Fidel Castro - Knowledge

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hurt by low oil prices while the apartheid government of South Africa had by the 1980s become a very awkward American ally as much of the American population, especially black Americans, objected to apartheid. From the viewpoint of both Moscow and Washington, having both Cuba and South Africa disengage in Angola was the best possible outcome. The low oil prices of the 1980s had also changed the Angolan attitude about subsidizing the Cuban economy as dos Santos found the promises made in the 1970s when oil prices were high to be a serious drain upon Angola's economy in the 1980s. South African whites were vastly outnumbered by South African blacks, and accordingly the South African Army could not take heavy losses with its white troops as that would fatally weaken the ability of the South African state to uphold apartheid. The Cubans had also taken heavy losses while the increasing difficult relations with dos Santos who become less generous in subsidizing the Cuban economy suggested that such losses were not worth the cost. Gorbachev called for a negotiated end to the conflict and in 1988 organized a quadripartite talk between the USSR, US, Cuba and South Africa; they agreed that all foreign troops would pull out of Angola while South Africa agreed to grant independence to Namibia. Castro was angered by Gorbachev's approach, believing that he was abandoning the plight of the world's poor in favour of détente.

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Cuito Cuanavle to a South African-UNITA assault on 13 January 1988 despite warning for almost two months prior that such an attack was coming. On 30 January 1988, Ochoa was summoned to a meeting with Castro in Havana where he was told that Cuito Cuanavale must not fall and to execute Castro's plans for a pull-back to more defensible positions over the objections of the Angolans. The Cuban troops played a decisive role in the relief of Cuito Cuanavale, breaking the siege in March 1988, which led to the withdrawal of most of the South African troops from Angola. Cuban propaganda turned the siege of Cuito Cuanavle into a decisive victory that changed the course of African history and Castro awarded 82 soldiers medals of the newly created Medal of Merit for the Defense of Cuito Cuanavle on 1 April 1988. Tensions were increased with the Cubans advancing close to the border of Namibia, which led to warnings from the South African government that they considered this an extremely unfriendly act, causing South Africa to mobilize and call up its reserves. In the spring of 1988, the intensity of South African-Cuban fighting drastically increased with both sides taking heavy losses.

2104:, often to the detriment of economic development. Major emphasis was placed on education, and during the first 30 months of Castro's government, more classrooms were opened than in the previous 30 years. The Cuban primary education system offered a work-study program, with half of the time spent in the classroom, and the other half in a productive activity. Health care was nationalized and expanded, with rural health centers and urban polyclinics opening up across the island to offer free medical aid. Universal vaccination against childhood diseases was implemented, and infant mortality rates were reduced dramatically. A third part of this social program was the improvement of infrastructure. Within the first six months of Castro's government, 1,000 km (600 mi) of roads were built across the island, while $ 300 million was spent on water and sanitation projects. Over 800 houses were constructed every month in the early years of the administration in an effort to cut homelessness, while nurseries and day-care centers were opened for children and other centers opened for the disabled and elderly. 2592:, and oversaw large investment into Cuban sport that resulted in an increased international sporting reputation. Seeking to further consolidate control, in 1963 the government cracked down on Protestant sects in Cuba, with Castro labelling them counter-revolutionary "instruments of imperialism"; many preachers were found guilty of illegal US links and imprisoned. Measures were implemented to force perceived idle and delinquent youths to work, primarily through the introduction of mandatory military service. In September, the government temporarily permitted emigration for anyone other than males aged between 15 and 26, thereby ridding the government of thousands of critics, most of whom were from upper and middle-class backgrounds. In 1963, Castro's mother died. This was the last time his private life was reported in Cuba's press. In January 1964, Castro returned to Moscow, officially to sign a new five-year sugar trade agreement, but also to discuss the ramifications of the 1522:. Batista offered him a place in his administration if he was successful; although both opposed Prío's administration, their meeting never got beyond polite generalities. On 10 March 1952, Batista seized power in a military coup, with Prío fleeing to Mexico. Declaring himself president, Batista cancelled the planned presidential elections, describing his new system as "disciplined democracy"; Castro was deprived of being elected in his run for office by Batista's move, and like many others, considered it a one-man dictatorship. Batista moved to the right, solidifying ties with both the wealthy elite and the United States, severing diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, suppressing trade unions and persecuting Cuban socialist groups. Intent on opposing Batista, Castro brought several legal cases against the government, but these came to nothing, and Castro began thinking of alternate ways to oust the regime. 1367:. Being President of the University Committee for Democracy in the Dominican Republic, Castro joined the expedition. The military force consisted of around 1,200 troops, mostly Cubans and exiled Dominicans, and they intended to sail from Cuba in July 1947. Grau's government stopped the invasion under US pressure, although Castro and many of his comrades evaded arrest. Returning to Havana, Castro took a leading role in student protests against the killing of a high school pupil by government bodyguards. The protests, accompanied by a crackdown on those considered communists, led to violent clashes between activists and police in February 1948, in which Castro was badly beaten. At this point, his public speeches took on a distinctly leftist slant by condemning social and economic inequality in Cuba. In contrast, his former public criticisms had centered on condemning corruption and US imperialism. 1682:, but no politician stood against him; the election was widely considered fraudulent. It had allowed some political opposition to be voiced, and Castro's supporters had agitated for an amnesty for the Moncada incident's perpetrators. Some politicians suggested an amnesty would be good publicity, and the Congress and Batista agreed. Backed by the US and major corporations, Batista believed Castro to be no threat, and on 15 May 1955, the prisoners were released. Returning to Havana, Castro gave radio interviews and press conferences; the government closely monitored him, curtailing his activities. Now divorced, Castro had sexual affairs with two female supporters, Naty Revuelta and Maria Laborde, each conceiving him a child. Setting about strengthening the MR-26-7, he established an 11-person National Directorate but retained autocratic control, with some dissenters labelling him a 4626:

than Western liberal democracies. Nevertheless, critics claim that Castro wielded significant unofficial influence aside from his official duties. Quirk stated that Castro wielded "absolute power" in Cuba, albeit not in a legal or constitutional manner, while Bourne claimed that power in Cuba was "completely invested" in Castro, adding that it was very rare for "a country and a people" to have been so completely dominated by "the personality of one man". Balfour stated that Castro's "moral and political hegemony" within Cuba diminished the opportunities for democratic debate and decision making. Describing Castro as a "totalitarian dictator", Sondrol suggested that in leading "a political system largely his own creation and bearing his indelible stamp", Castro's leadership style warranted comparisons with totalitarian leaders like

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table. Support for Castro remained strong, and although there were small anti-government demonstrations, the Cuban opposition rejected the exile community's calls for an armed uprising. In August 1994, Havana witnessed the largest anti-Castro demonstration in Cuban history, as 200 to 300 young men threw stones at police, demanding that they be allowed to emigrate to Miami. A larger pro-Castro crowd confronted them, who were joined by Castro; he informed media that the men were anti-socials misled by the US. The protests dispersed with no recorded injuries. Fearing that dissident groups would invade, the government organized the "War of All the People" defence strategy, planning a widespread guerrilla warfare campaign, and the unemployed were given jobs building a network of bunkers and tunnels across the country.

3324:, although Castro would remain the head of the Communist Party and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Many older members of government were to be retired and replaced by their younger counterparts. A number of economic changes were proposed, and subsequently put to a national referendum. Free farmers' markets and small-scale private enterprises would be legalized in an attempt to stimulate economic growth, while US dollars were also made legal tender. Certain restrictions on emigration were eased, allowing more discontented Cuban citizens to move to the United States. Further democratization was to be brought in by having the National Assembly's members elected directly by the people, rather than through municipal and provincial assemblies. Castro welcomed debate between proponents and opponents of the 2763: 3729: 2024:, whom Castro instantly disliked. After meeting Castro, Nixon described him to Eisenhower: "The one fact we can be sure of is that Castro has those indefinable qualities which made him a leader of men. Whatever we may think of him he is going to be a great factor in the development of Cuba and very possibly in Latin American affairs generally. He seems to be sincere. He is either incredibly naive about Communism or under Communist discipline-my guess is the former...His ideas as to how to run a government or an economy are less developed than those of almost any world figure I have met in fifty countries. But because he has the power to lead...we have no choice but at least try to orient him in the right direction". 1606:

handcuffed in court, proceeding to argue that the charge with which they were accused—of "organizing an uprising of armed persons against the Constitutional Powers of the State"—was incorrect, for they had risen up against Batista, who had seized power in an unconstitutional manner. The trial embarrassed the army by revealing that they had tortured suspects, after which they tried unsuccessfully to prevent Castro from testifying any further, claiming he was too ill. The trial ended on 5 October, with the acquittal of most defendants; 55 were sentenced to prison terms of between 7 months and 13 years. Castro was sentenced on 16 October, during which he delivered a speech that would be printed under the title of

1330:, Castro remained committed to working on his behalf. Student violence escalated after Grau employed gang leaders as police officers, and Castro soon received a death threat urging him to leave the university. However, he refused to do so and began to carry a gun and surround himself with armed friends. In later years, anti-Castro dissidents accused him of committing gang-related assassinations at the time, but these accusations remain unproven. The American historian John Lewis Gaddis wrote that Castro "began his career as a revolutionary with no ideology at all: he was a student politician turned street fighter turned guerrilla, a voracious reader, an interminable speaker, and a pretty good baseball player". 2751:

implemented a seven-day working week, and postponed public holidays to lengthen the harvest. When that year's production quota was not met, Castro offered to resign during a public speech, but assembled crowds insisted he remain. Despite the economic issues, many of Castro's social reforms were popular, with the population largely supportive of the "Achievements of the Revolution" in education, medical care, housing, and road construction, as well as the policies of "direct democratic" public consultation. Seeking Soviet help, from 1970 to 1972 Soviet economists re-organized Cuba's economy, founding the Cuban-Soviet Commission of Economic, Scientific and Technical Collaboration, while Soviet premier

1807:(land company overseer), who was despised by the local peasants and who boasted of killing one of Castro's rebels. Osorio's execution aided the rebels in gaining the trust of locals, although they largely remained unenthusiastic and suspicious of the revolutionaries. As trust grew, some locals joined the rebels, although most new recruits came from urban areas. With volunteers boosting the rebel forces to over 200, in July 1957 Castro divided his army into three columns, commanded by himself, his brother, and Guevara. The MR-26-7 members operating in urban areas continued agitation, sending supplies to Castro, and on 16 February 1957, he met with other senior members to discuss tactics; here he met 1768: 1465:. The group's purpose was to oppose the influence of the violent gangs within the university; despite his promises, Prío had failed to control the situation, instead offering many of their senior members jobs in government ministries. Castro volunteered to deliver a speech for the Movement on 13 November, exposing the government's secret deals with the gangs and identifying key members. Attracting the attention of the national press, the speech angered the gangs and Castro fled into hiding, first in the countryside and then in the US. Returning to Havana several weeks later, Castro laid low and focused on his university studies, graduating as a Doctor of Law in September 1950. 4333:

Castro, Sánchez described Raúl as complementing Castro's personality in all the ways that he is not. Whereas Fidel was "charismatic, energetic, visionary but extremely impulsive and disorganized," Raúl was described as a "natural, methodical, and uncompromising organizer." Castro spoke nearly daily with Raúl, met several times a week, and was a frequent visitor at Raúl and Vilma's house; Vilma was also considered close to Castro and often appeared publicly with him at national events. Besides Raúl, Castro was not close to any of his other siblings, although he did have friendly relations with his elder brother Ramón and sister Angelita. His sister

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Soviet economic assistance had not helped Cuba's long-term growth prospects by promoting diversification or sustainability. Although described as a "relatively highly developed Latin American export economy" in 1959 and the early 1960s, Cuba's basic economic structure changed very little between then and the 1980s. Tobacco products such as cigars and cigarettes were the only manufactured products among Cuba's leading exports and were produced using an expensive and labor-intensive pre-industrial process. The Cuban economy remained highly inefficient and over-specialized in a few highly subsidized commodities exported primarily to the

2028: 1577: 1671: 1266: 4321: 4296:, which he had brought from Baghdad and became his sole transport for the rest of his life. Subsequently, Fidel ordered two mechanics from his bodyguard unit to West Germany to purchase several second-hand Mercedes-Benz 500s to replace the obsolete Alfa Romeos. Castro always traveled with at least fourteen guards and four of his aides, spread out over four vehicles: three Mercedes-Benz and one Soviet Lada, which trailed the main convoy (to keep the military presence at a minimal). Whenever he would leave Havana, a fifth Mercedes would join the procession carrying his doctor, nurse, and photographer. 3051: 1945:. He ensured that the government implemented policies to cut corruption and fight illiteracy and that it attempted to remove Batistanos from positions of power by dismissing Congress and barring all those elected in the rigged elections of 1954 and 1958 from future office. He then pushed Urrutia to issue a temporary ban on political parties; he repeatedly said that they would eventually hold multiparty elections. Although repeatedly denying that he was a communist to the press, he began clandestinely meeting members of the PSP to discuss the creation of a socialist state. 2231: 3455: 3585: 2926:, Castro ordered a further 18,000 troops to Angola, which played a major role in forcing a South African and UNITA retreat. The decision to intervene in Angola has been a controversial one, all the more so as Castro's critics have charged that it was not his decision at all, contending that the Soviets ordered him to do so. Castro always maintained that he took the decision to launch Operation Carlota himself in response to an appeal from Neto and that the Soviets were in fact opposed to Cuban intervention in Angola, which took place over their opposition. 4059:, both well known for their tall heights, stood at 6'4" and 6'5", respectively). Until his uprising against Batista, Castro typically kept a pencil-thin mustache and combed back hair, typical of upper-class Cuban men in the 1950s, but grew out both during his years as a guerrilla fighter and retained them afterward. Castro also disliked worrying about his appearance and hated shaving, making the beard and uniform all the more convenient for him. His uniform was also kept simple; he never wore any medals or decorations, and his only marker of rank was the 3682: 2062:, setting a cap for landholdings to 993 acres (402 ha) per owner and prohibiting foreigners from obtaining Cuban land ownership. Around 200,000 peasants received title deeds as large land holdings were broken up; popular among the working class, it alienated the richer landowners, including Castro's own mother, whose farmlands were taken. Within a year, Castro and his government had effectively redistributed 15 per cent of the nation's wealth, declaring that "the revolution is the dictatorship of the exploited against the exploiters." 4370:

hunting, fly fishing, underwater fishing, scuba diving, and playing basketball. They were also his companions on special events, such as his birthday or national holidays, during which they regularly exchanged gifts and engaged in one-sided discussions with Castro where he would recall his life stories. The members of Escort Castro were closest to the former Mayor of Havana, Jose "Pepín" Naranjo, who became his official aide until he died in 1995, and his physician, Eugenio Selman. Outside of his escort, Castro was also close to

2506: 1815: 2730:, closing all remaining privately owned shops and businesses and denouncing their owners as capitalist counterrevolutionaries. The severe lack of consumer goods for purchase led productivity to decline, as large sectors of the population felt little incentive to work hard. This was exacerbated by the perception that a revolutionary elite had emerged, consisting of those connected to the administration; they had access to better housing, private transportation, servants, and the ability to purchase luxury goods abroad. 1835:(CIA) weapons expert Samuel Cummings' International Armament Corporation in Alexandria, Virginia. Sturgis opened a training camp in the Sierra Maestra mountains, where he taught Che Guevara and other 26 July Movement rebel soldiers guerrilla warfare. Frank País was also killed, leaving Castro the MR-26-7's unchallenged leader. Although Guevara and Raúl were well known for their Marxist–Leninist views, Castro hid his, hoping to gain the support of less radical revolutionaries. In 1957 he met with leading members of the 3843:

discussions with his colleagues or foreigners, he would repeat the same things repeatedly until they were convinced he was right. It was impossible to contradict him on any subject whatsoever. Anyone who attempted to convince him that he was wrong or even made a suggestion that it could be improved slightly was making a "fatal error." Fidel would then make a mental mark of the individual as an "idiot" and wait for the right time to retaliate against them. Nobody, not even Raúl was exempt from this; despite being the

1569:, a military garrison outside Santiago de Cuba, Oriente. Castro's militants intended to dress in army uniforms and arrive at the base on 25 July, seizing control and raiding the armoury before reinforcements arrived. Supplied with new weaponry, Castro intended to spark a revolution among Oriente's impoverished cane cutters and promote further uprisings. Castro's plan emulated those of the 19th-century Cuban independence fighters who had raided Spanish barracks; Castro saw himself as the heir to independence leader 4529: 4650: 4021:. His popularity among segments of the Cuban populace led to one development without the government's involvement. It would be used to judge each individual's devotion to his "revolutionary cause." Indeed, by 2006, Castro's image could frequently be found in Cuban stores, classrooms, taxicabs, and on national television. In private, however, Castro hated such idolization campaigns and believed that he had intellectual ascendancy over leaders who engaged in such behavior, such as his friend 4070:, which Castro occasionally carried with him during the 1960s but was later kept stored in a suitcase carried by one of the members of his escort or kept placed between his feet while driving along with five cartridges; he frequently used it during shooting exercises and practice. Castro had a lifelong love of guns and was considered an expert sharpshooter, impressing foreign visitors and even holding up against members of his elite bodyguards who engaged in frequent competition with him. 22835: 3038:. In 1979, the Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in Havana, where Castro was selected as NAM president, a position he held until 1982. In his capacity as both president of the NAM and of Cuba he appeared at the United Nations General Assembly in October 1979 and gave a speech on the disparity between the world's rich and poor. His speech was greeted with much applause from other world leaders, though his standing in NAM was damaged by Cuba's refusal to condemn the 2739: 2066: 711: 3424:

send 20,000 medics to Venezuela, in return receiving 53,000 barrels of oil per day at preferential rates; in 2004, this trade was stepped up, with Cuba sending 40,000 medics and Venezuela providing 90,000 barrels a day. Some economic problems remained; in 2004, Castro shut down 118 factories, including steel plants, sugar mills and paper processors to compensate for a critical shortage of fuel. In September 2005, Castro established a group of medical professionals, known as the

3872: 3855:"ferocious rage if he thought that he was being humiliated." Publicly, he was known for throwing tantrums and could make "snap judgments," which he refused to back down from. In private, though, Castro was skilled at keeping his anger in check and not allowing it to affect his judgment, simply becoming cold and withdrawn; Sánchez stated that in 17 years, he had only seen Castro explode in anger twice, one upon being informed of his daughter Alina's defection in 1993. 3761:

nevertheless did not meet the Marxist assumption that socialism would be achieved through proletariat revolution, for most of the forces involved in Batista's overthrow were led by members of the Cuban middle-class. According to Castro, a country could be regarded as socialist if its means of production were controlled by the state. In this way, his understanding of socialism was less about who controlled power in a country and more about the method of distribution.

