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179:(Works of Gracilaso de la Vega with Comments by Fernando de Herrera to the Most Illustrious and Excellent Don Antonio de Guzman, Marques of Ayamonte, Governor of the State of Milan, and Captain General of Italy), written in 1580, displays not only Herrera's admiration for Garcilaso's poetry but also his mastery of the intricate details of said poet's rhythm, choice and order of words, coherency, meter, and the effects they have on the poem as a whole. It is this knowledge which drove Herrera to devote such meticulous attention to his own work.
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Spain, This active atmosphere, however, was somewhat incompatible with
Herrera's personality. He therefore sought solace from the busy city life through his poetry. However, whereas spending much of his time in seclusion allowed him to concentrate on his work and artistic interests, it also brought him much criticism from others. The academic community, especially
109:(literary salon), a meeting of an elite literary circle where he would form many friendships with local poets, men of letters, painters, and artists. It was his relationship with DoƱa Leonor that provided Herrera with his muse. Herrera's love for DoƱa Leonor inspired his love poems. However, they were never enough to provoke the same feelings in her.
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After the death of Leonor in 1581, Herrera lost his desire to write further love poetry. In addition, the death of the count in 1582 ended his attendance at the disbanded literary tertulia at the palace. Henceforth, Herrera devoted himself to two major projects: a history of the world up to the death
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Herrera's love poetry inspired by his muse, the
Countess of Gelves, can be divided into two periods. The first, "Rimas Juventiles" (Youthful Rhymes), is defined by Herrera's description of love as a blissful state, in which there is neither pain nor suffering; in this state, even the impossible can
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Although
Herrera's family was only moderately wealthy, they were highly esteemed in Seville. During Herrera's lifetime, Seville was a bustling port city from which many transatlantic voyages would embark, and trading took place with countries all over the world. It was the most cosmopolitan city in
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Versos de
Fernando de Herrera Emendados y divididos por el en tres libros: A don Gaspar de GuzmĆ”n, Conde de Olivares, Gentilhombre de la CĆ”mara del PrĆncipe nuestro SeƱor, Alcaide de los Alcazares Reales de Sevilla y Comendador de Bivoras en la Orden de
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Relacion de la guerra de Chipre y sucesso de la batalla Naual de
Lepanto Escrito por Fernando de Herrera, dirigido al ilustrissimo y excelentissimo dƵ AlƵso Perez de Guzman el Bueno, Duque de Medina Sidonia y Conde de Niebla. Seville: Alonso
82:, whose style influenced his own poetry. Herrera did not just have an antiquarian interest in knowledge, however; he was interested in current events, especially those related to the military. Evidence of this is seen in his patriotic
151:, or songs), for example, are accounts of contemporary military leaders and events in which Herrera demonstrates his patriotism, loyalty to the Christian faith, and respect for great leaders. Three poems concerning this theme include
290:"Fernando de Herrera," in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 318: Sixteenth-Century Spanish Writers. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Gregory B. Kaplan, University of Tennessee. Gale, 2005, pp. 113ā119.
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A third major area of
Herrera's work, and one for which he is best known, is related to Garcilaso de la Vega, the Spanish poet and author whom Herrera held in the highest esteem. One of Herrera's most famous works,
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Obras de Garci Lasso de la Vega con anotaciones de
Fernando de Herrera al ilutrissimo i ecelentissimo SeƱor don Antonio de Guzman, Marques de Ayamonte, Governador del Estado de Milan, i Capitan General de
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Obras de Garci Lasso con anotaciones de
Fernando de Herrera al ilustrissimo i ecelentissimo SeƱor don Antonio de Guzman, Marques de Ayamonte, Governador del Estado de Milan, i Capitan General de Italia
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happen. In the second period, love escapes reality and lives in a world of fantasy and perfection. To this period belongs the "PoesĆas" (Poems), a body of poetry, published in successive editions.
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Other examples of
Herrera's work include the translation of Latin and Italian works into Castilian, a biography of Thomas More, and a history of the world. Some of his most well-known works are:
163:(Ode to Don Juan de Austria, Conqueror of the Moors in the Alpujarras), written in 1571, where Herrera celebrates a leader who stopped a Muslim revolt between 1568 and 1571; and
78:, the classics, and the Bible (all of which influenced his work) ā he was never known to have held any academic degree. He admired one Spanish poet in particular,
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144:. In addition, his knowledge of poetic topics helped him to become one of the leaders of the school of poets to which Herrera belonged in Seville.
101:, a parish of Seville. However, though Herrera displayed a love for solitude, he was no hermit. Around 1559, he struck up a friendship with Don
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y
Portugal, Count of Gelves, and his wife, DoƱa Leonor de MilĆ”n de CĆ³rdoba y AragĆ³n. Herrera was frequently invited by the count to attend his
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The works of Herrera cover a wide range of subjects, representing his large span of knowledge and interests. Herrera's military poetry (his
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Herrera's meticulous study and eventual mastery of poetic discourse earned him the name "el Divino" ("the divine one"), a name given him by
155:(Ode to the Victory of Don Juan), written in 1572, where patriotism is displayed in praising the work done by the Spanish navy at the
167:(Ode to the Defeat of King Sebastian), written in 1579, where the poet commemorates the death of a Portuguese king.
280:. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Edited by Gregory B. Kaplan, University of Tennessee. Gale, 2005, pp. 113ā119.
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TomƔs Moro de Fernando de Herrera al ilustrissimo SeƱor don Rodrigo de Castro Cardenal y Arzobispo de Sevilla
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Algunas obras de Fernando de Herrera al illustriss. S.D. Fernando Enriquez de Ribera Marques de Tarifa
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50:(Book of the Description of the True Portraits of Illustrious and Memorable Men) (1599) by
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293:"Herrera, Fernando de," in Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature, Edition 1, 1995.
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86:(songs) in which he expresses feelings toward contemporary military leaders and actions.
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CanciĆ³n al seƱor don Juan de Austria vencedor de los moriscos en las Alpujarras
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Libro de descripciĆ³n de verdaderos retratos de illustres y memorables varones
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Cancion en Alabanza de la Diuina Magestad por la vitoria del SeƱor don Juan
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Although well-learned and knowledgeable ā Herrera was a great admirer of
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230:, edited by GarcĆa de Diego. Madrid: "La Lectura," 1914.
34:(~1534ā1597), called "El Divino", was a 16th-century
89:To accommodate his need for refuge, Herrera took
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46:. Much of what is known about him comes from
205:. Seville: Printed by Andrea Pescioni, 1582.
165:CanciĆ³n por la pĆ©rdida del Rei don SebastiĆ”n
270:Imperiale, Louis. "Fernando de Herrera".
153:CanciĆ³n por la Victoria del SeƱor don Juan
23:Portrait of Fernando de Herrera (1599) by
224:, 2 volumes. Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1786.
218:. Seville: Gabriel Ramos Vejarano, 1619.
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93:in the Catholic Church and received a
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237:. Seville: Alonso de la Barrera, 1580.
211:. Seville: Alonso de la Barrera, 1592.
71:, mocked him for his unorthodox ways.
309:Works by or about Fernando de Herrera
257:at New Advent Catholic Encyclopaedia.
297:Sweet Briar College webpage: Herrera
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