265:, which considerably reduced the length of the forward strut as well as being them a slender and somewhat elegant shape. As per convention amongst monoplanes of the era, the undercarriage was principally stressed in the axial direction. The axles were composed of high-tensile steel and were intentionally shaped as to ensure maximum rigidity as well as minimising weight. These axles were positioned at the ends of struts hinged to the fuselage at the planes of symmetry which reduced the lateral motion of the wheels to a minimum. Each axle incorporated a device that minimised the braking stresses imposed on the whole assembly; the brakes were controlled either by hand or via the
482:
436:
166:
cabin. The transverse frames and side walls of the fuselage were constructed in a manner that provided ample unobstructed spaces and permitted the use of relatively large doors without incurring excessive external dimensions. A total of four doors were present, two on each side of the fuselage; this was felt to increase the aircraft's safety level. A specialised device was present to overcome any difficulties in the opening of the doors during flight, better facilitating the occupant's emergency egress.
413:
1455:
1479:
458:
1467:
26:
270:
while the third rod, which carried a shock absorber composed of rubber disks inside the fuselage, was aligned vertically. The lower end of the third rod was hinged to the top of the skid, which had a spoon-shaped show with a guiding rib. This style of skid was somewhat unorthodox and was claimed to be less prone to digging into the ground.
147:
easily disconnected at the direction of the pilot. Directly behind the pilot' seat was a sizable baggage compartment, the variable weight of which could be easily offset via adjustments of the aircraft stabilizer. Structurally, the fuselage, wing and tail surfaces were all supported by a tubular framework made entirely of
323:, 9-cylinder radial engined example to set the seaplane altitude record in its class at 7,362 m (24,154 ft). Swapping wheels for pontoons, the same aircraft went on to set the equivalent landplane record two days later at 9,282 m (30,453 ft). Long-distance feats included flights from
146:
aircraft intended for long-distance touring and training. Both the pilot and passenger were completely enclosed within a cabin, the latter typically being seated in front of the former. The aircraft was typically provisioned with two complete sets of flight control; however, the forward set could be
282:
for the adjustment mechanism, while the elevator incorporated a pair of balancing projections towards the ends of its leading edge. The hinge axle at the leading edge had a casing composed of duralumin sheeting that matched a corresponding casing on the rear spar of the stabiliser, both having been
165:
were fitted that permitted both the pilot and passenger to stick their heads of the aircraft without being fully exposed to strong winds. The pilot's position also benefitted in this respect from the use of a transparent roof for the cabin. Active ventilation was used to regulate the climate of the
250:
instead of being rigidly embedded. A box rib that was suitably joined to a corresponding rib integral with the fuselage established an optimal junction between the wing and fuselage. Precautions were taken to suitably stiffen the wing structure against the stresses transmitted by its covering. The
273:
The aircraft was outfitted with large tail surfaces; the tail unit had a similar duralumin structure to that of the wing. The aircraft was furnished with an adjustable stabiliser, although such adjustments could only be performed while on the ground; it was otherwise easily adapted for effective
269:
bars in order to facilitate ground movements. The tail skid consisted of three steel rods that formed a pyramid, the vertex of which was the point of contact with the ground. Two of the rods were attached to the fuselage via coaxial hinges normal to the vertical plane of symmetry of the fuselage
189:
fuel tanks located on the roof of the cabin, which had a capacity of 125 liters (33 gallons); an additional pair of supplementary tanks, with a capacity of 45 liters (roughly 12 gallons) each, could be installed in the cabin. The oil tank, complete with a
230:. Similar tubing was also used for the spars, which were lightened along the walls as well as reinforced where it was deemed to be necessary to do so in relation to the covering of the wing. The lightening along the spar's walls formed a
206:
manoeuvres. The engine mounting was a thick duralumin sheet with to which the supporting struts were bolted into steel fittings; these had relatively large dimensions in order to amply handle the engine's vibrations. The
202:
bar and had a capacity of 10 liters (2.6 gallons). Fuel is delivered to the engine via a self-regulating engine-driven pump; this is capable of consistently supplying fuel even during protracted
151:, save for numerous steel fittings. The forward section of the fuselage was partially covered by a metal sheathing; aft of the pilot's position, the remainder of the fuselage was covered using
311:
was used to set endurance, distance, and altitude records in its class, respectively 29 h 4 min 14 s, 2,746.2 km (1,706.4 mi) and 6,782 m (22,251 ft). On 28 December 1932,
246:. These spars were mutually braced using steel wires and duralumin compression members. The spars of each half-wing were attached to the fuselage's central body via a relatively simple set of
251:
struts that connecting the wing spars with the fuselage were made from faired duralumin tubing that was suitably reinforced to appropriately handle all secondary stresses.
