741:, whose notaries were also calling Ferdinand's predecessor as king of León by the same title. In a royal Aragonese charter of 1036, before the Battle of Tamarón, Ramiro refers to his brother as "emperor in Castile and in León and in Astorga". A similarly-worded charter was issued in 1041 and again in 1061, where the order of kingdoms is reversed and Astorga ignored: "emperor in León and in Castile". The first use of the imperial style in a charter of his own, preserved in the cartulary of Arlanza, dates to the year 1056: "under the rule of the emperor King Ferdinand and the empress Queen Sancha ruling the kingdom in León and in Galicia as well as in Castile". On this basis, Ferdinand is sometimes said to have had himself crowned emperor in 1056.
2959:
459:
40:
2699:
754:
426:, which does not mention his father, but dates it to the time of "Fernando Sánchez bearing the county". Sancho's decision to name his son as count in Castile preserved its high degree of autonomy, although no Castilian document after 1028 is dated by the reign of Bermudo III nor is he ever named as king of León. The only sovereign whose regnal year was used was Sancho III, making Ferdinand the first count of Castile not to recognise the suzerainty of the king of León.
438:
issued by his brother Ramiro on 22 August 1036 at San Juan de la Peña was drawn while "emperor
Bermudo reigning in León and count Ferdinand in Castile, king García in Pamplona, king Ramiro in Aragon, and king Gonzalo in Ribagorza." Two private Castilian documents dated 1 January 1037 both express Ferdinand's continuing vassalage to the Leonese monarch explicitly, dating themselves by the reign of "king Bermudo and Ferdinand, count in his realms".
891:). In 1072, Alfonso, Fedinand's second son, referred to himself as "offspring of the Emperor Ferdinand". Two years later (1074), Urraca and Elvira referred to themselves as "daughters of the Emperor Ferdinand the Great ". In a later charter of 1087, Ferdinand is referred to first as "king", then as "great emperor", and finally just as "emperor" alongside his consort, who is first called "queen" then "empress".
863:. In giving them these territories, he expressed his desire that they respect his wishes and abide by the split. However, soon after Fernando's death, Sancho and Alfonso turned on García and defeated him. They then fought each other, the victorious Sancho reuniting their father's possessions under his control in 1072. However, Sancho was killed that same year and the territories passed to Alfonso.
375:, Ferdinand is listed after Gonzalo. Two of these are dated to 17 April 1014. If authentic, they place Ferdinand's birth before that date. Three further documents from Leire are among the only ones to place Ferdinand second among the legitimate sons, but they suffer from various anachronisms and interpolations. Two preserved diplomas of
922:, who in reality was a youth during Ferdinand's reign, declared a war on the pope, the emperor and the Frank, and the latter rescinded their demand. For this reason "Don Fernando was afterwards called ‘the Great’: the peer of an emperor". In the sixteenth century this account re-appeared, extended and elaborated, by
422:, dated 1 January 1030, explicitly lists Sancho as king in León (the overlord of Castile) and Ferdinand as count in Castile. The first indication that Ferdinand was independently reigning over Castile, or was at least recognised as count in his own right, is a charter of 1 November 1032 from the monastery of
437:
rivers went to
Castile as her dowry. After his father's death on 18 October 1035, Ferdinand continued to rule in Castile, but he was not, as many later authors have it, king of Castile. Contemporary documents stress his status as count and his relationship of vassalage to the king of León. A document
343:
There is some disagreement concerning the order of birth of Sancho III's sons, and of
Ferdinand's place among them. He was certainly a younger son, and he was probably born later than 1011, by which date his parents are known to have married. Most, and the most reliable, charters name Sancho's sons
937:
This story is generally regarded as apocryphal, although some modern authors have accepted it uncritically or seen a kernel of historical truth in it. Spanish historian A. Ballesteros argued that
Ferdinand adopted the title in opposition to Henry III's imperial pretensions. German historian E. E.
410:, King of León. In his role as feudal overlord, Sancho III of Navarre nominated his younger son Ferdinand, born to the deceased count's sister Muniadona, as count of Castile. Although Sancho was recognised as the ruler of Castile until his death, Ferdinand was granted the title "count" (
330:
over western Spain, his rise to preeminence among the
Christian rulers of the peninsula shifted the focus of power and culture westward after more than a century of Leonese decline. Nevertheless, "he internal consolidation of the realm of León–Castilla under Fernando el Magno and
418:, the capital of Castile, Óneca, aunt of the late García and queen Muniadona, formally adopted Sancho and Muniadona, making them her heirs. The record of the council is the first recorded instance of Ferdinand bearing the title of count. A later charter from the monastery of
386:, which Martínez Díez dates to 1154, but which other scholars dismiss as a late medieval concoction, lists García, Ferdinand and Gonzalo as Sancho III's sons by Muniadona in that order, but in the same passage mistakenly places Gonzalo's death before his father's.