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raised, with most of the rebels pinned down by machine gun fire. Four were killed before Castro ordered a retreat. The rebels suffered 6 fatalities and 15 other casualties, whilst the army suffered 19 dead and 27 wounded. Meanwhile, some rebels took over a civilian hospital; subsequently stormed by government soldiers, the rebels were rounded up, tortured and 22 were executed without trial. Accompanied by 19 comrades, Castro set out for Gran Piedra in the rugged

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chickens and cows. Close by is a second two-story building that houses the bodyguards and the domestic staff. The house was decorated in a classical Caribbean style, with local wicker and wood furniture, porcelain plates, watercolor paintings, and art books. Sánchez described the estate as naturally beautiful and tastefully decorated, and while considered luxurious for the average Cuban, was not lavish or over-the-top compared to the residences of the

3232: 2181: 114: 22926: 18617: 2683: 2307: 2989:'s Marxist government of Ethiopia. In a desperate attempt to stop the war, Castro had a summit with Barre where he proposed a federation of Ethiopia, Somalia, and South Yemen as an alternative to war. Barre who saw seizing the Ogaden as the first step towards creating a greater Somalia that would unite all of the Somalis into one state rejected the federation offer and decided upon war. Castro sent troops under the command of General 3014:

1979 and 1991 about 370,000 Cuban troops together with 50,000 Cuban civilians (mostly teachers and doctors) served in Angola, representing about 5% of Cuba's population. The Cuban intervention in Angola was envisioned as a short-term commitment, but the Angolan government used the profits from the oil industry to subsidize Cuba's economy, making Cuba as economically dependent upon Angola as Angola was militarily dependent upon Cuba.

22909: 2108: 22943: 4449:, born in 1956, is Castro's only daughter. She did not know her true parentage until she was 10. Castro showed little interest in her but sent her to a boarding school in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France. One of the few people willing to stand up to Castro, several defectors have described her personality as the most similar to her father. Alina became a public relations director for a State-owned fashion company and a model for 22892: 22847: 18627: 2135:. Productivity decreased and the country's financial reserves were drained within two years. After conservative press expressed hostility towards the government, the pro-Castro printers' trade union disrupted editorial staff, and in January 1960 the government ordered them to publish a "clarification" written by the printers' union at the end of articles critical of the government. Castro's government arrested hundreds of 2452:. In December 1961, Castro admitted that he had been a Marxist–Leninist for years, and in his Second Declaration of Havana he called on Latin America to rise up in revolution. In response, the US successfully pushed the Organization of American States to expel Cuba; the Soviets privately reprimanded Castro for recklessness, although he received praise from China. Despite their ideological affinity with China, in the 1871: 10721: 1474: 2093:

increasingly expressed concern with the rising influence of Marxism. Angered, Castro in turn announced his resignation as prime minister on 18 July—blaming Urrutia for complicating government with his "fevered anti-Communism". Over 500,000 Castro-supporters surrounded the Presidential Palace demanding Urrutia's resignation, which he submitted. On 23 July, Castro resumed his premiership and appointed Marxist

22875: 4416:, whom he married in October 1948. She is the only spouse of Castro acknowledged by the Cuban Government. Diaz-Balart, the daughter of a powerful Cuban politician and brother of Batista's Minister of Interior, was a student at the University of Havana, where she met and married Castro. She divorced him later, in 1955, while he was in prison due to the attacks on the Moncada Barracks. They had one son: 3972: 3247:". Petrol rations were dramatically reduced, Chinese bicycles were imported to replace cars, and factories performing non-essential tasks were shut down. Oxen began to replace tractors; firewood began being used for cooking and electricity cuts were introduced that lasted 16 hours a day. Castro admitted that Cuba faced the worst situation short of open war, and that the country might have to resort to 1899:

also benefited from local popular support. In the summer, the MR-26-7 went on the offensive, pushing the army out of the mountains, with Castro using his columns in a pincer movement to surround the main army concentration in Santiago. By November, Castro's forces controlled most of Oriente and Las Villas, and divided Cuba in two by closing major roads and rail lines, severely disadvantaging Batista.

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people had turned against the Batista regime. Ambassador to Cuba, E. T. Smith, who felt the whole CIA mission had become too close to the MR-26-7 movement, personally went to Batista and informed him that the US would no longer support him and felt he no longer could control the situation in Cuba. General Cantillo secretly agreed to a ceasefire with Castro, promising that Batista would be tried as a

1712:. Requiring funding, Castro toured the US in search of wealthy sympathizers, there being monitored by Batista's agents, who allegedly orchestrated a failed assassination attempt against him. Castro kept in contact with the MR-26-7 in Cuba, where they had gained a large support base in Oriente. Other militant anti-Batista groups had sprung up, primarily from the student movement; most notable was the 41: 2406: 3391:, recently released from prison. Mandela praised Cuba's involvement in battling South Africa during the Angolan Civil War and thanked Castro personally. Castro later attended Mandela's inauguration as President of South Africa in 1994. In 2001, Castro attended the Conference Against Racism in South Africa at which he lectured on the global spread of racial stereotypes through US film. 2813:. He then went on a seven-week tour visiting leftist allies: Algeria, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, where he was given further awards. On each trip, he was eager to visit factory and farm workers, publicly praising their governments; privately, he urged the regimes to aid revolutionary movements elsewhere, particularly those fighting the 3146:) in an attempt to strengthen socialism. Like many orthodox Marxist critics, Castro feared that the reforms would weaken the socialist state and allow capitalist elements to regain control. Gorbachev conceded to US demands to reduce support for Cuba, with Soviet-Cuban relations deteriorating. On medical advice given him in October 1985, Castro gave up regularly smoking 4395:

Fidelito to portray himself as a regular "family man" to the apprehensive American audience, but eventually abandoned that as he became more concerned about his safety. Throughout his rule, Castro never named an official "First Lady" and when the need for such a public female companion was necessary, Celia Sánchez or Raúl's wife, Vilma Espín, would play such a role of

10731: 22823: 4688:] leader" in the second half of the twentieth century who held "such a prominent and restless part on the international stage" or remained head of state for such a long period. Bourne described Castro as "an influential world leader" who commanded "great respect" from individuals of all political ideologies across the developing world. Canadian prime minister 1847:, authoring the Sierra Maestra Manifesto, in which they demanded that a provisional civilian government be set up to implement moderate agrarian reform, industrialization, and a literacy campaign before holding multiparty elections. As Cuba's press was censored, Castro contacted foreign media to spread his message; he became a celebrity after being interviewed by 4074:

tobacco firms. Castro claimed that he quit around 1985 during an anti-smoking campaign promoted by the Communist Party. Sánchez disputes this, saying that his doctor had Castro reduce his cigar usage starting in 1980 and quit entirely in 1983 after a cancerous ulcer was found in his intestine. Prior to the Revolution, Castro smoked various brands including

3577:, used a Twitter account, and gave occasional public lectures. In January 2009 Castro asked Cubans not to worry about his lack of recent news columns and failing health, and not to be disturbed by his future death. He continued meeting foreign leaders and dignitaries, and that month photographs were released of Castro's meeting with Argentine president 4357:(Ministry of the Interior). Department 1 was for Fidel's security, Department 2 was for Raúl and Vilma's, and Department 3 was for the members of the Politburo and so on. Unlike the other MININT Departments, his and Raúl's units bypassed the standard chain of command and reported to them directly. Castro's security consisted of three concentric 2471:– UMAP); after many revolutionary intellectuals decried this move, the UMAP camps were closed in 1967, although gay men continued to be imprisoned. By 1962, Cuba's economy was in steep decline, a result of poor economic management and low productivity coupled with the US trade embargo. Food shortages led to rationing, resulting in protests in 1883:

under increasing pressure, a result of his military failures coupled with increasing domestic and foreign criticism surrounding his administration's press censorship, torture, and extrajudicial executions. Influenced by anti-Batista sentiment among their citizens, the US government ceased supplying him with weaponry. The opposition called a

4303:" magazine ranked Castro as the 7th wealthiest ruler in the world at an estimated personal wealth of approximately 900 million US dollars in 2006 (going from 550 million US dollars in their 2005 list). The estimate is based on the magazine's assumption that Castro had economic control over a network of state-owned companies, including 4307:, Medicuba, the Havana Convention Palace, and the assumption that a portion of their profits went to Castro through investments. Suggesting that Castro's fortune multiplied, growing from 103 million to 850 million euros (equivalent to 900 million dollars) in just three years, the "Forbes" article also referred to rumours of Castro's 4560:

creating work-orientated, socially concerned individuals ... He wants to increase people's standard of living, the availability of material goods, and to import the latest technology. But the economic realities, despite rapid dramatic growth in the gross national product, severely limit what Cuba can buy on the world market.

3150:, helping to set an example for the rest of the populace. Castro became passionate in his denunciation of the Third World debt problem, arguing that the Third World would never escape the debt that First World banks and governments imposed upon it. In 1985, Havana hosted five international conferences on the world debt problem. 3191:, were investigated for corruption and complicity in cocaine smuggling, tried, and executed in 1989, despite calls for leniency. In Eastern Europe, socialist governments fell to capitalist reformers between 1989 and 1991 and many Western observers expected the same in Cuba. Increasingly isolated, Cuba improved relations with 2081:. Judges and politicians had their pay reduced while low-level civil servants saw theirs raised, and in March 1959, Castro declared rents for those who paid less than $ 100 a month halved. The Cuban government also began to expropriate the casinos and properties from mafia leaders and taking millions in cash. Before he died 4443:. Widely regarded in Havana for her beauty, Natalia was married to Dr. Orlando Fernandez but sympathized with the aims of the Revolutionary movement. She initially joined the movement as a friend of Castro but later became his mistress and visited him while imprisoned in Isla de Pinos. She would give birth to his daughter: 3351:. Although long thinking religious belief to be backward, Castro softened his approach to religious institutions and religious people were permitted for the first time to join the Communist Party. Although he viewed the Roman Catholic Church as a reactionary, pro-capitalist institution, Castro organized a visit to Cuba by 2303:(CDR), a nationwide civilian organization which implemented neighbourhood spying to detect counter-revolutionary activities as well as organizing health and education campaigns, becoming a conduit for public complaints. By 1970, a third of the population would be involved in the CDR, and this would eventually rise to 80%. 2957:. From there he proceeded to Somalia, Tanzania, Mozambique and Angola where he was greeted by crowds as a hero for Cuba's role in opposing apartheid South Africa. Throughout much of Africa he was hailed as a friend to national liberation from foreign dominance. This was followed with visits to East Berlin and Moscow. 2275:, which set the general tone for the debates and speeches. Castro delivered the longest speech ever held before the United Nations General Assembly, speaking for four and a half hours in a speech mostly given over to denouncing American policies towards Latin America. Subsequently, visited by Polish first secretary 2429:

ordered the 1189 captured rebels to be interrogated by a panel of journalists on live television, personally taking over the questioning on 25 April. Fourteen were put on trial for crimes allegedly committed before the revolution, while the others were returned to the US in exchange for medicine and food valued at

2433:. Castro's victory reverberated around the world, especially in Latin America, but it also increased internal opposition primarily among the middle-class Cubans who had been detained in the run-up to the invasion. Although most were freed within a few days, many fled to the US, establishing themselves in Florida. 1924:

vandalism. Cienfuegos and Guevara led their columns into Havana on 2 January, while Castro entered Santiago and gave a speech invoking the wars of independence. Heading toward Havana, he greeted cheering crowds at every town, giving press conferences and interviews. Castro reached Havana on 9 January 1959.

2596:. Castro was deeply concerned by the assassination, believing that a far-right conspiracy was behind it but that the Cubans would be blamed. In October 1965, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations was officially renamed the "Cuban Communist Party" and published the membership of its Central Committee. 2448:– ORI), renamed the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC) in 1962. Although the USSR was hesitant regarding Castro's embrace of socialism, relations with the Soviets deepened. Castro sent Fidelito for a Moscow schooling, Soviet technicians arrived on the island, and Castro was awarded the 1401:, a student from a wealthy family, through whom he was exposed to the lifestyle of the Cuban elite. The relationship was a love match, disapproved of by both families, but Díaz Balart's father gave them tens of thousands of dollars, along with Batista, to spend on a three-month New York City honeymoon. 1795:, on 2 December 1956. Fleeing inland, its crew headed for the forested mountain range of Oriente's Sierra Maestra, being repeatedly attacked by Batista's troops. Upon arrival, Castro discovered that only 19 rebels had made it to their destination, the rest having been killed or captured. Setting up an 4507:

Angelito Castro Del Valle, born in 1974. Considered spoiled by his parents from a young age, he was long considered the "trouble child" of the family. He was passionate about cars and frequently earned the ire of his father's escort unit for disrupting the mechanics' work. Angelito never obtained any

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The Cuban government has never published an official marital history of Castro, with most information coming from defectors and scarce details published in state media and pieced together over the years. In his earlier years in power, he showcased some of his family life, in particular his eldest son

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In his personal life, Castro was known for being distant, withdrawn, and confided in very few people. His closest and most trusted friend was Raúl Castro, his younger brother by five years and longtime armed forces minister. Although Raúl had a vastly contrasting, almost polar opposite personality to

3079:

epidemic. Cuba's economy became even more dependent on Soviet aid, with Soviet subsidies (mainly in the form of supplies of low-cost oil and voluntarily buying Cuban sugar at inflated prices) averaging $ 4–5 billion a year by the late 1980s. This accounted for 30–38% of the country's entire GDP.

3013:

has claimed that an estimated 14,000 Cubans were killed in foreign Cuban military actions. When American critics claimed that Castro had no right to interfere in these nations, he countered that Cuba had been invited into them, pointing out the US's own involvement in various foreign nations. Between

2962:

There is often talk of human rights, but it is also necessary to talk of the rights of humanity. Why should some people walk barefoot, so that others can travel in luxurious cars? Why should some live for thirty-five years, so that others can live for seventy years? Why should some be miserably poor,

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Despite the fear of a coup, Castro garnered support in New York City. On 18 February 1961, 400 people—mainly Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and college students—picketed in the rain outside of the United Nations rallying for Castro's anti-colonial values and his effort to reduce the United States' power over

1960:

In suppressing the revolution, Batista's government had killed thousands of Cubans; Castro and influential sectors of the press put the death toll at 20,000, but a list of victims published shortly after the revolution contained only 898 names—over half of them combatants. More recent estimates place

1898:

surrounded the Sierra Maestra, driving north to the rebel encampments. Despite their numerical and technological superiority, the army had no experience with guerrilla warfare, and Castro halted their offensive using land mines and ambushes. Many of Batista's soldiers defected to Castro's rebels, who

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In 1955, bombings and violent demonstrations led to a crackdown on dissent, with Castro and Raúl fleeing the country to evade arrest. Castro sent a letter to the press, declaring that he was "leaving Cuba because all doors of peaceful struggle have been closed to me ... As a follower of Martí, I

1340:

I joined the people; I grabbed a rifle in a police station that collapsed when it was rushed by a crowd. I witnessed the spectacle of a totally spontaneous revolution ... hat experience led me to identify myself even more with the cause of the people. My still incipient Marxist ideas had nothing

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in Cuba, Castro never had difficulty in finding love and seduction. Sánchez denies that Castro ever engaged in any unusual or un-consensual behavior. Castro was also described as a poor father; often absent from their lives, he had little interest in his children's activities and was more interested

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oratorical abilities and profound charisma, Castro was highly skilled at manipulation and deception, quickly whipping up his audience and entire population segments into support. Large throngs of supporters gathered to cheer at Castro's fiery speeches, which typically lasted for hours (even outdoors

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his favorite book, committing several portions of the novel to memory and using some of its lessons as a guerrilla fighter. He enjoyed art and photography and was known as a patron of both within Cuba but was uninterested in music and disliked dancing. He was also an avid fan of cinema, particularly

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Castro was known for working long hours; he primarily woke up late—rarely before ten or eleven in the morning—and started his working day around noon, and would work until late at night, often only going to bed at 3 or 4 am. He preferred to meet foreign diplomats in these early hours, believing

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arrived in Cuba to meet Castro and highlight their close ties. He was the first Canadian government leader to visit the island since Pierre Trudeau was in Havana in 1976. In 2002, former US president Jimmy Carter visited Cuba, where he highlighted the lack of civil liberties in the country and urged

3308:

We do not have a smidgen of capitalism or neo-liberalism. We are facing a world completely ruled by neo-liberalism and capitalism. This does not mean that we are going to surrender. It means that we have to adopt to the reality of that world. That is what we are doing, with great equanimity, without

2088:

In the summer of 1959, Fidel began nationalizing plantation lands owned by American investors as well as confiscating the property of foreign landowners. He also seized property previously held by wealthy Cubans who had fled. He nationalized sugar production and oil refinement, over the objection of

1825:

Across Cuba, anti-Batista groups carried out bombings and sabotage; police responded with mass arrests, torture, and extrajudicial executions. In March 1957, the DRE launched a failed attack on the presidential palace, during which Antonio was shot dead. Batista's government often resorted to brutal

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and PSP politicians of involvement, putting 122 defendants on trial on 21 September at the Palace of Justice, Santiago. Acting as his own defence counsel, Castro cited Martí as the intellectual author of the attack and convinced the three judges to overrule the army's decision to keep all defendants

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called him "an evil, murderous dictator" who turned Cuba into "an impoverished island prison". Castro publicly rejected the "dictator" label, stating that he constitutionally held less power than most heads of state and that his government allowed for greater democratic involvement in policy making

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Within Cuba, Fidel's domination of every aspect of the government and the society remains total. His personal needs for absolute control seems to have changed little over the years. He remains committed to a disciplined society in which he is still determined to remake the Cuban national character,

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who loved being the center of attention and, with his almost electric charisma, grabbed the attention of the people around him. He was also highly manipulative; with his formidable intelligence, he could easily manipulate a person or group of people. In addition, he was repetitive and obsessive. In

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In a February 2008 letter, Castro announced that he would not accept the positions of President of the Council of State and Commander in Chief at that month's National Assembly meetings, remarking, "It would betray my conscience to take up a responsibility that requires mobility and total devotion,

3362:

and the waste of natural resources and accusing the US of being the world's primary polluter. In 1994 a ministry dedicated to the environment was established, and new laws established in 1997 that promoted awareness of environmental issues throughout Cuba and stressed the sustainable use of natural

3319:

Castro believed in the need for reform if Cuban socialism was to survive in a world now dominated by capitalist free markets. In October 1991, the Fourth Congress of the Cuban Communist Party was held in Santiago, at which a number of important changes to the government were announced. Castro would

3186:

meant an end to subsidies for Cuba. Ignoring calls for liberalization in accordance with the Soviet example, Castro continued to clamp down on internal dissidents and in particular kept tabs on the military, the primary threat to the government. A number of senior military officers, including Ochoa

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in Havana, further establishing himself as a significant player on the world stage. From this conference, Castro created the Latin American Solidarity Organization (OLAS), which adopted the slogan of "The duty of a revolution is to make revolution", signifying Havana's leadership of Latin America's

2601:

The greatest threat presented by Castro's Cuba is as an example to other Latin American states which are beset by poverty, corruption, feudalism, and plutocratic exploitation ... his influence in Latin America might be overwhelming and irresistible if, with Soviet help, he could establish in Cuba a

1936:

was proclaimed provisional president but Castro announced (falsely) that Urrutia had been selected by "popular election". Most of Urrutia's cabinet were MR-26-7 members. Entering Havana, Castro proclaimed himself Representative of the Rebel Armed Forces of the Presidency, setting up home and office

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Outside his immediate family, Castro's closest friend was fellow revolutionary Celia Sánchez, who accompanied him everywhere during the 1960s and controlled almost all access to the leader. Reynaldo Sánchez confirmed that Celia was indeed Castro's mistress and regarded her as the "true love of his

4200:

Castro's main vacation destination was Cayo de Piedra, a small key island formerly the site of a lighthouse, approximately a mile long and divided into two by a cyclone in the 1960s. He came upon the island by accident while reviewing the region in the aftermath of the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.

