165:
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knowledge few serious studies have been published on the nature and extent of feudal power in
Pakistan, and none to my knowledge on the hegemony which feudal culture enjoys in this country.” Nicolas Martin's work is in this respect an exception, although he argues that it is politically influential landlords, and not all landlords, who wield the despotic and arbitrary powers that are often attributed to the landed classes as a whole.
202:, who were granted the job of overseeing of the land, never owned their mansabs but were only granted a share of its earnings as a reward for their work. Thus, since they never owned the land, they did not have the right to pass it on to their offspring, either. This non-ownership of land is the essential difference between modern feudalism and the Mughal mansabdari system.
218:
Khar and
Qureshi families. These families each own thousands of acres of prime agricultural land with thousands of villagers living on and tending to the family land. The Jatoi family owns 45,000 acres of land and the Khan family owns 30,000 acres. The Khar and Mirani families are smaller each owning 6,000 acres of agricultural land. With this concentration of
91:
local people through debt bondage; the harming of progress and prosperity by feudals who discourage the education of their "subjects" for fear it will weaken feudal power; the giving of space to extremists who peasants turn to in the search for deliverance from the cruelty of feudal lords; and an agriculture sector made stagnant by absentee landlordism.
90:
Critics of feudalism have complained of a culture of feudal impunity, where local police will refuse to pursue charges against an influential landowning family even when murder or mayhem have been committed; of abuse of power by some landlords who may place enemies in "private prisons" and "enslave"
217:
Almost half of
Pakistan's GDP and the bulk of its export earnings are derived from the agricultural sector, which is controlled by a few thousand feudal families. Some of the most powerful feudal dynasties include the Jatoi, Zardari, Mazari, Mehr, Malik Awan, Chaudhary, Bhutto, Mirani, Khan, Zehri,
208:
However, after the fall of the Mughal Empire, these mansabdars, turned into de facto hereditary landlords and petty chiefs of their mansabs. With the Mughal ruler gone, there was no one to stop them from doing so. But, sadly for them, soon enough, a new force was to gain control of their land – the
99:
never developed large concentrations of land ownership or a feudal class, and what is called feudal in
Pakistan is merely a "rural gentry", who are "junior partners" to those who actually hold power (Haider Nizamani). “Feudalism serves as the whipping boy of Pakistan’s intelligentsia. Yet, to my
94:
Others have complained that
Pakistan has developed a "fixation" on feudalism (Michael Kugelman); that it has become a scapegoat for Pakistan's problems, frequently denounced but not seriously studied (Eqbal Ahmed); a "favorite boogie of the urban educated elites"; or that it does not exist because
440:
5 per cent of agricultural households own nearly two-thirds of
Pakistan's farmland ... Pakistanis have a fixation with feudalism. Civil society and politicians skewer it with a vengeance, and even those with presumed feudal qualifications issue denunciations (Shahbaz Sharif recently declared that
151:
This acquisition of lands – and its pattern – determined the method of revenue collection that the colonial power opted for, beginning with the diwani, the first time the
British gained the right to collect revenue from local land. In due time, with the introduction of the British Raj, they would
50:
passed down generation after generation, and power over the distribution of water, fertilisers, tractor permits and agricultural credit, which in turn gives them influence over the revenue, police and judicial administration of local government. In recent times, particularly "harsh feudalism" has
619:
Feudalism serves as the whipping boy of
Pakistan's intelligentsia. Yet, to my knowledge not one serious study exists on the nature and extent of feudal power in Pakistan, and none to my knowledge on the hegemony which feudal culture enjoys in this
441:"feudal lords have ruined" the country). Such vitriol may lead some to hide their feudal bonafides. A long-time South Asia-based foreign correspondent once quipped that when Pakistanis insist they aren't feudals, then they must be feudals.