379:
also put
Gonzalo ahead of him. On the basis of these documents, Gonzalo Martínez Díez places Ferdinand third of the known legitimate sons of Sancho III (Ramiro being a bastard born before Sancho's marriage to Muniadona), and his birth no earlier than 1015. The
744:
The imperial title was only used on one other occasion during his reign. A document of 1058 dates itself "in the time of the most serene prince Lord
Ferdinand and his consort Queen Sancha" and later qualifies him as "this emperor, the aforesaid Ferdinand".
827:, Ferdinand died on 24 December 1065, in León, with many manifestations of ardent piety, having laid aside his crown and royal mantle, dressed in the robe of a monk and lying on a bier covered with ashes, which was placed before the altar of the
2206:
He further suggested that the
Spanish reaction against Rome encouraged a later Castilian nationalist reaction against the Spanish "empire", cf. García Gallo 1945, 214, citing Menéndez Pidal 1929, I, 138 and 256–64, who completely rejects this
2108:
García Gallo 1045, 226 n. 73: "I, Urraca, daughter of King
Ferdinand ... to the reigning Emperor Alfonso son of Emperor Ferdinand the Great and Queen Sancha ... I, Urraca, daughter of that king and emperor Ferdinand and Empress Sancha"
279:
493:. Over the next decade, he gradually extended his control over more of the western territory of Navarre at the expense of Sancho IV, although this was accomplished peacefully and is only detectable in the documentary record.
1756:
Martínez Díez 2007, 152. Although all of these one contain anachronisms, they are not entirely worthless. They are: two dated 21 April 1028, one of 1030, and one from 5 April 1031, found in
Antonio Ubieto Arteta,
938:
Stengel believed the version found in Mariana on the grounds that the latter probably used the now lost acts of the Council of Florence. Juan Beneyto Pérez was willing to accept it as based on tradition and
2111:
Ego Urraca prolis Fredinandi regis ... Adefonso imperatore regnante Ferdenandi magni imperatores et Sancie regine filio ... Ego Urraca filia ejusdem regis et imperatoris Federnandi et Sancie imperatricis
524:
3178:
656:. Seville, and probably Badajoz also, paid a ransom for his withdrawal. This attack was probably also designed to remove Badajoz as a threat during his siege of Coimbra the next year.
605:
1798:
Domina Maior regina confirmat. Ranimirus proles regis confirmat. Garseanus frater eius confirmat. Gundisaluss frater eius confirmat. Ferdinandus frater eius confirmat.
820:
729:, seized control of Valencia, and the frightened emir of Zaragoza renewed his tribute payments to León. Ferdinand fell ill in November and returned to his kingdom.
1894:
regnante imperator Veremundo in Leione et comite Fredinando in Castella et rex Garsea in Pampilonia et rex Ranimirus in Aragone et rex Gundisalbus in Ripacorça
17:
441:
In a dispute over the territory between the Cea and Pisuerga, Ferdinand, nominally a vassal of Bermudo III, defeated and killed his suzerain at the
1772:
Sunt testes: Eximina regina et mater regis, regina dompna Maiora cum filiis suis dompno Garsia et Fredinando et Gundesalbo et fratre eorum Ranimiro
1733:
Ranimirus, proles regis, confirmat. Garseanus, frater eius, confirmat. Gundisaluus, frater eius, confirmat. Fernandus, germanus eius, confirmat.
445:
on 4 September 1037. Ferdinand took possession of León by right of his wife, and on 22 June 1038 had himself crowned and anointed king in León.
2364:
2074:("King Ferdinand with his consort Queen Sancha, the exceedingly strong emperor, likewise with his bishops ... besieged the city of Coimbra").
2904:
718:
544:
717:
but did not have the forces to take the city. During the retreat from the city he ambushed and defeated the pursuing forces of the emir
2589:
532:
2014:
This latter, from García Gallo 1945, 226 n. 71, reads "King Ramiro reigning in Aragon ... Ferdinand, emperor in León and in Castile" (
1809:
Martínez Díez 2007, 153. Two date to 21 October 1015 and another to 29 September 1023, found in Martín Duque 1983, docs. 17–18, 21.