258:
had a relatively wide-track gauge that provided considerable lateral stability while on the ground. The struts of the forward landing gear were equipped with long stroke
120:
The type proved to be extremely popular, and the production run would eventually extend to over 500 machines, with roughly half of these purchased by the
344:
316:
308:
304:
348:
1316:
1301:
1341:
1311:
1306:
996:
211:
conformed to the lines of the fuselage to give a fairly slender and elegant appearance without negatively impacting the engine's cooling.
1292:
1105:
927:
1514:
969:
299:
AS.1s were used successfully in a number of competitions and record-breaking events. In August 1929, they participated in the
1519:
1504:
161:
Favourable external visibility was provided by sizable windows at both the sides and front area of the cabin; specialised
238:
that were to be withstood. Attachments to the spars were made using numerous steel fittings that were typically
1509:
941:
872:
354:
The TR.1 also had competition successes in 1931 in the Giro Aereo del
Piedmonte and the Giro Aereo d'Italia.
962:
894:
1445:
234:, the lateral plates of which were braced using diaphragms of varying strength in accordance with the
278:
used a rigid control arrangement using a single lever. The stabilizer had a rectangular notch in its
195:
98:
274:
control during flight. Actuation of the rudder was achieved via a pair of control cables while the
924:"The Fiat "T.R.1" training and touring airplane (Italian) : a two-place high-wing monoplane"
481:
400:- version with metal structure, shorter span wing (9.00 m; 29 ft 6.5 in) and enclosed cabin.
181:; however, numerous aircraft were furnished with alternative engines, such as the more powerful
1499:
955:
275:
800:
227:
284:
1011:
988:
899:
877:
8:
1234:
1185:
1156:
448:
425:
343:
and Gino
Capannini) and an aerial circumnavigation of Africa by Francis Lombardi, Count
1417:
1412:
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1100:
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1090:
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1037:
215:
127:
1427:
1080:
470:
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340:
131:
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235:
978:
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87:
52:
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279:
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94:
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1257:
1252:
1247:
1140:
1135:
1016:
259:
162:
113:, fabric, and (around the nose) metal. A later development, designated
93:
The AS.1 was a relatively basic and conventional design, possessing a
1396:
1386:
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1242:
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83:
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aircraft designed and produced by the
Italian aircraft manufacturer
1321:
1223:
1164:
1055:
1050:
1045:
441:
332:
919:. London, UK: Bright Star Publishing. pp. File 894 Sheet 18.
320:
288:
208:
110:
106:
947:
418:
303:
international contest, and in
January 1930, an AS.1 piloted by
266:
243:
231:
199:
155:
102:
827:
463:
336:
247:
239:
219:
186:
101:
and seating for two, the pilot and one passenger/trainee, in
485:
Fiat TR-1 3-view drawing from NACA Aircraft
Circular No.130
324:
25:
287:. The stabiliser was structurally similar to that of the
226:
were composed of square duralumin tubing with triangular
223:
191:
178:
351:
who covered 27,600 km (17,150 mi) in 54 days.
1443:
214:
The wing structure consisted of a pair of triangular
117:
featured a metal structure and a shorter span wing.