197:
Often criticized for being the root of our modern feudal system, the mansabdari system was in fact different in many essential ways. First and foremost, the system granted ownership on a non-hereditary transferable basis. The officials,
143:
were in rule over most part of the region. As a part of their revenue administration was the mansabdari system through which they regulated control over the land revenue of the country. This system, introduced by Mughal
Emperor
27:
has been used to mean "a relatively small group of politically active and powerful landowners." "Feudal attitude" refers to "a combination of arrogance and entitlement." According to the
103:
Despite its political influence, feudalism has become so unpopular in public expression and the media that "feudal lords" are denounced even by some from "feudal" families (such as
152:
stamp their legal authority over the
Undivided India by introducing a number of reforms that would systematically create a new breed of intermediaries in the revenue system.
148:, remained in place from the late 16th Century (dates vary between 1575 and 1595) till the fall of the Mughal Empire.A Brief History of British Land Acquisition in India
885:
268:
During the '50s and the '60s, the feudal families retained control over national affairs through the bureaucracy and military. In 1971, they assumed direct power as
291:(former Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan) family has held power for decades in Gujranwala-hafizabad districts as the Chief of the Chattha Feudals.
610:
1597:
913:
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usually refers to the power and influence of large landowning families, particularly those with very large estates in more remote areas. The adjective "
1335:
28:
2395:
3011:
847:
Pakistan Under the Stranglehold of Feudalism (Pakistan Jagirdari Zamindari Nizam Ke Shikajije Men): A Nation Under the Agony of Fundamentalism
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is a large landowner from Sindh as well as the widower of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
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71:(Lower House) and most of the key executive posts in the provinces were held by feudals, according to scholar Sharif Shuja.
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856:, edited by Sir Edmund Leach, S.N. Mukherjee and John O. Ward, 175–196. Sydney: Sydney Studies in Society and Culture.
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1986:
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1998:
283:, is a major landowner from South Punjab (Multan) and from a long-standing political family. The President former
229:, the political party that established Pakistan in 1947, was dominated primarily by feudal landowners such as the
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1232:
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Habib, Irfan. 1974. "The Social Distribution of Landed Property in Pre-British India (a historical survey)."
68:
873:
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175:
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1953:
1839:
1814:
1185:
959:
722:
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3525:
3495:
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3062:
2986:
2797:
2552:
2547:
2063:
1981:
1963:
1859:
1577:
1266:
949:
427:
3626:
3515:
3312:
3251:
3236:
3221:
3179:
2931:
2652:
2625:
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1973:
1798:
1649:
1602:
1507:
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1125:
1015:
989:
969:
273:
979:
453:
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2814:
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2662:
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1849:
1819:
1451:
1207:
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Coulborn, Rushton. 1968. "Feudalism, Brahmanism and the Intrusion of Islam upon Indian History."
272:
was from a very large landowning family and retained it until the military regained power. Nawab
39:
31:(PILER), 5% of agricultural households in Pakistan own nearly two-thirds of Pakistan's farmland.
3302:
3196:
3167:
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2480:
2428:
2418:
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2083:
1922:
1829:
1783:
1710:
1614:
1483:
1415:
1342:
1079:
1005:
822:
Herring, Ronald J. 1979. "Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the 'Eradication of Feudalism' in Pakistan".
400:
334:
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hails from a prominent feudal Sufi family in Multan and is also followed as a religious saint.
226:
3581:
667:
3415:
3405:
3274:
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2694:
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2559:
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2385:
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2025:
1793:
1763:
1695:
1639:
1562:
1436:
1330:
1040:
954:
879:
118:
centered around a feudal lord (Chaudhry Hashmat) who rules his fiefdom, "with an iron grip".
3616:
1147:
3485:
3358:
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3334:
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3191:
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1788:
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751:
319:
292:
1120:
8:
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3135:
3130:
3095:
3042:
2981:
2965:
2911:
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2824:
2764:
2635:
2423:
2288:
2149:
2124:
1948:
1544:
1463:
1357:
1030:
1020:
944:
931:
298:
Thus, large landowners have dominated Pakistan's politics since the country's inception.
288:
269:
2315:
1130:
276:, an Awan, was Nawab of Kalabagh and remained governor of West Pakistan from 1960-1966.