398:, Count of Castile, was assassinated by a party of exiled Castilian noblemen as he was entering the church of John the Baptist in
2072:
rex Ferdinandus cum coniuge eius Sancia regina, imperator fortissimus, simul cum suis episcopis ... obsedit civitatem Colimbriam
737:
Ferdinand was first titled "emperor" not by himself or his own scribes, but by the notaries of his half-brother, the petty king
3163:
2029:
sub imperio imperatoris Fredinandi regis et Sancie regine imperatrice regnum regentes in Legione et in Gallecia vel in Castella
429:
Sancho III arranged for Ferdinand to marry García of Castile's intended bride, Sancha of León, in 1032. The lands between the
2264:
1986:
887:) when mentioning the siege of Coimbra. After his death, Ferdinand's children took to calling him "emperor" and "the great" (
600:. It is probable that Ferdinand already maintained close relations with the Toledan court, and was perhaps protector of the
2353:
844:
1923:
Facta carta conparationis die sabbato, ipsas kalnedas januarias, era TLXXV, rex Virimudo et Frenando comes in regnis suis
1386:
278:
906:
demanded a tribute from Ferdinand. In certain versions the pope is named Urban (although it could not have been either
690:
in its middle stretch on 25 July 1058 and then moving down towards the sea. It was "a long and grueling battle" before
368:, his wife Muniadona, her children, listed García, Ferdinand then Gonzalo, and their brother, the illegitimate Ramiro.
349:
323:
2975:
2748:
2283:
1906:
1783:
Martínez Díez 2007, 152. They are dated 21 October 1022, 26 December 1032, and 1033, found in Ángel J. Martín Duque,
1395:
353:
2943:
2725:
1652:
789:
2897:
872:
2938:
2720:
2225:(in Spanish) (4). Reprinted in “Historia de España”, Florentino Pérez Embid, ed. (Madrid: 1953). Madrid: 199–228.
805:
376:
575:
584:. Although probably originally meant to be temporary, Ferdinand managed to enforce the tribute until his death.
2582:
2439:
1424:
678:
between the coast, which had long been held by León, and the mountains. On 29 November 1057 his army conquered
395:
382:
141:
3099:
2871:
2135:
2131:
931:
310:
after defeating his brother-in-law in 1037. According to tradition, he was the first to have himself crowned
2948:
2730:
578:. The emir, up until then paying tribute to Sancho IV of Navarre, submitted to Ferdinand and agreed to pay
463:
3158:
1818:
Martínez Díez 2007, 152–53. They are both dated 1024, one to 17 May, and are found in José María Lacarra,
2890:
3183:
2913:
2543:
942:, the nineteenth-century student of the reign of Henry III, as being authentically transmitted via the
934:
urged Victor II to prohibit under severe penalties the use of the imperial title by Ferdinand of León.
2763:
1874:(" made ... these kalends of November, currently Era 1070 , Ferdinand of Sancho holding the county").
3188:
2575:
2313:
883:, probably written shortly after Ferdinand's death, extols him as the "exceedingly strong emperor" (
3000:
2772:
2598:
2383:
3015:
2985:
2787:
2653:
2618:
828:
695:
186:
2753:
2507:
2293:
2278:(in Spanish). 2 volumes. Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Cultura y Turismo.
1661:
767:
458:
419:
232:
111:
3072:
2844:
2663:
2628:
2529:
1052:
3035:
2807:
2688:
1433:
664:
Although the sources are unclear, it is possible that as early as 1055 Ferdinand attacked the
407:
361:
92:
3168:
3068:
3020:
2995:
2980:
2958:
2840:
2792:
2633:
2623:
2610:
1918:
879:
836:
372:
357:
315:
257:
2758:
2678:
2673:
2643:
559:. The success of the campaign was made possible by the preoccupation of the Zaragozan emir,
227:
102:
3173:
3053:
3010:
3005:
2825:
2782:
2777:
2456:
2160:
García Gallo 1945, 214, citing Menéndez Pidal 1929, I, 137–38, and López Ortiz 1942, 43–46.
1872:
Factum ... ipsas kalendas novembrii, era MLXX currente, Fredinando Sanzii comitatum gerente
1634:
1061:
832:
478:
423:
319:
267:
217:
151:
2683:
2648:
2005:("me, Ramiro, reigning ... and Ferdinand, emperor in Castile and in León and in Astorga").
