1452:
petition to elected representatives to reopen
Fermilab." The petition stated that: "The access policy changes undermine critical aspects of the scientific process as well as the basic functioning of Fermilab. Hosting research meetings, interviewing prospective employees, collaborating with scientists outside the lab, and enacting our famously impactful education programs have all been hindered." With respect to the general public, the petition stated: "Today, the general public is only permitted to access the main road, and with ID requirements that are becoming increasingly stringent, soon its doors will be closed to tourists and even to some immigrants. We can no longer drive or bike around the premises freely. The dog park, Wilson Hall with its exhibits on the top floor, and other areas are no longer generally accessible. Fishing and other activities open to the public have been canceled." The petition emphatically requested that access policies be reverted to the open laboratory model that governed the laboratory prior to 2020.
1427:
solicit and award a new M&O contract that will result in improved contractor performance and efficiencies at FNAL. DOE expects that this competition will elicit new and innovative approaches for planning the
Laboratory's future." At an informational meeting for potential bidders on March 1, 2023, the presentation slides expanded upon issues under "Major Challenges/Risks" including highlighting the concern: "The Laboratory continues to have challenges in Financial Management and Acquisition Management. Audits repeatedly highlight the same deficiencies and control failures year after year. Any corrective actions implemented have resulted in little to no progress. Significant procurement issues have hindered the laboratory's ability to successfully deliver efficient and effective business systems/resources to enable the Science Mission. Substantial concerns remain regarding the ability to expend Government funds in an effective, efficient, and compliant manner."
1208:
1347:, head of the PIP II project. On March 31, 2022, James Siegrist, associate director for High Energy Physics in the Department of Energy Office of Science, who had overseen the response to the P5 report, stepped down. In September 2022, it was announced that deputy director for Research Joseph Lykken would step down, to be replaced by Yale Professor Bonnie Fleming, who previously served as Deputy Chief Research Officer for the neutrino program at Fermilab. Regina (Gina) Rameika joined the DOE's Office of Science as the associate director for the Office of High Energy Physics in his place on November 7, 2022, moving from her role as spokesperson of the DUNE Experiment.
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363:(URA); although in 2023, the Department of Energy (DOE) opened bidding for a new contractor due to concerns about the FRA performance. On July 15, 2024, during the bidding process for the new contract, "whistleblowers" published very serious allegations against FRA management on a public physics preprint server. The detailed 108 page report accused the FRA of cover-up of cases of sexual harassment, attacks by employees, guns brought to site, and a major equipment failure. There has been no public response by the FRA or Fermilab Leadership since the appearance of the report.
401:
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912:). The LPC offers a vibrant community of CMS scientists from the US and plays a major role in the CMS detector commissioning, and in the design and development of the detector upgrade. Fermilab is the host laboratory for USCMS, which includes researchers from 50 U.S. universities including 715 students. Fermilab hosts the largest CMS Tier 1 computing center, handling approximately 40% of global CMS Tier 1 computing requests. On February 9, 2022, Fermilab's
736:
project is to refurbish and replace 40 year-old
Booster cavities. Many cavities have been refurbished and tested to operate at 15 Hz. The completion of cavity refurbishment is expected in 2015, after which the repetition rate can be gradually increased to 15 Hz operation. A longer term upgrade is to replace the Booster cavities with a new design. The research and development of the new cavities is underway, with replacement expected in 2018.
38:
761:
the Linac to inject to the
Booster with 800 MeV. The first option considered was to add 400 MeV "afterburner" superconducting Linac at the tail end of the existing 400 MeV. This would have required moving the existing Linac up 50 metres (160 ft). However, there were many technical issues with this approach. Instead, Fermilab is building a new 800 MeV superconducting Linac to inject to the Booster ring.
29:
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162.5 MHz and energy increasing from 0.03 MeV. The first segment of Linac will be operated at 162.5 MHz and energy increased up to 11 MeV. The second segment of Linac will be operated at 325 MHz and energy increased up to 177 MeV. The last segment of linac will be operated at 650 MHz and will have the final energy level of 800 MeV.
1075:. The measurements DUNE will make are expected to greatly increase the physics community's understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe, thereby better elucidating the nature of matter and anti-matter. It will send the world's highest-intensity neutrino beam to a near detector on the Fermilab site and the far detector 800 miles (1300 km) away at SURF.
1065:
decision by the
Department of Energy Office of Science to phase the experiment. Phase I would consist of two modules, to be completed in 2028–29, and the beamline, to be completed in 2032. The installation of phase II, the remaining two far detector modules, is not yet planned and will be at a cost above the $ 3B estimate for phase I.
1418:
2024, Fermilab
Director Lia Merminga issued a terse response to concerned scientists, saying: "The document asserts various challenges at Fermilab, some of which are inaccurate, and others of which has been working hard to address for some time." At an All Hands Meeting, Merminga also told scientific staff to "stop whining.”
1608:
particular, tritium produced in the NuMI beamline that send neutrinos to experiments in
Minnesota has been pumped into the industrial water cooling system that is used for equipment across the Fermilab campus. As a result, it is concluded that now "tritium contamination is largely throughout the research complex."
1456:
non-public information"---reasoning that conflicts with the petition that points out that the lab is fully tax-payer funded, does no classified research, and has a government mandate to publish all of its scientific results. Further coverage of the petition and the management response appeared in the magazines
1367:, the furloughs apparently stemmed from poorly managed growth: "from 2022 to 2023 alone, grew by 176 members, or 9%, to 2160." Tracy Marc, head of Fermilab's media services, told WTTW News that, despite the closure, "the overall financial health of the laboratory remains intact and is being managed".
1318:
Even smaller experiments, below the cost-level of individual P5 approval, that were proposed at the time of the 2014 P5 suffered considerable delay. The Short-Baseline Near
Detector (SBND) that was proposed in 2014 with a $ 10M cost scale was originally scheduled for data taking in spring 2018, but
1064:
According to the 2016 Conceptual Design Report, the first two modules were expected to be complete in 2024, with the beam operational in 2026. The final modules were planned to be operational in 2027. In 2022, the cost for two far detector modules and the beam, alone, had risen to $ 3B. This led to a
557:
The next stage of acceleration is a linear particle accelerator (linac). This stage consists of two segments. The first segment has five drift tube cavities, operating at 201 MHz. The second stage has seven side-coupled cavities, operating at 805 MHz. At the end of linac, the particles
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to the site, a bull and four cows, and an additional 21 were provided by the
Illinois Department of Conservation. Some fearful locals believed at first that the bison were introduced in order to serve as an alarm if and when radiation at the laboratory reached dangerous levels, but they were assured
1362:
Due to a 2024 FY budget shortfall, Fermilab announced furlough of employees and closure of its operations and public access for one week in August---an action that added to the considerable strife at the laboratory. The need for a furlough was surprising since the budget grew "a hefty 7.6% to $ 739
1350:
Although these replacements represent a substantial turn-over of the top ranks, the new management was drawn from the 2014-2022 management team and
Fermilab has continued to suffer turmoil since this change-over. In particular, new issues arose with regard to safety and access of employees, visitors
768:
near the Booster ring in order to take advantage of existing electrical and water, and cryogenic infrastructure. The PIP-II Linac will have low energy beam transport line (LEBT), radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and medium energy beam transport line (MEBT) operated at the room temperature at with a
735:
drive system which was acceptable for 7 Hz but not 15 Hz operation. A demonstration project in 2004 converted one of the stations to solid state drive before the PIP project. As part of the project, the remaining stations were converted to solid state in 2013. Another major part of the PIP
537:
gas. The gas is introduced into a container lined with molybdenum electrodes, each a matchbox-sized, oval-shaped cathode and a surrounding anode, separated by 1 mm and held in place by glass ceramic insulators. A magnetron generates a plasma to form the ions near the metal surface. The ions are
1330:
Also, in 2020, the high-energy physics community expressed concern that the cost of major projects at Fermilab have led to diversion of funds from the high-energy physics core research program, harming the health of the field. Congress increased the annual HEP budget from less than $ 800 million by
725:
The overall goals of PIP are to increase the repetition rate of the Booster beam from 7 Hz to 15 Hz and replace old hardware to increase reliability of the operation. Before the start of the PIP project, a replacement of the pre-accelerator injector was underway. The replacement of almost
1451:
In the late 2010s and early 2020s, the management of Fermilab began to introduce severe restrictions on access to the Fermilab site by the public and by scientists. By spring 2023, the restrictions had become so onerous that more than 2500 physicists and visitors to the laboratory signed an "open
1417:
The report was delivered to the deputy director for Operations of the DOE Office of Science Dr. Juston Fontaine and the DOE Under Secretary for Science and Innovation Geraldine Richmond in June 2024. It was released to the public one month later, after DOE officials did not respond. On July 29,
1358:
On September 1, 2023, Chief Research Officer Bonnie Fleming announced that the Fermilab accelerator system was temporarily shut down for safety reasons. On September 9, 2022, DOE issued order DOE O 420.2D entitled "Safety of Accelerators". This document establishes the accelerator-specific safety
1354:
On May 25, 2023, a contractor fell 23 ft while attempting to secure reinforcing bars on a wall for the new PIP II project site. The contactor was air-lifted to hospital in an accident considered the worst on site in decades. A DOE-appointed Accident Investigation Board concluded that the incident
760:
target at 120 GeV and the power near 1 MW at 60 GeV with a possibility to extend the power to 2 MW in the future. The plan should also support the current 8 GeV experiments including Mu2e, Muon g−2, and other short-baseline neutrino experiments. These require an upgrade to
730:
to RFQ started in 2009 and completed in 2012. At the Linac stage, the analog beam position monitor (BPM) modules were replaced with digital boards in 2013. A replacement of Linac vacuum pumps and related hardware is expected to be completed in 2015. A study on the replacement of 201 MHz drift
1607:
At an informational meeting for potential bidders for the management contract, held on March 1, 2023, the presentation slides indicated that although the rate of tritium leaving site is below the required standards, there is sufficient tritium contamination on site to represent a "challenge". In
1322:
The Department of Energy raised flags as early as Fiscal Year (FY) 2019. Each year, the US Department of Energy Office of Science reviews and grades the national laboratories in its portfolio on eight performance metrics. Fermilab has received the lowest grades among the national laboratories in
1447:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (aka Fermilab) was founded in 1967 as an open science research laboratory, and, to this day, does not conduct classified research. The initial plans called for Fermilab to employ a guard force "...to control movement of personnel onto the site when tests are
1426:
In view of the many issues facing the laboratory, in January 2023, the DOE announced a two-year process to rebid the contract for the management of the laboratory due to the performance issues. The DOE announcement of the competition explained: "the purpose of this contract competition is to
573:
The resulting protons then enter the booster ring, a 468 m (1,535 ft) circumference circular accelerator whose magnets bend beams of protons around a circular path. The protons travel around the Booster about 20,000 times in 33 milliseconds, adding energy with each revolution
1455:
In May 2023, Director Lia Merminga posted a response to the petition on the Fermilab website, noting that some areas on site remain open to the public during specific hours with ID access requirements. Merminga's response justifies the new restrictions because the lab "manage a large amount of
1359:
requirements for DOE-funded accelerators and their operations. Fermilab management had one year to comply with the order, but did not meet the requirements in that timeframe. The Fermilab Main Accelerator resumed running after the DOE O 420.2D implementation was complete, in late spring, 2024.