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system", with Theodore Draper terming his approach "Castroism", viewing it as a blend of European socialism with the Latin American revolutionary tradition. Political scientist Paul C. Sondrol has described Castro's approach to politics as "totalitarian utopianism", with a style of leadership that

3760:

from December 1961 onward. As a Marxist, Castro sought to transform Cuba from a capitalist state to a socialist society and ultimately to a communist society. Influenced by Guevara, he suggested that Cuba could evade most stages of socialism and progress straight to communism. The Cuban Revolution

3654:

on the latter's visit to Cuba in March 2016, although sent him a letter stating that Cuba "has no need of gifts from the empire". That April, he gave his most extensive public appearance in many years when addressing the Communist Party. Highlighting that he was soon to turn 90 years old, he noted

3634:

visited Cuba for three days, during which time he briefly met with Castro despite the Pope's vocal opposition to Cuba's government. Later that year it was revealed that along with Hugo Chávez, Castro had played a significant behind-the-scenes role in orchestrating peace talks between the Colombian

3174:

in 1987–1988 by South African–UNITA forces, Castro sent an additional 12,000 Cuban Army troops to Angola in late 1987. From afar in Havana, Castro was closely involved in the decision-making about the defence of Cuito Cuanavle and came into conflict with Ochoa, whom he criticized for almost losing

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Cuba's economy grew in 1974 as a result of high international sugar prices and new credits with Argentina, Canada, and parts of Western Europe. A number of Latin American states called for Cuba's re-admittance into the Organization of American States (OAS), with the US finally conceding in 1975 on

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and engaged in a firefight with a local revolutionary militia. Castro ordered Captain José Ramón Fernández to launch the counter-offensive, before taking personal control of it. After bombing the invaders' ships and bringing in reinforcements, Castro forced the Brigade to surrender on 20 April. He

2369:

There was ... no doubt about who the victors were. Cuba's stature in the world soared to new heights, and Fidel's role as the adored and revered leader among ordinary Cuban people received a renewed boost. His popularity was greater than ever. In his own mind he had done what generations of Cubans

1961:

the death toll between 1,000 and 4,000. In response to popular uproar, which demanded that those responsible be brought to justice, Castro helped to set up many trials, resulting in hundreds of executions. Although popular domestically, critics—in particular the US press, argued that many were not

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and was known to wander into his kitchen to discuss cookery with his chefs. His diet was quintessentially Cuban, based on traditional pescatarian cuisine and the additional influence from his father's native Galicia. All of his food was sourced from Punto Cero or fished from his private island of

4165:, maintained by Cuban Intelligence for his covert meetings with representatives of foreign groups or intelligence assets; A beach house in Santa Maria del Mar (next to the Tropico Hotel); and two houses retrofitted with air-raid shelters and connected to the MINFAR command bunkers for use in war: 4065:

insignia stitched on the shoulder straps. Until the 1990s, he wore combat boots, but he abandoned them for sneakers and tennis shoes instead due to orthopedic issues. Around his waist, he often carried a 9mm Browning pistol in a brown leather holster with three additional magazines. His weapon of

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to the Venezuelan Presidency in 1999. Castro and Chávez developed a close friendship, with the former acting as a mentor and father-figure to the latter, and together they built an alliance that had repercussions throughout Latin America. In 2000, they signed an agreement through which Cuba would

3178:

The prospect of an all-out Cuban-South African war served to concentrate minds in both Moscow and Washington and led to an increased push for a diplomatic solution to the Angolan war. The cost of Cuba's wars in Africa were paid for with Soviet subsidies at a time when the Soviet economy was badly

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By the 1980s, Cuba's economy was again in trouble, following a decline in the market price of sugar and 1979's decimated harvest. For the first time, unemployment became a serious problem in Castro's Cuba, with the government sending unemployed youth to other countries, primarily East Germany, to

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in power. Carter continued criticizing Cuba's human rights abuses but adopted a respectful approach which gained Castro's attention. Considering Carter well-meaning and sincere, Castro freed certain political prisoners and allowed some Cuban exiles to visit relatives on the island, hoping that in

2130:

Castro used radio and television to develop a "dialogue with the people", posing questions and making provocative statements. His regime remained popular with workers, peasants, and students, who constituted the majority of the country's population, while opposition came primarily from the middle

1902:

The US instructed Cantillo to oust Batista due to fears in Washington that Castro was a socialist, which were exacerbated by the association between nationalist and communist movements in Latin America and the links between the Cold War and decolonization. By this time the great majority of Cuban

4369:

A soldier at heart, Castro had more affinity with his escort than his civilian family. He spent most of his time under their protection and were usually his companions in his personal interests. A sports fan, he also spent much of his time trying to keep fit, undertaking regular exercise such as

4073:

Castro's most iconic public feature eventually became the Cuban cigar he smoked daily. Introduced to it by his father at the age of 15, Castro continued the habit for almost 44 years except for a brief period during the 1950s while he was a guerrilla fighter and boycotting against Batista-linked

3439:' Bolivia in April 2006. Castro had also been calling for greater Caribbean integration since the late 1990s, saying that only strengthened cooperation between Caribbean countries would prevent their domination by rich nations in a global economy. Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the 2993:

to aid the overwhelmed Ethiopian army. Mengistu's regime was barely hanging on by 1977, having lost one-third of its army in Eritrea at the time of the Somali invasion. The intervention of 17,000 Cuban troops into the Ogaden was by all accounts decisive in altering a war that Ethiopia was on the

1923:

to be president, and began appointing the new government. Furious, Castro ended the ceasefire, and ordered Cantillo's arrest by sympathetic figures in the army. Accompanying celebrations at news of Batista's downfall on 1 January 1959, Castro ordered the MR-26-7 to prevent widespread looting and

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Castro's guerrillas increased their attacks on military outposts, forcing the government to withdraw from the Sierra Maestra region, and by spring 1958, the rebels controlled a hospital, schools, a printing press, slaughterhouse, land-mine factory and a cigar-making factory. By 1958, Batista was

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Castro gathered 165 revolutionaries for the mission, ordering his troops not to cause bloodshed unless they met armed resistance. The attack took place on 26 July 1953, but ran into trouble; 3 of the 16 cars that had set out from Santiago failed to get there. Reaching the barracks, the alarm was

1492:

Castro co-founded a legal partnership that primarily catered to poor Cubans, albeit it proved a financial failure. Caring little for money or material goods, Castro failed to pay his bills; his furniture was repossessed and electricity cut off, distressing his wife. He took part in a high school

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Despite its small size and limited economic weight, Castro's Cuba gained a large role in world affairs. The Castro government relied heavily on its appeals to nationalistic sentiment, in particular the widespread hostility to the US government. According to Balfour, Castro's domestic popularity

4468:

as his permanent family. Her relationship with Castro was kept secret until 2006 when she was photographed with an increasingly frail Castro during the Party Congress, although the Cuban Government has released no other information. Castro and Dalia had five sons, each of them starting with the

3302:

and accommodation for the athletes; Castro admitted that it was an expensive error, but it was a success for Cuba's government. Crowds regularly shouted "Fidel! Fidel!" in front of foreign journalists, while Cuba became the first Latin American nation to beat the US to the top of the gold-medal

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rather than gradually progress through various stages of socialism. In turn, the Soviet-loyalist Aníbal Escalante began organizing a government network of opposition to Castro, though in January 1968, he and his supporters were arrested for allegedly passing state secrets to Moscow. Recognising

2401:

misinformation. Fearing invasion, he ordered the arrest of between 20,000 and 100,000 suspected counter-revolutionaries, publicly proclaiming, "What the imperialists cannot forgive us, is that we have made a Socialist revolution under their noses", his first announcement that the government was

2388:

to reduce its 300-member staff, suspecting that many of them were spies. The US responded by ending diplomatic relations, and it increased CIA funding for exiled dissidents; these militants began attacking ships that traded with Cuba, and bombed factories, shops, and sugar mills. Both President

1666:

after inmates sang anti-Batista songs on a visit by the president in February 1954. Meanwhile, Castro's wife Mirta gained employment in the Ministry of the Interior, something he discovered through a radio announcement. Appalled, he raged that he would rather die "a thousand times" than "suffer

4492:

Alejandro Castro Del Valle, born in 1969. Considered a "computer geek" like his brothers, he also studied computer science and engineering but was passionate about the subject. Around 1990, he wrote software that allowed Russian programs to be run on Japanese ones; the product was purchased by

2750:

Castro publicly celebrated his administration's 10th anniversary in January 1969; in his celebratory speech he warned of sugar rations, reflecting the nation's economic problems. The 1969 crop was heavily damaged by a hurricane, and to meet its export quota, the government drafted in the army,

4127:

in the Siboney neighborhood. The main house is an L-shaped two-story family mansion with a 600-square-yard footprint, a 50-foot-long swimming pool, six greenhouses providing fruit and vegetables for Fidel's and Raúl's families as well as their bodyguard units, and a large lawn with free-range

3776:

remarked that one of the keys to Castro's success was his ability to use the "twin themes of socialism and nationalism" and keep them "endlessly in play". Castro described Karl Marx and Cuban nationalist José Martí as his main political influences, although Gott believed that Martí ultimately

2483:—unduly loyal to Moscow. In March 1962 Castro removed the most prominent "Old Communists" from office, labelling them "sectarian". On a personal level, Castro was increasingly lonely, and his relations with Guevara became strained as the latter became increasingly anti-Soviet and pro-Chinese. 2298:

Back in Cuba, Castro feared a US-backed coup; in 1959 his regime spent $ 120 million on Soviet, French, and Belgian weaponry and by early 1960 had doubled the size of Cuba's armed forces. Fearing counter-revolutionary elements in the army, the government created a People's Militia to arm

4153:

which was the base of Fidel's bodyguard units. The base was over five acres large and surrounded by high walls, essentially a "city within a city" consisting of support personnel for transportation, communications, electronics, and food, and an extensive armory of Kalashnikovs, Makarovs, and

3854:

described Castro as "fiercely hard-working, dedicated, loyal ... generous and magnanimous" but noted that he could be "vindictive and unforgiving." He asserted that Castro "always had a keen sense of humor and could laugh at himself" but could equally be "a bad loser" who would act with

2092:

Although then refusing to categorize his regime as socialist and repeatedly denying being a communist, Castro appointed Marxists to senior government and military positions. Most significantly, Che Guevara became Governor of the Central Bank and then Minister of Industries. President Urrutia

4674:

stated that his government constructed a "repressive machinery" which deprived Cubans of their "basic rights". Castro defended his government's record on human rights, stating that the state was forced to limit the freedoms of individuals and imprison those involved in counter-revolutionary

4590:

in Cuba. Political opposition was not permitted. According to political scientists Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, the Cuban regime entailed "full authoritarianism ... (like China and Saudi Arabia)", as there were "no viable channels... for opposition to contest legally for executive power."

3942:

and raised as a Roman Catholic. He criticized the use of the Bible to justify the oppression of women and Africans, but commented that Christianity exhibited "a group of very humane precepts" which gave the world "ethical values" and a "sense of social justice," relating, "If people call me

4050:

in public. At over 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall with a few inches added from his combat boots, Castro usually towered over most foreign leaders he met with, giving him a dominating presence in any room or photo that was taken, which he used to his advantage (for comparison,

3067:, hundreds of boats arrived from the US, leading to a mass exodus of 120,000; Castro's government took advantage of the situation by loading criminals, the mentally ill, and homosexuals onto the boats destined for Florida. The event destabilized Carter's administration, and later, in 1980, 3924:. Castro had a lifelong passion, almost obsession, with cows and, starting in 1966, with bovine genetics and breeding. State media frequently published details of his attempts to breed cows with increased milk yields. This interest reached its peak in 1982 when a cow that Fidel had bred, " 4457:

magazine, coming across an advertisement showing Alina posing in a bikini on a boat with two other models; according to Sánchez he "nearly exploded with rage". Alina left Cuba in 1993, disguised as a Spanish tourist, and sought asylum in the US, from where she has criticized her father's

1433:. Prío faced widespread protests when members of the MSR, now allied to the police force, assassinated Justo Fuentes, a socialist friend of Castro. In response, Prío agreed to quell the gangs, but found them too powerful to control. Castro had moved further to the left, influenced by the 2258:. Castro had decided to stay in Harlem as a way of expressing solidarity with the poor African-American population living there, thus leading to an assortment of world leaders such as Nasser of Egypt and Nehru of India having to drive out to Harlem to see him. He also met Soviet premier 1969:, unsuccessfully requesting a loan and a new deal for Venezuelan oil. Returning home, an argument between Castro and senior government figures broke out. He was infuriated that the government had left thousands unemployed by closing down casinos and brothels. As a result, Prime Minister 1175:

The longest-serving non-royal head of state in the 20th and 21st centuries, Castro polarized world opinion. His supporters view him as a champion of socialism and anti-imperialism whose revolutionary government advanced economic and social justice while securing Cuba's independence from

3777:

remained more important than Marx in Castro's politics. Castro described Martí's political ideas as "a philosophy of independence and an exceptional humanistic philosophy", and his supporters and apologists repeatedly claimed that there were great similarities between the two figures.

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that they would be tired and he could gain the upper hand in negotiations. Castro liked to meet with ordinary citizens, both in Cuba and abroad, but took a particularly paternal attitude toward Cubans, treating them as if "they were a part of his own giant family." British historian

4463:

Castro's second and longest marriage was with Dalia Soto Del Valle, another admirer who met Castro during a speech in Villa Clara in 1961. She was a teacher who was part of the Government's literacy campaign. She moved to Havana on Castro's initiative and later moved in with him at

2139:, many of whom were subjected to solitary confinement, rough treatment, and threatening behaviour. Militant anti-Castro groups, funded by exiles, the CIA, and the Dominican government, undertook armed attacks and set up guerrilla bases in Cuba's mountains, leading to the six-year 4013:

in inclement weather) and without the use of written notes. During speeches, Castro regularly cited reports and books he had read on various subjects, including military matters, plant cultivation, filmmaking, and chess strategies. Officially, the Cuban government did maintain a

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In September 1949, Mirta gave birth to a son, Fidelito, so the couple moved to a larger Havana flat. Castro continued to put himself at risk, staying active in the city's politics and joining the 30 September Movement, which contained within it both communists and members of the

1593:, ordering a violent crackdown on dissent, and imposing strict media censorship. The government broadcast misinformation about the event, claiming that the rebels were communists who had killed hospital patients, although news and photographs of the army's use of torture and 3063:" by Castro and his CDR supporters. In one incident, 10,000 Cubans stormed the Peruvian Embassy requesting asylum, and so the US agreed that it would accept 3,500 refugees. Castro conceded that those who wanted to leave could do so from Mariel port. In what was known as the 2266:

in areas like Harlem. Relations between Castro and Khrushchev were warm; they led the applause to one another's speeches at the General Assembly. The opening session of the United Nations General Assembly in September 1960 was a highly rancorous one with Khrushchev famously

4090:

which became Castro's signature brand and elevating its profile internationally. Initially restricted for his private use and other members of the Politburo, it was later presented as diplomatic gifts for allied countries and friends of Castro, most notably seen smoked by

4361:

or rings. The third ring consisted of thousands of soldiers in MININT and MINFAR who supported Logistics, air defense, Intelligence, etc.; The second ring consisted of eighty to one hundred soldiers who provided the outer perimeter security; And the first ring, the Elite

3639:, he urged both the North Korean and US governments to show restraint. Calling the situation "incredible and absurd", he maintained that war would not benefit either side, and that it represented "one of the gravest risks of nuclear war" since the Cuban missile crisis. 4524:

Castro had another daughter, Francisca Pupo (born 1953), the result of a one-night affair. Pupo and her husband now live in Miami. Another son known as Ciro was also born in the early 1960s, the result of another brief fling, his existence confirmed by Celia Sánchez.

3847:, he would bring seemingly minor military decisions to Castro for his final approval to avoid inadvertently contradicting him. Sánchez believed that General Arnaldo Ochoa's downfall was significantly related to his willingness to contradict Fidel's orders in Angola. 3339:, the latter outstripping Cuba's sugar industry as its primary source of revenue in 1995. The arrival of thousands of Mexican and Spanish tourists led to increasing numbers of Cubans turning to prostitution; officially illegal, Castro refrained from cracking down on 8661: 16817: 4595:

stemmed from the fact that he symbolized "a long-cherished hope of national liberation and social justice" for much of the population. Balfour also noted that throughout Latin America, Castro served as "a symbol of defiance against the continued economic and

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accounts with "large stashes" of this fortune. According to Juan Reinaldo Sánchez, a former personal bodyguard of Castro, his assets included Cayo Piedra, a private island; over twenty mansions; a marina with yachts; encrypted bank accounts; and a gold mine.

2221:

took control of 383 private-run businesses on 14 October, and on 25 October a further 166 US companies operating in Cuba had their premises seized and nationalized. On 16 December, the US ended its import quota of Cuban sugar, the country's primary export.

4576:

stated that he proved to be "as divisive in death as he was in life", and that the only thing that his "enemies and admirers" agreed upon was that he was "a towering figure" who "transformed a small Caribbean island into a major force in world affairs".

2524:

nuclear missiles on Cuba to even the power balance. Although conflicted, Castro agreed, believing it would guarantee Cuba's safety and enhance the cause of socialism. Undertaken in secrecy, only the Castro brothers, Guevara, Dorticós and security chief

2626:

struggles. Cuba's foreign policy was strongly anti-imperialist, believing that every nation should control its own natural resources. He supported Che Guevara's "Andean project", an unsuccessful plan to set up a guerrilla movement in the highlands of

2165:, Castro agreed to provide the USSR with sugar, fruit, fibres, and hides in return for crude oil, fertilizers, industrial goods, and a $ 100 million loan. Cuba's government ordered the country's refineries—then controlled by the US corporations 1497:

in November 1950, fighting with police to protest the Education Ministry's ban on student associations; he was arrested and charged for violent conduct, but the magistrate dismissed the charges. His hopes for Cuba still centered on Chibás and the

4086:. In the early 1960s, Castro saw one of his bodyguards smoking a noticeably aromatic but unbranded cigar. Castro and the bodyguard located the cigar maker, Eduardo Ribera, who agreed to establish the El Laguito Factory and branded the cigars as 2323:

Fidel Castro!" and "Down With Yankee Imperialism!". Around 200 policemen were on the scene, but the protesters continued to chant slogans and throw pennies in support of Fidel Castro's socialist movement. Some Americans disagreed with President

4669:

described him as "a progressive but deeply flawed leader". In their view, he should be "applauded" for his regime's "substantial improvements" to healthcare and education, but criticized for its "ruthless suppression of freedom of expression."

4513:

After the 1970s, Castro began a long relationship with Juanita Vera, a Colonel in the foreign intelligence service who joined his escort unit as his English interpreter. She often appeared in public with Castro, in particular in Oliver Stone's

4265:; they were all bred to provide milk which suited Castro's demanding taste. His lunches were also frugal, consisting of fish or seafood soup with fresh produce. Dinner was his primary meal, consisting of grilled fish, chicken, mutton, or even 3251:. By 1992, Cuba's economy had declined by over 40% in under two years, with major food shortages, widespread malnutrition and a lack of basic goods. Castro hoped for a restoration of Marxism–Leninism in the USSR but refrained from backing the 1453:", rather than the failings of corrupt politicians, and adopted the Marxist view that meaningful political change could only be brought about by proletariat revolution. Visiting Havana's poorest neighbourhoods, he became active in the student 2197:, in Havana harbour in March 1960. The ship carried weapons purchased from Belgium, and the cause of the explosion was never determined, but Castro publicly insinuated that the US government was guilty of sabotage. He ended this speech with " 3119:. In a July 1983 speech marking the 30th anniversary of the Cuban Revolution, Castro condemned Reagan's administration as a "reactionary, extremist clique" who were waging an "openly warmongering and fascist foreign policy". Castro feared a 3059:

work there. Desperate for money, Cuba's government secretly sold off paintings from national collections and illicitly traded for US electronic goods through Panama. Increasing numbers of Cubans fled to Florida but were labelled "scum" and "

17043: 2963:

so that others can be hugely rich? I speak on behalf of the children in the world who do not have a piece of bread. I speak on the behalf of the sick who have no medicine, of those whose rights to life and human dignity have been denied.