109:. Construction was of wood throughout, covered by
198:, was positioned directly underneath the forward
1491:
222:that connected to the base of the fuselage. The
185:radial engine, instead. Fuel was housed inside
177:, capable of generating up to 100 hp at 1,900
963:
865:Italian Civil and Military Aircraft 1930-1945
169:Typically, the AS.1 was powered by a single
928:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
858:. London, UK: Studio Editions. p. 383.
790:"Round Africa by Light Plane" 1931, p. 137.
760:FAI General Aviation World Records database
493:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
970:
956:
612:
610:
608:
390:- version with strengthened structure and
931:, 1 December 1930. NACA-AC-130, 93R19548.
738:
736:
734:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
633:
631:
581:1,000 km (621 mi, 540 nmi)
862:
847:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
807:
770:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft
697:
695:
693:
691:
672:
670:
668:
666:
647:
645:
643:
480:
476:
745:
605:
575:158 km/h (98 mph, 85 kn)
1492:
867:. Fallbrook, US: Aero Publishers, Inc.
853:
731:
713:
704:
679:
654:
628:
619:
294:
951:
688:
663:
640:
142:The Fiat AS.1 was a light twin-seat
33:Fiat AS.1 of Lombardi and Capannini
849:. London, UK: Aerospace Publishing.
763:
754:
526:10.40 m (34 ft 2 in)
218:that were supported by a series of
13:
520:6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)
14:
1531:
977:
935:
538:17.5 m (188 sq ft)
532:2.53 m (8 ft 4 in)
319:used a 127 kW (170 hp)
173:engine seven-cylinder air-cooled
1477:
1465:
1453:
917:World Aircraft Information Files
456:
434:
411:
24:
1515:Single-engined tractor aircraft
856:Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation
793:
784:
775:
854:Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989).
1:
895:"Round Africa by Light Plane"
593:
587:6,800 m (22,310 ft)
1520:Aircraft first flown in 1928
1505:1920s Italian sport aircraft
598:
404:
7:
863:Thompson, Jonathan (1963).
616:Thompson, pp. 135-136, 174.
550:690 kg (1,520 lb)
357:
10:
1536:
820:
1405:
1379:
1340:
1291:
1232:
1183:
1154:
1035:
986:
560:, 67 kW (90 hp)
544:450 kg (990 lb)
137:
32:
23:
18:
944:in Flight, 4 April 1930
903:: 137. 13 February 1931
803:. Nevington War Museum.
801:"Abyssinia 1935 - 1936"
781:"Italy–Japan" 1930, 896
499:General characteristics
382:- ski-equipped version.
366:- initial version with
486:
283:shaped as to minimise
99:tailskid undercarriage
1510:Parasol-wing aircraft
484:
477:Specifications (AS.1)
376:- floatplane version.
881:: 896. 8 August 1930
813:NACA 1927, pp. 6-15.
82:was a light touring
751:NACA 1927, pp. 4-5.
710:NACA 1927, pp. 3-4.
685:NACA 1927, pp. 5-6.
660:NACA 1927, pp. 1-3.
637:NACA 1927, pp. 2-3.
625:NACA 1927, pp. 1-2.
449:Ethiopian Air Force
426:Brazilian Air Force
295:Operational history
487:
1441:
1440:
471:Spanish Air Force
345:Lodovico Mazzotti
236:shearing stresses
123:Regia Aeronautica
76:
75:
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742:NACA 1927, p. 5.
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728:NACA 1927, p. 4.
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711:
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702:
701:NACA 1927, p. 3.
699:
686:
683:
677:
676:NACA 1927, p. 2.
674:
661:
658:
652:
651:NACA 1927, p. 1.
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635:
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585:Service ceiling:
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341:Francis Lombardi
317:Mariano Lanciani
132:liaison aircraft
69:
43:Type of aircraft
41:Touring aircraft
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1233:Fighter series
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428:- One aircraft.