919:
During this time-frame, the laboratory also established a new program in research in cutting-edge information science, including the development of quantum teleportation technology for the quantum internet and increasing the lifetime of superconducting resonators for use in quantum computers.
589:
The final acceleration is applied by the Main Injector , which is the smaller of the two rings in the last picture below (foreground). Completed in 1999, it has become Fermilab's "particle switchyard" in that it can route protons to any of the experiments installed along the beam lines after
1408:
and the fact that the claimant had submitted a complaint to Fermilab which took no action appears in court documents. A recurring comment by scientists to the press that supports concerns in the report is fear of retribution by Fermilab leadership if concerns are raised. In order for the
430:, under whom the laboratory opened ahead of time and under budget. Many of the sculptures on the site are of his creation. He is the namesake of the site's high-rise laboratory building, whose unique shape has become the symbol for Fermilab and which is the center of activity on the campus.
1061:(SURF), in Lead, SD, is the site selected to house the massive far detector. The term "baseline" refers to the distance between the neutrino source and the detector. The far detector current design is for four modules of instrumented liquid argon with a fiducial volume of 10 kilotons each.
1399:
The report also recounted a litany of complaints concerning day-to-day running of the laboratory that have been reported in this article, above, as well as a new claim of "PIP-II contingency overruns within one year from CD3 approval" that could potentially impact the LBNF/DUNE program.
378:(LHC); it serves as a Tier 1 site in the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. Fermilab also pursues research in quantum information science. It founded the Fermilab Quantum Institute in 2019. Since 2020, it also is home to the SQMS (Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems) Center.
772:
As of 2022, the estimated PIP-II accelerator start date for the accelerator is 2028. The project was approved for construction in April 2022 with an expected cost to the Department of Energy of $ 978M and with an additional $ 330M in contributions from international partners.
1262:
In August 2023, the Fermilab group said they may be getting closer to proving the existence of a new force of nature. They have found more evidence that sub-atomic particles, called muons, are not behaving in the way predicted by the current theory of sub-atomic physics.
1448:
being conducted" as noted in the December 1971 Environmental Statement and "..to enforce the site boundary". Early leadership moved toward greater public openness allowing for ease of scientific collaboration and public enjoyment to include the relocated bison heard.
1403:
For credibility, the report provided detailed eye-witness accounts to support the allegations. Beyond that, some information has been previously publicly reported. For example, the first allegation concerning an egregious case of sexual harassment was reported in
1950:
1185:. Measurements of the electron are in excellent agreement with this computation. The Brookhaven experiment did this measurement for muons, a much more technically difficult measurement due to their short lifetime, and detected a tantalizing, but not definitive,
1355:
was preventable and "recommended a long list of managerial and safety controls needed to prevent a recurrence of such an accident." As a result of the accident, the $ 1B PIP II project that is crucial for the success of the DUNE Experiment has been delayed.
716:
Recognizing higher demands of proton beams to support new experiments, Fermilab began to improve their accelerators in 2011. Expected to continue for many years, the project has two phases: Proton Improvement Plan (PIP) and Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II).
293:. The accelerator complex that feeds the Main Injector is under upgrade, and construction of the first building for the new PIP-II linear accelerator began in 2020. Until 2011, Fermilab was the home of the 6.28 km (3.90 mi) circumference
1413:
twice. His standing in the community lends additional credibility to the report. A second signed letter of support from William Barletta of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was also included with the report uploaded to the arXiv.
731:
tubes is still ongoing. At the boosting stage, a major component of the PIP is to upgrade the Booster ring to 15 Hz operation. The Booster has 19 radio frequency stations. Originally, the Booster stations were operating without
509:, the first accelerator to reach one "tera-electron-volt" energy. At 3.9 miles (6.3 km), it was the world's fourth-largest particle accelerator in circumference. One of its most important achievements was the 1995 discovery of the
1604:. Tritium levels measured on site are low compared to federal health and environmental standards. Fermilab monitors tritium leaving the site in surface and sewer water, and provides an FAQ sheet for those who want to learn more.
1409:
whistleblowers to remain anonymous, the report was uploaded to the arXiv preprint server by Giorgio Bellettini, who is a respected leader in the field of particle physics, having served as spokesman of the collaboration for the
680:
1487:
Fermilab's first director, Robert Wilson, insisted that the site's aesthetic complexion not be marred by a collection of concrete block buildings. The design of the administrative building (Wilson Hall) was inspired by
3682:"Finding From Particle Research Could Break Known Laws of Physics - It's not the next Higgs boson — yet. But the best explanation, physicists say, involves forms of matter and energy not currently known to science"
1951:"White House Office of Technology Policy, National Science Foundation and Department of Energy announce over $ 1 billion in awards for artificial intelligence and quantum information science research institutes"
1306:
with the enabling Long Baseline Neutrino Facility was proposed to P5 as a $ 1B project; the cost estimate in 2021 dollars was more than $ 3B, with far detector operations beginning 2029 and full operation by
1363:
million" in fiscal year 2024. Beyond this, the six month accelerator shut down for DOE O 420.2D noncompliance should have represented substantial savings in the operations budget. According to the journal
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2026:
1327:, James Decker, who was principal deputy director of DOE's Office of Science from 1973 to 2007, stated that the performance evaluation for 2021 was "one of the most scathing I have seen".
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with a diameter of more than 8 feet (2.4 m). Also scattered about the access roads and village are a massive hydraulic press and old magnetic containment channels, all painted blue.
3416:
Acciarri, R.; et al. (2016). "Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 1: The LBNF and DUNE Projects".
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at a combined energy of 1.96 TeV. Lederman stepped down in 1989 and remained director emeritus until his death. The science education center at the site was named in his honor.
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4378:"Department of Energy Issues Request for Information and Launches New Website for the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Management and Operating Contract Competition"
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A large prototype detector constructed at CERN took data with a test beam from 2018 to 2020. The results show that ProtoDUNE performed with greater than 99% efficiency.
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electrostatic field giving the ions their second acceleration. At the exit of RFQ, the beam is matched by medium energy beam transport (MEBT) into the entrance of the
1467:
In keeping with Real ID requirements for DOE facilities, all unescorted adult visitors entering the site must present a government-issued photo ID compliant with the
1323:
FY2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. A rare C grade was assigned for project management in 2021, reflective of the delays and cost overruns. In an article in the journal
5160:
1542:, a free-standing arrangement of steel tubes near the Industrial Complex constructed from parts and materials recycled from the Tevatron collider, and the soaring
1196:
The Brookhaven experiment ended in 2001, but 10 years later Fermilab acquired the equipment, and is working to make a more accurate measurement (smaller
2292:
1255:
In 2018, the experiment started taking data at Fermilab. In 2021, the laboratory reported that results from initial study involving the particle challenged the
628:
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1600:, an isotope of hydrogen consisting of a proton and two neutrons that is weakly radioactive with a half-life of 12.3 years. This can bind with oxygen to form
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Fermilab physicists continue to play a key role in the world-wide collider program. The LHC Physics Center (LPC) at Fermilab is a regional center of the
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the magnet to improve its magnetic field uniformity. This had been done at Brookhaven, but was disturbed by the move and had to be re-done at Fermilab.
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style. Several of the buildings and sculptures within the Fermilab reservation represent various mathematical constructs as part of their structure.
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of particle physics, especially neutrino physics and rare physics searches using muons. A program exploring nucleon structure is also continuing.