2778:, who demanded that Cuba release imprisoned militants. Under US pressure, the hostages were released, and Castro welcomed them back as heroes. In April 1971, Castro was internationally condemned for ordering the arrest of dissident poet 4345:

whom Fidel visited every day before returning home. Over the years, Castro added an elevator, fitness room, and a bowling alley for his and Celia's personal use. He even provided bodyguards from his escort to Celia for her protection.

1830:

who offered to train Castro's troops in guerrilla warfare. Castro accepted the offer, but he also had an immediate need for guns and ammunition, so Sturgis became a gunrunner. Sturgis purchased boatloads of weapons and ammunition from

3560:

unanimously voted Raúl as president. Describing his brother as "not substitutable", Raúl proposed that Fidel continue to be consulted on matters of great importance, a motion unanimously approved by the 597 National Assembly members.

3693:

Castro died in Havana on the night of 25 November 2016. The cause of death was not disclosed. His brother, President Raúl Castro, confirmed the news in a brief speech: "The commander in chief of the Cuban revolution died at 22:29

3602:

in which he discussed US tensions with Iran and North Korea. On 7 August 2010, Castro gave his first speech to the National Assembly in four years, urging the US not to take military actions against those nations and warning of a

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is located close by on 222nd street. Raúl usually hosted large family barbecues on Sundays, where Fidel would sometimes come, giving his extended family, sisters, and elder brother Ramón a rare opportunity to see him. Next to

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successfully appealed for more Cuban troops, with Castro later admitting that he devoted more time to Angola than to the domestic situation, believing that a victory would lead to the collapse of apartheid. In response to the

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Over the following days, the rebels were rounded up; some were executed and others—including Castro—transported to a prison north of Santiago. Believing Castro incapable of planning the attack alone, the government accused

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impotently from such an insult". Both Fidel and Mirta initiated divorce proceedings, with Mirta taking custody of their son Fidelito; this angered Castro, who did not want his son growing up in a bourgeois environment.

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Reagan's administration adopted a hard-line approach against Castro, making its desire to overthrow his regime clear. In late 1981, Castro publicly accused the US of biological warfare against Cuba by orchestrating a

4017:. However, unlike other Soviet-era leaders and his allies, it was less widespread and took on a more subtle and discreet form. There were no statues or large portraits of him but rather signs with "thoughts" of the 3521:

duties to Raúl Castro. In February 2007, Raúl announced that Fidel's health was improving and that he was taking part in important issues of government. Later that month, Fidel called into Hugo Chávez's radio show

3483:

and offering Cuban airports for the emergency diversion of any US planes. He recognized that the attacks would make US foreign policy more aggressive, which he believed was counterproductive. Castro criticized the

2537:. The US saw the missiles as offensive; Castro insisted they were for defence only. Castro urged that Khrushchev should launch a nuclear strike on the US if Cuba were invaded, but Khrushchev was desperate to avoid 1506:

members feared his radical reputation and refused to nominate him. He was instead nominated as a candidate for the House of Representatives by party members in Havana's poorest districts and began campaigning. The

3540:, with Chávez visiting in August, and Morales in September. That month, the Non-Aligned Movement held its 14th Summit in Havana, there agreeing to appoint Castro as the organization's president for a year's term. 2832:

and therefore should not be at the conference. At the conference he publicly broke off relations with Israel, citing its government's close relationship with the US and its treatment of Palestinians during the

2857:'s advice. Cuba's government underwent a restructuring along Soviet lines, claiming that this would further democratization and decentralize power away from Castro. Officially announcing Cuba's identity as a 12073: 3650:", an increased normalization between Cuba-US relations, by stating that while it was a positive move for establishing peace in the region, he mistrusted the US government. He did not meet with US president 1692:

believe the hour has come to take our rights and not beg for them, to fight instead of pleading for them." The Castros and several comrades travelled to Mexico, where Raúl befriended an Argentine doctor and

1309:, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of University Students on a platform of "honesty, decency and justice". Castro became critical of the corruption and violence of President 1257:

into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the La Salle boarding school in Santiago, where he regularly misbehaved; he was next sent to the privately funded,

4402:

Sánchez described Castro as a compulsive lover or "womanizer"; he was officially married twice but carried on numerous affairs, including many one-night stands. Popular with women and often recognized as a

3863:

commented that "though ruthless, was a patriot, a man with a profound sense that it was his mission to save the Cuban people." Political scientist Paul C. Sondrol characterized Castro as "quintessentially

1803:. They began launching raids on small army posts to obtain weaponry, and in January 1957 they overran the outpost at La Plata, treating any soldiers that they wounded but executing Chicho Osorio, the local 16901: 16896: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 4682:

to people throughout the developing world for his anti-imperialist efforts. Balfour stated that Castro's story had "few parallels in contemporary history", for there existed no other "Third World [

1965:. Castro responded that "revolutionary justice is not based on legal precepts, but on moral conviction." Acclaimed by many across Latin America, he travelled to Venezuela where he met with President-elect 1285:. Although Castro took an interest in history, geography, and debate at Belén, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sports. In 1945, Castro began studying law at the 3551:

Castro replied: "Now I understand why I survived Bush's plans and the plans of other presidents who ordered my assassination: the good Lord protected me." The quote was picked up on by the world's media.

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in 2001, Castro successfully proposed a one-time cash purchase of food from the US while declining its government's offer of humanitarian aid. Castro expressed solidarity with the US following the 2001

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Castro appointed himself president of the National Tourist Industry, introducing unsuccessful measures to encourage African-American tourists to visit, advertising Cuba as a tropical paradise free of

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Historian and journalist Richard Gott considered Castro to be "one of the most extraordinary political figures of the twentieth century", commenting that he had become a "world hero in the mould" of

2343:

announced that Cuba was adopting the Soviet model of rule, with a one-party state, government control of trade unions, suppression of civil liberties, and the absence of freedom of speech and press.

1553:), while arming and training anti-Batista recruits. From July 1952 they went on a recruitment drive, gaining around 1,200 members in a year, the majority from Havana's poorer districts. Although a 13262: 2541:. Castro was left out of the negotiations, in which Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a US commitment not to invade Cuba and an understanding that the US would remove their 4181:

in the locality of Mil Cumbres; and La Deseada, a hunting lodge utilized in the winter for duck hunting and fishing trips. He also had two homes in Matanzas, one in Ciego de Avila, a horse ranch

8191: 3195:'s right-wing government in Panama—despite Castro's personal hatred of Noriega—but it was overthrown in a US invasion in December 1989. In February 1990, Castro's allies in Nicaragua, President 2389:

Eisenhower and his successor President Kennedy supported a CIA plan to aid a dissident militia, the Democratic Revolutionary Front, to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro; the plan resulted in the

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in his work. Raúl, who had much stronger paternal feelings towards his family, was often the one who played the role of surrogate father to Castro's children, in particular Fidelito and Alina.

4205:

designed the private bungalow, guesthouse, bridge, marina, and a building for the use of the bodyguards and support staff. He arrived from his inaccessible private marina near the Bay of Pigs,

1406:

Marxism taught me what society was. I was like a blindfolded man in a forest, who doesn't even know where north or south is. If you don't eventually come to truly understand the history of the

134: 12014: 3928:", broke the Guinness World Record for producing 29 gallons of milk live on national television. She was promoted into a national celebrity and propaganda tool, and when the cow died in 1985, 1057:. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to 11817: 2946: 1410:, or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor, and that some people subjugate and exploit other people, you're lost in a forest, not knowing anything. 3772:

noted that "the vein of moral regeneration and voluntarism that runs through" Castro's thought owes far more to "Hispanic nationalism" than European socialism or Marxism–Leninism. Historian

3279:'s policies in the UK, believing that Cuban socialism could learn from her emphasis on low taxation and personal initiative. He ceased support for foreign militants, refrained from praising 3951:

church service where he even spoke from the pulpit with a Bible before him, an event that marked a beginning of increased openness towards Christianity in Cuba. He promoted the idea that

1390:. Castro joined the Liberal cause by stealing guns from a police station, but subsequent police investigations concluded that he had not been involved in any killings. In April 1948, the 1326:. A charismatic figure, Chibás advocated social justice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. Though Chibás came third in the 1741:. At some points, they had to bail water caused by a leak, and at another, a man fell overboard, delaying their journey. The plan had been for the crossing to take five days, and on the 2213:, who were aggrieved that Castro's government closed down their brothel and casino businesses in Cuba. On 13 October 1960, the US prohibited the majority of exports to Cuba, initiating 3768:, with Castro declaring, "We are not only Marxist-Leninists, but also nationalists and patriots". In this it drew upon a longstanding tradition of Cuban nationalism. Castro biographer 21340: 2782:

who had been arrested 20 March; Padilla was freed, but the government established the National Cultural Council to ensure that intellectuals and artists supported the administration.

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Jorge Ángel Castro, born on 23 March 1949. It was long believed that his birth was in 1956, but Sánchez and another defector uncovered that he was in fact born earlier than Fidelito.

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were accompanied by state control of the press and the suppression of internal dissent. Abroad, Castro supported anti-imperialist revolutionary groups, backing the establishment of

4723:

and was cited as an inspiration for foreign leaders like Ahmed Ben Bella and Nelson Mandela, who subsequently awarded him South Africa's highest civilian award for foreigners, the

3615:, "I think that he has always been in Cuba's political life but he is not in the government ... He has been very careful about that. His big battle is international affairs." 18004: 4504:. He is currently the head of the Surgery unit at the Elite Frank Pais Orthopedic Hospital, a Doctor to the National Baseball team, and President of the Cuban Baseball Federation. 4426:. For a time, he ran Cuba's atomic-energy commission before being removed from the post by his father. He took his own life in February 2018, over a year after his father's death. 3655:

that he would die in the near future but urged those assembled to retain their communist ideals. In September 2016, Castro was visited at his Havana home by the Iranian president

1502:, and he was present at Chibás' politically motivated suicide in 1951. Seeing himself as Chibás' heir, Castro wanted to run for Congress in the June 1952 elections, though senior 19546: 12040: 11128: 3309:

giving up our ideals, our goals. I ask you to have trust in what the government and party are doing. They are defending, to the last atom, socialist ideas, principles and goals.

13221: 7686: 2671:. Castro was personally devastated when Guevara was killed by CIA-backed troops in Bolivia in October 1967 and publicly attributed it to Guevara's disregard for his own safety. 11649: 13722: 11492: 7593: 4257:

and continued by successive Algerian governments and Iraqi figs and fruit jams from Saddam Hussein. Castro, who typically woke up in the late morning, usually had tea or fish

3646:

for seeking peaceful solutions to his nation's conflict with the US and for his post-retirement efforts to prevent nuclear war. In January 2015, he publicly commented on the "

1759:

s journey ultimately lasted seven days, and with Castro and his men unable to provide reinforcements, País and his militants dispersed after two days of intermittent attacks.

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During his first marriage, Castro briefly encountered Maria Laborde, an admirer from Camagüey, of whom very little is known and who has long been deceased. They had one son:

2177:

the refineries. Retaliating, the US cancelled its import of Cuban sugar, provoking Castro to nationalize most US-owned assets on the island, including banks and sugar mills.

1634:" (MR-26-7) in memory of the Moncada attack's date, and formed a school for prisoners. He read widely, enjoying the works of Marx, Lenin, and Martí but also reading books by 22675: 17141: 7624: 11844: 7345: 3943:

Christian, not from the standpoint of religion but from the standpoint of social vision, I declare that I am a Christian." During a visit of American minister and activist

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In contrast to the improved relations between Cuba and a number of leftist Latin American states, in 2004 it broke off diplomatic ties with Panama after centrist President

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from Havana to Santiago de Cuba, tracing in reverse the route of the "Freedom Caravan" of January 1959. After nine days of public mourning, his ashes were entombed in the

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Alex Castro Del Valle, born in 1963. Much more affable and outgoing, he was initially trained as an engineer as well but instead became a photographer and cameraman for

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dress uniform for formal events and special occasions, emphasizing his role as the perpetual revolutionary, but in the mid-1990s began wearing dark civilian suits and

3428:, with the mission of international medical solidarity. The group were sent throughout the world to carry out humanitarian missions on behalf of the Cuban government. 11795: 23070: 18951: 14772: 14024: 11000: 7315: 3466:

pardoned four Cuban exiles accused of attempting to assassinate Castro in 2000. Diplomatic ties were reinstalled in 2005 following the election of leftist President

2845:

broke out in October 1973 between Israel and an Arab coalition led by Egypt and Syria, Cuba sent 4,000 troops to aid Syria. Leaving Algiers, Castro visited Iraq and

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Various Western governments and human rights organizations nevertheless heavily criticized Castro and he was widely reviled in the US. Following Castro's death, US

4607:—noted that Castro's opposition to US dominance and transformation of Cuba into a significant world player resulted in him receiving "warm applause" throughout the 2158:. Expressing contempt for the US, Castro shared the ideological views of the USSR, establishing relations with several Marxist–Leninist states. Meeting with Soviet 23140: 16812: 14631: 13480: 11592: 6904: 4366:

or "The Escort," provided his immediate security and consisted of two teams of 15 elite soldiers who worked 24-hour shifts, along with around ten support staff.

14857: 2545:. Feeling betrayed by Khrushchev, Castro was furious and soon fell ill. Proposing a five-point plan, Castro demanded that the US end its embargo, withdraw from 16797: 573: 14481: 9684: 3435:(ALBA). ALBA's origins lay in a December 2004 agreement signed between the two countries and was formalized through a People's Trade Agreement also signed by 23165: 21526: 16332: 4720: 4548: 4472:

Alexis Castro Del Valle, born in 1962. Described as a loner with few friends, he eventually got a degree in computer science but has since become a mechanic.

3879:

Balfour described Castro as having a "voracity for knowledge" and "elephantine memory" that allowed him to speak for hours on various subjects. His hero was

3030:

turn Carter would abolish the economic embargo and stop CIA support for militant dissidents. Conversely, his relationship with China declined, as he accused

699: 12658: 4225:, had two double cabins, one for Fidel's personal use, a main sitting room, two bathrooms, a bar, a secure communications suite, and was equipped with four 3451:, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. This development makes Cuba the only country to have embassies in all independent countries of the Caribbean Community. 3165:

By November 1987, Castro began spending more time on the Angolan Civil War, in which the Marxist MPLA government had fallen into retreat. Angolan president

1249:

ancestry—as his mistress and later second wife; together they had seven children, among them Fidel. At age six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in

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that abolished the position of president and prime minister. Castro remained the dominant figure in governance, taking the presidency of the newly created

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in Geneva, Switzerland. Cuba asserted that this was a manifestation of US hegemony and refused to allow an investigative delegation to enter the country.

23160: 17787: 16107: 13254: 11874: 11460: 3573:, but Cuba's government refused to corroborate this. He continued to interact with the Cuban people, published an opinion column titled "Reflections" in 3518: 2475:. Security reports indicated that many Cubans associated austerity with the "Old Communists" of the PSP, while Castro considered a number of them—namely 1161: 889: 2397:

bombed three Cuban military airfields; the US announced that the perpetrators were defecting Cuban air force pilots, but Castro exposed these claims as

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in an election. With the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the US secured a majority vote for a resolution condemning Cuba's human rights violations at the

3107:

and sending doctors, teachers, and technicians to aid the country's development. When Bishop was executed in a Soviet-backed coup by hard-line Marxist

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Consolidating "Socialist Cuba", Castro united the MR-26-7, PSP and Revolutionary Directorate into a governing party based on the Leninist principle of

1084:

Adopting a Marxist–Leninist model of development, Castro converted Cuba into a one-party, socialist state under Communist Party rule, the first in the

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One of the most controversial political leaders of his era, Castro both inspired and dismayed people around the world during his lifetime. The London

19770: 17445: 16676: 7372: 3844: 3470:. Castro's improving relations across Latin America were accompanied by continuing animosity towards the US. However, after massive damage caused by 3111:

in October 1983, Castro condemned the killing but cautiously retained support for Grenada's government. However, the US used the coup as a basis for

2711:

Cuba's economic dependence on the Soviets, Castro relented to Brezhnev's pressure to be obedient, and in August 1968 he denounced the leaders of the

1887:, accompanied by armed attacks from the MR-26-7. Beginning on 9 April, it received strong support in central and eastern Cuba, but little elsewhere. 1658:, analysing them within a Marxist framework. Corresponding with supporters, he maintained control over the Movement and organized the publication of 19526: 12974: 12006: 11821: 3255:. When Gorbachev regained control, Cuba-Soviet relations deteriorated further, and Soviet troops were withdrawn in September 1991. In December, the 2335:, in which Cubans could assemble at demonstrations to express their democratic will. As a result, he rejected the need for elections, claiming that 1737:, Veracruz, with 81 armed revolutionaries. The 1,900-kilometre (1,200 mi) crossing to Cuba was harsh, with food running low and many suffering 22660: 22187: 20937: 17033: 16695: 4705: 523: 15719: 11675: 4269:

ham on special occasions, along with a large serving of green vegetables. However, he was prevented from eating beef or coffee by his dietician.

4154:

Brownings. Members of that unit also assisted in Fidel's passion for Bovine breeding, and a stable was kept for some of Fidel's most prized cows.

1589:

mountains several kilometres to the north, where they could establish a guerrilla base. Responding to the attack, Batista's government proclaimed

20504: 18989: 18558: 16739: 15785: 11708: 11239: 7425: 4795: 4500:

Antonio Castro Del Valle, born in 1971. A national youth baseball champion, he studied sports medicine at the University of Havana and became an

1894:, in which the army aerially bombarded forested areas and villages suspected of aiding the militants, while 10,000 soldiers commanded by General 14334: 4727:. The biographer Volker Skierka stated that "he will go down in history as one of the few revolutionaries who remained true to his principles". 22746: 20255: 20064: 18663: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16706: 16414: 13359: 10793: 3619: 976: 204: 13653: 9940: 7712: 23090: 18071: 17107: 347: 238: 14552: 11632: 6873: 4832: 4040:

He gave no importance to his appearance or clothing; for 37 years, he wore only his trademark olive-green military fatigues or the standard

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In July 2010, he made his first public appearance since falling ill, greeting science center workers and giving a television interview to

1313:'s government, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers. 23075: 22710: 21597: 19693: 18866: 16891: 13547: 10617: 3815:

for decades, later in his life he took responsibility for this persecution, regretting it as a "great injustice", as he himself put it.

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Returning to Cuba, Castro became a prominent figure in protests against government attempts to raise bus fares. That year, he married

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citizens favourable to the revolution, training at least 50,000 civilians in combat techniques. In September 1960, they created the

23150: 23045: 22741: 20774: 19582: 18124: 16918: 16774: 14157: 13683: 12861: 12394: 12136: 11531: 11376: 4469:

letter A and three of them a variation of "Alexander" (in homage to Alexander the Great, his pseudonym while a guerrilla fighter):

2159: 1482: 17411: 12166: 11338: 7616: 4337:

had been living in the United States since the early 1960s until her death in 2023 and was a public opponent of the Cuban regime.

