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883:
1840:
Today in Irish History –The Fenian Rebellion, March 5, 1867
1805:
Ireland, A Social, Cultural and Literary History, 1791–1891
1519:"centres" (organisers), together with a companion, Captain
1515:, where he had gone from Dublin to attend a council of the
1528:
Fenians, who were later executed, were remembered as the "
3927:
1849:, John Dorney, TheIrishStory.com, accessed 18 August 2013
1690:
The Fenian Brotherhood, especially a faction of it under
1353:, where shipping was to be seized and a descent made on
3356:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
1784:
List of monuments and memorials to the Fenian Rebellion
1555:
would suffer the death penalty, powerfully influenced
3086:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1270:were a transatlantic association consisting of the
1242:for a fresh rising planned for the following year.
1523:. A plot to rescue these prisoners was hatched by
3449:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
1404:. The largest of these engagements took place at
4533:
2255:
4295:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
1396:On 5 March 1867, risings took place in Dublin,
1296:and arrested much of the leadership, including
1600:from the 1870s onwards and in the rise of the
16:1867 rebellion against British rule in Ireland
2929:
2241:
1671:
1493:officers, shot by a Fenian splinter group on
1177:
566:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
2146:
2144:
1997:The Modernisation of Irish Society 1848–1918
1937:"Remembering the Fenian Rising in Tipperary"
1435:Around 40 men attacked a police barracks in
3058:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1826:
1824:
123:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
4481:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
2936:
2922:
2248:
2234:
1702:forts, customs posts and other targets in
1678:
1664:
1465:The proclamation preceded the Easter 1916
1337:In February 1867 Fenians, one of whom was
1184:
1170:
29:
2141:
4300:Association football in Northern Ireland
2065:
1964:
1962:
1931:
1929:
1821:
1644:
1480:
1364:
1214:[ˈeːɾʲiːəˈmˠaxn̪ˠəˈvʲiːnʲiːnʲiː]
3496:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
2036:
2034:
4534:
1858:
1802:
757:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
4572:Rebellions against the British Empire
3765:
3555:
3376:
2982:
2917:
2229:
1959:
1926:
1212:
1007:Phoenix National and Literary Society
2040:
2031:
1999:. Gill & Macmillan. p. 58.
1833:
1634:
904:National Graves Association, Belfast
836:South Armagh Republican Action Force
2189:The Fenian Invasion of Canada, 1866
1994:
327:Dissident Irish republican campaign
13:
3525:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
3300:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
3098:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
2943:
2297:Physical force Irish republicanism
2129:from the original on 11 March 2017
1631:in Britain between 1880 and 1887.
1467:Proclamation of the Irish Republic
1258:, were executed in November 1867.
1238:endeavoured to raise funds in the
14:
4583:
3310:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
2053:from the original on 4 March 2016
1976:from the original on 4 March 2017
1947:from the original on 1 March 2017
1863:. Four Courts Press. p. 26.
1726:
1539:, was arrested and imprisoned in
541:All Ireland Anti-Partition League
4515:
3479:Tallest buildings and structures
2406:
2210:"When Fenians Fight for Freedom"
1914:from the original on 12 May 2017
1419:. A number of rebels armed with
1151:
1139:
695:Irish Republican Liberation Army
606:Irish Socialist Republican Party
503:Irish Republican Socialist Party
174:Armalite and ballot box strategy
147:
115:
101:
88:
2304:Irish in the American Civil War
2202:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2109:
2087:
2022:
2013:
1910:. 16 February 1867. p. 2.
1423:gathered at Ballyhurst outside
1373:cartoon referring to the events
1321:Stephens' successor as leader,
992:League of Communist Republicans
864:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland
808:Republican Action Against Drugs
639:Republican Socialist Collective
3315:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
1988:
1894:
1890:. 15 February 1867. p. 9.
1877:
1852:
1796:
1706:in order to bring pressure on
1454:The Irish People of the World
1332:
859:32 County Sovereignty Movement
717:Irish National Liberation Army
1:
3377:
1789:
1649:Image on Fenian Bond showing
1261:
1228:After the suppression of the
4552:Irish Republican Brotherhood
4380:Northern Ireland flags issue
3556:
3331:List of conflicts in Ireland
3075:Southern Ireland (1921–1922)
2872:The Irish People (newspaper)
2259:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1807:. Four Courts. p. 116.