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1181:) is very nearly 2. The difference from 2 (the "anomalous" part) depends on the lepton, and can be computed quite exactly based on the current
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LBNF/DUNE program in neutrino physics plans to measure fundamental physical parameters with high precision and to explore physics beyond the
764:
Construction of the first building for the PIP-II accelerator began in 2020. The new Linac site will be located on top of a small portion of
437:
took on the job. It was under his guidance that the original accelerator was replaced with the Tevatron, an accelerator capable of colliding
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Since 2013, the first stage in the acceleration process (pre-accelerator injector) in the Fermilab chain of accelerators takes place in two
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1095:(Neutrinos at the Main Injector) beam, which is an intense beam of neutrinos that travels 455 miles (732 km) through the Earth to the
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1383:"The alleged sexual assault of the NOvA and DUNE collaborator who filed and won her 2022 lawsuit in the UK was dismissed by FNAL staff."
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4124:"Fermilab's $ 1 billion accelerator project remains on hold during investigation into May accident that injured a construction worker"
2605:
Awida, M.H.; Foley, M.; Gonin, I.; Grassellino, A.; Grimm, C.; Khabiboulline, T.; Lunin, A.; Rowe, A.; Yakovlev, V. (September 2014).
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as well as the building housing the MINOS experiment. The reflecting pond at Wilson Hall also showcases a 32-foot-tall (9.8 m)
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1223:, New York, to Fermilab in the summer of 2013. The move traversed 3,200 miles over 35 days, mostly on a barge down the
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3439:"First results on ProtoDUNE-SP liquid argon time projection chamber performance from a beam test at the CERN Neutrino Platform"
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is a popular attraction that draws many visitors and the grounds are also a sanctuary for other local wildlife populations. A
1283:("P5") recommended three major initiatives for construction on the Fermilab site. Two were particle physics experiments: the
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as MiniBooNE but had fine-grained tracking capabilities. The NOνA experiment uses, and the MINOS experiment used, Fermilab's
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An overview of the many issues facing a new contractor was published in January 2024 in the news section of the journal
1386:"A cover-up of a case of guns on site in 2023, with promotion of the perpetrator and pretextuous firing of the witness."
1291:. The third was the PIPII accelerator upgrade described above. Also, P5 recommended Fermilab participation in LHC at
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was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, accelerating protons and antiprotons to energies of 980
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accelerator. The ring-shaped tunnels of the Tevatron and the Main Injector are visible from the air and by satellite.
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The MiniBooNE detector was a 40-foot (12 m) diameter sphere containing 800 tons of mineral oil lined with 1,520
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Starting in the 2010s, delays and cost over-runs led to substantial concerns about mismanagement of the laboratory.
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1389:"A cover-up of an attempt at badly hurting with an industrial vehicle a female electrician by a ... male employee."
1200:) which will either eliminate the discrepancy or, hopefully, confirm it as an experimentally observable example of
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On July 15, 2024, a report containing very serious allegations of cover-ups at the laboratory was uploaded to the
944:: The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run, planned future run)
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4069:"Groundbreaking particle physicist named Fermilab chief research officer and deputy director, UChicago professor"
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The goals of PIP-II include a plan to delivery 1.2 MW of proton beam power from the Main Injector to the
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for further acceleration but now provides the last push before the particles reach the beam line experiments.
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about $ 250M to more than $ 1 billion—a 30% increase that went mainly to support large projects at Fermilab.
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May, Michael P.; Fritz, James R.; Jurgens, Thomas G.; Miller, Harold W.; Olson, James; Snee, Daniel (1990).
950:(DUNE), formerly known as Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
566:. Immediately before entering the next accelerator, the H ions pass through a carbon foil, becoming H ions (
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The magnet was refurbished and powered on in September 2015, and has been confirmed to have the same
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1395:"A hostile work environment, where constructive criticism is most often ignored and retaliated against."
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Fermilab's Main Injector, two miles (3.3 km) in circumference, is the laboratory's most powerful
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with an exceptionally uniform magnetic field. This was transported, in one piece, from Brookhaven in
355:
Since 2007, Fermilab has been operated by the Fermi Research Alliance (FRA), a joint venture of the
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A satellite view of Fermilab. The two circular structures are the Main Injector Ring (smaller) and
3036:"Three-Dimensional Superconducting Resonators at T < 20 mK with Photon Lifetimes up to τ = 2 s"
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The Fermilab project delays led to substantial change in leadership in 2022. In September 2021,
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Mechanical construction of the 805 MHz side couple cavities for the Fermilab Linac upgrade
2448:
1773:"Trying to stay ahead of competition, U.S. pares down troubled $ 3 billion neutrino experiment"
1216:
1132:
experiment to measure the anomaly of the magnetic moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14
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each published articles describing the project as "troubled". Ongoing neutrino experiments are
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2739:
1392:"A cover-up of Beryllium windows blasting, with subsequent promotion of the person in charge."
7312:
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physics preprint server. The allegations, which were also reported in the press, included:
1050:
905:
494:
427:
375:
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184:
5591:
4251:"Fermilab Whistleblower Report Alleges Sexual Harassment, Loaded Gun and 'Chaotic' Finances"
4207:. Vol. 385, no. 6710. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science
1087:. An estimated 1 million neutrino events were recorded each year. SciBooNE sat in the same
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308:(DUNE) now under construction. The project has suffered delays and, in 2022, the journals
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experiment was to produce preliminary results in 2020, but this is now delayed until 2026.
901:) experiment to make the space available for IARC (Illinois Accelerator Research Center).
8:
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Valivarthi, Raju; et al. (2020). "Teleportation Systems Toward a Quantum Internet".
2212:
Carneiro, J.P.; Garcia, F.G.; Ostiguy, J.-F.; Saini, A.; Zwaska, R. (November 13, 2014).
1570:
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accelerating them to 120 GeV. Until 2011, the Main Injector provided protons to the
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Beam direction right to left: RFQ (silver), MEBT (green), first drift tube linac (blue)
551:
4741:
3710:"First results from Fermilab's Muon g-2 experiment strengthen evidence of new physics"
2004:
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6826:
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6508:
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3035:
3020:
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2619:
2534:
2244:
2168:
2129:
Bandurin, Dmitry; et al. (2015). "Review of physics results from the Tevatron".
1688:
1520:
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Delays, cost overruns, safety failures, and management turmoil in the 2010s and 2020s
1237:
1228:
1133:
1104:
953:
610:
Two ion sources at the center with two high-voltage electronics cabinets next to them
452:
412:
317:
268:
3605:"Magnetic Field shimming, Measurement and Control for the BNL Muon (g-2) Experiment"
2486:
2215:
Transmission efficiency measurement at the FNAL 4-rod RFQ (FERMILAB-CONF-14-452-APC)
1548:, which greets those entering the campus via the Pine Street entrance. Crowning the
1479:
415:
voted out of existence by its village board in 1966 to provide a site for Fermilab.
6955:
6543:
6513:
6488:
6339:
6270:
6190:
6172:
6153:
6051:
6041:
5807:
5802:
5652:
5634:
5465:
4655:
4552:
3999:
3615:
3614:. 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference. Vol. 5. New York. pp. 3167–3169.
3468:
3364:
3312:
3065:
3008:
2902:
2156:
1877:
1638:
1249:
1129:
464:
434:
283:
4911:
2608:
Development of 5 Cell Beta=0.9 650 MHz Cavities for Project X
2530:
1298:
As of 2022, two P5-recommended Fermilab projects had suffered substantial delays:
878:
859:
803:
518:
7072:
6563:
6553:
6498:
6344:
6184:
6164:
6017:
5846:
5813:
5626:
5475:
5470:
5168:
1633:
1601:
1532:
1512:
1084:
984:: Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
4147:"Injured worker flown to trauma center after fall at Fermilab construction site"
3526:
3012:
2906:
1553:
1523:
carrying power through the laboratory's land are built to echo the Greek letter
1143:
7157:
7136:
7017:
6980:
6923:
6360:
5967:
5884:
4615:
3677:
1816:"Major shake-up coming for Fermilab, the troubled U.S. particle physics center"
1788:"Troubled U.S. Neutrino Project Faces Uncertain Future–and Fresh Opportunities"
1565:
1256:
1178:
1137:
1072:
882:
807:
563:
389:
4874:
4541:"Scientists and the public petition to roll back Fermilab access restrictions"
4277:"Fermilab is 'doomed' without management overhaul claims whistleblower report"
2160:
1977:
1017:
SBND: Short-Baseline Neutrino Detector (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
686:
Fermilab's accelerator rings. The main injector is in the foreground, and the
505:, and producing proton-antiproton collisions with energies of up to 1.96
433:
After Wilson stepped down in 1978 to protest the lack of funding for the lab,
7236:
4556:
4003:
3187:
1340:
978:: Main INjector ExpeRiment with νs on As (Status, June 2023: completed run)
866:
In 1999, physicists at on the KTeV experiment were also the first to observe
818:
470:
204:
150:
137:
4823:
3619:
2580:
5487:
5450:
4540:
3612:
Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366)
1471:. Up-to-date specifics about access can be found on the Fermilab website.
1344:
1242:
1125:
1120:
987:
836:
825:
814:
744:
583:
476:
423:
106:
4040:"Lia Merminga appointed director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"
3337:
Machado, Pedro (2019). "The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab".
2087:"Lia Merminga appointed director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory"
1103:
and the Ash River, Minnesota, site of the NOνA far detector. In 2017, the
6990:
6970:
6782:
Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, West Asia & North Africa
6577:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
6146:
6070:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
5608:
4300:"Former UCL academic to pay damages after harassing colleague for months"
2681:"PIP-II: An international effort breaking new ground in particle physics"
1617:
1468:
1220:
1096:
886:
586:
per second, reaching a peak magnetic field strength of around 0.5 tesla.