3328:—although over time he began to increasingly sympathise with the opponent's positions, arguing that such reforms must be delayed. 3271:. Castro tried improving relations with the capitalist nations. He welcomed Western politicians and investors to Cuba, befriended 2759:(Comecon), an economic organization of socialist states, although this further limited Cuba's economy to agricultural production. 23105: 23085: 22177: 20821: 16856: 16342: 16114: 15986: 11836: 7337: 6263: 4552: 4422:, born in September 1949. Fidelito grew up at various times between Havana and Miami; he later went to the Soviet Union to study 3676: 3622:. Raúl was selected as his successor. Now without any official role in the country's government, he took on the role of an elder 2554: 1704:". Fidel liked him, later describing him as "a more advanced revolutionary than I was". Castro also associated with the Spaniard 19698: 14912: 9906: 4485:, respectively. He later became the official photographer of his father and, published several books, and hosted the exhibition 2945:. In February, Castro visited Algeria and then Libya, where he spent ten days with Gaddafi and oversaw the establishment of the 2797:. Castro supported Allende's socialist reforms but warned him of right-wing elements in Chile's military. In 1973, the military 2664: 2463:

such as prostitutes and homosexuals; Castro considered same-sex sexual activity a bourgeois trait. Gay men were forced into the

2201:" ("Fatherland or Death"), a proclamation that he made much use of in ensuing years. Inspired by their earlier success with the 23060: 22670: 20942: 19077: 19014: 17999: 16320: 16013: 3557: 3204: 2716: 2358: 2243: 1169: 17258: 14794: 12740: 9636: 6647: 3134:

became Secretary-General of the Soviet Communist Party; a reformer, he implemented measures to increase freedom of the press (

23080: 22665: 20600: 20287: 20265: 19790: 19622: 19602: 19577: 19479: 19424: 18159: 17627: 17438: 16669: 15860: 15818: 15795: 15766: 15708: 15626: 15604: 15562: 15538: 15519: 15495: 15473: 15450: 15419: 15374: 15355: 15336: 15310: 15255: 15232: 15152: 15126: 15088: 15062: 15013: 14367: 14092: 13833: 11980: 11896: 11787: 11757: 11406: 11323: 11189: 10963: 10940: 10910: 10763: 3795:. He drew inspiration from the wider Latin American anti-imperialist movements of the 1930s and 1940s, including Argentina's 3416: 3284: 2998: 2218: 1982: 1713: 21688: 15425: 14373: 14098: 10879: 10853: 10823: 7554: 3252: 1775:, from where Castro and his revolutionaries led guerrilla attacks against Batista's forces for two years. Castro biographer 23145: 21507: 21432: 21092: 20692: 19642: 19632: 17907: 17119: 16046: 11025: 4704:

described Castro as both "a sincere and reliable friend of Russia" and a "symbol of an era", while Chinese Communist Party

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wrote that around the world he was "either praised as a brave champion of the people, or derided as a power-mad dictator."

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in July 1979. Castro's critics accused the government of wasting Cuban lives in these military endeavours; the anti-Castro

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Sondrol, Paul C. (1991). "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner".

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termed him "one of the most iconic personalities of the 20th century" and a "great friend", while South African president

4675:

activities to protect the rights of the collective populace, such as the right to employment, education, and health care.

3838:. He described Castro as "Nothing ordinary about him at all, he is unique, special, and different." He profiled him as an 2622:

Despite Soviet misgivings, Castro continued to call for global revolution, funding militant leftists and those engaged in

2209:

to overthrow Castro's government. He provided them with a budget of $ 13 million and permitted them to ally with the

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of Japan, which raised his national profile in the engineering community of Cuba and even public praise from his father.

2549:, cease supporting dissidents, and stop violating Cuban air space and territorial waters. He presented these demands to 22794: 22147: 21242: 20220: 20105: 20059: 20054: 20000: 19647: 19474: 18656: 17747: 17668: 15839: 15682: 15585: 15040: 13472: 6896: 3268: 2647:, to train in Cuba. He considered Western-dominated Africa to be ripe for revolution and sent troops and medics to aid 2214: 1062: 15931: 11428: 4786: 2762: 23110: 21879: 21442: 20712: 20653: 18921: 18906: 17994: 15552: 15270: 14853: 14407: 12668: 7498: 3112: 3001:, a measure Castro refused to support. Castro extended support to Latin American revolutionary movements, namely the 1916: 938: 20450: 3811:. Instead, he advocated hard work, family values, integrity, and self-discipline. Although his government repressed 2529:

knew the full plan. Upon discovering it through aerial reconnaissance, in October the US implemented an island-wide

2202: 23115: 21582: 21577: 21072: 21035: 20764: 20210: 19967: 19668: 19652: 18926: 18056: 17711: 17431: 17185: 17158: 16662: 16550: 16070: 14477: 9676: 2886: 2834: 2593: 2464: 2131:

class; thousands of doctors, engineers and other professionals emigrated to Florida in the US, causing an economic

1988: 1109: 796: 786: 21260: 21122: 20806: 15720:"Protecting Cuba's Environment: Efforts to Design and Implement Effective Environmental Laws and Policies in Cuba" 1245:). After the collapse of his first marriage he took his household servant, Lina Ruz González (1903–1963)—of 23100: 22302: 21683: 21612: 21512: 21390: 21162: 21152: 20739: 20126: 19875: 19805: 19556: 19439: 19434: 19040: 18859: 18570: 18512: 16755: 16363: 16352: 11561: 3997:(the Chief) in the third person, particularly within the party and military command. Castro was often nicknamed " 3829: 3256: 3244: 3088: 3017:

In the late 1970s, Cuba's relations with North American states improved during the period with Mexican president

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Castro's increasing role on the world stage strained his relationship with the USSR, now under the leadership of

2235: 1912: 1561:(PSP), fearing it would frighten away political moderates, but kept in contact with PSP members like his brother 1391: 1379: 1137: 21077: 20964: 20952: 15787:

The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution: An Empire of Liberty in an Age of National Liberation

14048: 9964:. United States International Trade Commission, Publication 3398. Washington D.C., February 2001. Citing ECLAC, 1767: 23050: 23025: 22995: 22985: 21733: 21502: 21082: 20984: 20717: 20161: 20156: 19713: 19004: 18630: 18196: 18021: 17640: 17226: 17205: 15289: 15136: 15107: 3635:

government and the far left FARC guerrilla movement to end the conflict which had raged since 1964. During the

2907: 1688:(dictator); he argued that a successful revolution could not be run by committee and required a strong leader. 1558: 1133: 1105: 1030: 23095: 21402: 21132: 20643: 20415: 11468: 2798: 1449:. He came to interpret Cuba's problems as an integral part of capitalist society, or the "dictatorship of the 1018: 710: 22680: 21695: 21648: 21412: 21335: 21067: 19885: 19484: 19469: 18649: 17103: 14451: 11063: 3932:

published an official obituary for her on the front page, and the postal service issued stamps in her honor.

3834:

Juan Reynaldo Sánchez, Castro's former bodyguard, detailed much of his personal and private life in his book

3592:, January 2014; even in retirement, Castro continued his involvement with politics and international affairs. 2862: 1950:

We are not executing innocent people or political opponents. We are executing murderers and they deserve it.

27: 21127: 20836: 20759: 20430: 16102: 13187: 11922: 4379: 3034:'s Chinese government of betraying their revolutionary principles by initiating trade links with the US and 2119:(second from the right), and other leading revolutionaries marching through the streets in protest over the 1033:

in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro travelled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the

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In May 1963, Castro visited the USSR at Khrushchev's personal invitation, touring 14 cities, addressing a

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Proceeding to Canada, Trinidad, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, Castro attended an economic conference in

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Relations between Cuba and the US were further strained following the explosion of a French vessel, the

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Gaddis, John Lewis (1997). "We Now Know Rethinking Cold War History". Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Instantly falling in love with the island, he ordered it closed off and had the lighthouse demolished.

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Biographer Volker Skierka described Castro's government as a "highly individual, socialist-nationalist

3598: 3343:, fearing a political backlash. Economic hardship led many Cubans toward religion, both in the form of 2828:(NAM). Various NAM members were critical of Castro's attendance, claiming that Cuba was aligned to the 1199: 17483: 17328: 17279: 13222:"Las multimillonarias herencias que los socialistas Hugo Chávez y Fidel Castro dejaron a sus familias" 11705: 11235: 9265: 3166: 2656: 2542: 23020: 23005: 23000: 22751: 22627: 22572: 22392: 21380: 21087: 20648: 20260: 20177: 19855: 18303: 17977: 17962: 17688: 17663: 17620: 17528: 17493: 17317: 17252: 17113: 15916: 14298: 4719:

praised Castro for aiding black South Africans in "our struggle against apartheid". He was awarded a

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described Castro as a "remarkable leader" and a "larger than life leader who served his people." The

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in his charismatic appeal, utopian functional role and public, transformative utilisation of power."

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With favourable trade from the Soviet bloc ended, Castro publicly declared that Cuba was entering a "

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similarly referred to him as "a close comrade and a sincere friend" to China. Indian prime minister

4292:. In 1979, during the Non-Aligned Movement summit at Havana, Saddam Hussein gave Castro his Armored 4083: 3618:

On 19 April 2011, Castro resigned from the Communist Party central committee, thus stepping down as

2276: 955:; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of 22377: 21944: 21207: 21097: 20851: 20395: 19870: 19820: 19459: 19449: 19218: 18979: 18543: 18066: 18061: 17726: 17701: 17503: 16347: 13645: 9936: 7708: 4353:

or the "Escort." His security was provided by Department 1 of the Personal Security Directorate of

4241:; one was equipped with a large cache of weapons, and another was equipped with medical equipment. 4133: 3723: 3707: 3569:

Following his retirement, Castro's health deteriorated; international press speculated that he had

3115:. Cuban soldiers died in the conflict, with Castro denouncing the invasion and comparing the US to 3006: 2706:. Diverting from Soviet Marxist doctrine, he suggested that Cuban society could evolve straight to 2336: 2328:'s decision to ban trade with Cuba, and outwardly supported his nationalist revolutionary tactics. 2116: 1999: 1826:

methods to keep Cuba's cities under control. In the Sierra Maestra mountains, Castro was joined by

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Castro considered Africa to be "the weakest link in the imperialist chain", and at the request of

2774:

In May 1970, the crews of two Cuban fishing boats were kidnapped by Florida-based dissident group

2173:—to process Soviet oil, but under US pressure they refused. Castro responded by expropriating and 23055: 22898: 21607: 21552: 21537: 21477: 21285: 21265: 21025: 20702: 20307: 19921: 19860: 19800: 19703: 19627: 19587: 19454: 19444: 19223: 19140: 19072: 18984: 18808: 18672: 18452: 18364: 17952: 17897: 17887: 17716: 17473: 17357: 17242: 16685: 16489: 16247: 16215: 16065: 16057: 14556: 11629: 9588: 9437: 6835: 4829: 4289: 4075: 3909: 3711: 3664: 3533: 3372: 3355:

for January 1998; it strengthened the position of both the Cuban Church and Castro's government.

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and Mexican government in 1995. Publicly, he presented himself as a moderate on the world stage.

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The ORI began shaping Cuba using the Soviet model, persecuting political opponents and perceived

2441: 1938: 1670: 1608: 1554: 1542: 1387: 1265: 980: 495: 484: 67: 20510: 17824: 17297: 17291: 17237: 16130: 15957: 14122:"The international dimension of authoritarian regime legitimation: insights from the Cuban case" 12771: 11949:"Iran: Hassan Rouhani meets with Cuban leader Fidel Castro during one-day state visit in Havana" 11606: 11261: 4320: 4213:, confiscated from a Batista Government official and later in the 1970s, the 90-foot white hull 1214: 629: 22932: 22397: 21901: 21295: 20969: 20445: 20205: 20200: 19993: 19825: 19637: 19208: 19055: 18698: 18565: 18553: 18189: 18033: 18028: 17902: 17877: 17872: 17828: 17543: 17454: 17232: 16450: 16443: 16357: 16231: 16160: 11292: 9070: 4600: 4516: 4508:

higher education but later became the senior executive of the Mercedes-Benz concession of Cuba.

4440: 4308: 4226: 4100: 3325: 3010: 2950: 2743: 2557:, but the US ignored them. In turn Castro refused to allow the UN's inspection team into Cuba. 2420:

The CIA and the Democratic Revolutionary Front had based a 1,400-strong army, Brigade 2506, in

2009: 1970: 1165: 960: 874: 600: 329: 287: 51: 22607: 17836: 17523: 17340: 17302: 17220: 13539: 4520:

as his translator and interpreter. She and Castro had one son, Abel Castro Vera, born in 1983.

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the next day. A funeral procession travelled 900 kilometres (560 mi) along the island's

3643: 3485: 3222: 3039: 2986: 2837:. This earned Castro respect throughout the Arab world, in particular from the Libyan leader 2794: 2437: 2320: 2268: 2078: 1631: 1034: 826: 517: 373: 18216: 15982: 15829: 9042: 8736: 5585: 5583: 4661:

against French colonial rule; Ben Bella was one of many political figures inspired by Castro

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against Britain and offered military aid to the Argentinians. Castro supported the leftist

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Traveling to Angola, Castro celebrated with Neto, Sékou Touré and Guinea-Bissaun president

2825: 2534: 2492: 2460: 2394: 2390: 2352: 2017: 1693: 1663: 1612:. Castro was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment in the hospital wing of the Model Prison ( 1519: 1286: 1181: 1177: 1129: 1074: 1066: 1014: 968: 859: 854: 849: 672: 418: 19105: 17578: 17391: 17375: 16728: 16154: 14590: 12095: 10225: 4413: 3454: 2230: 2013: 1966: 1662:. Initially permitted a relative amount of freedom within the prison, he was locked up in 1422: 544: 8: 22617: 22532: 22527: 22427: 22290: 22087: 21971: 21886: 21774: 21627: 21622: 21602: 21587: 21497: 21492: 21397: 21330: 21320: 21232: 21227: 21217: 21117: 21057: 21030: 20856: 20841: 20811: 20789: 20575: 20565: 20292: 20215: 20185: 20169: 19780: 19755: 19551: 19536: 19135: 18875: 18818: 18359: 18154: 18081: 17982: 17752: 17721: 17594: 16075: 15692: 14054: 7420: 5580: 4697: 4693: 4579: 4014: 3993:(The Commander) in general discourse as well as in person but could also be addressed as 3900: 3880: 3860: 3812: 3807:

stance on many issues, opposing drug use, gambling, and prostitution, which he viewed as

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in Havana, 1960. Castro undertook many foreign visits during his initial years in power.

1420:

That same year, Grau decided not to stand for re-election, which was instead won by his

1242: 651: 22771: 22567: 22552: 22477: 22457: 22452: 22437: 22284: 22032: 21784: 21668: 21422: 21325: 21310: 21222: 21212: 21187: 21182: 20947: 20901: 20816: 20801: 20744: 20560: 20483: 20359: 20250: 20240: 19723: 19612: 19607: 19597: 19592: 18753: 18688: 18457: 18342: 18332: 18298: 18011: 17972: 17942: 17813: 16841: 16407: 15877: 15807: 15697: 15661: 15653: 15462: 15393: 15244: 15164: 15077: 15050: 14798: 14424: 14326: 14267: 14208: 14149: 13723:"Fidel Castro's Cuba full of his offspring after years of womanising by El Commandante" 13191: 11953: 11346: 10594: 9779: 8186: 6865: 4724: 4679: 4671: 4608: 4501: 4477: 4293: 3471: 3376: 3295: 3188: 3096: 3050: 2723: 2588: 2311: 2284: 2136: 2101: 2039: 1853: 1655: 1364: 1341:

to do with our conduct—it was a spontaneous reaction on our part, as young people with

1145: 1093: 1085: 165: 71: 57: 22467: 22296: 19082: 16172: 15216: 15141: 10205: 7490: 6252: 4446: 4173:, near the bodyguards base at Unit 160. In the west of Cuba, he had three residences: 4005:, which alludes to Castro's well-known philandering during the 1950s and early 1960s. 3681: 3467: 3018: 612: 22881: 22784: 22637: 22582: 22557: 22512: 22442: 22417: 22382: 22372: 22341: 22228: 22112: 22082: 21819: 21809: 21723: 21617: 21462: 21177: 20974: 20831: 20784: 20682: 20633: 20607: 20585: 20425: 20405: 20349: 20337: 20151: 19986: 19901: 19531: 19419: 19376: 19371: 19321: 19115: 19110: 18891: 18708: 18703: 18641: 18374: 18369: 18281: 18211: 18164: 18016: 17957: 17882: 17860: 17808: 17683: 17678: 17518: 17478: 17322: 17307: 17263: 17201: 16579: 16480: 16290: 16239: 16223: 15946: 15926: 15856: 15850: 15835: 15814: 15791: 15762: 15730: 15704: 15678: 15665: 15622: 15600: 15581: 15574:

The Double Life of Fidel Castro: My 17 Years as Personal Bodyguard to El Lider Maximo

15558: 15534: 15515: 15491: 15469: 15446: 15415: 15370: 15351: 15332: 15325: 15306: 15300: 15285: 15266: 15251: 15228: 15192: 15171: 15148: 15122: 15103: 15084: 15058: 15036: 15005: 14403: 14396: 14363: 14330: 14318: 14271: 14259: 14212: 14200: 14153: 14141: 14088: 13947: 13770: 13731: 12960: 12664: 7494: 6869: 6857: 4325: 4254: 4202: 4056: 3851: 3769: 3695: 3631: 3604: 3352: 3344: 3276: 3131: 3060: 2997:

After forcing back the Somalis, Mengistu then ordered the Ethiopians to suppress the

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Cuba. The protesters held up signs that read, "Mr. Kennedy, Cuba is Not For Sale.", "

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in Oriente soon spread, causing widespread public and some governmental disapproval.

1594: 1515: 1478: 1398: 1125: 1097: 1089: 1026: 964: 864: 406: 75: 22761: 22432: 18828: 18733: 16641: 10497: 9862: 9628: 9249: 9185: 9145: 7369:"Fidel Castro welcomed by crowds, shunned by politicians during 1959 Montreal visit" 6645:, pp. 122–123. The text of the Sierra Maestra Manifesto can be found online at 4371: 3524: 2472: 1323: 22839: 22827: 22547: 22472: 22402: 22387: 22367: 22314: 22097: 22092: 22072: 22022: 22012: 21839: 21804: 21789: 21738: 21467: 21407: 21247: 20906: 20886: 20595: 20537: 20531: 20498: 20478: 20468: 20317: 20118: 20110: 19850: 19718: 19351: 19256: 19203: 19125: 19060: 18941: 18783: 18404: 18379: 18327: 18310: 17921: 17731: 16090: 16041: 15645: 14310: 14251: 14192: 14133: 12969: 10513: 6849: 6651: 4643: 4591:

Censorship of information was extensive, and independent journalism was repressed.