1476:
1272:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1223:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1206:Éirí Amach na bhFíníní, 1867
997:Northern Resistance Movement
914:Revolutionary Housing League
778:Irish Republican Brotherhood
581:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann
508:Republican Network for Unity
95:Irish Republican Brotherhood
7:
3766:
3351:Gaelic clothing and fashion
2983:
2362:Declaration of Independence
1757:
1742:
1580:, later the founder of the
1461:The Provisional Government.
909:National Graves Association
596:Irish Anti-Partition League
194:Irish republican legitimism
10:
4588:
2897:Irish National Invincibles
2879:United Irishmen of America
2830:Emmet Monument Association
2096:A Short History of Ireland
2047:Irish Republican Socialist
1638:
1609:Irish National Invincibles
1500:
1491:Dublin Metropolitan Police
1217:) was a rebellion against
987:Irish Socialist Federation
967:Emmet Monument Association
831:Society of United Irishmen
783:Irish Revolutionary Forces
752:Irish National Invincibles
654:Socialist Republican Party
624:Northern Council for Unity
277:Irish revolutionary period
4511:
4410:
4348:
4285:
4225:
4138:
4086:
4041:
4008:
3953:
3918:
3868:
3787:
3778:
3774:
3761:
3696:
3599:
3568:
3564:
3551:
3461:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3323:
3111:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2954:
2888:
2865:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
2807:
2782:
2718:
2616:
2607:
2484:
2468:Irish War of Independence
2415:
2404:
2267:
1859:Marley, Laurence (2007).
1803:Murphy, James H. (2003).
1602:Irish Parliamentary Party
1360:
1040:Guerrilla Days in Ireland
724:(Real IRA splinter group)
700:Irish Republican Movement
282:Irish War of Independence
80:
39:
28:
23:
2851:Friends of Irish Freedom
2798:Francis Frederick Millen
2695:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
2454:Fenian dynamite campaign
1302:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
977:Friends of Irish Freedom
619:National Corporate Party
601:Irish Independence Party
317:1981 Irish hunger strike
262:Fenian dynamite campaign
70:Political reorganisation
4567:19th-century rebellions
4472:Prostitution (Republic)
2639:Edward O'Meagher Condon
2632:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
2355:Hindu–German Conspiracy
2194:30 October 2019 at the
1845:26 October 2019 at the
1779:List of Irish uprisings
1557:William Ewart Gladstone
1525:Edward O'Meagher Condon
1437:Ardagh, County Limerick
1219:British rule in Ireland
889:Irish National Congress
879:Connolly Youth Movement
813:Republican Defence Army
634:Republican Labour Party
591:Independent Fianna Fáil
247:Young Ireland rebellion
242:Irish rebellion of 1803
232:Irish Rebellion of 1798
4557:Irish-American history
3341:List of Irish kingdoms
2332:Irish Race Conventions
2019:Lee (2008), pp. 58, 60
1654:
1498:
1463:
1374:
1205:
982:Irish Republican Voice
957:Comhairle na Poblachta
770:Irish Republican Army
762:Irish Republican Army
4547:Rebellions in Ireland
4448:Mass media (Republic)
4392:National coat of arms
3280:IRA Northern Campaign
2901:Phoenix Park killings
2858:Irish Republican Army
2625:Thomas Francis Bourke
2428:Clerkenwell explosion
2177:Murphy (2003), p. 119
2150:Murphy (2003), p. 118
2101:17 March 2017 at the
2079:17 March 2017 at the
1830:Murphy (2003), p. 117
1648:
1559:in deciding that the
1507:Clerkenwell explosion
1484:
1452:
1429:Thomas Francis Bourke
1368:
1198:Fenian Rising of 1867
1075:The Hibernia Magazine
1060:Saoirse Irish Freedom
941:Defunct Organisations
611:Irish Workers' Group
322:Good Friday Agreement
292:1932 general election
272:1918 general election
4370:County coats of arms
4262:List of Irish people
3336:List of Irish tribes
3186:Cromwellian conquest
3172:Plantation of Ulster
3103:Ireland (since 1922)
2074:The Story of Ireland
1995:Lee, Joseph (2008).