6606:
2831:"Tevatron scientists announce their final results on the Higgs particle"
6032:
4987:
4169:
3868:
1901:"Argonne, Fermilab at Forefront of 'Transformational' Quantum Research"
972:: Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run)
969:
687:
591:
530:
442:
349:
175:
975:
966:: Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (Status, June 2023: completed run)
892:
7152:
2108:
Shiltsev, Vladimir (2012). "Achievements and Lessons from Tevatron".
1516:
1501:
1100:
963:
936:
List of recent past, ongoing, and planned experiments running on-site
799:
510:
341:
37:
4174:, Environment, Safety and Health Dept., Fermilab, September 26, 2023
2767:"Physicists Find First Direct Evidence for Tau Neutrino at Fermilab"
1274:
1057:(ILC). Fermilab will be the site of LBNF's future beamline, and the
5279:
3455:
3422:
3351:
3287:
3052:
2995:
2889:
1847:
1845:
1689:"Current and Future High Power Operation of Fermilab Main Injector"
1585:
1493:
1174:
1147:
1030:
765:
691:
647:
595:
534:
498:
371:
345:
301:
294:
128:
43:
5705:
4490:
3556:
from the original on December 8, 2015 – via Chicago Tribune.
2231:
2143:
2114:
786:
The following particles were first directly observed at Fermilab:
5646:
4903:
1597:
337:
272:
6206:
3873:
Director's Progress Review of the SBN Program, December 15, 2015
1259:, with the potential for discovery of new forces and particles.
1053:(LHC), and Japan, which has been approved to build and lead the
1001:
366:
On-site experiments outside of the neutrino program include the
321:
28:
5044:
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
5019:
4514:"From Director Lia Merminga: Accessing Fermilab's Batavia site"
2384:"Next-gen particle accelerator magnet ramps up at record speed"
1775:. Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
1497:
634:
A 7835 power amplifier that is used at the first stage of linac
567:
438:
81:
4228:"Fermilab to Close Temporarily in August Due to Budget Issues"
4205:"Trouble and strife deepen at famed U.S. particle physics lab"
3390:
1718:"Two construction projects reach major milestones at Fermilab"
4683:"The genetic purity and diversity of the Fermilab bison herd"
4071:. University of Chicago. Physical Sciences. September 7, 2022
2875:
Kroc, Thomas (2017). "Illinois Accelerator Research Center".
2027:"Fermilab director Oddone announces plan to retire next year"
1376:
1245:
basic magnetic field uniformity that it had before the move.
941:
829:
578:. In 2021, the lab announced that its latest superconducting
333:
6676:
Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies
3927:. Office of Science, Department of Energy. December 20, 2021
3262:
3212:
2700:"Fermilab Accelerator Upgrade Moves Into Construction Phase"
1751:
High Energy Physics Advisory Panel November 1–2, 2021 Agenda
1421:
960:(LNGS) and moved to Fermilab. (Status, June 2023: running)
885:
each made important contributions to the observation of the
7177:
5455:
4793:
3921:"Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FY 2021 Report Card"
3762:
Report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
3136:
1628:
1311:
1292:
1288:
1163:
1108:
1092:
1042:
995:
981:
928:
The on-site program in the 2020s is largely focused on the
909:
871:
325:
4853:
Fermilab | History and Archives | Site and Natural History
4409:. Department of Energy Office of Science. December 6, 2022
3980:"US high-energy physics faces compounding budget tensions"
3820:"Straws, crystals and the quest for new subatomic physics"
3735:"Scientists at Fermilab close in on fifth force of nature"
3546:"Fermilab brings super magnet to life after 10 years"
3112:"LBNF/DUNE: An international flagship neutrino experiment"
3085:
2808:"Fermilab Physicists Find New Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry"
2604:
2223:
27th International Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC14)
2211:
1343:, Director of Fermilab, resigned. Lockyer was replaced by
817:, which was observed as a quark-antiquark pair called the
3237:
1528:
575:
559:
547:
542:
and matched by low energy beam transport (LEBT) into the
539:
506:
502:
7248:
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
4602:"Fermilab site reopens to the public, welcomes visitors"
4461:"Leading US particle-physics lab faces uncertain future"
3796:
3527:"Physics Phoenix: Plotting the Journey of Muon g–2"
2968:"Fermilab's Patty McBride elected next CMS spokesperson"
2928:
2789:"Fermilab physicists discover "doubly strange" particle"
4898:
4440:. Department of Energy Office of Science. March 7, 2023
2854:"Retired equipment lives on in new physics experiments"
1871:
1524:
752:
cavities to be used in the last segment of PIP-II Linac
662:
A cutaway view of the 805 MHz side-couple cavities
374:. Fermilab continues to participate in the work at the
16:
High-energy particle physics laboratory in Illinois, US
4958:
3965:"Particle Physicists Feel Squeeze From Major Projects"
2615:
2574:
MegaWatt Proton Beams for Particle Physics at Fermilab
1519:
obelisk, designed by Wilson. Some of the high-voltage
781:
582:
magnet could increase field strength at a rate of 290
4489:. Physicists and visitors to Fermilab. Archived from
4092:"SC's New Associate Director for High Energy Physics"
3652:"Fermilab's Muon g-2 experiment officially starts up"
2458:
Proceedings of the 1990 Linear Accelerator Conference
2446:
1924:"Fermilab launches new institute for quantum science"
1569:
by Fermilab that this claim had no merit. Today, the
1334:
1215:
Central to the experiment is a 50 foot-diameter
1211:
Transportation of the 600 ton magnet to Fermilab
304:
physics. It is the host of the multi-billion dollar
5069:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
2953:
332:
Appearance). Completed neutrino experiments include
7268:
Buildings and structures in DuPage County, Illinois
3811:
1078:
1020:
SpinQuest (Status, June 2023: planned future run)
916:was elected spokesperson of the CMS collaboration.
893:
Evolution of the post-Tevatron experimental program
574:
until they leave the Booster accelerated to 8
513:, announced by research teams using the Tevatron's
4579:"Fermilab faces protest over visitor restrictions"
1154:Fermilab is continuing an experiment conducted at
1150:building (white and orange) which hosts the magnet
320:(Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals) and
215:
7273:Buildings and structures in Kane County, Illinois
7253:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
4026:"Nigel Lockyer to step down as Fermilab director"
2531:5th International Particle Accelerator Conference
1275:Oversight issues that developed from 2014 to 2022
1193:between the measured value and the computed one.
7234:
5114:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
5094:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
4055:"DOE High Energy Physics Program Head to Retire"
4032:
3489:"ICARUS neutrino experiment to move to Fermilab"
2980:
2128:
1625:— operates the US National Laboratory on the ISS
4018:
1577:has occurred at the lab every year since 1976.
1527:. One can also find structural examples of the
1029:Fermilab strives to become the world leader in
923:
524:
5051:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
5010:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
4432:
3977:
3835:
3833:
3797:"Mu2e: muon-to-electron-conversion experiment"
3238:"Mu2e: muon-to-electron-conversion experiment"
3213:"MINERvA: Bringing neutrinos into sharp focus"
2616:27th Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC2014)
2533:. Dresden, Germany. 2014. pp. 3409–3411.
2347:
2345:
1623:Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
6622:
6115:
5577:
5439:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
5099:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
4944:
3789:
3565:
3563:
3339:Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
2183:"Animation of Fermilab's Accelerator Complex"
1848:"Preparing Fermilab to Carry Out the P5 Plan"
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1281:Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel
426:in 1974. The laboratory's first director was
336:(Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search),
5039:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
4270:
4268:
3670:
3504:"ICARUS prepares to chase a fourth neutrino"
3033:
2715:"Physicists Weigh In: The Quark Is a Porker"
2279:
2277:
2275:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1736:
1370:
694:(inactive since 2011) are in the background.
4551:(5). American Institute of Physics: 0525a.
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4052:
3971:
3962:
3899:U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
3830:
3701:
3313:"Argonne Physics Division - E-906/SeaQuest"
2805:
2567:
2565:
2342:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1588:to selected structures around the grounds.
908:Collaboration (the experiment is housed at
6629:
6615:
6122:
6108:
5709:Map of Illinois highlighting DuPage County
5584:
5570:
4951:
4937:
4343:
3560:
2520:"FNAL – The Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)"
2406:
2404:
1830:
1770:
1319:is now scheduled to begin in autumn 2023.
711:
418:The laboratory was founded in 1969 as the
300:Fermilab aims to become a world center in
27:
6636:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4265:
4117:
4115:
4113:
3952:. Department of Energy Office of Science.
3817:
3495:
3472:
3454:
3421:
3350:
3069:
3051:
2994:
2888:
2618:. Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 171–173.
2272:
2230:
2142:
2131:International Journal of Modern Physics A
2113:
1846:A Group of Whistleblowers from Fermilab.
1802:
1779:
1663:"DOE FY 2025 Congressional Justification"
1582:Forest Preserve District of DuPage County
1422:Rebid of the Fermilab contract, 2023–2024
383:Illinois Technology and Research Corridor
348:(SciBar Booster Neutrino Experiment) and
6914:Francis and Rose Yuen (Hong Kong) campus
6696:Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering
6210:Map of Illinois highlighting Kane County
5059:National Nuclear Security Administration
5020:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
4734:"Safety and the Environment at Fermilab"
4608:
4511:
4185:
4171:DOE O 420.2D Implementation Assist Visit
4121:
3956:
3839:
3437:Abi, B; et al. (December 3, 2020).
3415:
3034:Romanenko, A; et al. (March 2020).