1094:
617:
442:
8:
3119:
3109:
3081:
3063:
3043:
2853:
2835:
2815:
1845:
894:
In the fourteenth century a legend appeared in various chronicles according to which the
474:
2668:
2658:
2183:
Kaisertitel und Souveränitätsidee: Studien zur Vorgeschichte des modernen Staatsbegrifts
2003:
Regnante me Ranimiro ... et Fredelandus imperator in Castella et in Leione et in Astorga
1741:
in presencia de filios regis pernominatos Ranimirus, Garseanus, Gundesaluus, Fredinandus
365:
3114:
3104:
3058:
2990:
2917:
2830:
2127:
1377:
899:
840:
738:
726:
593:
571:
364:. One charter from Pamplona, dated 29 September 1023, is witnessed by Sancho's mother,
345:
115:
2925:
2707:
2638:
2602:
2410:
682:
and its valleys. Having secured the Duero, Ferdinand began to bring the valley of the
327:
247:
106:
39:
3137:
3091:
3077:
3048:
2863:
2849:
2820:
2375:
2349:
2321:
2301:
2279:
2260:
2243:
2226:
2197:(Madrid: 1942), 46–48, cited in García Gallo 1945, 226 n. 78; Steindorff 1881, 484ff.
2123:
1982:
1910:
824:
758:
722:
707:
638:
613:
560:
528:
513:
204:
1415:
403:
332:
197:
81:
3129:
3025:
2797:
2446:
2016:
Regnante Ramiro rege in Aragonie ... Fredelandus imperator in Leione et in Castella
1731:
Martínez Díez 2007, 152. They are, by date: 7 April 1014, albeit improperly dated (
1692:
Some sources give the feast of John the Baptist, 24 June, as the date of his death.
1625:
939:
856:
653:
649:
564:
508:
486:
311:
303:
212:
123:
2767:
2042:
in tempore serenissimi principis domni Fredinandi et ejus conjugis Sanciae reginae
1842:
regnante gratia Dei, principe nostro domno Sanctio et prolis eius Fredinando comes
948:. Menéndez Pidal accepted the account of Mariana, but placed it in the year 1065.
2185:(Weimar: 1939), 7–8, 11–13, 15–16, and 23, cited in García Gallo 1945, 226 n. 78.
1976:
923:
714:
597:
399:
2480:
2195:
España y el problema de Europa: contribución a la historia de la idea de imperio
307:
60:
2698:
1643:
915:
903:
860:
848:
831:. By his will, Ferdinand divided his kingdom among his three sons: the eldest,
222:
481:. Although Navarre at that time included the traditionally Castilian lands of
414:) and was prepared to succeed in Castile. On 7 July 1029, before a council in
175:
3152:
2379:
2305:
2230:
753:
683:
608:, was consecrated in León. In 1062, Ferdinand invaded the east of al-Mamun's
552:
2325:
2247:
852:
322:, and by his father's will recognised the supremacy of his eldest brother,
2334:
706:
In 1065, Ferdinand embarked on his last military campaign. He invaded the
592:
With al-Muqtadir sidelined as a threat, Ferdinand turned his attention to
477:
and reduced Navarre to a vassal state under his late brother's young son,
2473:
918:). Ferdinand was prepared to pay, but one of his vassals, later known as
670:
604:
community in Toledo. In 1058, the last known Mozarabic bishop of Toledo,
473:
On 15 September 1054, Ferdinand defeated his elder brother García at the
314:(1056), and his heirs carried on the tradition. He was a younger son of
2559:
2490:
548:
519:
through the upland valley of the eastern Duero in the highlands around
75:
2882:
2967:
2740:
944:
914:) and in other versions Victor (which is plausibly identifiable with
540:
536:
430:
335:(1037–1065) is a history that remains to be researched and written."
2362:
2567:
927:
911:
601:
556:
434:
2276:
El Condado de Castilla (711-1038): la historia frente a la leyenda
482:
2346:
Castilla y León en el siglo XI, estudio del reinado de Fernando I
2238:
López Ortiz, Jose (1942). "Las ideas imperiales en el medioevo".
1978:
Castilla y León en el siglo XI: estudio del reinado de Fernando I
1905:
In the first Rodrigo Téllez, on the occasion of his entering the
1861:(" reigning king Sancho in León and count Ferdinand in Castile").
907:
691:
242:
2363:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (2000–2002).
1917:). The second was issued by Ferdinand's great aunt, the Abbess
919:
679:
580:
490:
415:
2344:
Sánchez Candeira, Alfonso (1999). Rosa Montero Tejada (ed.).
2336:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109
2221:
García Gallo, Alfonso (1945). "El imperio medieval español".
2122:
García Gallo 1945, 213–14. The most likely king of France is
1859:
regnante rex Sancio in Legione et comite Fernando in Castella
687:
675:
644:
620:. After seeing his country plundered, al-Mamun agreed to pay
520:
360:
list them in this way, as well as four from the monastery of
3179:
Burials in the Royal Pantheon at the Basilica of San Isidoro
2066:
García Gallo 1945, 213 and 226 n. 74, partially quotes the
1848:, the prince our lord Sancho and his son count Ferdinand").
1745:
Colección diplomática de la catedral de Pamplona (829–1243)
895:
2097:
Ego Urraka et Giluira, Fredinandi imperatoris magni filie
1981:(in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia. p. 187.