1621:Phoenix Park Murders
919:Wolfe Tone Societies
874:Connolly Association
853:Active Organisations
722:Óglaigh na hÉireann
513:Republican Sinn Féin
410:Constance Markievicz
179:Dissident republican
4485:in Northern Ireland
4476:in Northern Ireland
4217:Legendary creatures
4130:Traditional singing
3966:Saint Patrick's Day
3601:Republic of Ireland
3530:Tourist attractions
3515:ROI–UK border
3500:of Northern Ireland
3453:in Northern Ireland
3285:IRA Border Campaign
3260:War of Independence
3230:Second Great Famine
3215:Act of Union (1800)
3167:Flight of the Earls
3024:Lordship of Ireland
2959:Republic of Ireland
2791:Thomas Miller Beach
2521:John O'Connor Power
2290:Irish republicanism
2215:Library of Congress
1972:. Limerick Leader.
1941:The Nenagh Guardian
1613:Frederick Cavendish
1551:, for which Fenian
1549:Clerkenwell Outrage
1391:MacGillycuddy Reeks
1221:, organised by the
1146:Politics portal
1070:The Gaelic American
1012:Troops Out Movement
629:Republican Congress
576:Cumann na Poblachta
140:Irish republicanism
133:Part of a series on
4522:Ireland portal
3840:Skirts and kidneys
3346:List of High Kings
3265:Anglo-Irish Treaty
3205:First Great Famine
3190:Settlement of 1652
3162:Tyrone's Rebellion
3152:Desmond Rebellions
3041:Kingdom of Ireland
2837:Fenian Brotherhood
2709:William R. Roberts
2681:Thomas Clarke Luby
2383:Anglo-Irish Treaty
2311:Manchester Martyrs
1752:"The Galway Races"
1721:American Civil War
1713:British assistance
1692:William R. Roberts
1655:
1617:Thomas Henry Burke
1541:Clerkenwell Prison
1530:Manchester Martyrs
1503:Manchester Martyrs
1499:
1489:commemorating two
1487:Temple Bar, Dublin
1383:Irish Constabulary
1375:
1310:Thomas Clarke Luby
1288:American Civil War
1284:Fenian Brotherhood
1256:Manchester martyrs
1158:Ireland portal
1002:People's Democracy
972:Fenian Brotherhood
747:Irish Citizen Army
571:Córas na Poblachta
556:Clann na Poblachta
237:Acts of Union 1800
108:Fenian Brotherhood
4542:Conflicts in 1867
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2748:Seán Mac Diarmada
2199:, the Irish Story
2168:Lee (2008), p. 75
2159:Lee (2008), p. 74
2084:, Library Ireland
2028:Lee (2008), p. 56
1870:978-1-84682-265-0
1635:Related conflicts
1564:Church of Ireland
1327:guerrilla warfare
1282:in 1858, and the
1194:
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1105:The Starry Plough
952:Clann na hÉireann
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420:Martin McGuinness
415:Bernadette Devlin
405:Terence MacSwiney
395:Seán Mac Stíofáin
189:Irish nationalism
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1323:Thomas J. Kelly
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1080:The Irish Felon
1055:Republican News
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962:Dungannon Clubs
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929:Ógra Shinn Féin
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685:Cumann na mBan
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666:Militant groups
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390:Thomas J. Kelly
385:Cathal Goulding
375:Éamon de Valera
370:Seamus Costello
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3177:1641 Rebellion
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3147:Tudor conquest
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2006:978-0717160310
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1958:
1943:. March 2017.
1925:
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1861:Michael Davitt
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1727:Commemorations
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1639:Main article:
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1471:class struggle
1425:Tipperary town
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1343:Chester Castle
1339:Michael Davitt
1334:
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1280:James Stephens
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1236:James Stephens
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979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
767:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
728:
727:
719:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
690:Fianna Éireann
687:
682:
680:Continuity IRA
677:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
482:Active parties
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
462:
460:James Stephens
457:
452:
447:
445:Patrick Pearse
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
365:James Connolly
362:
357:
352:
347:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
228:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
214:United Ireland
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
144:
143:
135:
134:
126:
125:
112:
111:
110:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:
71:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4584:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4524:
4523:
4510:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4490:Public houses
4488:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3746:
3745:Peace process
3743:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3675:(upper house)
3673:
3669:
3667:
3665:(lower house)
3663:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Republicanism
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3295:Peace process
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:The Emergency
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Easter Rising
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:Fenian Rising
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3015:Early history
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:Bulmer Hobson
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2727:Éamonn Ceannt
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:John O'Mahony
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:Timothy Deasy
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:Seamus Deakin
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:Easter Rising
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:Fenian Rising
2421:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2325:New Departure
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:Young Ireland
2273:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:Cael (2009).