2851:
2740:"Discovery of the bottom quark, Upsilon"
2562:
2107:
1757:
1538:Wilson's sculptures on the site include
1478:
1206:
1142:
1136:, which will be a sensitive test of the
1008:Appearance (Status, June 2023: running)
788:
743:
706:The E989 storage-ring magnet at Fermilab
399:
6742:Chicago Project on Security and Threats
6701:School of Social Service Administration
4638:"Fermilab History and Archives Project"
4520:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4458:
4358:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4248:
4225:
4122:Channick, Robert (September 14, 2023).
4046:
3939:
3848:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3676:
3502:Steffel, Catherine N. (March 2, 2020).
3501:
3397:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3336:
3143:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
3092:. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
2795:from the original on September 5, 2008.
2764:
2746:. Fermilab History and Archives Project
2712:
2673:
2657:(Report). Fermilab. December 12, 2013.
2497:from the original on September 17, 2015
2401:
2285:"Fermilab Linac Slide Show Description"
1596:During running, particle beams produce
7235:
6737:Center for Research in Security Prices
6681:Harris School of Public Policy Studies
4706:
4680:
4644:from the original on January 18, 2017.
4576:
4421:
4382:Department of Energy Office of Science
4349:
4274:
4110:
3947:"2020 HEPAP COV Report on HEP Program"
3866:
3753:
3649:
3639:from the original on December 7, 2015.
3569:
3533:from the original on December 8, 2015.
3524:
3436:
2697:
2571:
2514:
2512:
2381:
2193:from the original on December 11, 2021
2067:from the original on November 14, 2017
1921:
1785:
1711:
1709:
6610:
6103:
5565:
4932:
4899:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4768:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
4538:
4297:
4149:. Chicago Tribune. Aurora Beacon News
4144:
4126:. Tribune Publishing. Chicago Tribune
4057:. FYI, American Institute of Physics.
3967:. FYI, American Institute of Physics.
3818:Bernstein, Maxwell (March 24, 2022).
3602:
3584:from the original on December 8, 2015
2702:. FYI: American Institute of Physics.
2428:from the original on October 18, 2015
2412:"35 years of H ions at Fermilab"
2313:
1948:
1898:
1715:
1531:double-helix spiral and a nod to the
1059:Sanford Underground Research Facility
538:accelerated by the source to 35
521:detectors. It was shut down in 2011.
392:is named in honor of the laboratory.
352:(Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment).
261:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
22:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
7278:Education in DuPage County, Illinois
6878:Housing at the University of Chicago
5551:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
4658:. About Fermilab. December 1, 2005.
4599:
4459:Garisto, Daniel (January 24, 2024).
4028:. Fermilab News. September 10, 2021.
3978:William Thomas (November 21, 2021).
3707:
3570:Kiburg, Brendan (October 26, 2015).
3543:
3525:Ruppel, Emily (September 30, 2011).
2874:
2852:Ayshford, Emily (January 30, 2019).
2828:
2002:
1975:
1304:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
1285:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
1128:: (pronounced "gee minus two") is a
1035:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
948:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
821:announced in 1977 by Experiment 228.
758:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
497:(LHC) near Geneva, Switzerland, the
493:Prior to the startup in 2008 of the
306:Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
66:(as National Accelerator Laboratory)
4922:Architecture at the Fermilab campus
4740:. December 30, 2005. Archived from
4681:Shivni, Rashmi (January 27, 2016).
4202:
3867:Wilson, Peter (December 15, 2015).
2661:from the original on April 22, 2016
2572:Holmes, Steve (December 16, 2013).
2509:
2363:from the original on August 4, 2015
2330:from the original on April 22, 2016
2295:from the original on April 18, 2016
2260:from the original on April 23, 2016
1922:Salles, Andre (November 18, 2019).
1813:
1744:"HEP Project Status, Mike Procario"
1706:
1014:(Status, June 2023: completed run)
998:(Status, June 2023: completed run)
958:Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
782:Discoveries by Fermilab experiments
13:
7283:Education in Kane County, Illinois
6205:
6130:Municipalities and communities of
5704:
5592:Municipalities and communities of
4960:United States Department of Energy
4912:Other Fermilab online publications
4662:from the original on April 3, 2007
4331:. 5RB Media and Communications Law
4298:Abdul, Geneva (October 12, 2022).
4249:Rutecki, Jared (August 16, 2024).
3650:Martin, Bruno (February 6, 2018).
3544:Lord, Steve (September 26, 2015).
3529:. Brookhaven National Laboratory.
3369:10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949
2829:Kurt, Reisselmann (July 2, 2012).
2579:(Report). Fermilab. Archived from
2550:from the original on June 26, 2015
1984:from the original on March 5, 2010
1644:Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
1591:
1335:Oversight issues from 2022 to 2024
1183:Standard Model of particle physics
277:United States Department of Energy
14:
7324:
7042:Kenwood Astrophysical Observatory
6727:Center for Middle Eastern Studies
5151:Western Area Power Administration
5146:Southwestern Power Administration
5141:Southeastern Power Administration
5015:Energy Information Administration
4892:
4804:from the original on July 1, 2018
4770:. August 24, 2001. Archived from
4438:Office of Acquisitions Management
4275:Gwynne, Peter (August 15, 2024).
4168:"9:30 Current Program Overview",
4089:
3963:Will Thomas (December 16, 2020).
3840:Ayshford, Emily (December 2022).
2806:O'Boyle, LuAnne (March 1, 1999).
2713:Johnson, George (March 5, 1995).
2635:from the original on July 2, 2015
2467:from the original on July 7, 2015
2456:. Linear Accelerator Conference.
2382:Lavars, Nick (December 2, 2021).
1949:Biron, Lauren (August 26, 2020).
1899:Caine, Paul (September 1, 2020).
1786:Lewton, Thomas (April 13, 2022).
1686:
1511:is the defining shape of several
1202:physics beyond the Standard Model
650:used at the second stage of linac
361:Universities Research Association
189:Universities Research Association
6822:Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School
6807:National Opinion Research Center
5028:
4867:
4841:
4816:
4786:
4756:
4726:
4707:Sharos, David (April 22, 2019).
4700:
4674:
4648:
4630:
4593:
4570:
4532:
4505:
4475:
4452:
4407:Office of Acquisition Management
4226:Rutecki, Jared (July 19, 2024).
4053:Will Thomas (February 7, 2022).
3163:"Intensity Frontier | MiniBooNE"
3071:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.13.034032
2460:. Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
2033:. August 2, 2012. Archived from
1160:anomalous magnetic dipole moment
1079:About other neutrino experiments
992:anomalous magnetic dipole moment
828:, announced in July 2000 by the
699:
679:
667:
655:
639:
627:
615:
603:
242:
241:
234:
125:Winfield Township, DuPage County
36:
7308:Research institutes in Illinois
7303:Institutes associated with CERN
7288:1967 establishments in Illinois
7108:University Athletic Association
7012:Cannon v. University of Chicago
6899:George Herbert Jones Laboratory
6732:Center for Population Economics
5136:Bonneville Power Administration
4824:"Fermilab Christmas Bird Count"
4581:. IOP Publishing. Physics World
4577:Gwynne, Peter (June 19, 2023).
4403:"M&O Contract Competitions"
4395:
4370:
4356:Fermilab Historical Information
4314:
4291:
4279:. Physics World. IOP Publishing
4242:
4219:
4203:Cho, Adrian (August 14, 2024).
4161:
4138:
4083:
4061:
4042:. Fermilab News. April 5, 2022.
3913:
3887:
3860:
3842:"Neutrino Detector On the Move"
3772:
3727:
3643:
3596:
3537:
3518:
3481:
3430:
3409:
3383:
3330:
3305:
3280:
3255:
3230:
3205:
3180:
3155:
3129:
3104:
3078:
3027:
2974:
2960:
2946:
2921:
2868:
2845:
2822:
2799:
2791:. Fermilab. September 9, 2008.
2781:
2765:Jackson, Judy (July 20, 2000).
2758:
2732:
2706:
2698:Thomas, Will (April 25, 2022).
2691:
2655:Proton Improvement Plan II
2647:
2598:
2479:
2440:
2375:
2307:
2205:
2175:
2122:
2101:
2079:
2049:
2019:
2003:Kolb, Adrienne (May 19, 2017).
1996:
1969:
1942:
1915:
1892:
1716:Biron, Lauren (July 22, 2020).
1474:
1039:Long Baseline Neutrino Facility
546:(RFQ) which applies a 750
483:
420:National Accelerator Laboratory
7293:Theoretical physics institutes
6904:Gerald Ratner Athletics Center
6832:Toyota Technological Institute
5128:Power Marketing Administration
4849:"Birds Find Haven at Fermilab"
4600:Marc, Tracy (March 28, 2022).
4512:Merminga, Lia (May 16, 2023).
3895:"Laboratory Appraisal Process"
3474:10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/P12004
2089:. Fermilab News. April 5, 2022
1865:
1814:Cho, Adrian (March 22, 2023).
1680:
1655:
1500:, though it was realized in a
1156:Brookhaven National Laboratory
776:
473:, September 2013 to April 2022
1:
7037:University of Chicago sit-ins
6934:Joe and Rika Mansueto Library
4709:"Baby bison born at Fermilab"
4483:"Petition to Reopen Fermilab"
4145:Jones, Megan (May 25, 2023).
3708:Marc, Tracy (April 7, 2021).
2057:"New Fermilab director named"
1872:National Science Foundation.
1771:Adrian Cho (March 29, 2022).
1649:
1564:In 1967, Wilson brought five
1411:Collider Detector at Fermilab
1055:International Linear Collider
899:Collider Detector at Fermilab
897:Fermilab dismantled the CDF (
422:; it was renamed in honor of
7148:Contemporary Chamber Players
6797:Marine Biological Laboratory
4722:– via Chicago Tribune.