74:
Explanations for the power of "feudal" landowning families that has waned in other post-
3535:
3379:
3329:
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3259:
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1876:
1624:
1458:
393:
280:
131:"It was Akbar not the British colonizers who left us this parasitical curse". When the
3663:
3657:
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3400:
3348:
3286:
3241:
3162:
3125:
2255:
2250:
1869:
1864:
1844:
1690:
1592:
1407:
1321:
1157:
1025:
704:
694:
115:
891:
3231:
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2729:
2129:
1834:
1217:
1197:
314:
284:
60:
1473:
964:
515:
3667:
3510:
3003:
2617:
1720:
1609:
819:, 264–316. Editors R. S. Sharma, and V. Jha. New Delhi: Peoples Publishing House.
769:
136:
67:
have been called "feudal-oriented", and as of 2007, more than two-thirds of the
3385:
3206:
1768:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1705:
1634:
1135:
1089:
1084:
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104:
75:
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2724:
2719:
1758:
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1619:
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1170:
1140:
708:
140:
3047:
2139:
1927:
1730:
1665:
1587:
1281:
47:
42:, which is handled by "peasants or tenants who live at subsistence level."
34:
Large joint families in Pakistan may possess hundreds or even thousands of
3115:
2114:
1968:
1824:
1778:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1227:
1180:
1175:
1165:
808:
Gopal, Lallanji. 1963. "On Some Problems of Feudalism in Ancient India."
801:
Gopal, K. K. 1962. "Feudal Composition of Army in Early Medieval India."
777:
554:"FEUDALISM IS A MAJOR OBSTACLE IN THE WAY OF SOCIAL MOBILITY IN PAKISTAN"
246:
132:
56:
164:
3490:
3211:
2134:
2119:
1993:
1700:
1301:
1099:
96:
852:
Pearson, Michael N. 1985. "Land, Noble and Ruler in Mughal India." In
1276:
1271:
1202:
238:
199:
20:
1499:
3340:
1670:
1629:
1572:
1530:
923:
780:. 1980. "India: Transition from Feudalism to Colonial Capitalism."
250:
234:
230:
43:
24:
552:
Khan, Jahanzaib; Dasti, Humaira Arif; Khan, Abdul Rasheed (2013).
3500:
1567:
789:
Landlord power and rural indebtedness in colonial Sind, 1865-1901
330:
Islamic economics in Pakistan § Land reform and Islamisation
262:
838:
Mukhia, Harbans. 1981. "Was there Feudalism in Indian History?"
325:
Agriculture in Pakistan § Land distribution and land reform
3392:
258:
1094:
254:
145:
52:
35:
3279:
1773:
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No Shame for the Sun: Lives of Professional Pakistani Women
242:
38:
of land, while making little or no direct contribution to
771:
Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947
46:
power may be based on control over local people through
921:
886:
Feudalism in Pakistan by Asian Human Right Commission
746:
744:
810:
Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute
880:
Massive peasant conference demands end of feudalism
829:Mohmand, Shandana Khan & Gazdar, Haris. 2007.
741:
392:
29:Pakistan Institute of Labor Education and Research
803:Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society
3680:
688:
421:
419:
417:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
222:, they also have considerable political power.
817:Historical Probings in Memory of D. D. Kosambi
1515:
907:
826:, 21, 519–557. doi:10.1017/S0010417500013165.
551:
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479:
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347:
579:
561:Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan
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545:
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539:
537:
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533:
110:In media portrayals, the very popular 1975
1522:
1508:
914:
900:
824:Comparative Studies in Society and History
796:Comparative Studies in Society and History
625:
386:
384:
212:
861:Politics, landlords and Islam in Pakistan
691:Politics, landlords and Islam in Pakistan
468:
85:
715:
657:
651:
530:
425:
78:societies such as India include lack of
3094:
634:"Land Reform: Time for Feudalism to go"
585:
381:
362:
279:The former Prime Minister of Pakistan,
3681:
1249:Caste system among South Asian Muslims
486:"The sources of Pakistan's insecurity"
155:
3093:
2762:
2365:
2023:
1542:
1529:
1503:
895:
631:
608:
510:
508:
506:
483:
426:Kugelman, Michael (January 3, 2013).