694:, at the mouth of the Mondego, was taken on 25 July 1064
2173:, 40 (1919): 473, cited in García Gallo 1945, 226 n. 78.
326:. While Ferdinand inaugurated the rule of the Navarrese
2372:
Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Medieval
2046:
perrexerunt ad ipsum imperatorem jam dictum Fredenandum
1737:
Garsias et Ranimirus, Gundesalbus et Fernandus, testes.
2149:
fué llamado Don Fernando el Magno: el par de emperador
2296:(1954). "La división del reino por Sancho el Mayor".
54:
From an illumination in a contemporary book of hours.
2348:(in Spanish). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia.
627:
2085:Ego Adefonsus regis, prolis Fredinandi ymperatoris
847:. Ferdinand's two daughters each received cities:
469:, commissioned by Ferdinand and Sancha, circa 1047
2257:Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus
1785:Documentación medieval de Leire (siglos IX a XII)
3150:
2343:
1974:
2312:
2292:
1915:rex Vermudo et Fredinando comes in regnis suis
843:was carved off to create a separate state for
2898:
2583:
2273:
2259:(in Spanish). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia.
2254:
1820:Colección diplomática de Irache, I (958–1222)
1688:
1686:
1684:
570:and defending his northeastern frontier from
389:
2220:
496:
2237:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1913:to the monastery (Martínez Díez 2007, 182:
1718:
1716:
356:, then Ferdinand. Three documents from the
2905:
2891:
2590:
2576:
2320:(in Spanish). Madrid: Editorial Plutarco.
1935:
1933:
1931:
1761:, I (Valencia: 1962), docs. 47–48, 51, 56.
1681:
839:, León; and from the latter the region of
674:was an invasion of the lower basin of the
668:of Badajoz. His first serious campaign of
659:
338:
52:) receive a book of hours from its scribe.
38:
2171:Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
489:, Ferdinand demanded the cession only of
453:
448:
27:King of León (c.1015-1065) (r. 1037-1065)
2339:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1954:
1942:
1713:
926:, who wrote that in 1055, at a synod in
866:
752:
719:Abd al-Malik ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Muẓaffar
636:, Ferdinand organised a "great raid, or
462:"Harvest of grain and grapes", from the
457:
173:24 December 1065 (aged 49–50)
2912:
2300:(in Spanish) (54). Madrid: CSIC: 3–26.
2130:also fits. The Emperor would have been
1928:
814: Zaragoza, owing tribute to Sancho
748:
632:In 1063, using the new income from his
394:Ferdinand was barely in his teens when
306:from his uncle's death in 1029 and the
14:
3151:
2332:
2298:Hispania: Revista española de historia
2040:García Gallo 1945, 213 and 226 n. 72:
2027:García Gallo 1945, 213 and 226 n. 72:
1695:
798: Toledo, owing tribute to Alfonso
782: Seville, owing tribute to Garcia
776: Badajoz, owing tribute to Garcia
371:In five documents of the monastery of
2886:
2571:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1564:
1562:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1196:
1134:
1122:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1010:
1008:
1006:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
2597:
1800:, in Martín Duque 1983, docs. 15–16.
1796:Martínez Díez 2007, 152. They read:
757:Political situation in the Northern
701:
501:
1787:(Pamplona: 1983), docs. 20, 23, 24.
1743:), found in Jaime Goñi Gaztambide,
732:
535:, and afterwards proceeded through
24:
1975:Sánchez Candeira, Alfonso (1999).
587:
25:
3200:
2242:(in Spanish) (6). Madrid: 43–70.
1907:Monastery of San Pedro de Arlanza
1759:Cartulario de San Juan de la Peña
1747:(Pamplona: 1997), docs. 5, 7, 12.
628:Great raid on Badajoz and Seville
563:, with attacking the neighboring
294:1015 – 24 December 1065), called
2957:
2697:
1774:in Goñi Gaztambide 1997, doc. 8.
873:Crucifix of Ferdinand and Sancha
835:, received Castile; the second,
686:under his control, first taking
523:. He captured the fortresses of
277:
2274:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005).
2255:Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007).
2213:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2163:
2154:
2141:
2116:
2102:
2099:(García Gallo 1045, 226 n. 73).
2090:
2077:
2060:
2051:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1968:
1899:
1886:
1877:
1864:
1851:
1834:
1825:
1812:
576:Raymond Berengar I of Barcelona
18:Ferdinand I of León and Castile
2083:García Gallo 1045, 226 n. 73:
2001:García Gallo 1945, 226 n. 70:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1750:
1725:
951:
819:After becoming ill during the
13:
1:
3164:11th-century Leonese monarchs
1909:, donated his inheritance in
1822:(Zaragoza: 1965), docs. 2, 4.