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263:shock absorbers
140:
67:
44:
19:AS.1/AS.2/TR.1
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1184:Bomber series
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936:External links
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307:with mechanic
301:Challenge 1929
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873:"Italy–Japan"
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828:"FAI Records"
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531:
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514:One passenger
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305:Renato Donati
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40:
37:
36:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1391:
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1021:
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905:. Retrieved
898:
883:. Retrieved
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835:. Retrieved
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397:
387:
379:
373:
363:
353:
349:Mario Rasini
313:Furio Niclot
298:
280:leading edge
272:
253:
213:
168:
160:
141:
121:
119:
114:
95:parasol wing
92:
79:
77:
68:Number built
1380:other types
832:FAI website
566:Performance
554:Powerplant:
508:One (pilot)
392:Fiat A.50 S
163:windshields
153:fireproofed
1494:Categories
1342:C.A.N.S.A.
594:References
536:Wing area:
1472:Companies
1293:C.M.A.S.A
1235:Rosatelli
1186:Rosatelli
1157:Rosatelli
1038:Gabrielli
599:Citations
558:Fiat A.50
524:Wingspan:
512:Capacity:
490:Data from
405:Operators
374:AS.1 Idro
368:Fiat A.50
339:(both by
329:Mogadishu
204:aerobatic
183:Fiat A.53
171:Fiat A.50
158:instead.
149:duralumin
144:monoplane
84:monoplane
80:Fiat AS.1
1484:Aviation
1413:Centauro
981:aircraft
907:17 March
885:17 March
837:19 March
442:Ethiopia
380:AS.1 Sci
370:engine.
358:Variants
333:Vercelli
289:ailerons
276:elevator
244:soldered
196:radiator
128:trainers
107:cockpits
72:ca. 550
1446:Portals
1433:Spartan
1428:Freccia
1418:Cicogna
1406:by name
1155:Series
1036:Series
989:Ansaldo
987:Series
821:Sources
530:Height:
518:Length:
394:engine.
321:CNA C-7
240:riveted
228:bracing
209:cowling
111:plywood
1371:F.C.20
1366:F.C.12
1332:A.S.14
1327:R.S.14
1283:C.R.42
1278:C.R.41
1273:C.R.40
1268:C.R.33
1263:C.R.32
1258:C.R.30
1253:C.R.25
1248:C.R.20
1224:B.R.G.
1219:B.R.20
900:Flight
878:Flight
772:, 1778
579:Range:
461:
439:
419:Brazil
416:
347:, and
267:rudder
248:hinges
232:girder
220:struts
200:rudder
194:-type
156:fabric
138:Design
103:tandem
1460:Italy
1423:Falco
1392:T.R.1
1344:types
1317:MF.10
1295:types
1243:C.R.1
1214:B.R.4
1209:B.R.3
1204:B.R.2
1199:B.R.1
1175:R.700
1146:G.222
1141:G.212
1136:G.91Y
1027:A.S.2
1022:A.S.1
1017:APR.2
1007:A.300
1002:A.120
997:A.100
506:Crew:
464:Spain
337:Tokyo
216:spars
187:steel
105:open
62:1928
38:Role
1397:7002
1387:C.29
1312:MF.6
1307:MF.5
1302:MF.4
1194:B.R.
1170:R.22
1131:G.91
1126:G.84
1121:G.82
1116:G.81
1111:G.80
1106:G.61
1101:G.59
1096:G.57
1091:G.56
1086:G.55
1081:G.50
1076:G.49
1071:G.46
1066:G.18
1061:G.12
1012:AN.1
979:Fiat
942:Fiat
909:2008
887:2008
839:2012
556:1 ×
398:TR.1
388:AS.2
364:AS.1
331:and
325:Rome
315:and
285:drag
254:The
242:and
224:ribs
130:and
115:TR.1
97:, a
88:Fiat
78:The
53:Fiat
1361:C.6
1356:C.5
1351:C.4
1322:BGA
1165:R.2
1056:G.8
1051:G.5
1046:G.2
335:to
327:to
192:fin
179:rpm
126:as
90:.
1496::
897:.
875:.
830:.
733:^
715:^
690:^
665:^
642:^
630:^
607:^
291:.
134:.
1448::
971:e
964:t
957:v
911:.
889:.
841:.
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