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On succeeding to the throne in 1830, he published an edict in which he promised to give his most anxious attention to the impartial administration of justice, to reform the finances, and to use every effort to heal the wounds which had afflicted the
Kingdom for so many years. His goal, he said, was
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However a dispute arose as to the nature of the oath which should be taken by the members of the chamber of deputies. As an agreement could not be reached and the King refused to compromise, riots continued in the streets. Eventually, the King ordered the army to disperse the rioters by force and
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However, in 1837, he violently suppressed
Sicilian demonstrators demanding a constitution and maintained strict police surveillance in his domains. Liberal reformists, who were motivated by visions of a new society founded upon a modern constitution, continued to demand that the King grant a
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in London, describing the "awful conditions" of the
Kingdom of Southern Italy and claiming that "it is the negation of God erected into a system of government". Gladstone's letters provoked reactions of outrage in much of Europe and helped to cause the kingdom's diplomatic isolation, which
178:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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A soldier attempted to assassinate
Ferdinand in 1856, and many believe that the infection he received from the soldier's bayonet led to his ultimate demise. He died on 22 May 1859, shortly after the
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region which were backed by the majority of the intelligentsia of the
Kingdom, on 29 January 1848 King Ferdinand was forced to grant a constitution, using for a pattern the French
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to govern his
Kingdom in a way that would bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number of his subjects while respecting the rights of his fellow monarchs and those of the
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Between 1848 and 1851, the policies of King
Ferdinand caused many to go into exile. Meanwhile, an estimated 2,000 suspected revolutionaries or dissidents were jailed.
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dissolved the national parliament on 13 March 1849. Although the constitution was never formally abrogated, the King resumed his rule as an absolute monarch.
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for certain industries. The King had endeavoured to limit
British influence, which had begun to cause tension. As Ferdinand ignored the advice of the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et
Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
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with "savage barbarity" for eight hours after its defenders had already surrendered, killing many civilians and earning the King the nickname
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This article is about the 19th-century king who ruled from Naples. For the 15th-century King of Naples with the same name, see
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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and
Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri
2246:[Chronological list of knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit from its origin to its extinction (1578-1830)].
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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After a campaign lasting close to nine months, Sicily's Liberal regime was completely subdued on 15 May 1849.
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The early years of his reign were comparatively peaceful: he cut taxes and expenditures, had
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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and dispatched it to Sicily. A naval flotilla sent to Sicilian waters bombarded the city of
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rulers: his "support" consisted of a couple of letters that he sent from Naples to
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dalla Real Tipografia del Ministero di Stato della Cancelleria Generale. pp.
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2287:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
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ideas and, in addition, his free and easy manners endeared him to the so-called
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2455:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 9.
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Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
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In his early years, he was fairly popular. Progressives credited him with
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2390:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 936.
2083:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 268.
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and future prime minister, began to support Neapolitan opponents of the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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In the meantime, Sicily declared independence under the leadership of
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and had issue. The current lines of Bourbon-Sicily descend from him.
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2318:"Caballeros Existentes en la Insignie Orden del Toison de Oro"
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governments, those powers recalled their ambassadors in 1856.
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Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi
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spread throughout the island and served as a spark for the
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Almanacco reale del Regno delle Due Sicilie per l'anno ...
913:. This would later lead to the invasion of his Kingdom by
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facilitated its subsequent invasion and annexation by the
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2095:"Giuseppe Garibaldi and Sicily - Best of Sicily Magazine"
1127:: Grand Cross of St. Louis for Civil Merit, in Diamonds,
660:. Ferdinand I and Charles IV were brothers, both sons of
672:, Empress of Brazil, wife of the last Brazilian emperor
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Annuaire-bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France
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married morganatically to Blanche Marconnay; no issue.
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During this period, Ferdinand showed his attachment to
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
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Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern: 1858
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a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2505:Works by or about Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
2404:Navarrete MartĂnez, Esperanza Navarrete MartĂnez.
959:Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George
208:{{Translated|it|Ferdinando II delle Due Sicilie}}
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2322:Calendario manual y guĂa de forasteros en Madrid
2162:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des GroĂźherzogtum Baden
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1373:Maria Immacolata Clementina of the Two Sicilies
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1411:) and was created Infante of Spain; no issue.