399:. Syracuse University Press. p.
390:
309:The State of Bonded Labor in Pakistan
3012:Securities & Exchange Commission
588:"Pakistan's fight against feudalism"
428:"Pakistan's fixation with feudalism"
159:
832:Social Structures in Rural Pakistan
126:
13:
2680:Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)
1223:Violence against women in Pakistan
798:, vol. 10, no. 3 (April), 356–374.
762:
689:Martin, Nicolas (8 October 2015).
658:Nizamani, Haider (30 April 2008).
503:
205:Mansabdars turn into Petty Chiefs
17:Feudalism in contemporary Pakistan
14:
3710:
867:
660:"Is there feudalism in Pakistan?"
609:Ahmed, Eqbal (February 2, 1998).
194:Difference from Modern Feudalism
3662:
3653:
3652:
2685:Pakistani Intelligence community
632:Najam, Adil (February 5, 2007).
454:"Does feudalism exist in Sindh?"
363:Kristof, Nicholas (2009-08-01).
163:
3073:Redundant Islamic economisation
682:
484:Shuja, Sharif (June 22, 2007).
2366:
975:Pakistan Remittance Initiative
854:Feudalism: Comparative Studies
602:
261:. The sole exception were the
1:
2024:
1442:Domestic violence in Pakistan
782:Journal of Contemporary India
774:. Cambridge University Press.
611:"Feudal culture and violence"
340:
59:, and some parts of Southern
845:Naim Ullah, Mohammed. 2003.
666:. Daily Dawn. Archived from
586:Mustafa, Ali (21 Aug 2014).
456:. Dawn.com. November 4, 2012
7:
2872:Water supply and sanitation
2763:
1543:
1398:Water supply and sanitation
1336:List of terrorist incidents
1191:Balochistan honour killings
301:
10:
3715:
3699:Debt bondage in South Asia
1233:Women's rights in Pakistan
1054:School corporal punishment
882:internationalviewpoint.org
840:Journal of Peasant Studies
664:Overseas Pakistani Friends
121:
3643:
3554:
3446:
3372:
3295:
3250:
3106:
3102:
3089:
3068:Public-private partnering
3030:
2974:
2882:
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2616:
2578:
2533:
2473:
2411:
2391:National Security Council
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2191:
2148:
2107:
2036:
2032:
2019:
1936:
1890:
1807:
1751:
1744:
1658:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1429:
1406:
1388:Effects of global warming
1378:
1320:
1267:Insurgency in Balochistan
1257:
1241:
1156:
1113:
1062:
1039:
998:
930:
922:Socio-economic issues in
842:, vol. 8, no. 3, 273–310.
835:. Asian Development Bank.
727:Drama Serial Waris on ptv
249:, Mahers, Maliks, Khans,
1297:Religious discrimination
274:Malik Amir Mohammad Khan
1820:Second Anglo-Afghan War
859:Martin, Nicolas. 2015.
787:Cheesman, David. 1997.
752:"Feudalism in Pakistan"
516:"Feudalism in Pakistan"
365:"Feudalism in Pakistan"
213:In independent Pakistan
40:agricultural production
3053:Military economisation
2658:Enforced disappearance
2441:Provincial governments
1982:Balochistan insurgency
1840:Hindi–Urdu controversy
1830:Third Anglo-Afghan War
1784:First Anglo-Afghan War
1292:Secessionist movements
1080:Sex-selective abortion
849:. Rehmat Publications.
729:. pakistanitvdrama.com
391:Haeri, Shahla (2002).
335:Murder of Nazim Jokhio
227:Pakistan Muslim League
225:The leadership of the
172:This section is empty.
135:first set foot on the
86:Criticism and analysis
3689:Feudalism in Pakistan
3163:Gender discrimination
2560:Federal Shariat Court
2525:Provincial assemblies
1794:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1696:Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
768:Ansari, Sarah. 1992.