2037:
2035:
2025:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:New Departure
1588:decided on a
1585:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1521:Timothy Deasy
1518:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1410:County Dublin
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1315:habeas corpus
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:, founded in
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:United States
1237:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Irish Freedom
1048:
1046:
1045:IRIS Magazine
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1035:Evening Press
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
938:
937:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
850:
849:
842:
841:Young Ireland
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
768:
766:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
742:Irish Brigade
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
726:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
712:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
663:
662:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
561:Clann Éireann
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
532:
531:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
440:John O'Mahony
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
400:Seán MacBride
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Cathal Brugha
348:
346:
343:
342:
336:
335:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
267:Easter Rising
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
252:Fenian Rising
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
223:
222:
215:
212:
210:
209:Republicanism
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:New Departure
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
164:Abstentionism
162:
161:
155:
154:
150:
146:
145:
142:
137:
136:
132:
131:
124:
113:
109:
99:
98:
97:
96:
85:
84:
79:
69:
66:
65:
64:
61:
60:
54:
51:
50:
46:
43:
42:
38:
32:
27:
24:Fenian Rising
22:
19:
4513:
4483: /
4474: /
4465: /
4443:Homelessness
4362:
4330:Road bowling
4325:Martial arts
4272:Ulster Scots
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4153:Mythological
4100:
4060:
4033:Ulster Scots
3993: /
3932:
3860:Three-in-One
3671:
3662:Dáil Éireann
3661:
3651:
3609:Constitution
3498: /
3469:Architecture
3451: /
3324:Other topics
3305:Celtic Tiger
3290:The Troubles
3239:
3188: /
3179: /
3125: /
3121: /
3022: /
3010:Protohistory
2816:Clan na Gael
2719:20th century
2617:19th century
2577:Harry Boland
2570:Seán McGarry
2535:Neal O'Boyle
2528:John O'Leary
2432:Fenian raids
2423:
2345:
2213:
2204:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2131:. Retrieved
2120:
2111:
2094:
2089:
2072:
2067:
2057:12 September
2055:. Retrieved
2046:
2024:
2015:
1996:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1949:. Retrieved
1940:
1916:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1860:
1854:
1835:
1804:
1798:
1774:Fenian Raids
1749:
1746:
1730:
1700:British army
1689:
1641:Fenian Raids
1625:Clan na Gael
1606:
1586:
1574:
1568:
1534:
1510:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1434:
1414:
1395:
1387:British Army
1376:
1336:
1320:
1313:
1306:Bryan Dillon
1298:John O'Leary
1291:
1265:
1247:County Kerry
1244:
1231:Irish People
1230:
1227:
1197:
1195:
1030:An Phoblacht
947:Clan na Gael
793:Official IRA
730:
729:
710:
709:
669:
586:Fianna Uladh
546:Anti H-Block
450:Seán Russell
380:Robert Emmet
307:The Troubles
257:Fenian raids
251:
86:
81:Belligerents
18:
4463:Place names
4340:Rugby union
4235:Anglo-Irish
4120:Instruments
3976:The Twelfth
3940:Set dancing
3740:LGBT rights
3646:LGBT rights
3576:Nationalism
3142:Black Death
2889:Derivatives
2563:Thomas Ashe
2475:Army Mutiny
1902:"Editorial"
1719:during the
1717:Confederacy
1594:Land League
1443:and pikes.