196:accompanying your translation by providing an
158:Click for important translation instructions.
145:expand this article with text translated from
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1526:Ancestors of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
1493:Prince Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Count of Bardi
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2897:Monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
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2221:J ..... -H ..... -Fr ..... Berlien (1846).
1246:; b. 12 November 1812, d. 21 January 1836)
844:Portrait of Ferdinand by F. Martorell, 1844
694:, the lower classes of Neapolitan society.
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2347:. Stamperia Granducale. 1840. p. 275.
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1311:Prince Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
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16:King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 to 1859
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779:After similar revolutionary outbursts in
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
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470:Maria Immacolata, Archduchess of Austria
465:Maria Annunziata, Archduchess of Austria
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2912:Burials at the Basilica of Santa Chiara
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496:Princess Maria Luisa, Countess of Bardi
456:Prince Alberto, Count of Castrogiovanni
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2739:Prince Januarius, Count of Caltagirone
2381:"Francis I. of the Two Sicilies"
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737:constitution and liberalize his rule.
644:. His paternal grandparents were King
616:; 12 January 1810 – 22 May 1859) was
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2932:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
2755:Prince Ferdinando Pio, Duke of Castro
2616:Kings and Princes of the Two Sicilies
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2224:Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter
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1443:Roberto I, Duke of Parma and Piacenza
1285:; b. 31 July 1816, d. 8 August 1867)
1262:succeeded as King of the Two Sicilies
988:: Grand Cross of the Royal Hungarian
1353:Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies
1303:Duchess Mathilde Ludovika in Bavaria
1277:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
501:Prince Gennaro, Count of Caltagirone
127:
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
670:Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
624:from 1830 until his death in 1859.
13:
2676:Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua
2206:(in French). Vol. 1. p.
965:Order of St. George of the Reunion
758:violent riots inspired by Liberals
65:"Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies"
14:
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2902:People of the Revolutions of 1848
2791:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
2681:Prince Leopold, Count of Syracuse
2518:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
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2344:Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855
2071:Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies
1385:Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria
1345:Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies
1023:Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion
652:. His maternal grandparents were
487:Prince Vincenzo, Count of Melazzo
475:Prince Gaetano, Count of Girgenti
2812:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
2796:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro
2729:Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
2724:Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta
2696:Prince Francis, Count of Trapani
2624:Generations, in accordance with
2406:"MarĂa de la O Isabel de BorbĂłn"
2164:(1858), "GroĂźherzogliche Orden"
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1757:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
1318:Alberto, Count of Castrogiovanni
1252:Francesco II of the Two Sicilies
1238:Princess Maria Cristina of Savoy
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953:Order of St. Ferdinand and Merit
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479:Prince Giuseppe, Count of Lucera
460:Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta
352:Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples
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2892:Princes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
2628:, are numbered by descent from
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1578:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1481:Maria Luisa of the Two Sicilies
1365:Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
1266:Duchess Maria Sophie in Bavaria
1216:
752:: 120 grana Ferdinand II - 1834
729:established between Naples and
646:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
414:
381:
41:needs additional citations for
2833:Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria
2765:Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro
2734:Prince Pasquale, Count of Bari
2686:Prince Antonio, Count of Lecce
2571:8 November 1830 – 22 May 1859
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491:Prince Pasquale, Count of Bari
447:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
206:You may also add the template
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2691:Prince Louis, Count of Aquila
2523:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
2410:Diccionario biográfico España
1673:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1637:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
1501:Gennaro, Count of Caltagirone
1431:Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies
1242:(married 21 November 1832 in
909:had declared war against the
855:on private business in 1850,
638:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
550:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
2917:19th-century Roman Catholics
2817:Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro
2719:Prince Louis, Count of Trani
2414:Real Academia de la Historia
2144:"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
452:Prince Luigi, Count of Trani
7:
2306:. Eredi Botta. p. 104.
2030:Naples–Portici railway line
2023:
1517:
1281:(married 9 January 1837 in
1186:Knight of the Golden Fleece
717:), his fleet had the first
483:Maria Pia, Duchess of Parma
341:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
10:
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2849:Prince Jaime, Duke of Noto
2653:Leopold, Prince of Salerno
2242:Teulet, Alexandre (1863).