1675:
402:, where he had gone to marry
377:Santa María la Real de Irache
324:García Sánchez III of Navarre
291:
2374:(in Spanish) (13): 343–360.
725:. The emir's father-in-law,
7:
2333:Reilly, Bernard F. (1988).
1883:Martínez Díez 2007, 150–51.
1722:Martínez Díez 2007, 151–53.
10:
3205:
2134:, or possibly his father,
1925:(Martínez Díez 2007, 182).
870:
721:late in the autumn at the
506:In 1060, according to the
390:Count of Castile (1029–37)
3128:
3090:
3034:
2966:
2955:
2924:
2862:
2806:
2739:
2706:
2695:
2609:
2551:
2534:
2521:
2504:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2453:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2404:
1892:Martínez Díez 2007, 182:
1870:Martínez Díez 2007, 150:
1857:Martínez Díez 2007, 150:
1840:Martínez Díez 2007, 150:
1770:Martínez Díez 2007, 152:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1490:
1488:
1454:
1452:
1439:
1421:
1412:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1089:
1087:
1058:
1049:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1004:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
594:Yahya ibn Ismail al-Mamun
497:Relations with al-Andalus
383:Crónica de Alaón renovada
273:
263:
253:
241:
203:
193:
181:
169:
161:
157:
147:
137:
129:
122:
98:
88:
74:
66:
59:
37:
32:
2147:García Gallo 1945, 214:
512:, Ferdinand invaded the
1831:Martínez Díez 2007, 84.
1387:García Sánchez III
829:Basilica of San Isidoro
696:after a six-month siege
660:Reconquests in Portugal
339:Date and order of birth
187:Basilica of San Isidoro
48:) and his wife Sancha (
2530:Sancho III of Pamplona
816:
470:
454:Relations with Navarre
449:King of León (1037–65)
213:Urraca, Lady of Zamora
2537:— TITULAR —
2314:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón
2294:Pérez de Urbel, Justo
1919:Urraca of Covarrubias
1409:of Castile & León
885:imperator fortissimus
880:Chronicon complutense
867:Posthumous reputation
756:
525:San Esteban de Gormaz
461:
373:San Salvador de Leire
358:Cathedral of Pamplona
316:Sancho III of Navarre
258:Sancho III of Navarre
2544:Emperor of All Spain
2406:Ferdinand I of León
1735:); 21 October 1022 (
808:´s domains (Castile)
770:´s domains (Galicia)
749:Death and succession
624:and Ferdinand left.
424:San Pedro de Arlanza
420:San Pedro de Cardeña
320:Muniadona of Castile
268:Muniadona of Castile
233:García II of Galicia
223:Elvira, Lady of Toro
218:Sancho II of Castile
3036:House of Trastámara
2808:House of Trastámara
2611:Astur-Leonese house
2365:"El linaje del Cid"
1965:Reilly 1988, 11–12.
1951:Reilly 1988, 10–11.
1846:by the grace of God
602:Mozarabic Christian
475:Battle of Atapuerca
362:San Juan de la Peña
2556:Title next held by
2526:Title last held by
2514:as King of Galicia
2463:as King of Castile
1939:Reilly 1988, 9–10.
900:Holy Roman emperor
817:
739:Ramiro I of Aragon
727:al-Mamun of Toledo
713:and laid siege to
572:Ramiro I of Aragon
471:
228:Alfonso VI of León
3184:Counts of Castile
3146:
3145:
3092:House of Habsburg
2968:House of Burgundy
2880:
2879:
2864:House of Habsburg
2741:House of Burgundy
2566:
2565:
2539:
2517:
2505:Succeeded by
2500:
2488:Succeeded by
2466:
2454:Succeeded by
2318:La España del Cid
2266:978-84-96467-47-7
1988:978-84-89512-41-2
1710:Reilly 1988, 7–8.
1673:
1672:
932:Emperor Henry III
825:Battle of Paterna
821:Siege of Valencia
792:´s domains (León)
759:Iberian Peninsula
723:Battle of Paterna
702:War with Valencia
618:Alcalá de Henares
561:Ahmad al-Muqtadir
551:that lay between
502:War with Zaragoza
443:Battle of Tamarón
285:
284:
16:(Redirected from
3196:
3189:Sons of emperors
3159:House of Jiménez
3130:House of Bourbon
2961:
2926:House of Jiménez
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2708:House of Jiménez
2701:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2535:
2511:
2494:
2471:Preceded by
2460:
2447:Count of Castile
2437:Preceded by
2427:
2426:24 December 1065
2420:
2411:House of Jiménez
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2388:
2382:. Archived from
2369:
2359:
2355:978-84-8951241-2
2340:
2329:
2309:
2289:
2270:
2251:
2240:Revista Escorial
2234:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2120:
2114:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:Reilly 1988, 13.