1439:with guns,
1341:, attacked
1333:Preparation
1100:The Phoenix
820:(1967–1975)
772:(1922–1969)
764:(1919–1922)
498:Fianna Fáil
470:Moss Twomey
455:Bobby Sands
355:Neil Blaney
345:Gerry Adams
312:Arms Crisis
4536:Categories
4364:Cláirseach
4267:Travellers
4125:Rock music
4108:Folk music
4043:Literature
3845:Soda bread
3728:Government
3655:parliament
3652:Oireachtas
3629:Government
3569:Ideologies
3200:Penal Laws
3091:since 1922
3005:Prehistory
2808:Associates
2783:Informants
2734:Tom Clarke
2667:John Devoy
2608:Prominent
2485:Presidents
2347:Fenian Ram
1814:1851827277
1790:References
1578:Isaac Butt
1537:Birmingham
1513:Manchester
1495:Hallowe'en
1485:Plaque in
1262:Background
1095:The Nation
826:Saor Uladh
818:Saor Éire
465:Wolfe Tone
360:Tom Clarke
204:Radicalism
4495:Squatting
4211:Fomorians
4140:Mythology
4010:Languages
3995:Halloween
3971:Bealtaine
3954:Festivals
3945:Stepdance
3850:Spice Bag
3835:Irish fry
3825:Colcannon
3800:Barmbrack
3723:Education
3681:President
3619:Education
3535:Transport
3510:Provinces
3432:Mountains
3407:Coastline
3379:Geography
3270:Civil War
3225:Tithe War
2702:Pat Nally
2646:John Daly
2376:Sinn Féin
2318:Cuba Five
2283:Fenianism
1887:The Times
1769:Cuba Five
1477:Aftermath
1398:Cork City
1379:Killarney
1065:Sinn Féin
644:Saor Éire
523:Sinn Féin
4453:Monastic
4418:Calendar
4402:Shamrock
4397:Red Hand
4335:Rounders
4000:Wren Day
3934:Sean-nós
3886:Guinness
3830:Drisheen
3706:Assembly
3688:Taxation
3591:Unionism
3558:Politics
3491:Counties
3235:Land War
3127:Clontarf
3123:Glenmama
2997:Timeline
2447:Land War
2192:Archived
2133:13 March
2127:Archived
2106:, p. 123
2099:Archived
2077:Archived
2051:Archived
1974:Archived
1945:Archived
1918:31 March
1912:Archived
1843:Archived
1758:See also
1743:In Music
1561:Anglican
1406:Tallaght
1402:Limerick
1351:Holyhead
803:Real IRA
711:Inactive
184:Éire Nua
158:Concepts
52:Location
4423:Castles
4350:Symbols
4320:Hurling
4305:Camogie
4204:Firbolg
4190:Immrama
4183:Echtrai
4113:session
4096:Ballads
4073:Theatre
4062:Gaeilge
4056:Fiction
3991:Samhain
3906:Whiskey
3780:Cuisine
3768:Culture
3718:Economy
3614:Economy
3422:Islands
3397:Climate
3390:Natural
2985:History
2945:Ireland
2610:members
2416:Actions
2268:General
1980:3 March
1951:3 March
1715:to the
1708:Britain
1596:in the
1517:English
1441:muskets
1347:England
1268:Fenians
1225:(IRB).
869:Cabhair
731:Defunct
705:New IRA
518:Saoradh
226:History
4428:Cinema
4227:People
4176:Aos Sí
4163:Ulster
4158:Fenian
4148:Cycles
4078:Triads
4068:Poetry
4051:Annals
4028:Shelta
3981:Lúnasa
3961:Imbolc
3896:Poitín
3876:Coffee
3869:Drinks
3820:Coddle
3486:Cities
3437:Rivers
3427:Loughs
3112:Events
2970:topics
2962:topics
2948:topics
2003:
1867:
1811:
1737:Nenagh
1733:Ardagh
1704:Canada
1545:London
1361:Rising
1355:Dublin
1276:Dublin
1252:Fenian
899:NORAID
894:IRSCNA
670:Active
613:(1976)
493:Éirígí
339:People
297:S-Plan
120:
62:Result
4458:Names
4411:Other
4375:Flags
4287:Sport
4240:Gaels
4168:Kings
4102:Céilí
4088:Music
4023:Irish
3920:Dance
3881:Cream
3815:Champ
3810:Boxty
3733:local
3634:local
3520:Towns
3505:Ports
3462:Human
3417:Fauna
1696:raids
1421:pikes
1371:Punch
1202:Irish
1024:Media
884:IRPWA
649:SLISO
488:Aontú
4277:Yola
3891:Mist
3855:Stew
3788:Food
3442:list
2430:and
2135:2017
2059:2015
2001:ISBN
1982:2017
1953:2017
1920:2017
1865:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1651:Erin
1615:and
1505:and
1497:1867
1400:and
1385:and
1266:The
1210:IPA:
1196:The
47:1867
44:Date
3928:Jig
3901:Tea
3641:Law
1731:In
1698:on
1543:in
1532:."
1278:by
4538::
2212:.
2143:^
2125:.
2119:.
2049:.
2045:.
2033:^
1961:^
1939:.
1928:^
1904:.
1823:^
1739:.
1604:.
1584:.
1408:,
1393:.
1369:A
1308:,
1304:,
1300:,
1208:,
1204::
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2899:(
2434:)
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2249:e
2242:t
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2137:.
2061:.
2009:.
1984:.
1955:.
1922:.
1873:.
1817:.
1685:)
1679:e
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1200:(
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