4539:Feder, Toni (May 25, 2023).
3925:Laboratory Appraisal Process
2487:"Wilson Hall & vicinity"
2189:. Fermilab. March 21, 2018.
1169:The magnetic dipole moment (
1024:
956:: Originally located at the
924:On-site program in the 2020s
914:Patricia McBride (physicist)
558:are accelerated to 400
525:Fermilab Accelerator Complex
370:fixed-target experiment and
282:specializing in high-energy
7:
7298:Nuclear research institutes
7258:Particle physics facilities
6837:University of Chicago Press
6762:Comprehensive Cancer Center
6757:Committee on Social Thought
6747:Chicago school of economics
6717:Argonne National Laboratory
6691:Pritzker School of Medicine
4972:James V. Forrestal Building
4764:"Ecology/Nature - Wildlife"
3013:10.1103/PRXQuantum.1.020317
2907:10.1016/j.phpro.2017.09.030
1611:
1559:
1552:is a representation of the
1490:St. Pierre's Cathedral
1114:
728:Cockcroft–Walton generators
488:
10:
7329:
6951:Lorado Taft Midway Studios
5544:Related Independent Agency
5161:National Laboratory System
5002:Deputy Secretary of Energy
4992:Deputy Secretary of Energy
3799:. Fermilab. April 21, 2015
3658:. United States Government
3443:Journal of Instrumentation
3188:"MicroBooNE Collaboration"
2005:"The founding of Fermilab"
1957:. United States Government
1930:. United States Government
1874:"The US and LHC Computing"
1724:. United States Government
1584:, Fermilab has introduced
1118:
1105:ICARUS neutrino experiment
544:radio-frequency quadrupole
411:, was a community next to
404:Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall
395:
381:Fermilab is a part of the
7186:
7116:
7065:
7052:Old University of Chicago
6999:
6886:
6856:
6812:Obama Presidential Center
6752:Comer Children's Hospital
6722:Becker Friedman Institute
6709:
6653:
6646:
6582:
6572:
6470:
6452:
6359:
6217:
6203:
6163:
6144:
6075:
6065:
6031:
5941:
5883:
5716:
5702:
5625:
5606:
5543:
5438:
5159:
5126:
5112:
5067:
5049:
5037:
5026:
5000:
4966:
3869:"SBN Program Coordinator"
2161:10.1142/S0217751X15410018
1442:
1371:2024 Whistleblower Report
802:announced in 1995 by the
448:The later directors are:
229:
224:
210:
194:
181:U.S. Department of Energy
174:
166:
120:
112:
100:
90:
80:
70:
51:
35:
26:
7047:Metallurgical Laboratory
6666:Booth School of Business
5120:Office of Nuclear Energy
5104:Office of Nuclear Energy
4557:10.1063/PT.6.2.20230525a
4004:10.1063/PT.6.2.20211119a
3292:NOvA Experiment Fermilab
2061:Crain's Chicago Business
467:, July 2005 to July 2013
461:, July 1999 to June 2005
7093:Lascivious Costume Ball
7032:Graduate Library School
5595:DuPage County, Illinois
4434:"Informational Meeting"
4090:Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw.
3620:10.1109/PAC.1999.792238
3040:Physical Review Applied
2685:Innovation News Network
2527:Proceedings of IPAC2014
1483:Interior of Wilson Hall
1437:
1173:) of a charged lepton (
793:Fermilab's CDF detector
712:Proton improvement plan
479:, April 2022 to present
7098:Latke–Hamantash Debate
6909:Henry Crown Fieldhouse
6777:James Franck Institute
6767:Enrico Fermi Institute
6211:
5710:
4098:. Department of Energy
3506:. symmetrymagazine.org
1484:
1248:The project worked on
1217:superconducting magnet
1212:
1151:
794:
753:
562:, or about 70% of the
405:
92:Field of research
57:; 56 years ago
7117:Student organizations
7066:Sports and traditions
6787:Institute of Politics
6639:University of Chicago
6209:
6133:Kane County, Illinois
5708:
5089:Office of Electricity
4917:Fermilab Virtual Tour
4875:"Tritium at Fermilab"
4744:on September 26, 2006
4656:"The Fermilab Campus"
4350:Bellettini, Giorgio.
3263:"Muon g-2 Experiment"
2314:Kubik, Donna (2005).
1852:arXiv Preprint Server
1790:. Scientific American
1482:
1210:
1146:
1051:Large Hadron Collider
990:: Measurement of the
906:Compact Muon Solenoid
889:, announced in 2012.
792:
747:
495:Large Hadron Collider
428:Robert Rathbun Wilson
403:
376:Large Hadron Collider
357:University of Chicago
185:University of Chicago
151:41.83194°N 88.25722°W
6868:Burton–Judson Courts
6595:United States portal
6088:United States portal
4794:"Nature and Ecology"
4352:"Giorgio Bellettini"
3603:Redin, S.I. (1999).
2929:"LHC Physics Center"
2586:on September 5, 2015
2225:. pp. 168–170.
1575:Christmas Bird Count
1041:. Other leaders are
1033:physics through the
862:of Fermilab in 2008.
858:), announced by the
459:Michael S. Witherell
291:particle accelerator
250:Location in Illinois
86:$ 739 million (2024)
7173:Voices in Your Head
6986:Smart Museum of Art
6966:Renaissance Society
6939:John Crerar Library
4983:Secretary of Energy
4322:"Smith v Backhouse"
3996:2021PhT..2021b1119.
3901:. December 13, 2022
3465:2020JInst..15P2004A
3361:2019ARNPS..69..363M
3062:2020PhRvP..13c4032R
3005:2020PRXQ....1b0317V
2899:2017PhPro..90...92K
2241:2014arXiv1411.3614C
2153:2015IJMPA..3041001B
1880:on January 10, 2011
1571:Fermilab bison herd
1085:phototube detectors
1047:Accelerator physics
868:direct CP violation
837:bottom Omega baryon
314:Scientific American
280:national laboratory
156:41.83194; -88.25722
147: /
96:Accelerator physics
75:Accelerator physics
23:
7220:School of Business
7203:School of Business
7168:Student Government
7130:The Chicago Maroon
7088:Women's basketball
7057:Yerkes Observatory
6976:Rockefeller Chapel
6944:Regenstein Library
6919:Hutchinson Commons
6792:Laboratory Schools
6212:
5711:
3780:"LBNF/DUNE Status"
3687:The New York Times
3550:Aurora Beacon-News
2037:on October 4, 2013
1521:transmission lines
1509:Archimedean Spiral
1485:
1213:
1152:
930:Intensity Frontier
795:
754:
552:linear accelerator
406:
71:Research type
21:
7263:Batavia, Illinois
7230:
7229:
6852:
6851:
6827:Stieglitz Lecture
6817:Paulson Institute
6604:
6603:
6097:
6096:
5775:Elk Grove Village
5559:
5558:
5461:Kansas City Plant
5377:Pacific Northwest
5077:Office of Science
4979:Jennifer Granholm
4096:Office of Science
3741:. August 10, 2023
3680:(April 7, 2021).
3491:. April 22, 2015.
3288:"NOvA Experiment"
3267:Muon-g-2 Fermilab
2625:978-3-95450-142-7
2540:978-3-95450-132-8
2250:978-3-95450-142-7
2063:. June 21, 2013.
1580:Working with the
1550:Ramsey Auditorium
1351:and contractors.
1045:, which leads in
1004:: NuMI Off-axis ν
954:ICARUS experiment
726:40 year-old
269:Batavia, Illinois
258:
257:
205:Leon Max Lederman
62:November 21, 1967
55:November 21, 1967
7320:
7190:
7083:Men's basketball
7003:
6956:Midway Plaisance
6860:
6651:
6650:
6640:
6631:
6624:
6617:
6608:
6607:
6596:
6589:
6529:Nottingham Woods
6504:Five Island Park
6233:Barrington Hills
6208:
6156:
6149:
6139:
6134:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6101:
6100:
6089:
6082:
6003:North Glen Ellyn
5786:Glendale Heights
5707:
5670:Oakbrook Terrace
5618:
5611:
5601:
5596:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5563:
5562:
5466:Nevada Test Site
5032:
5031:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4907:Daily newsletter
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4774:on March 1, 2003
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4730:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4616:"Visit Fermilab"
4612:
4606:
4605:
4604:. Fermilab News.
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4574:
4568:
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4154:
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4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
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4087:
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3808:
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3325:
3323:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
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3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3159:
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3152:
3150:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3055:
3031:
3025:
3024:
2998:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2970:. March 3, 2022.
2964:
2958:
2957:
2954:"USCMS web page"
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2892:
2877:Physics Procedia
2872:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2849:
2843:
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2840:
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2826:
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2797:
2796:
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2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2744:history.fnal.gov
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2687:. March 4, 2022.