289:Hamid Nasir Chattha's
3622:World Heritage Sites
3597:Mausolea and shrines
3043:Directive investment
2345:World Heritage Sites
2279:Archaeological sites
2214:Environmental issues
1903:Monarchy of Pakistan
1898:Dominion of Pakistan
1789:First Anglo-Sikh War
1380:Environmental issues
1105:Polygamy in Pakistan
874:Pakistan land reform
723:"Pakistani TV Drama"
670:on 30 September 2011
320:Politics of Pakistan
293:Shah Mehmood Qureshi
23:" in the context of
3694:Society of Pakistan
3096:Society and Culture
3022:Trading Corporation
2830:Planning Commission
2419:National government
1474:Alcohol prohibition
1421:Internet censorship
1353:Illegal immigration
1312:Decline of Hinduism
1307:Freedom of religion
980:Reverse brain drain
638:ALL THINGS PAKISTAN
490:Contemporary Review
270:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
156:Under colonial rule
112:Pakistan Television
63:. Pakistan's major
2850:Telecommunications
2742:Civil Armed Forces
2690:Capital punishment
2508:National Assembly
1923:Liaquat–Nehru Pact
1860:Jinnah's 14 Points
1764:East India Company
1287:Sectarian violence
1148:Child prostitution
940:Standard of living
863:. Routledge India.
518:. TIMES OF KARACHI
281:Yousuf Raza Gilani
3676:
3675:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3562:Botanical gardens
3511:Marathon (Lahore)
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3084:
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3048:Industrialisation
3031:Policy programmes
2845:Tallest buildings
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2753:
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2603:Political parties
2593:Foreign relations
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2356:
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2306:Natural disasters
2199:Botanical gardens
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
1870:Direct Action Day
1865:Lahore Resolution
1855:Two nation theory
1845:Pakistan Movement
1598:Hellenic Pakistan
1497:
1496:
1393:Natural disasters
1348:Human trafficking
192:
191:
69:National Assembly
65:political parties
51:existed in rural
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2999:Investment board
2867:Water management
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2458:Local government
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2130:Pothohar Plateau
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2020:
1908:Governor-General
1835:Aligarh Movement
1774:Sikh Confederacy
1749:
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1666:Indo-Hephthalite
1606:
1553:
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1500:
1489:Police brutality
1198:Hudood Ordinance
916:
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622:
613:. Archived from
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315:Indian feudalism
285:Asif Ali Zardari
187:
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174:You can help by
167:
160:
127:In Mughal Empire
3714:
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3708:
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3679:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3631:
3550:
3442:
3426:Public holidays
3368:
3291:
3246:
3098:
3077:
3058:Nationalisation
3038:Corporatisation
3026:
3005:
2970:
2949:Pharmaceuticals
2878:
2820:Fuel extraction
2767:
2746:
2701:
2670:Law enforcement
2612:
2574:
2570:District Courts
2543:Supreme Council
2529:
2509:
2494:
2485:Majlis-e-Shoora
2482:
2469:
2451:Chief Ministers
2407:
2370:
2349:
2294:weather records
2267:
2224:Protected areas
2187:
2144:
2103:
2028:
2003:
1932:
1913:Princely states
1886:
1803:
1740:
1654:
1610:Seleucid Empire
1600:
1547:
1534:
1528:
1498:
1493:
1425:
1402:
1374:
1365:Organised crime
1358:Afghan refugees
1316:
1253:
1237:
1152:
1121:Street children
1109:
1070:Family planning
1058:
1035:
994:
926:
920:
870:
765:
763:Further reading
760:
759:
754:. 17 July 2015.
750:
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742:
732:
730:
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720:
716:
701:
687:
683:
673:
671:
656:
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630:
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617:on 2016-03-03.