1975:Louise Élisabeth of France
1890:
1772:
1646:
1538:
1450:Vincenzo, Count of Melazzo
1407:(eldest daughter of Queen
1393:Gaetano, Count of Girgenti
1165:Knight of the Annunciation
924:
806:by granting him asylum at
707:the first railway in Italy
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170:Machine translation, like
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1699:Maria Carolina of Austria
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1416:Giuseppe, Count of Lucera
1343:married his first cousin
1333:Alfonso, Count of Caserta
1272:
1233:
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1206:Grand Cross of St. Joseph
1145:Knight of the Black Eagle
1108:Knight of the Holy Spirit
650:Maria Carolina of Austria
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147:the corresponding article
2567:King of the Two Sicilies
2149:22 December 2010 at the
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1731:Maria Theresa of Austria
1212:
971:Royal Order of Francis I
713:and the royal palace at
403:Maria Theresa of Austria
255:King of the Two Sicilies
2922:Italian Roman Catholics
2387:Encyclopædia Britannica
2300:Luigi Cibrario (1869).
2080:Encyclopædia Britannica
1881:Maria Isabella of Spain
1465:Pasquale, Count of Bari
1405:Infanta Isabel of Spain
1305:; their only daughter,
1014:House Order of Fidelity
727:telegraphic connections
642:Maria Isabella of Spain
613:
605:
560:Maria Isabella of Spain
370:Maria Cristina of Savoy
217:For more guidance, see
2324:(in Spanish): 79, 1837
1854:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1610:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1202:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1088:Knight of the Elephant
1065:: Grand Cordon of the
947:Order of St. Januarius
845:
753:
666:Maria Amalia of Saxony
632:Ferdinand was born in
614:Ferdinando Carlo Maria
606:Ferdinannu Carlu Maria
598:Ferdinando Carlo Maria
597:
524:Ferdinando Carlo Maria
523:
21:Ferdinand II of Naples
2887:Nobility from Palermo
2187:. Landesamt. p.
1917:Philip, Duke of Parma
1307:Princess Maria Teresa
1291:Luigi, Count of Trani
843:
748:
700:Roman Catholic Church
219:Knowledge:Translation
190:copyright attribution
2859:Kings are in italics
2528:Cadet branch of the
2487:Genealogie ascendate
2469:Genealogie ascendate
2274:. 1858. p. 321.
2250:(in French) (2): 116
1943:Maria Luisa of Parma
1795:Charles III of Spain
1551:Charles III of Spain
1409:Isabella II of Spain
1046:Knight of St. Hubert
990:Order of St. Stephen
969:Grand Master of the
963:Grand Master of the
957:Grand Master of the
951:Grand Master of the
945:Grand Master of the
903:Second French Empire
662:Charles III of Spain
658:Maria Luisa of Parma
640:and his second wife
540:Bourbon-Two Sicilies
388:; died
309:Palazzo dei Normanni
50:improve this article
2227:. Berling. p.
2202:H. Tarlier (1854).
1822:Charles IV of Spain
1511:died in childhood.
1459:died in childhood.
1425:died in childhood.
1327:died in childhood.
1161:Kingdom of Sardinia
919:Italian unification
907:Kingdom of Sardinia
877:Kingdom of Sardinia
861:government minister
859:the British former
829:("The Bomb King").
774:Revolutions of 1848
756:In September 1847,
741:Revolutions of 1848
654:Charles IV of Spain
2626:agnatic succession
2359:"Portale Antenati"
2271:Almanacco di corte
1141:Kingdom of Prussia
1042:Kingdom of Bavaria
915:Giuseppe Garibaldi
846:
754:
264:8 November 1830 –
198:interlanguage link
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2574:Succeeded by
2020:
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1469:15 September 1852
1438:29 September 1882
1422:28 September 1851
1321:17 September 1839
1104:Kingdom of France
857:William Gladstone
776:all over Europe.