2677:
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2077:
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2046:
2044:
2042:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1876:. Archived from
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1811:
1800:
1799:
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1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1684:
1678:
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1673:
1667:
1659:
1639:Scientific Linux
1513:pumping stations
1240:
1130:particle physics
857:
856:
855:
847:
846:
703:
683:
671:
659:
643:
631:
619:
607:
465:Piermaria Oddone
435:Leon M. Lederman
409:Weston, Illinois
284:particle physics
245:
244:
238:
220:
217:
199:
162:
161:
159:
158:
157:
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7143:CMAC (UChicago)
7112:
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6961:Quadrangle Club
6882:
6873:Snell–Hitchcock
6859:Residence halls
6858:
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6671:Divinity School
6642:
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6588:Illinois portal
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4713:The Beacon-News
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4494:
4493:on July 5, 2023
4487:Reopen Fermilab
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2833:. Fermilab News
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2810:. Fermilab News
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2769:. Fermilab News
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2031:The Beacon-News
2025:
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2010:
2008:
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1997:
1987:
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1978:"Before Weston"
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1634:Fermi Linux LTS
1614:
1602:tritiated water
1594:
1592:Tritium on site
1562:
1545:Broken Symmetry
1533:geodesic sphere
1477:
1445:
1440:
1424:
1373:
1337:
1277:
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1158:to measure the
1123:
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1081:
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7158:Off-Off Campus
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7137:Chicago Review
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7103:Scavenger Hunt
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7024:Nuclear Energy
7018:Chicago Pile-1
7015:
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6981:Seminary Co-op
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6035:/Neighborhoods
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6015:
6013:South Elmhurst
6010:
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6000:
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4905:Fermilab Today
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4893:External links
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4855:. July 6, 1978
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2007:. Cern Courier
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1138:Standard Model
1119:Main article:
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7201:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7185:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7138:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7064:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6998:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6894:Bartlett Hall
6892:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6855:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6632:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6618:
6613:
6612:
6609:
6597:
6592:
6590:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6539:Rainbow Hills
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6325:Sleepy Hollow
6323:
6321:
6320:Pingree Grove
6318:
6316:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:Campton Hills
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6216:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6177:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6138:United States
6135:
6125:
6120:
6118:
6113:
6111:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6090:
6085:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5903:Downers Grove
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:Downers Grove
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5600:United States
5597:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4876:
4870:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4759:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4688:
4687:Fermilab News
4684:
4677:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4617:
4611:
4603:
4596:
4580:
4573:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:Physics Today
4542:
4535:
4519:
4518:Fermilab News
4515:
4508:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4462:
4455:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4330:
4323:
4317:
4301:
4294:
4278:
4271:
4269:
4252:
4245:
4229:
4222:
4206:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4173:
4172:
4164:
4148:
4141:
4130:September 19,
4125:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4075:September 19,
4070:
4064:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4035:
4027:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3984:Physics Today
3981:
3974:
3966:
3959:
3948:
3942:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3847:
3846:Fermilab News
3843:
3836:
3834:
3825:
3824:Fermilab News
3821:
3814:
3798:
3792:
3781:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3635:
3631:
3629:0-7803-5573-3
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3449:(12): 12004.
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3318:
3314:
3308:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3243:
3242:Mu2e Fermilab
3239:
3233:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3046:(3): 034032.
3045:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2989:(2): 020317.
2988:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2963:
2955:
2949:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2855:
2848:
2832:
2825:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2768:
2761:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2451:
2443:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:"Accelerator"
2348:
2346:
2326:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2088:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2006:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1745:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1462:Physics World
1459:
1458:Physics Today
1453:
1449:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:Nigel Lockyer
1332:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:In 2014, the
1272:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1111:to Fermilab.
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:neutrino beam
1086:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1003:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
939:
933:
931:
921:
917:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
890:
888:
884:
880:
879:DØ experiment
875:
873:
869:
861:
860:DØ experiment
838:
834:
831:
827:
823:
820:
819:Upsilon meson
816:
812:
809:
805:
804:DØ experiment
801:
797:
796:
791:
787:
774:
770:
767:
762:
759:
751:
746:
739:
738:
737:
734:
729:
720:
719:
718:
702:
697:
693:
689:
682:
677:
670:
665:
658:
653:
649:
646:A 12 MW
642:
637:
630:
625:
618:
613:
606:
601:
600:
599:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
577:
571:
569:
565:
561:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
533:which ionize
532:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
478:
475:
472:
471:Nigel Lockyer
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
450:
449:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
402:
393:
391:
386:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
237:
228:
223:
219:
213:
209:
206:
203:
200:
193:
190:
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
95:
89:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
54:
50:
45:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
7313:Enrico Fermi
7135:
7128:
7022:
7010:
6771:
6534:Plato Center
6315:North Aurora
6152:
6047:Ontarioville
5898:Bloomingdale
5791:Hanover Park
5760:Carol Stream
5743:Bloomingdale
5686:West Chicago
5614:
5274:
4904:
4879:. Retrieved
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4852:
4843:
4833:February 22,
4831:. Retrieved
4827:
4818:
4808:September 9,
4806:. Retrieved
4797:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4772:the original
4767:
4758:
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4742:the original
4737:
4728:
4718:November 22,
4716:. Retrieved
4712:
4702:
4692:November 22,
4690:. Retrieved
4686:
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4666:February 27,
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4170:
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4102:December 26,
4100:. Retrieved
4095:
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4063:
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4034:
4020:
3990:(2): 1119a.
3987:
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3941:
3931:December 26,
3929:. Retrieved
3924:
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3905:December 22,
3903:. Retrieved
3898:
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3879:December 26,
3877:. Retrieved
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3850:. Retrieved
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2962:
2948:
2938:November 12,
2936:. Retrieved
2933:lpc.fnal.gov
2932:
2923:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2860:February 25,
2858:. Retrieved
2847:
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2824:
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2649:
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2607:
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2581:the original
2552:. Retrieved
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2081:
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2035:the original
2030:
2021:
2011:February 25,
2009:. Retrieved
1998:
1988:November 25,
1986:. Retrieved
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1954:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1894:
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1878:the original
1867:
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1851:
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1792:. Retrieved
1781:
1750:
1738:
1728:February 25,
1726:. Retrieved
1721:
1698:February 25,
1696:. Retrieved
1693:Researchgate
1692:
1682:
1672:September 7,
1670:. Retrieved
1668:. p. 26
1657:
1606:
1595:
1579:
1563:
1554:Möbius strip
1543:
1540:Tractricious
1539:
1537:
1506:
1486:
1475:Architecture
1466:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1406:The Guardian
1405:
1402:
1398:
1374:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:Lia Merminga
1338:
1329:
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1321:
1317:
1297:
1278:
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1261:
1254:
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1233:
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1124:
1082:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1028:
929:
927:
918:
903:
896:
876:
865:
826:tau neutrino
815:bottom quark
785:
771:
763:
755:
724:
715:
674:Booster ring
588:
572:
556:
528:
492:
484:Accelerators
477:Lia Merminga
453:John Peoples
447:
432:
424:Enrico Fermi
419:
417:
407:
387:
380:
365:
354:
313:
309:
299:
288:
264:
260:
259:
176:Affiliations
116:P.O. Box 500
107:Lia Merminga
18:
7163:Poetry Club
6991:Stagg Field
6971:Robie House
6661:The College
6559:Valley View
6524:North Plato
6476:communities
6439:Sugar Grove
6434:St. Charles
6351:West Dundee
6335:Sugar Grove
6330:South Elgin
6265:East Dundee
6196:St. Charles
6148:County seat
6033:Ghost towns
6023:York Center
5983:Keeneyville
5978:Fullersburg
5973:Flowerfield
5958:Butterfield
5945:communities
5864:Willowbrook
5748:Bolingbrook
5737:Bensenville
5681:Warrenville
5675:St. Charles
5610:County seat
5493:Rocky Flats
5446:Fernald NLO
4778:October 26,
4329:www.5rb.com
4253:. WTTW News
4230:. WTTW News
4178:October 22,
3588:December 5,
3391:"SpinQuest"
3345:: 363–387.
2983:PRX Quantum
2393:December 2,
1884:January 11,
1618:Big Science
1469:Real ID Act
1229:Mississippi
1227:and up the
1221:Long Island
1191:discrepancy
1177:, muon, or
1097:Soudan Mine
887:Higgs Boson
777:Experiments
733:solid-state
531:ion sources
443:antiprotons
154: /
52:Established
7237:Categories
7208:Law School
6686:Law School
6519:Mooseheart
6494:Bald Mound
6389:Burlington
6384:Blackberry
6309:Montgomery
6303:Maple Park
6250:Burlington
5963:Cloverdale
5918:Naperville
5842:Villa Park
5836:Schaumburg
5781:Glen Ellyn
5754:Burr Ridge
5664:Naperville
5321:Los Alamos
5243:Brookhaven
4988:David Turk
4877:. Fermilab
4748:January 6,
4618:. Fermilab
4283:August 20,
4257:August 20,
4211:August 29,
3875:. Fermilab
3768:, May 2014
3745:August 11,
3577:(Report).
3572:G-2 Report
3456:2007.06722
3423:1601.05471
3352:1903.04608
3053:1810.03703
2996:2007.11157
2890:1705.00073
2856:. Symmetry
2665:August 15,
2639:August 16,
2590:August 15,
2554:August 15,
2501:August 12,
2471:August 13,
2432:August 12,
2367:August 12,
2334:August 12,
2299:August 12,
2264:August 12,
1976:Fermilab.