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389:
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304:
215:
188:
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137:Undivided India
129:
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88:
12:
11:
5:
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2776:Infrastructure
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2463:Union councils
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2434:Prime Minister
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2209:Climate change
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2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
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1999:Liberalization
1996:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:KPK insurgency
1984:
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1971:
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1186:Honour killing
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960:Communications
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868:External links
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3063:Privatisation
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3049:
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2553:Chief Justice
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1978:Insurgencies
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1959:1971 Movement
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3648:Basic topics
3481:Field hockey
3391:
3384:
3339:
3303:Architecture
3252:Demographics
3237:Urbanisation
3222:Prostitution
3180:Human rights
3152:
3146:Institutions
2653:Human rights
2626:Constitution
2597:
2484:
2323:Subdivisions
2272:Other topics
2140:Sistan Basin
1974:Islamisation
1949:Indus Treaty
1944:1947–present
1928:Baghdad Pact
1882:Independence
1752:Pre-colonial
1583:Indo-Iranics
1578:Indus Valley
1478:
1447:Human rights
1282:Pashtunistan
1242:Caste system
1213:Prostitution
1126:Child labour
1016:Malnutrition
990:Urbanisation
970:Labour force
860:
853:
846:
839:
831:
823:
816:
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802:
795:
791:. Routledge.
788:
781:
778:Alavi, Hamza
770:
733:December 30,
731:. Retrieved
726:
717:
690:
684:
672:. Retrieved
668:the original
663:
653:
641:. Retrieved
637:
627:
618:
615:the original
604:
592:. Retrieved
590:. al-Jazeera
581:
569:. Retrieved
564:
560:
520:. Retrieved
493:. Retrieved
489:
458:. Retrieved
448:
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432:. Retrieved
404:. Retrieved
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368:
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176:adding to it
171:
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102:
93:
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73:
48:debt bondage
33:
16:
15:
3521:Paralympics
3416:Nationalism
3411:Gun culture
3270:Immigration
3116:Aurat March
2897:Agriculture
2815:Foreign aid
2783:Electricity
2608:Martial law
2565:High Courts
2481:Parliament
2474:Legislative
2311:earthquakes
2239:sanctuaries
2192:Environment
2158:Coal fields
2125:Indus Plain
2115:Arabian Sea
1969:Project-706
1825:Durand Line
1815:British Raj
1779:Sikh Empire
1676:Rai dynasty
1601: [
1452:LGBT rights
1259:Communalism
1228:Watta satta
1208:Pornography
1181:Eve teasing
1176:Dowry death
1166:Acid attack
965:Brain drain
812:, 44, 1-32.
80:land reform
57:Balochistan
3683:Categories
3567:Cemeteries
3506:Motorsport
3491:Gillidanda
3354:Philosophy
3335:Literature
3212:Pakistanis
3168:Healthcare
3006:(currency)
2907:Automotive
2429:Ministries
2412:Government
2368:Governance
2204:Ecoregions
2173:Oil fields
2163:Gas fields
2135:Salt Range
2120:Gwadar Bay
2094:Waterfalls
2084:Topography
1994:Kargil War
1625:Indo-Greek
1593:Achaemenid
1588:Indo-Aryan
1484:Secularism
1416:Censorship
1343:Corruption
1302:Sindhudesh
1006:Healthcare
674:8 February
643:8 February
594:7 February
571:7 February
522:7 February
495:7 February
460:7 February
434:7 February
430:. Dawn.com
406:7 February
374:2023-12-17
341:References
239:Chaudharys
200:mansabdars
97:South Asia
3592:Libraries
3582:Gurdwaras
3456:Athletics
3406:Etiquette
3373:Lifestyle
3325:Festivals
3275:Languages
3265:Ethnicity
3173:Hospitals
3153:Feudalism
3141:Education
2994:Companies
2922:Husbandry
2892:Aerospace
2737:Air force
2695:Terrorism
2598:Feudalism
2588:Elections
2446:Governors
2386:President
2333:districts
2328:provinces
2178:Volcanoes
2069:Mountains
2026:Geography
1877:Partition
1799:Rebellion
1701:Ghaznavid
1563:Stone age
1479:Feudalism
1437:Democracy
1331:Terrorism
1277:Jinnahpur
1272:Hazarewal
1203:Karo-kari
1041:Education
955:Transport
709:927438002
251:Jagirdars
235:Zamindars
231:Taluqdars
209:British.