770:rising in Palermo
723:Italian Peninsula
668:. His sister was
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317:Kingdom of Sicily
248:Ferdinand in 1859
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1505:28 February 1857
1472:21 December 1904
1400:26 November 1871
1380:18 February 1899
1259:27 December 1894
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1067:Order of Leopold
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819:Carlo Filangieri
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176:Google Translate
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154:(August 2012)
150:
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143:You can help
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
55:
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39:This article
37:
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28:
27:
22:
2907:Pope Pius IX
2711:
2670:Ferdinand II
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2422:. Retrieved
2418:the original
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2326:, retrieved
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2254:12 September
2252:. Retrieved
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1495:; no issue.
1419:4 March 1848
1324:12 July 1844
1274:
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1189:
1169:11 July 1829
1168:
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940:Two Sicilies
900:
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804:Pope Pius IX
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622:Two Sicilies
590:Ferdinand II
589:
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328:(1859-05-22)
237:Ferdinand II
231:
194:edit summary
185:
152:
144:
112:
103:
93:
86:
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72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2882:1859 deaths
2877:1810 births
2631:Ferdinand I
2546:22 May 1859
1340:26 May 1934
1298:8 June 1886
836:Later reign
783:, south of
750:Silver coin
725:and he had
680:Early reign
326:22 May 1859
272:Predecessor
266:22 May 1859
2871:Categories
2713:Francis II
2577:Francis II
1360:4 May 1871
1309:, married
869:Parliament
733:, Sicily.
648:and Queen
610:Neapolitan
302:1810-01-12
286:Francis II
149:in Italian
76:newspapers
2647:Francis I
2560:Francis I
2289:pp. 19-20
2069:(1911). "
921:in 1861.
719:steamship
691:lazzaroni
576:Signature
282:Successor
276:Francis I
212:talk page
2424:31 March
2147:Archived
2024:See also
1518:Ancestry
1491:married
1441:married
1403:married
1383:married
1363:married
1301:married
1264:married
1244:Cagliari
905:and the
874:Savoyard
827:re bomba
674:Pedro II
636:to King
602:Sicilian
566:Religion
188:provide
106:May 2016
2507:at the
2328:25 June
2077:(ed.).
2064::
1084:Denmark
1063:Belgium
925:Honours
892:British
888:sulphur
865:Bourbon
823:Messina
789:Cilento
781:Salerno
766:Messina
764:and in
731:Palermo
721:in the
715:Portici
686:Liberal
634:Palermo
620:of the
594:Italian
520:Italian
423:
411:
407:
394:
378:
374:
337:Caserta
313:Palermo
210:to the
192:in the
151:.
90:scholar
2542:
2166:pp. 34
2073:". In
2058:
1612:(= 13)
1553:(= 12)
1283:Vienna
1229:Notes
1226:Death
1223:Birth
1179:
1122:
1081:
1060:
1039:
1004:
983:
937:
896:French
853:Naples
785:Naples
711:Naples
628:Family
556:Mother
546:Father
417:
384:
359:Spouse
347:Burial
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2544:Died:
2537:Born:
2489:, p.
2471:, p.
2451:[
2036:Notes
1856:(= 9)
1797:(= 8)
1220:Name
1213:Issue
1182:Spain
1007:Baden
808:Gaeta
535:House
514:Names
431:Issue
421:)
413:(
409:
392:)
380:(
376:
261:Reign
172:DeepL
97:JSTOR
83:books
2426:2019
2330:2020
2256:2020
1973:15.
1915:14.
1852:13.
1793:12.
1729:11.
1671:10.
1129:1851
1112:1821
1050:1832
1027:1853
1018:1853
994:1832
917:and
894:and
664:and
656:and
618:King
419:1837
390:1836
386:1832
323:Died
296:Born
186:must
184:You
165:View
69:news
2229:164
2131:498
2127:479
2123:471
2119:462
2115:457
1941:7.
1879:3.
1820:6.
1755:1.
1697:5.
1635:2.
1608:9.
1576:4.
1549:8.
1275:By
1236:By
174:or
52:by
2873::
2491:96
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2461:^
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2396:^
2384:.
2367:^
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2208:37
2170:47
2168:,
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2125:,
2121:,
2117:,
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1167:,
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1090:,
1086::
1069:,
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1016:,
1009::
992:,
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676:.
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600:;
596::
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335:,
315:,
311:,
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2231:.
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2191:.
2189:7
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592:(
304:)
300:(
221:.
214:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
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94:·
87:·
80:·
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46:.
23:.
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