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said: "One day the good Lord will take Fidel Castro away." Hearing about this, the

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Exploring Revolution: Essays on Latin American Insurgency and Revolutionary Theory

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gifted to him by Leonid Brezhnev, while his escort would accompany him in several

3800: 3492: 2526: 1941:. Castro exercised a great deal of influence over Urrutia's regime, which was now 1808: 22766: 22622: 22612: 22597: 22577: 22562: 22537: 22482: 22247: 22215: 22107: 22067: 21829: 21824: 21764: 21705: 21437: 21315: 21142: 21107: 21015: 21010: 20734: 20628: 20302: 20235: 20225: 20190: 20146: 20133: 20085: 19916: 19906: 19765: 19673: 18994: 18969: 18946: 18683: 18620: 18507: 18497: 18472: 18276: 18232: 18206: 18142: 17772: 17706: 17673: 17648: 17423: 17285: 17247: 15548: 15505: 15409: 15405: 14357: 14082: 13364: 12068: 11712: 11636: 11613: 11585:"Fidel Castro warns of nuclear risk in 1st speech to Cuban parliament in 4 years" 11004: 10845: 10815: 8891: 7651: 4836: 4790: 4654: 4423: 4096: 4052: 3865: 3736:

trade bloc in 2006. In the 2000s, Castro forged alliances in the Latin American "

3336: 3236: 3064: 2858: 2854: 2838: 2779: 2695: 2668: 2648: 2608: 2456:, Cuba allied with the wealthier Soviets, who offered economic and military aid. 2346: 2325: 2162: 1776: 1614: 1570: 1360: 1226: 987: 984: 22915: 20729: 19261: 15619:

Evo Morales: The Extraordinary Rise of the First Indigenous President of Bolivia

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The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale

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Castro's closest male friends were the members of his immediate bodyguard unit,

4341:

life." Castro provided a large apartment for Celia on 11th Street near Vedado,

4193:

in Holguin, and two residences in Santiago de Cuba (one of which is shared with

4029:

whose cult of personality he considered excessive, outlandish and unreasonable.

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before their meeting on the sidelines of United Nations General Assembly in 1960

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The Fighting Never Stopped: A Comprehensive Guide to World Conflicts Since 1945

14950: 6253:"Por vez primera en México se exhibe el testimonio fotográfico del Che Guevara" 4701: 4689: 4649: 4334: 4261:

for breakfast accompanied by milk provided from one of the cows that grazed on

4108: 3656: 3570: 3544: 3497: 3488:, saying that the US-led war had imposed an international "law of the jungle". 3463: 3388: 3359: 3283:

on a 1994 visit to Colombia and called for a negotiated settlement between the

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region as Somalia invaded Ethiopia; although a former ally of Somali president

2903: 2842: 2752: 2707: 2565: 2518: 2210: 2154:, and the Soviet Union (USSR), a Marxist–Leninist socialist state ruled by the 1884: 1788: 1772: 1729: 1586: 1446: 1407: 1210: 1141: 1117: 1054: 657: 18798: 17573: 17370: 16749: 16722: 16627: 16564: 16503: 16428: 16166: 16142: 15649: 15185:"A Deeper Shade of Green: The Evolution of Cuban Environmental Law and Policy" 14879: 14455: 14239: 14196: 11758:"Fidel Castro and Hugo Chávez played role in Colombia's peace talks with Farc" 10245: 10035: 7483: 6853: 4528: 4209:, which also housed another residence and guesthouse. Castro used two yachts, 4137: 3420: 2930: 1562: 1153: 1038: 647: 177: 22964: 22756: 22602: 22497: 22462: 22447: 22407: 21949: 21779: 21517: 21427: 21290: 21270: 21157: 20918: 20896: 20861: 20440: 20435: 20390: 20312: 20272: 20021: 19946: 19936: 19931: 19815: 19683: 19366: 19346: 19326: 19306: 19281: 19238: 19180: 19170: 18999: 18813: 18803: 18728: 18610: 18482: 18416: 18394: 18349: 18322: 18271: 16298: 15734: 15577: 15009: 14322: 14263: 14204: 14145: 13774: 13735: 10722:"Cuba's Doctors Resuscitate Economy Aid Missions Make Money, Not Just Allies" 7617:"Cuban exiles hope diplomatic thaw can help them regain confiscated property" 7159: 6861: 4712: 4635: 4250: 4194: 4129: 3985:

Within Cuba, Castro was primarily referred to by his official military title

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systems served the interests of socio-economic elites. US Secretary of State

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Map showing key locations in the Sierra Maestra during the 1958 stage of the

1796: 1724:, but Castro opposed the student's support for indiscriminate assassination. 1639: 1635: 1394:

was founded at a summit in Bogotá, leading to protests, which Castro joined.

1050: 17513: 17312: 17268: 17170: 15464:

Hugo Chávez: The Definitive Biography of Venezuela's Controversial President

15196: 12741:"Havana in mourning: 'We Cubans are Fidelista even if we are not communist'" 12064:"Fidel Castro obituary: The Cuban revolutionary who defied 10 US presidents" 10670: 4665:

Noting that there were "few more polarising political figures" than Castro,

4482: 4002: 3607:. When asked whether Castro may be re-entering government, culture minister 2738: 1749: 1378:'s Argentine government. There, the assassination of popular leftist leader 1375: 1310: 22542: 22492: 22422: 22412: 22266: 22254: 22241: 22047: 21874: 21375: 20623: 20473: 20332: 20327: 20322: 20028: 19810: 19429: 19356: 19311: 19045: 18936: 18911: 18833: 17273: 16383: 16325: 15348:

Visions of Power in Cuba: Revolution, Redemption, and Resistance, 1959–1971

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resigned, going into exile in the US and joining the anti-Castro movement.

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and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the

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Lachapelle, Jean; Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A.; Casey, Adam E. (2020).

14013:

Graham-Harrison, Emma; Gibbs, Stephen; Borger, Julian (26 November 2016).

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along with another house in a vacation compound for the Politburo nearby,

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that I am not in a physical condition to offer". On 24 February 2008, the

2918:. When the US and South Africa stepped up their support of the opposition 2733: 2065: 1536: 1017:. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the 22851: 22587: 22192: 22162: 22017: 22007: 21906: 21769: 21562: 21051: 20881: 20866: 20677: 20525: 20493: 20380: 20195: 20100: 20039: 19409: 19296: 19271: 19213: 19175: 19165: 19035: 18778: 18447: 18266: 17989: 15906: 10701: 4631: 4622: 4450: 4157:

In addition to "Punto Cero," Castro had five other residences in Havana:

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In the early 1990s Castro embraced environmentalism, campaigning against

3321: 3153: 3147: 3142: 3124: 3081: 2954: 2861:, the first National Congress of the Cuban Communist Party was held, and 2829: 2814: 2703: 2538: 2425: 2409: 2132: 2112: 1863: 1738: 1721: 1647: 1643: 1590: 1485: 1454: 1450: 1316:

In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People (or Orthodox Party;

1306: 1294: 1042: 972: 15397: 14137: 4453:. Her father inadvertently found out about the latter job while reading 4186: 3914:

Soviet films. His favorite film was the five-hour long 1967 adaption of

3698:] this evening." His death came nine months after his older brother 3399: 3348: 1342: 1289:. Admitting he was "politically illiterate", Castro became embroiled in 22346: 22057: 22027: 21981: 21896: 21864: 21856: 21799: 21487: 21202: 20891: 20779: 20385: 19911: 19785: 19399: 19185: 19130: 19100: 19030: 18723: 18389: 18181: 17792: 17782: 16818:

Industry, Construction, Tourism, Transportation and Services Department

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engines gifted from Brezhnev allowing for top speeds of over 42 Knots.

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Castro underwent surgery for intestinal bleeding, and on 31 July 2006,

2982: 2974: 2572:. Castro returned to Cuba with new ideas; inspired by Soviet newspaper 2561: 2530: 2398: 1962: 1511:

had considerable support and was predicted to do well in the election.

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First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba

21000: 18844: 15855:. PO Bo 1015, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia: Ocean Press. 15657: 14121: 11553: 10469: 10437: 10281: 10265: 9905:

Farnsworth, Clyde H.; Times, Special To the New York (16 March 1988).

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had only fantasized about: he had taken on the United States and won.

2180: 1955:– Castro's response to his critics regarding the mass executions, 1959 22642: 22487: 22336: 22309: 22122: 22077: 21986: 21954: 21934: 21926: 21255: 21045: 19951: 19745: 19464: 19404: 19286: 18896: 18251: 15940: 11204: 4079: 4046: 3948: 3745: 3737: 3703: 3408: 2767: 2640: 2636: 2480: 2421: 2255: 2193: 1438: 1149: 995: 113: 22949: 18487: 15809:

The Castro Obsession: U.S. Covert Operations Against Cuba, 1959–1965

15367:

Cuba on My Mind: The Secret Lives of Watergate Burglar Frank Sturgis

14622:"Trump and Obama offer divergent responses to death of Fidel Castro" 14015:"Fidel Castro: leader proves as divisive in death as he was in life" 8971: 8915: 8654:"Cuban Missile Crisis: the 3 most surprising things you didn't know" 5266: 4621:

called him a "brutal dictator", while the Cuban-American politician

4032: 3387:, and at the 26 July celebrations in 1991, he was joined onstage by 3379:

movement, criticizing US global hegemony and the control exerted by

3320:

step down as head of government, to be replaced by the much younger

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ideas. In the 2000s, Castro forged alliances in the Latin American "

22221: 22062: 21959: 21834: 21653: 21557: 20697: 20555: 20009: 19301: 19276: 19233: 19067: 19050: 18974: 17136: 15951: 14817: 14646: 14452:"Still Stuck on Castro - How the press handled a tyrant's farewell" 10758: 9481: 8896: 8868: 4285: 3939: 3891:. Castro was a voracious reader; amongst his favorite authors were 3753: 3733: 3480: 3448: 3363:

resources. By 2006, Cuba was the world's only nation which met the

3267:. Yeltsin despised Castro and developed links with the Miami-based 3182:

When Gorbachev visited Cuba in April 1989, he informed Castro that

3136: 2809:, praising him as Africa's greatest leader, and there received the 2775: 2652: 2613: 2424:. On the night of 16 to 17 April, Brigade 2506 landed along Cuba's 2147: 2107: 2043: 1684: 1541:

Castro formed a group called "The Movement" which operated along a

1078: 21341:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

16337: 12739:

Gibbs, Stephen; Watts, Jonathan; Francis, Ted (26 November 2016).

12716: 10894: 10642: 10337: 9401: 8800: 8756: 3796: 3263:

abolished the Soviet Communist Party and introducing a capitalist

2639:. He allowed revolutionary groups from around the world, from the 1234: 1180:. His critics view him as a dictator whose administration oversaw 1002: 450: 22167: 22052: 22042: 21991: 21532: 20277: 19228: 18758: 18467: 13829: 12271: 12096:"Fidel Castro Laid to Rest in Cuba, Ending Nine Days of Mourning" 8182:"400 picket U.N. in salute to castro and lumumba. New York Times" 4748: 4281: 4277: 4177:(confiscated from an American businessman connected to Batista); 4123:, a large and vegetative estate approximately 6 km from the 4104: 3749: 3663:. In late October 2016, Castro met with the Portuguese president 3548: 2985:, Castro had warned him against such action, and Cuba sided with 2934: 2821: 2756: 2628: 2550: 2100:

Castro's government emphasised social projects to improve Cuba's

2070: 1779:

noted that there was "no better place to hide" in all the island.

1434: 1374:, Colombia, leading a Cuban student group sponsored by President 1254: 1101: 1006: 239:

President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba

17605: 15831:

People's Power: Cuba's Experience with Representative Government

12830: 11650:"Fidel quits Communist Party leadership as Cuba looks to reform" 11125:"Acting president Raul Castro says brother Fidel getting better" 3127:

in guerrilla warfare but received little support from the USSR.

2509:

U-2 reconnaissance photograph of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba

1870: 1473: 22235: 22037: 21976: 20911: 19155: 18442: 15991: 15901: 15699:

Red Heat: Conspiracy, Murder, and the Cold War in the Caribbean

15411:

Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War

14359:

Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War

12626: 10623:(Report). World Wildlife Fund. 2006. p. 19. Archived from 4586:

According to political scientists, Castro ruled a single-party

4354: 4300: 4222: 4041: 3623: 3158: 2978: 2938: 2574: 2251: 2150:

raged between two superpowers: the United States, a capitalist

1752:

led an armed uprising in Santiago and Manzanillo. However, the

1748:

s scheduled day of arrival, 30 November, MR-26-7 members under

1734: 1674:

Fidel Castro and his men in the Sierra Maestra, 2 December 1956

1625: 1345:, anti-imperialist, anti-colonialist and pro-democratic ideas. 1282: 1140:

in 1991, Castro led Cuba through the economic downturn of the "

473: 23136:

Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class

15443:

Covering Castro: Rise and Decline of Cuba's Communist Dictator

14240:"The Absolution of History: Uses of the Past in Castro's Cuba" 13646:"Castro's Last Battle: Can the revolution outlive its leader?" 13289:"La fortuna y extravagante vida de Fidel Castro, según Forbes" 13255:"La fortuna que cosechó Fidel Castro, según la revista Forbes" 11981:"Japan's Shinzo Abe meets Fidel Castro, discusses North Korea" 11868:"Fidel Castro appears to lend support to Cuba talks with U.S." 11788:"Fidel Castro to North Korea: nuclear war will benefit no one" 11099:"Castro says he resigned as Communist Party chief 5 years ago" 8062: 7647:"Run from Cuba, Americans cling to claims for seized property" 7175: 3971: 3659:, and later that month was visited by Japanese prime minister 2254:, he met with journalists and anti-establishment figures like 1708:, who agreed to teach Castro's rebels the necessary skills in 983:

from 1965 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a

22857: 22720: 22676:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

22182: 21965: 20044: 12638: 12548: 12283: 12181: 12007:"Marcelo foi um dos últimos líderes a estar com Fidel Castro" 4304: 4258: 3732:

Castro (second from left) with South American leaders of the

2923: 2891: 2217:. In retaliation, the National Institute for Agrarian Reform 2058:" for Latin America. In May 1959, Castro signed into law the 1907:; however, Batista was warned, and fled into exile with over 1518:, the former president who had returned to politics with the 1136:, increased Cuba's profile on the world stage. Following the 186:

President of the Council of State of Cuba

12343: 11897:"Fidel Castro writes caustic note to Obama after Cuba visit" 11724: 11299:(in Spanish). Comité Central del Partido Comunista de Cuba. 9016: 9014: 2698:. Asserting Cuba's independence, Castro refused to sign the 2676:

Tri-Continental Conference of Africa, Asia and Latin America

2405: 1382:

led to widespread rioting and clashes between the governing

22260: 22142: 20034: 19978: 17636: 15935: 12888: 12205: 10485: 10409: 10397: 10353: 10023: 5287: 5285: 4721:

wide variety of awards and honours from foreign governments

3432: 3314:– Fidel Castro explaining the reforms of the Special Period 3280: 2911: 2632: 2521: 2514: 2170: 1630:

Imprisoned with 25 comrades, Castro renamed his group the "

1069:

of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the

956: 930: 15384:

Lecuona, Rafael A. (1991). "Jose Marti and Fidel Castro".

14178: 14012: 13384: 13155: 13153: 12794: 12246: 12244: 11236:"Castro elected President of Non-Aligned Movement Nations" 10584: 10582: 10580: 10153: 10141: 10086: 10084: 10082: 9962:

The Economic Impact of U.S. Sanctions With Respect to Cuba

9816: 9814: 9799: 8828: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7312:"How 1 man brought Fidel Castro to Montreal in April 1959" 4700:

said that Castro "was a hero for many." Russian president

3975:

Cuban propaganda poster proclaiming a quote from Castro: "

3667:, who became one of the last foreign leaders to meet him. 3235:

Castro in front of a Havana statue of Cuban national hero

3157:

Castro's image painted onto a now-destroyed lighthouse in

3005:

in its overthrow of the Nicaraguan rightist government of

2054:, unsuccessfully proposing a $ 30 billion US-funded " 1618:), a relatively comfortable and modern institution on the 22715: 22695: 22690: 18952:

Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe

18931: 15962: 15055:

Cuba Confidential: Love and Vengeance in Miami and Havana

13969: 13967: 13889: 13887: 13455: 13453: 13428: 13426: 13413: 13411: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13008: 13006: 13004: 12936: 12806: 12706: 12704: 12616: 12614: 12577: 12575: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12412: 10691: 10689: 9735: 9554: 9552: 9525: 9369: 9117: 9011: 8856: 8788: 8063:"What is the longest speech given at the United Nations?" 4684: 4494: 4439:

While Castro was married to Mirta, he had an affair with

4273: 4067: 4001:" ("The Horse"), a label attributed to Cuban entertainer 3612: 2968:– Fidel Castro's message to the UN General Assembly, 1979 2805:. Castro proceeded to Guinea to meet socialist President 2206: 2089:

foreign investors who owned stakes in these commodities.

2020:

would not meet with him, but instead sent Vice President

1858: 1128:. These actions, coupled with Castro's leadership of the 918: 23156:

Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo

15985:

Date N/A, National Records and Archives Administration,

14973: 14751: 14749: 13984: 13982: 12319: 9576: 9457: 5282: 3564: 2487:

Cuban Missile Crisis and furthering socialism: 1962–1968

2310:

Castro giving press statement next to Egypt's President

2242:

In September 1960, Castro flew to New York City for the

2205:, in March 1960, US President Eisenhower authorized the 1700:, who was working as a journalist and photographer for " 1565:. Castro stockpiled weapons for a planned attack on the 1468: 14931: 14880:"Czech, Slovak MEPs 'shocked' by EU comments on Castro" 14795:"Cuba: Fidel Castro's Abusive Machinery Remains Intact" 14734: 14722: 14710: 14662: 14571: 14532: 13911: 13763:"Las dispares vidas de los otros hijos de Fidel Castro" 13610: 13340: 13328: 13165: 13150: 13054: 13030: 12989: 12955: 12953: 12951: 12924: 12912: 12876: 12818: 12657:

Hopkins, Dwight N.; Antonio, Edward P. (26 July 2012).

12560: 12536: 12500: 12440: 12355: 12331: 12261: 12259: 12241: 12217: 12193: 11630:"Fidel Castro addresses parliament after four-year gap" 11040: 10978: 10658: 10577: 10533: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10099: 10079: 10067: 10055: 9979: 9811: 9677:"Fidel Castro's Greatest Legacy in Africa Is in Angola" 9608: 9537: 7747: 6897:"Setting Up the Scapegoat Who Will Be Blamed for Cuba?" 2755:

visited in October 1971. In July 1972, Cuba joined the

2746:, Fidel Castro, and Benzaza Hadj Benabdallah – May 1972 2734:

Economic stagnation and Third World politics: 1969–1974

2291:, Castro also received an evening's reception from the 1799:, the survivors included the Castros, Che Guevara, and 1537:

The Movement and the Moncada Barracks attack: 1952–1953

1477:

Castro intended to overthrow the presidency of General

1301:

within the university. After becoming passionate about

19:"El Comandante" redirects here. For the TV series, see 18671: 15121:. Ramonet, Ignacio (interviewer). New York: Scribner. 14769:"Fidel Castro: A progressive but deeply flawed leader" 14698: 14686: 14508: 14049:"Fidel Castro: As Divisive in Death as he was in Life" 13994: 13964: 13899: 13884: 13872: 13860: 13848: 13805: 13793: 13698: 13622: 13598: 13574: 13562: 13507: 13495: 13450: 13438: 13423: 13408: 13396: 13311: 13215: 13213: 13138: 13126: 13090: 13078: 13066: 13042: 13018: 13001: 12900: 12701: 12611: 12599: 12587: 12572: 12524: 12488: 12464: 12452: 12409: 12367: 12307: 12295: 10686: 10177: 10165: 10129: 10117: 9767: 9549: 9221: 8999: 8987: 8234: 2663:. In 1965, Castro authorized Che Guevara to travel to 1993: 1168:

Raúl Castro, who was elected to the presidency by the

1005:, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted 22811: 16646: 15790:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 15459: 14746: 14674: 14520: 14496: 13979: 13961:. Cuban American National Foundation. 29 October 2003 13586: 13519: 13114: 13102: 12689: 12476: 12428: 12229: 11461:"Fidel Castro to turn 86, but out of view since June" 11210: 10707: 10011: 9651: 9564: 9513: 9469: 9105: 8903: 7187: 6727: 6725: 4549:

List of awards and honours bestowed upon Fidel Castro

3791:

drew upon the wider Latin American phenomenon of the

2669:

revolutionaries against the Western-backed government

1932:

At Castro's command, the politically moderate lawyer

939: 921: 915: 16551:

Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces

15460:

Marcano, Christina; Barrera Tyszka, Alberto (2007).