2055:
2049:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1952:
1949:
1940:
1937:
1926:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1693:
1690:
1434:Bermudo III
1407:Ferdinand I
956:
955:
940:Ernst Steindorff
813:
803:
797:
787:
781:
775:
765:
733:Emperor of Spain
509:Historia silense
479:Sancho García IV
366:Jimena Fernández
312:Emperor of Spain
304:count of Castile
293:
281:
124:Count of Castile
42:
30:
29:
21:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3124:
3086:
3030:
2962:
2953:
2920:
2911:
2881:
2876:
2858:
2802:
2735:
2702:
2693:
2639:Alfonso Fróilaz
2605:
2596:
2557:
2548:
2540:
2527:
2510:
2497:as King of León
2493:
2484:
2476:
2459:
2450:
2442:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2367:
2356:
2286:
2267:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2142:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1938:
1929:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1852:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1751:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1696:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1663:
1654:
1653:Alfonso VI
1645:
1636:
1627:
1443:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1096:
1063:
1054:
1053:Sancho III
1046:
954:
924:Juan de Mariana
875:
869:
815:
811:
809:
801:
799:
795:
793:
785:
783:
779:
777:
773:
771:
763:
751:
735:
715:the city itself
704:
662:
630:
590:
588:War with Toledo
504:
499:
456:
451:
392:
341:
328:Jiménez dynasty
237:
189:
174:
133:1029–1065
110:
70:1037–1065
55:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3202:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2489:
2486:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2455:
2452:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:Regnal titles
2429:
2428:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2360:
2354:
2341:
2330:
2310:
2290:
2284:
2271:
2265:
2252:
2235:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2162:
2153:
2140:
2115:
2101:
2089:
2076:
2059:
2050:
2033:
2020:
2007:
1994:
1987:
1967:
1953:
1941:
1927:
1898:
1885:
1876:
1863:
1850:
1833:
1824:
1811:
1802:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1749:
1724:
1712:
1694:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:García II
1659:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1635:Sancho II
1632:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1425:García Sánchez
1422:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:Alfonso V
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
953:
950:
904:king of France
868:
865:
810:
800:
794:
784:
778:
772:
762:
750:
747:
734:
731:
703:
700:
661:
658:
629:
626:
616:and besieging
598:emir of Toledo
589:
586:
547:as far as the
503:
500:
498:
495:
455:
452:
450:
447:
396:García Sánchez
391:
388:
340:
337:
283:
282:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
245:
239:
238:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
209:
207:
201:
200:
198:Sancha of León
195:
191:
190:
185:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
120:
119:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:22 June 1038 (
78:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Ferdinand III
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Ferdinand III
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2389:on 2013-10-17
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31:
19:
3169:1010s births
3016:Ferdinand IV
2986:Alfonso VIII
2933:
2788:Ferdinand IV
2754:Ferdinand II
2715:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2496:
2495:
2481:King of León
2479:
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2423:
2416:
2409:
2391:. Retrieved
2384:the original
2371:
2345:
2335:
2317:
2297:
2275:
2256:
2239:
2222:
2214:Bibliography
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2194:
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2104:
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2015:
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1997:
1977:
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1893:
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1853:
1844:(" reigning
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406:, sister of
393:
381:
370:
342:
308:king of León
299:
295:
287:
286:
61:King of León
49:
45:
3174:1065 deaths
3073:Ferdinand V
2976:Alfonso VII
2934:Ferdinand I
2845:Ferdinand V
2749:Alfonso VII
2716:Ferdinand I
2689:Bermudo III
2619:Alfonso III
2474:Bermudo III
2126:, although
1444:of Pamplona
1398:of Sobrarbe
1389:of Pamplona
1055:of Pamplona
952:Family tree
711:of Valencia
671:Reconquista
642:" into the
517:of Zaragoza
467:de Facundus
408:Bermudo III
302:), was the
288:Ferdinand I
138:Predecessor
93:Bermudo III
89:Predecessor
44:Ferdinand (
33:Ferdinand I
3153:Categories
3120:Charles II
3110:Philip III
3069:Isabella I
3021:Alfonso XI
2996:Berengaria
2981:Sancho III
2944:Alfonso VI
2841:Isabella I
2793:Alfonso XI
2759:Alfonso IX
2726:Alfonso VI
2679:Bermudo II
2674:Ramiro III
2654:Ordoño III
2644:Alfonso IV
2560:Alfonso VI
2549:1056–1065
2491:Alfonso VI
2485:1037–1065
2451:1029–1065
2419:circa 1015
2393:2016-07-11
2070:′s entry:
1676:References
1664:of Galicia
1637:of Castile
1427:of Castile
1064:of Castile
1062:Muniadomna
902:, and the
871:See also:
790:Alfonso VI
568:of Tortosa
549:Roman road
103:Alfonso VI
76:Coronation
3115:Philip IV
3105:Philip II
3100:Charles I
3054:Henry III
3011:Sancho IV
3006:Alfonso X
2939:Sancho II
2872:Charles I
2826:Henry III
2783:Sancho IV
2778:Alfonso X
2721:Sancho II
2684:Alfonso V
2664:Ordoño IV
2649:Ramiro II
2634:Fruela II
2629:Ordoño II
2508:García II
2457:Sancho II
2440:García II
2380:0212-2480
2306:0018-2141
2231:0210-1963
2136:Conrad II
2132:Henry III
2068:Chronicon
1911:Jaramillo
1628:of Zamora
1380:of Aragon
945:romancero
916:Victor II
806:Sancho II
768:Garcia II
614:Talamanca
612:, taking
545:Santamara
541:Huermeces
537:Santiuste
296:the Great
274:Signature
152:Sancho II
148:Successor
142:García II
112:García II
99:Successor
3138:Philip V
3082:Philip I
3064:Henry IV
3044:Henry II
2914:Monarchs
2854:Philip I
2836:Henry IV
2816:Henry II
2669:Sancho I
2659:Sancho I
2624:García I
2599:Monarchs
2316:(1929).
2128:Philip I
1047:of Aybar
928:Florence
912:Urban II
859:that of
851:that of
823:and the
557:Zaragoza
533:Vadorrey
529:Berlanga
487:La Rioja
435:Pisuerga
300:el Magno
3059:John II
2991:Henry I
2918:Castile
2831:John II
2326:1413407
2248:6192204
2207:thesis.
2124:Henry I
1655:of León
1646:of Toro
1436:of León
1418:of León
1396:Gonzalo
1097:of León
908:Urban I
841:Galicia
837:Alfonso
692:Coimbra
684:Mondego
654:Badajoz
650:Seville
606:Pascual
354:Gonzalo
248:Jiménez
243:Dynasty
194:Consort
165:c. 1015
116:Galicia
3080:&
3078:Joanna
3071:&
3049:John I
2949:Urraca
2852:&
2850:Joanna
2843:&
2821:John I
2766:&
2764:Sancha
2731:Urraca
2553:Vacant
2523:Vacant
2422:
2378:
2352:
2324:
2304:
2282:
2263:
2246:
2229:
1985:
1644:Elvira
1626:Urraca
1442:Jimena
1416:Sancha
1045:Sancha
930:, the
920:El Cid
898:, the
889:magnus
861:Zamora
857:Urraca
849:Elvira
845:García
833:Sancho
812:
804:
802:
796:
788:
786:
780:
774:
766:
764:
680:Lamego
645:taifas
639:razzia
634:parias
622:parias
581:parias
553:Toledo
491:Bureba
465:Beatus
416:Burgos
404:Sancha
350:García
346:Ramiro
333:Sancha
264:Mother
254:Father
182:Burial
3026:Peter
2798:Peter
2768:Dulce
2424:Died:
2417:Born:
2387:(PDF)
2368:(PDF)
2223:Arbor
709:taifa
688:Viseu
676:Duero
666:taifa
610:taifa
566:taifa
521:Soria
515:taifa
483:Álava
412:comes
205:Issue
130:Reign
67:Reign
50:right
2603:León
2376:ISSN
2350:ISBN
2322:OCLC
2302:ISSN
2280:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2244:OCLC
2227:ISSN
2044:and
1983:ISBN
896:pope
877:The
855:and
853:Toro
652:and
574:and
555:and
543:and
531:and
485:and
433:and
400:León
318:and
176:León
170:Died
162:Born
107:León
82:León
46:left
2916:of
2601:of
2169:In
910:or
648:of
431:Cea
3155::
2370:.
2113:).
2018:).
1956:^
1944:^
1930:^
1715:^
1697:^
1683:^
698:.
596:,
539:,
527:,
352:,
348:,
292:c.
2906:e
2899:t
2892:v
2591:e
2584:t
2577:v
2396:.
2358:.
2328:.
2308:.
2288:.
2269:.
2250:.
2233:.
2151:.
2138:.
2109:(
2087:.
2048:.
2031:.
1991:.
1896:.
298:(
290:(
118:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
84:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