1650:References
1517:hyperbolic
1236:1300
1225:East Coast
970:MicroBooNE
688:antiproton
592:antiproton
359:, and the
350:MicroBooNE
328:Off-Axis ν
142:88°15′26″W
139:41°49′55″N
7153:Doc Films
6647:Academics
6573:Footnotes
6549:Thornwood
6462:Prestbury
6419:Kaneville
6414:Hampshire
6361:Townships
6298:Lily Lake
6293:Kaneville
6281:Hampshire
6227:Algonquin
6066:Footnotes
6008:Palisades
5885:Townships
5874:Woodridge
5824:Oak Brook
5696:Wood Dale
5350:Oak Ridge
5304:Livermore
4881:April 13,
4859:April 27,
4622:April 13,
4497:April 28,
4444:March 25,
4413:March 25,
4387:March 23,
4012:244441879
3803:April 30,
3377:119088967
3021:220686903
2915:113419509
2837:April 30,
2814:April 30,
2773:April 30,
2724:April 30,
2388:New Atlas
2232:1411.3614
2169:118699490
2144:1409.4861
2115:1205.0536
2093:April 16,
1822:March 23,
1818:. Science
1794:April 13,
1586:barn owls
1502:Brutalist
1101:Minnesota
1049:with the
1025:LBNF/DUNE
964:MiniBooNE
800:top quark
690:ring and
554:(linac).
511:top quark
388:Asteroid
342:MiniBooNE
46:(larger).
7243:Fermilab
7078:Football
6842:Journals
6772:Fermilab
6379:Big Rock
6276:Gilberts
6245:Big Rock
6239:Bartlett
6219:Villages
5988:Lakewood
5928:Winfield
5869:Winfield
5853:Westmont
5797:Hinsdale
5731:Bartlett
5718:Villages
5658:Elmhurst
5275:Fermilab
5206:Berkeley
4828:Fermilab
4802:Archived
4798:Fermilab
4738:Fermilab
4660:Archived
4642:Archived
4585:June 22,
4467:July 28,
4463:. Nature
4362:July 28,
4335:July 28,
4306:July 28,
4234:July 28,
3739:BBC News
3719:April 7,
3714:Fermilab
3693:April 7,
3656:Fermilab
3634:Archived
3579:Archived
3554:Archived
3531:Archived
3510:March 3,
3395:Fermilab
3217:Fermilab
3192:Fermilab
3167:Fermilab
3141:Fermilab
3137:"ICARUS"
3116:Fermilab
3090:Fermilab
2793:Archived
2750:July 10,
2659:Archived
2630:Archived
2545:Archived
2495:Archived
2491:Fermilab
2462:Archived
2423:Archived
2419:Fermilab
2361:Archived
2357:Fermilab
2325:Archived
2317:Fermilab
2293:Archived
2289:Fermilab
2255:Archived
2191:Archived
2071:July 10,
2065:Archived
2041:July 10,
1982:Archived
1961:March 9,
1955:Fermilab
1934:March 9,
1928:Fermilab
1907:March 9,
1857:July 28,
1722:Fermilab
1612:See also
1560:Wildlife
1494:Beauvais
1250:shimming
1241:(0.13%)
1175:electron
1148:Muon g−2
1126:Muon g−2
1121:Muon g−2
1115:Muon g−2
1031:neutrino
1012:SeaQuest
988:Muon g−2
874:decays.
766:Tevatron
692:Tevatron
648:klystron
596:Tevatron
535:hydrogen
499:Tevatron
489:Tevatron
372:Muon g-2
368:SeaQuest
346:SciBooNE
302:neutrino
295:Tevatron
265:Fermilab
170:Fermilab
167:Nickname
129:Illinois
121:Location
102:Director
44:Tevatron
7215:Faculty
7073:Maroons
7002:History
6929:Library
6654:Schools
6509:Freeman
6429:Rutland
6394:Campton
6374:Batavia
6287:Huntley
6179:Batavia
5993:Medinah
5953:Belmont
5893:Addison
5830:Roselle
5819:Lombard
5726:Addison
5691:Wheaton
5647:Chicago
5641:Batavia
5617:Wheaton
5476:Area 20
5471:Area 19
5451:Hanford
5263:NSLS II
5174:Argonne
4562:May 28,
4524:May 16,
4153:May 28,
3992:Bibcode
3461:Bibcode
3401:July 2,
3357:Bibcode
3322:June 7,
3297:June 7,
3272:June 7,
3247:June 7,
3222:June 7,
3197:June 7,
3172:June 7,
3147:July 2,
3121:June 7,
3096:July 2,
3086:"ANNIE"
3058:Bibcode
3001:Bibcode
2895:Bibcode
2237:Bibcode
2187:YouTube
2149:Bibcode
1598:tritium
1365:Science
1325:Science
1187:3
1162:of the
1037:at the
994:of the
976:MINERνA
568:protons
439:protons
413:Batavia
396:History
310:Science
275:, is a
273:Chicago
271:, near
211:Website
113:Address
60: (
7198:Alumni
7189:People
6887:Campus
6544:Starks
6514:La Fox
6489:Almora
6444:Virgil
6409:Geneva
6399:Dundee
6369:Aurora
6340:Virgil
6271:Elburn
6191:Geneva
6173:Aurora
6165:Cities
6155:Geneva
6057:Weston
6052:Tedens
6042:Gostyn
5998:Munger
5913:Milton
5808:Lemont
5803:Itasca
5653:Darien
5635:Aurora
5627:Cities
5488:Pantex
5411:Sandia
5338:Albany
5326:DARHTF
5226:NERSCC
4010:
3626:
3375:
3019:
2913:
2883:: 92.
2622:
2537:
2247:
2167:
1903:. WTTW
1498:France
1443:Access
1432:Nature
848:Ω
740:PIP-II
338:MINOS+
318:ICARUS
82:Budget
6710:Other
6564:Wasco
6554:Udina
6499:Bowes
6472:Other
6424:Plato
6404:Elgin
6345:Wayne
6185:Elgin
6018:Swift
5923:Wayne
5908:Lisle
5847:Wayne
5814:Lisle
5483:NHHOR
5309:NARAC
5287:Idaho
5194:ATLAS
4325:(PDF)
4008:S2CID
3950:(PDF)
3783:(PDF)
3766:(PDF)
3637:(PDF)
3608:(PDF)
3582:(PDF)
3575:(PDF)
3451:arXiv
3418:arXiv
3373:S2CID
3347:arXiv
3048:arXiv
3017:S2CID
2991:arXiv
2911:S2CID
2885:arXiv
2633:(PDF)
2612:(PDF)
2584:(PDF)
2577:(PDF)
2548:(PDF)
2523:(PDF)
2465:(PDF)
2454:(PDF)
2426:(PDF)
2415:(PDF)
2328:(PDF)
2321:(PDF)
2258:(PDF)
2227:arXiv
2219:(PDF)
2165:S2CID
2139:arXiv
2137:(6).
2110:arXiv
1747:(PDF)
1666:(PDF)
1377:arXiv
1307:2032.
942:ANNIE
830:DONUT
584:tesla
334:MINOS
7178:WHPK
7124:Band
5968:Eola
5933:York
5530:Y-12
5525:WIPP
5503:ETEC
5498:SSFL
5456:K-25
5428:SSRL
5423:SLAC
5406:SRNL
5399:TFTR
5394:NSTX
5389:PPPL
5382:EMSL
5370:NCCS
5365:HFIR
5360:CNMS
5345:NREL
5333:NETL
5299:JLab
5292:RESL
5268:RHIC
5258:NSLS
5221:NCEM
5169:Ames
5082:OSTI
4883:2022
4861:2021
4835:2019
4810:2018
4780:2011
4750:2006
4720:2020
4694:2020
4668:2007
4624:2022
4587:2023
4564:2023
4549:2023
4526:2023
4499:2023
4469:2024
4446:2023
4415:2023
4389:2023
4364:2024
4337:2024
4308:2024
4285:2024
4259:2024
4236:2024
4213:2024
4180:2023
4155:2023
4132:2023
4104:2022
4077:2023
3988:2021
3933:2022
3907:2022
3881:2022
3854:2022
3805:2015
3747:2023
3721:2021
3695:2021
3664:2021
3624:ISBN
3590:2015
3512:2020
3403:2023
3324:2019
3299:2019
3274:2019
3249:2019
3224:2019
3199:2019
3174:2019
3149:2023
3123:2019
3098:2023
2940:2019
2862:2021
2839:2022
2816:2022
2775:2022
2752:2021
2726:2022
2667:2015
2641:2015
2620:ISBN
2592:2015
2556:2015
2535:ISBN
2503:2015
2473:2015
2434:2015
2395:2021
2369:2015
2336:2015
2301:2015
2266:2015
2245:ISBN
2199:2021
2095:2022
2073:2013
2043:2013
2013:2021
1990:2009
1963:2021
1936:2021
1909:2021
1886:2011
1859:2024
1824:2023
1796:2022
1730:2021
1700:2021
1674:2024
1629:CERN
1507:The
1460:and
1438:Site
1312:Mu2e
1310:The
1302:The
1293:CERN
1289:Mu2e
1287:and
1164:muon
1109:CERN
1093:NuMI
1043:CERN
1002:NOνA
996:muon
982:Mu2e
910:CERN
881:and
877:The
872:kaon
835:The
824:The
813:The
806:and
798:The
580:YBCO
517:and
441:and
344:and
326:NuMI
322:NOνA
312:and
218:.gov
216:fnal
6454:CDP
5520:SPR
5515:SRS
5508:SRE
5355:SNS
5314:NIF
5280:TeV
5253:CFN
5248:AGS
5236:JGI
5231:ESN
5211:ALS
5199:EMC
5189:APS
5184:CNM
5179:NBL
4553:doi
4000:doi
3616:doi
3469:doi
3365:doi
3066:doi
3009:doi
2903:doi
2157:doi
1529:DNA
1492:in
1243:p-p
1238:ppm
1179:tau
1134:ppm
1099:in
870:in
750:SRF
576:GeV
570:).
560:MeV
548:keV
540:keV
515:CDF
507:TeV
503:GeV
225:Map
7239::
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5598:,
5216:MF
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