14854:"O Canada: Trudeau's Castro tribute raises eyebrows" 14833: 14480:. Inter American Press Association. 3 October 2006. 14443: 12948: 12512: 12387:"Fidel Castro takes blame for 1960s gay persecution" 12256: 11820:. Associated Press. 22 December 2014. Archived from 11818:"Fidel Castro awarded China's Confucius Peace Prize" 11676:"Cuban communists opt for old guard to lead reforms" 11554:"Cuba's Fidel Castro makes rare state TV appearance" 11216: 10096: 7586:"Cuban exiles seek compensation for seized property" 7338:"Toy drive brought Fidel Castro to Montreal in 1959" 3702:

died at the age of 91 in February. Fidel Castro was

3431:

Cuba and Venezuela were the founding members of the

3199:

and the Sandinistas, were defeated by the US-funded

2347:

Bay of Pigs Invasion and "Socialist Cuba": 1961–1962

1213:

at his father's farm on 13 August 1926. His father,

927: 924: 15675:

The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa

15350:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 14591:"Donald Trump calls Fidel Castro 'brutal dictator'" 14398:

Impediments to Human rights in Cuban Law (Part III)

13210: 11639:, BBC News, 7 August 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010. 11493:"Fidel Castro sends farewell message to his people" 10878:. Caribbean Net News. 13 March 2006. Archived from 8419: 8417: 8025: 8023: 8021: 7536: 7534: 5544: 3375:of over 0.8. Castro also became a proponent of the 2702:, declaring it a Soviet-US attempt to dominate the 2262:, with the two publicly condemning the poverty and 1333: 1188:, and the impoverishment of the country's economy. 1045:. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the 912: 888: For medical reasons, presidential powers were 17453: 15852:CIA Targets Fidel: The Secret Assassination Report 15806: 15696: 15514:. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company. 15461: 15324: 15302:Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro 15243: 15163: 15140: 15076: 14395: 14388: 14356:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (16 August 2010). 14126:Journal of International Relations and Development 14047: 13826:"Cuba's first family not immune to political rift" 13721: 13182: 13180: 11727:"Pope meets Cuba's Fidel Castro, slams US embargo" 11491: 7482: 6722: 5884: 5882: 3367:'s definition of sustainable development, with an 3045: 2700:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1580:Castro under arrest after the Moncada attack, 1953 341:Himself (as president of the Council of Ministers) 15717: 15035:(second ed.). London and New York: Longman. 12738: 12159:"Fidel Castro's ashes buried in Santiago de Cuba" 11607:"Fidel Castro Addresses Parliament on Iran Issue" 10786:"Misión Henry Reeve:: Fidel soldado de las ideas" 10600: 9907:"Soviet Said to Reduce Support for Cuban Economy" 4272:Until 1979, Castro's primary vehicle was a black 4233:had two companion speedboats used by his escort, 4036:Castro in his characteristic green fatigues, 2012 3642:In December 2014, Castro was awarded the Chinese 3331:Castro's government diversified its economy into 1116:, as well as sending troops to aid allies in the 23071:First secretaries of the Communist Party of Cuba 22962: 22661:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 15531:El Clandestinaje y la Lucha Armada Contra Castro 14296: 14181:"Social Revolution and Authoritarian Durability" 13952:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13934:. Archived from the original on 10 December 2006 13249: 13247: 11725:Pullella, Philip; Franks, Jeff (29 March 2012). 11706:Castro condemns NATO's 'inevitable' war on Libya 11152:"Cuba's Castro says recovering, sounds stronger" 8414: 8018: 7531: 6648:"Raul Antonio Chibás: Manifiesto Sierra Maestra" 1557:, Castro avoided an alliance with the communist 23141:Secretaries-general of the Non-Aligned Movement 21098:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 20505:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 18990:Predictions of the collapse of the Soviet Union 15756: 15482: 15331:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 15147:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 13282: 13280: 13177: 11755: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11127:. CBC News. Associated Press. 9 February 2007. 10680: 9904: 7480: 7181: 7165: 6809: 6807: 5879: 4755: and the second or maternal family name is 2533:to search vessels headed to Cuba, sparking the 1927: 1911:on 31 December 1958. Cantillo entered Havana's 19771:Removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria 16415:First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba 15691: 15250:. New York: Random House First Vintage Books. 15191:. Vol. 28, no. 3. pp. 489–525. 14087:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7, 43. 12656: 12554: 12037:"Cuba's former leader Fidel Castro dead at 90" 12029: 11060:"Reaction Mixed to Castro's Turnover of Power" 5669: 5653: 5574: 5382: 5220: 5180: 3543:Commenting on Castro's recovery, US president 3415:Mired in economic problems, Cuba was aided by 1277:In 1942, Castro transferred to the Jesuit-run 1025:, he planned the overthrow of Cuban president 19994: 18860: 18657: 17656: 17621: 17439: 17200: 17186: 16670: 16614:Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement 16587:Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement 16526:President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba 16007: 15718:Whittle, Daniel; Rey Santos, Orlando (2006). 15116: 15004:. Vol. 36, no. 1. pp. 99–110. 13244: 12644: 12632: 12289: 12277: 12187: 11923:"Fidel Castro gives his 'last' party address" 11865: 11652:. Euronews.net. 19 April 2011. Archived from 11620:. 8 August 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2011. 11339:"Fidel Castro stepping down as Cuba's leader" 11290: 11077: 7615:Luscombe, Joe Lamar Richard (1 August 2015). 7555:"Book reveals extent of Mafia's Cuban empire" 6296: 5725: 5570: 5502: 5394: 5318: 5204: 5156: 5140: 5052: 5028: 5004: 4964: 4944: 4924: 4904: 4884: 4860: 4816: 4374:, the head of the American Department of the 4221:, which was decorated with wood donated from 4169:(Dalia's old house before meeting Fidel) and 4060: 3981:" ("To fight against the impossible and win") 3976: 1514:During his campaign, Castro met with General 998:reforms were implemented throughout society. 892:to the Vice President from 31 July 2006. 814: 766: 759: 752: 745: 738: 731: 724: 363:16 September 2006 – 24 February 2008 99: 74:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 23166:Recipients of the Order of the National Flag 22737:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 20288:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 18115:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution 17414:acted as president during part of this term. 16388: 15305:. New York City: Little, Brown and Company. 15221:Castro's Daughter, An Exile's Memoir of Cuba 14544: 14362:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 6–7. 14299:"Communicating authoritarian elite cohesion" 13639: 13637: 13277: 11458: 11447: 10998:Castro: Kuwait, Iraq Invasions Both Mistakes 7553:Martorell, Carlos Rodriguez (17 July 2008). 6804: 6583: 6581: 4796:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 3685:Castro's funeral procession passing through 3491:Meanwhile, in 1998, Canadian prime minister 3210: 2933:, where they agreed to support Mozambique's 2301:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution 2008:On 16 February 1959, Castro was sworn in as 1733:, on 25 November 1956, Castro set sail from 1626:Imprisonment and 26 July Movement: 1953–1955 21598:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 16684: 15488:Historieta de Venezuela: De Macuro a Maduro 15404: 15083:. New York City: Dodd, Mead & Company. 14787: 14771:. Amnesty International. 26 November 2016. 14355: 11516: 11262:"Bush wishes Cuba's Castro would disappear" 11150:Pretel, Enrique Andres (28 February 2007). 9627:O'Grady, Mary Anastasia (30 October 2005). 9626: 4839:". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). 2014. 3818: 3512: 3371:of less than 1.8 hectares per capita and a 2469:Unidades Militares de Ayuda a la Producción 2331:Castro proclaimed the new administration a 2271:to interrupt a speech by Filipino delegate 1771:The thickly forested mountain range of the 1762: 1415:– Fidel Castro on discovering Marxism, 2009 300:16 February 1959 – 2 December 1976 251:2 December 1976 – 24 February 2008 198:2 December 1976 – 24 February 2008 23161:Recipients of the Order of Merit (Jamaica) 22701:United States involvement in regime change 20256:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 20001: 19987: 18867: 18853: 18664: 18650: 17628: 17614: 17446: 17432: 17193: 17179: 16677: 16663: 16014: 16000: 15974:Barcelona Centre for International Affairs 14297:Schedler, Andreas; Hoffmann, Bert (2015). 13473:"Castro Adviser, 66, Dies of Heart Attack" 13286: 11238:. People's News Daily. 16 September 2006. 9071:"Castro comments on Czechoslovakia crisis" 6758: 6756: 6630: 6628: 6099: 6097: 3938:have been a matter of some debate; he was 2892:Foreign wars and NAM Presidency: 1975–1979 2651:'s socialist regime in Algeria during the 1890:Batista responded with an all-out-attack, 1359:to overthrow the right-wing government of 112: 16490:President of the Council of State of Cuba 15958:Fidel Castro: From Rebel to El Presidente 15703:. New York City: Henry Holt and Company. 15364: 15215: 14951:"Castro ends state-visit to South Africa" 14907: 14905: 14450:Moynihan, Michael C. (22 February 2008). 14045: 13923: 13854: 13634: 12660:The Cambridge Companion to Black Theology 11837:"Fidel Castro Wins Confucius Peace Prize" 9670: 9668: 9666: 7552: 7485:With Fidel: A Portrait of Castro and Cuba 6607: 6578: 5302: 5300: 4605:United States Interests Section in Havana 4420:Fidel Ángel "Fidelito" Castro Díaz-Balart 3103:in 1979, befriending Grenadine president 2446:Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas 2393:in April 1961. On 15 April, CIA-supplied 1874:Castro (right) with fellow revolutionary 1350:– Fidel Castro on the Bogotazo, 2009 950: 396:10 September 1979 – 6 March 1983 18125:Military Counterintelligence Directorate 16823:Organization and Cadre Policy Department 16808:Education, Sports and Science Department 15813:. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. 15783: 14913:"Fidel Castro's Death – World Reactions" 14449: 14119: 13715: 13713: 13643: 12055: 11582: 8179: 7614: 7481:Mankiewicz, Frank; Jones, Kirby (1976). 7413: 6894: 4648: 4527: 4319: 4276:limousine, first an armored convertible 4031: 3970: 3870: 3727: 3680: 3583: 3453: 3403:Castro meeting with Brazilian president 3398: 3230: 3152: 3049: 2801:and established a military junta led by 2761: 2737: 2681: 2504: 2404: 2305: 2229: 2179: 2106: 2064: 2026: 1869: 1813: 1766: 1669: 1575: 1472: 1264: 1191: 1065:, and counter-revolution, including the 20827:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 19395:Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation 18874: 15987:American Archive of Public Broadcasting 15804: 15635: 15594: 15571: 15547: 15383: 15369:. Amelia, OH: Baronakers Publications. 15241: 15182: 15135: 15049: 15028: 14979: 14937: 14827: 14740: 14728: 14716: 14668: 14656: 14577: 14538: 14526: 14514: 14502: 14046:Alexander, Harriet (26 November 2016). 14000: 13988: 13917: 13905: 13893: 13878: 13866: 13811: 13799: 13704: 13628: 13616: 13604: 13580: 13568: 13525: 13513: 13444: 13432: 13417: 13402: 13346: 13334: 13322: 13171: 13159: 13144: 13132: 13120: 13108: 13096: 13084: 13072: 13060: 13048: 13036: 13024: 13012: 12995: 12959: 12930: 12918: 12906: 12894: 12882: 12824: 12770:Bardach, Ann Louise (15 October 2012). 12769: 12722: 12710: 12620: 12605: 12581: 12566: 12542: 12506: 12494: 12470: 12458: 12446: 12434: 12422: 12361: 12349: 12337: 12313: 12301: 12250: 12223: 12211: 12199: 12123: 12121: 12061: 11429:"CUBA: Raúl Shares His Seat with Fidel" 11046: 10984: 10664: 10648: 10604: 10588: 10567: 10551: 10539: 10523: 10503: 10491: 10475: 10459: 10443: 10431: 10415: 10403: 10391: 10375: 10359: 10343: 10327: 10323: 10307: 10287: 10271: 10255: 10235: 10215: 10195: 10090: 10073: 10061: 10045: 10029: 10005: 9985: 9892: 9876: 9856: 9836: 9820: 9789: 9761: 9729: 9709: 9614: 9602: 9543: 9507: 9491: 9451: 9431: 9395: 9347: 9331: 9311: 9295: 9279: 9259: 9243: 9199: 9179: 9159: 9139: 9099: 9056: 8981: 8965: 8945: 8925: 8878: 8822: 8750: 8714: 8694: 8682: 8651: 8639: 8619: 8607: 8595: 8583: 8567: 8547: 8527: 8483: 8463: 8427: 8392: 8368: 8356: 8336: 8316: 8280: 8260: 8167: 8131: 8049: 8000: 7980: 7960: 7940: 7920: 7880: 7876: 7864: 7852: 7836: 7820: 7804: 7741: 7489:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 7454: 7416:"The Controversial, Charismatic Castro" 7401: 7285: 7249: 7213: 7153: 7137: 7117: 7097: 7081: 7061: 7049: 7029: 7009: 6989: 6969: 6949: 6933: 6833: 6821: 6798: 6766: 6753: 6747: 6731: 6716: 6700: 6680: 6642: 6625: 6595: 6572: 6552: 6540: 6520: 6500: 6476: 6460: 6428: 6408: 6392: 6372: 6352: 6336: 6316: 6292: 6239: 6203: 6183: 6167: 6151: 6131: 6111: 6094: 6088: 6068: 6048: 6028: 6008: 5988: 5968: 5952: 5932: 5912: 5896: 5873: 5853: 5837: 5825: 5805: 5793: 5781: 5765: 5753: 5741: 5721: 5705: 5685: 5665: 5649: 5629: 5613: 5597: 5566: 5550: 5538: 5522: 5498: 5482: 5470: 5454: 5438: 5422: 5410: 5378: 5346: 5314: 5291: 5276: 5260: 5240: 5216: 5176: 5152: 5136: 5116: 5100: 5084: 5072: 5048: 5024: 5000: 4984: 4960: 4940: 4920: 4900: 4880: 4856: 4812: 4565:– Peter Bourne, Castro biographer, 1986 4553:List of things named after Fidel Castro 4538: 3677:Death and state funeral of Fidel Castro 3628:NATO-led military intervention in Libya 3496:the government to pay attention to the 3433:Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas 3394: 2910:in November 1975 to aid Neto's Marxist 2841:, who became a friend and ally. As the 2555:Secretary-General of the United Nations 2042:, interviews Castro during his trip to 147:3 October 1965 – 19 April 2011 22963: 22671:Russian espionage in the United States 20943:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 19078:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 19015:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 18244: 16463:(as President of Council of Ministers) 15983:Say Brother; 914; Invitation From Cuba 15848: 15672: 15445:. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers. 15440: 15345: 15279: 15264: 15161: 15097: 15071: 14995: 14902: 14704: 14692: 14619: 14237: 14160:from the original on 22 September 2023 14101:from the original on 22 September 2023 14081:Svolik, Milan W. (17 September 2012). 14080: 13973: 13823: 13760: 13550:from the original on 25 September 2017 13537: 13501: 13459: 13390: 13219: 12677:from the original on 22 September 2023 12593: 12530: 12373: 12325: 11877:from the original on 18 September 2015 11149: 10719: 10695: 10676: 10183: 10171: 10159: 10147: 10135: 10123: 10111: 9997: 9970:Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook 9868: 9848: 9773: 9753: 9721: 9663: 9594: 9582: 9570: 9558: 9475: 9463: 9443: 9423: 9407: 9387: 9359: 9323: 9271: 9227: 9211: 9191: 9171: 9151: 9068: 9048: 9032: 9005: 8993: 8977: 8957: 8937: 8921: 8846: 8834: 8778: 8762: 8742: 8726: 8706: 8631: 8579: 8559: 8539: 8511: 8495: 8475: 8451: 8423: 8380: 8348: 8328: 8308: 8292: 8272: 8252: 8240: 8159: 8143: 8099: 8087: 8041: 8029: 8012: 7992: 7972: 7952: 7932: 7912: 7896: 7848: 7816: 7788: 7772: 7760: 7733: 7583: 7540: 7446: 7393: 7366: 7297: 7277: 7261: 7241: 7225: 7205: 7193: 7169: 7149: 7129: 7109: 7093: 7073: 7041: 7021: 7001: 6981: 6961: 6925: 6895:Harrison, Gilbert A. (13 March 1961). 6813: 6790: 6778: 6743: 6712: 6692: 6672: 6634: 6587: 6564: 6532: 6512: 6488: 6472: 6452: 6420: 6404: 6384: 6364: 6348: 6328: 6308: 6284: 6231: 6215: 6195: 6179: 6163: 6143: 6123: 6103: 6080: 6060: 6040: 6020: 6000: 5980: 5944: 5924: 5908: 5888: 5865: 5817: 5777: 5737: 5717: 5697: 5641: 5589: 5562: 5514: 5494: 5466: 5434: 5406: 5370: 5342: 5330: 5306: 5297: 5272: 5252: 5232: 5192: 5168: 5128: 5112: 5096: 5064: 5040: 5016: 4976: 4936: 4896: 4872: 4848: 4808: 3626:. In March 2011, Castro condemned the 3383:. Castro maintained his strong stance 3205:United Nations Human Rights Commission 3123:and sent Ochoa to train the governing 2906:he ordered 230 military advisers into 2766:Castro and members of the East German 2757:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 2717:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 2517:, Khrushchev wanted to install Soviet 2442:Integrated Revolutionary Organizations 2359:Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro 2244:General Assembly of the United Nations 22666:Soviet espionage in the United States 20822:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 20601:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 20266:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 19982: 19425:Initiative for Peace and Human Rights 18848: 18645: 17609: 17427: 17174: 16658: 16645: 16387: 15995: 15827: 15613: 15504: 15298: 15203:from the original on 27 February 2015 15016:from the original on 29 December 2015 14860:from the original on 29 November 2016 14823: 14755: 14680: 14652: 14601:from the original on 26 November 2016 14550: 14478:"62nd General Assembly Reports: Cuba" 14337:from the original on 30 December 2021 14278:from the original on 31 December 2021 13710: 13676:"Fidel Castro's son 'takes own life'" 13656:from the original on 26 February 2015 13592: 13558:– via Latinamericanstudies.org. 13198:from the original on 28 November 2023 12942: 12836: 12812: 12800: 12695: 12518: 12482: 12235: 12043:from the original on 26 November 2016 12017:from the original on 19 February 2019 11987:from the original on 26 November 2016 11983:. Deutsche Welle. 23 September 2016. 11847:from the original on 15 November 2016 11768:from the original on 4 September 2013 11564:from the original on 21 December 2018 11534:from the original on 17 February 2009 11489: 11431:. Inter Press Service. Archived from 11326:from the original on 22 November 2008 11293:"Message from the Commander in Chief" 11222: 11131:from the original on 18 November 2016 11028:from the original on 26 February 2008 10943:from the original on 21 December 2007 10913:from the original on 23 November 2005 10900: 10876:"Cuba opens more Caribbean embassies" 10856:from the original on 26 February 2008 10826:from the original on 26 February 2008 10766:from the original on 26 February 2008 10519: 10427: 10387: 10371: 10319: 10303: 10251: 10231: 10211: 10041: 10017: 10001: 9888: 9872: 9852: 9832: 9805: 9785: 9757: 9741: 9725: 9705: 9674: 9657: 9639:from the original on 11 February 2015 9598: 9531: 9519: 9503: 9487: 9447: 9427: 9411: 9391: 9375: 9363: 9343: 9327: 9307: 9291: 9275: 9255: 9239: 9215: 9195: 9175: 9155: 9135: 9123: 9111: 9095: 9052: 9036: 9020: 8961: 8941: 8909: 8874: 8862: 8850: 8818: 8806: 8794: 8782: 8766: 8746: 8730: 8710: 8635: 8563: 8543: 8523: 8499: 8479: 8459: 8455: 8439: 8408: 8404: 8388: 8384: 8352: 8332: 8312: 8296: 8276: 8256: 8228: 8216: 8212: 8180:Benjamin, Philip (19 February 1961). 