3658:Category
3617:Stadiums
3572:Churches
3541:Swimming
3516:Olympics
3486:Football
3461:Baseball
3380:Clothing
3359:Textiles
3341:Mushaira
3330:Folklore
3260:Diaspora
3227:Religion
3192:Marriage
3158:Feminism
2975:Commerce
2954:Textiles
2917:Forestry
2884:Industry
2707:Military
2580:Politics
2535:Judicial
2501:Chairman
2246:Wildlife
2168:Minerals
2099:Wetlands
2054:Glaciers
2037:Features
1964:1971 War
1954:1965 War
1937:Republic
1918:1947 War
1891:Dominion
1808:Colonial
1671:Kambojas
1659:Medieval
1630:Gandhara
1573:Mehrgarh
1533:articles
1531:Pakistan
1469:Gambling
1114:Children
1075:Abortion
1049:Literacy
1011:HIV/AIDS
985:Pensions
924:Pakistan
620:country.
302:See also
76:colonial
44:Landlord
25:Pakistan
3607:Museums
3602:Mosques
3501:Kabaddi
3476:Cycling
3471:Cricket
3436:Symbols
3401:Cuisine
3364:Theatre
3136:Divorce
3131:Culture
3108:Society
2982:Banking
2966:Tourism
2912:Fishery
2902:Defence
2860:Bridges
2840:Poverty
2825:Housing
2798:Nuclear
2788:Thermal
2765:Economy
2730:Marines
2715:History
2516:Speaker
2493:Senate
2424:Cabinet
2301:Borders
2289:Climate
2284:Borders
2219:Forests
2150:Geology
2089:Valleys
2059:Islands
2049:Deserts
2044:Beaches
1769:Durrani
1736:Timurid
1721:Tughlaq
1691:Solanki
1568:Soanian
1556:Ancient
1545:History
1464:Suicide
1100:Divorce
1031:Smoking
1021:Obesity
945:Poverty
932:Economy
263:Jinnahs
259:Sardars
141:Mughals
133:British
122:History
3668:Portal
3555:Places
3546:Tennis
3536:Squash
3466:Boxing
3448:Sports
3393:Mehndi
3308:Cinema
3207:Naming
3202:Me Too
3004:Rupee
2944:Mining
2927:Labour
2675:Police
2338:cities
2316:floods
2183:Floods
2079:Rivers
2074:Passes
1759:Mughal
1745:Modern
1726:Sayyid
1716:Khalji
1711:Mamluk
1706:Ghurid
1645:Kushan
1620:Maurya
1603:simple
1063:Family
999:Health
707:
697:
139:, the
61:Punjab
21:feudal
3612:Parks
3577:Forts
3531:Rugby
3431:Songs
3421:Flags
3349:Music
3320:Dance
3313:Films
3287:Youth
3242:Women
3197:Media
3126:Crime
2987:Banks
2939:Media
2932:Child
2803:Solar
2793:Hydro
2379:State
2256:fauna
2251:flora
2108:Areas
2064:Lakes
1681:Shahi
1605:]
1459:Hijra
1430:Other
1408:Media
1322:Crime
1158:Women
1136:Swara
1095:Dowry
1026:Polio
950:Slums
805:, 28.
557:(PDF)
255:Nawab
243:Rajas
146:Akbar
116:Waris
53:Sindh
36:acres
3627:Zoos
3526:Polo
3496:Golf
3296:Arts
3280:Urdu
3232:Time
3216:list
3185:LGBT
2959:Silk
2835:Post
2808:Wind
2725:Navy
2720:Army
2663:LGBT
2263:Zoos
1731:Lodi
1686:Pala
1218:Rape
1141:Vani
888:2010
876:2007
735:2011
705:OCLC
695:ISBN
676:2015
645:2015
596:2015
573:2015
524:2015
497:2015
462:2015
436:2015
408:2015
257:and
247:Rais
2646:PCO
2641:WPB
2636:PPC
2631:LFO
2618:Law
2403:NCA
2396:CNS
178:.
107:).
3685::
743:^
725:.
703:.
693:.
662:.
636:.
565:50
563:.
559:.
532:^
505:^
488:.
470:^
438:.
416:^
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383:^
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185:)
181:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