8163: 8147: 8127: 8115: 8103: 8069:from the original on 29 November 2018 8045: 7996: 7976: 7956: 7936: 7916: 7900: 7832: 7800: 7776: 7737: 7525: 7513: 7450: 7397: 7309: 7281: 7265: 7245: 7229: 7209: 7133: 7113: 7077: 7045: 7025: 7005: 6985: 6965: 6945: 6929: 6876:from the original on 13 February 2023 6817: 6794: 6762: 6696: 6676: 6638: 6619: 6591: 6568: 6536: 6516: 6456: 6440: 6424: 6388: 6368: 6332: 6312: 6288: 6266:from the original on 27 November 2016 6235: 6219: 6199: 6147: 6127: 6107: 6084: 6064: 6044: 6024: 6004: 5984: 5964: 5948: 5928: 5892: 5869: 5849: 5821: 5701: 5681: 5645: 5625: 5609: 5593: 5534: 5518: 5450: 5374: 5358: 5310: 5256: 5236: 5172: 5132: 5068: 5044: 5020: 4996: 4980: 4956: 4916: 4876: 4852: 3565:Retirement and final years: 2008–2016 3257:Soviet Union was officially dissolved 1983:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 1714:Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil 1469:Career in law and politics: 1950–1952 952:[fiˈðelaleˈxandɾoˈkastɾoˈrus] 23091:Heroes of the Republic (North Korea) 22864: 22742:Soviet Union–United States relations 21093:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 15757:Wickham-Crowley, Timothy P. (1990). 15677:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 15428:from the original on 9 February 2023 15386:International Journal on World Peace 15319: 14961:from the original on 15 January 2009 14919:from the original on 5 December 2016 14890:from the original on 4 November 2018 14851: 14839: 14634:from the original on 4 December 2016 14484:from the original on 27 January 2023 14376:from the original on 9 February 2023 14219:from the original on 21 January 2022 14062:from the original on 10 January 2022 14027:from the original on 4 December 2016 13742:from the original on 10 January 2022 13719: 13299:from the original on 14 October 2023 13265:from the original on 14 October 2023 13232:from the original on 14 October 2023 13188:"Castro denies $ 900m fortune claim" 12864:from the original on 20 October 2006 12854:"Ailing Castro still dominates Cuba" 12840: 12782:from the original on 14 October 2018 12751:from the original on 14 October 2018 12726: 12397:from the original on 20 October 2018 12265: 12169:from the original on 4 December 2016 12139:from the original on 14 January 2021 12118: 12106:from the original on 5 December 2016 11961:from the original on 25 October 2016 11929:from the original on 1 November 2016 11903:from the original on 1 December 2016 11504:from the original on 10 January 2022 11379:from the original on 15 January 2009 11272:from the original on 10 January 2008 11192:from the original on 22 January 2010 11101:. CNN. 22 March 2011. Archived from 11062:. PBS. 1 August 2006. Archived from 10652: 10571: 10555: 10527: 10507: 10479: 10463: 10447: 10347: 10331: 10291: 10275: 10259: 10239: 10219: 10199: 10049: 9793: 9687:from the original on 27 October 2020 8194:from the original on 9 November 2018 7715:from the original on 26 October 2018 7627:from the original on 3 February 2019 7414:Robinson, Eugene (30 January 2005). 4487:Fidel Castro: Photografia Intimidade 3365:United Nations Development Programme 3091:, Castro supported them in the 1982 3003:Sandinista National Liberation Front 1727:After purchasing the decrepit yacht 1532:Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution 1209:Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was born 1158:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 34: 23126:Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize 23016:Collaborators with the Soviet Union 22706:Soviet involvement in regime change 18099:National Revolutionary Police Force 18057:Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR) 18000:National Assembly of People's Power 15528: 15490:(1st ed.). Gráficas Pedrazas. 14852:Park, Maddison (28 November 2016). 14805:from the original on 6 October 2009 14620:Borger, Julian (26 November 2016). 14551:Smith, Wayne S. (2 February 2007). 13781:from the original on 22 August 2019 13220:Rincon, Emmanuel (6 October 2023). 12963:(Summer 1994). Written at Havana. 11756:Beaumont, Peter (13 October 2012). 11399:"Raul Castro named Cuban president" 11369:"Fidel Castro announces retirement" 11316:"Fidel Castro announces retirement" 11303:from the original on 20 August 2011 11242:from the original on 7 October 2012 11018:"Canadian PM visits Fidel in April" 10903:"Cuba and Panama restore relations" 10796:from the original on 5 October 2020 10754:"Cuba to shut plants to save power" 7884: 7679:"Cuba, you owe us $ 7 billion" 7584:Gibson, William E. (5 April 2015). 7428:from the original on 10 August 2018 7367:Lowrie, Morgan (27 November 2016). 7310:Neill, Brennan (28 November 2016). 6907:from the original on 22 August 2018 4244:Castro also had a keen interest in 3978:Luchar contra lo imposible y vencer 3744:Castro proclaimed himself to be "a 3558:National Assembly of People's Power 3458:Castro amid cheering crowds in 2005 2824:to attend the Fourth Summit of the 2412:(left) and Castro, photographed by 2012:. In April, he visited the US on a 1994:Consolidating leadership: 1959–1960 1811:, who would become a close friend. 1678:In 1954, Batista's government held 1545:, publishing underground newspaper 1525: 1370:In April 1948, Castro travelled to 1204: 967:from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a 13: 23076:Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union 22747:Soviet Union–United States summits 20221:1947 Polish parliamentary election 20106:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 18673:Chairs of the Non-Aligned Movement 17748:United States embargo against Cuba 15777: 15761:. Armonk and London: M.E. Sharpe. 15079:Fidel: A Biography of Fidel Castro 14775:from the original on 15 April 2017 14084:The Politics of Authoritarian Rule 13929: 13761:Palomo, Elvira (2 February 2018). 13720:Hart, Philip (26 September 2009). 13644:Anderson, Jon Lee (31 July 2006). 13538:Tamayo, Juan O. (8 October 2000). 12977:from the original on 22 April 2021 12129:"Cuba's Fidel Castro dies aged 90" 12062:Davison, Phil (26 November 2016). 11595:from the original on 29 April 2011 11524:"Fidel contemplates his mortality" 11345:. 18 February 2008. Archived from 11291:Castro, Fidel (18 February 2008). 11182:"Castro resumes official business" 11082:. Juventud Rebelde. Archived from 10933:"Castro welcomes one-off US trade" 10816:"Castro calls for Caribbean unity" 9943:from the original on 14 April 2019 7689:from the original on 12 April 2019 7659:from the original on 12 April 2019 7596:from the original on 12 April 2019 7565:from the original on 20 March 2017 7460:"First Agrarian Reform Law (1959)" 7375:from the original on 20 March 2022 7348:from the original on 17 April 2022 7318:from the original on 18 April 2018 4599:of the United States". Similarly, 4389: 4119:Castro's primary residence was at 3275:and took a particular interest in 3269:Cuban American National Foundation 3040:Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 2999:Eritrean People's Liberation Front 2820:In September 1973, he returned to 2564:rally, and being awarded both the 1144:", embracing environmentalist and 1053:against Batista's forces from the 959:from 1959 to 2008, serving as the 14: 23177: 21508:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 21443:United States invasion of Grenada 20713:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 20654:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 18922:Eastern Bloc media and propaganda 18907:Criticism of communist party rule 18120:Dirección General de Inteligencia 17635: 16647:Articles relating to Fidel Castro 15891: 15729:. Vol. 37. pp. 73–103. 15638:Journal of Latin American Studies 15576:(First U.S. ed.). New York: 15554:Mandela: The Authorised Biography 15189:Golden Gate University Law Review 14402:. Human Rights Watch. June 1999. 14238:Miller, Nicola (1 January 2003). 14120:Hoffmann, Bert (1 October 2015). 13824:Boadle, Anthony (8 August 2006). 13686:from the original on 6 April 2019 13360:"The Bitter Family (page 1 of 2)" 12076:from the original on 25 July 2022 11925:. Deutsche Welle. 19 April 2016. 11899:. Deutsche Welle. 28 March 2016. 11866:Daniel Trotta (26 January 2015). 11798:from the original on 24 June 2013 11409:from the original on 22 June 2018 11211:Marcano & Barrera Tyszka 2007 11162:from the original on 26 July 2012 10966:from the original on 25 June 2006 10901:Gibbs, Stephen (21 August 2005). 10720:Morris, Ruth (18 December 2005). 10708:Marcano & Barrera Tyszka 2007 9077:from the original on 2 April 2012 8664:from the original on 31 July 2020 8652:Mulrine, Anna (16 October 2012). 6834:Pettinà, Vanni (26 August 2010). 4249:Cayo Piedra, except for cases of 3875:Castro with his son Ángel in 1954 3298:, which involved construction of 3140:) and economic decentralization ( 2269:banging his shoe against his desk 2225: 1878:entering Havana on 8 January 1959 1791:at Playa Las Coloradas, close to 1322:), founded by veteran politician 1262:-run Dolores School in Santiago. 23131:Recipients of the Order of Lenin 23041:Cuban people of Galician descent 23036:Cuban people of Canarian descent 22941: 22924: 22907: 22890: 22873: 22845: 22833: 22821: 21583:United States invasion of Panama 21433:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 21073:1971 Turkish military memorandum 21036:Communist insurgency in Thailand 21006:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 20938:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 20765:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 20693:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 20211:Restatement of Policy on Germany 19968:Human rights in the Soviet Union 18927:Emigration from the Eastern Bloc 18625: 18615: 18606: 18605: 17154: 17153: 16021: 15947:Fidel Castro: A Life in Pictures 15621:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. 14943: 14872: 14845: 14761: 14613: 14583: 14470: 14349: 14290: 14231: 14172: 14113: 14074: 14039: 14006: 13932:"Vida Secreta Del Tirano Castro" 13817: 13754: 13668: 13531: 13483:from the original on 10 May 2013 13465: 13352: 12846: 12763: 12732: 12650: 12379: 12151: 12088: 12039:. Al Jazeera. 26 November 2016. 11999: 11973: 11941: 11915: 11889: 11859: 11810: 11780: 11749: 11718: 11698: 11668: 11642: 11623: 11583:Weissert, Will (8 August 2010). 11576: 11546: 11490:Govan, Fiona (23 January 2009). 11483: 11421: 11391: 11361: 11284: 11254: 11228: 11174: 11143: 11117: 11052: 11010: 10990: 10925: 10868: 10838: 10808: 10778: 10746: 10713: 10610: 9955: 9929: 9917:from the original on 6 July 2021 9898: 9620: 9062: 8884: 8720: 8700: 8688: 8676: 8645: 8625: 8613: 8601: 8589: 8573: 8553: 8533: 8505: 8489: 8469: 8433: 8398: 8374: 8362: 8342: 8322: 8302: 8286: 8266: 8246: 8222: 8206: 8173: 8153: 8137: 8121: 8109: 8093: 8081: 8055: 8035: 8006: 7986: 7966: 7946: 7926: 7906: 7890: 7870: 7858: 7842: 7826: 7810: 7794: 7782: 7766: 7727: 7701: 7671: 7639: 7608: 7577: 7546: 7519: 7507: 7474: 7440: 7407: 7387: 7360: 7330: 7303: 7291: 7271: 7255: 7235: 7219: 7199: 7143: 7123: 7103: 7087: 7067: 7055: 7035: 7015: 6995: 6975: 6955: 6939: 6919: 6888: 6827: 6784: 6772: 6737: 6706: 6686: 6666: 6613: 6601: 6558: 6262:(in Spanish). 11 December 2001. 4315: 3936:Fidel Castro's religious beliefs 3756:", and publicly identified as a 2994:brink of losing into a victory. 2887:Political career of Fidel Castro 2793:had been elected as the head of 2594:assassination of John F. Kennedy 2465:Military Units to Aid Production 2384:In January 1961, Castro ordered 2069:Castro and Indonesian president 1989:Political career of Fidel Castro 1386:—backed by the army—and leftist 1355:In June 1947, Castro learned of 1334:Rebellion and Marxism: 1947–1950 1307:US intervention in the Caribbean 1162:transferred his responsibilities 1013:ideas while studying law at the 908: 885: 709: 560: 54:to read and navigate comfortably 39: 16:Leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 23151:Prisoners and detainees of Cuba 23046:Cuban people of Spanish descent 22303:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 21684:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 21613:Fall of the inner German border 21513:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 21163:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 21153:Spanish transition to democracy 21113:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 20740:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 20246:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 20127:Occupation of the Baltic states 19876:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 19806:Fall of the inner German border 18616: 17120:José Martí Pioneer Organization 15572:Sánchez, Juan Reinaldo (2015). 15119:My Life: A Spoken Autobiography 14244:Journal of Contemporary History 13287:Clarín.com (28 November 2016). 11682:. 19 April 2011. Archived from 11459:Franks, Jeff (12 August 2012). 11078:Castro, Fidel (22 March 2011). 9675:Vines, Alex (6 December 2016). 6546: 6526: 6506: 6494: 6482: 6466: 6446: 6434: 6414: 6398: 6378: 6358: 6342: 6322: 6302: 6278: 6245: 6225: 6209: 6189: 6173: 6157: 6137: 6117: 6074: 6054: 6034: 6014: 5994: 5974: 5958: 5938: 5918: 5902: 5859: 5843: 5831: 5811: 5799: 5787: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5731: 5711: 5691: 5675: 5659: 5635: 5619: 5603: 5556: 5528: 5508: 5488: 5476: 5460: 5444: 5428: 5416: 5400: 5388: 5364: 5352: 5336: 5324: 5226: 5210: 5198: 5186: 5162: 5146: 5122: 5106: 5090: 5078: 5058: 5034: 5010: 4990: 4970: 4950: 3966: 3836:The Double Life of Fidel Castro 3830:Religious views of Fidel Castro 3245:Special Period in Time of Peace 3087:Although despising Argentina's 3054:Castro speaking in Havana, 1978 3046:Reagan and Gorbachev: 1980–1991 2947:Jamahariya system of governance 2811:Order of Fidelity to the People 2568:and an honorary doctorate from 2236:United Nations General Assembly 1392:Organization of American States 1138:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1088:. Policies introducing central 585: 556: 56:. When this tag was added, its 23106:People of the Cuban Revolution 23086:Leaders who took power by coup 21083:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 20718:Mozambican War of Independence 20157:Indonesian National Revolution 19866:Dissolution of the Warsaw Pact 19005:Terrorism and the Soviet Union 15533:. Miami: Ediciones Universal. 15414:. Cambridge University Press. 15365:Hunt, Jim; Risch, Bob (2009). 15166:Castroism: Theory and Practice 14988: 14555:. TomPaine.com. Archived from 13368:. 10 July 1964. Archived from 12663:. Cambridge University Press. 11007:". Fox News. 23 December 2003. 10506:, pp. 276–281, 284, 287; 9728:, pp. 756–759, 769, 771; 7709:"1960 Dollars in 2016 Dollars" 4930: 4910: 4890: 4866: 4842: 4822: 4802: 4777: 4737: 4328:before playing a baseball game 4066:choice was a 7.62 Kalashnikov 3989:; he was usually addressed as 3947:, Castro accompanied him to a 3823: 3588:Castro with Mexican president 3507: 2949:, before attending talks with 2726:, in 1968 Castro proclaimed a 2111:Castro (first from the left), 1976: 1192: 1134:Cuban medical internationalism 1031:attack on the Moncada Barracks 1: 23061:Cuban prisoners and detainees 22681:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 21696:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 21649:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 21371:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 21336:Seven Days to the River Rhine 21068:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 20355:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 20283:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 19886:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 19485:Inter-regional Deputies Group 19470:National League for Democracy 14315:10.1080/13510347.2015.1095181 10601:Whittle & Rey Santos 2006 9974:Cuba, Annual Supplement, 1980 9972:, various editions; and EIU, 9760:, pp. 782–783, 798–802; 9601:, pp. 761–765, 776–781; 9258:, pp. 609–615, 662–676; 9069:Castro, Fidel (August 1968). 8658:The Christian Science Monitor 8546:, pp. 203–204, 410–412; 8259:, pp. 353–354, 365–366; 7915:, pp. 189–190, 198–199; 6371:, pp. 102–104, 114–116; 6335:, pp. 101–102, 108–114; 5179:, pp. 23–24, 37–38, 46; 4766: 4441:Natalia "Naty" Revuelta Clews 4382:, and the Colombian novelist 3764:Castro's government was also 2880: 2728:Great Revolutionary Offensive 2686:Castro and Russian cosmonaut 1720:. Antonio met with Castro in 1269:Castro, second from left, at 1049:by leading the Movement in a 990:; industry and business were 119: 28:Fidel Castro (disambiguation) 23081:Government ministers of Cuba 21674:Fall of communism in Albania 21644:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 21593:Polish Round Table Agreement 20933:1968 Polish political crisis 20750:Eritrean War of Independence 20516:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 20411:East German uprising of 1953 20343:Chinese Communist Revolution 20008: 19796:Alexanderplatz demonstration 19761:Polish Round Table Agreement 19435:People's Movement of Ukraine 17768:Cuban intervention in Angola 15912:Fidel Castro History Archive 15834:. Rowman & Littlefield. 15486:; Sanabria, Eduardo (2018). 15299:Geyer, Georgie Anne (1991). 14998:"The Castro-Chávez Alliance" 12102:. Reuters. 4 December 2016. 8809:, pp. 454–454, 479–480. 6650:. Chibas.org. Archived from 4771: 4747:, the first or paternal 4659:Algerian War of Independence 4114: 3961:Jesus and the rich young man 3955:was a communist, citing the 3845:minister of the armed forces 3538:Politburo Standing Committee 2977:broke out over the disputed 2898:Cuban intervention in Angola 2293:Fair Play for Cuba Committee 2279:, Bulgarian first secretary 1928:Provisional government: 1959 1156:'s Venezuela—and formed the 1077:—a defining incident of the 7: 23146:University of Havana alumni 21548:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 21276:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 21021:Corrective Movement (Syria) 20985:New People's Army rebellion 20980:Sino-Soviet border conflict 20708:Angolan War of Independence 20571:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 20451:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 20096:Jamaican political conflict 19841:January Events in Lithuania 19776:Hungarian Round Table Talks 19415:Democratic Party of Albania 17142:Updating the Economic Model 15784:Benjamin, Jules R. (1992). 15102:. New York: Vintage Books. 15029:Balfour, Sebastian (1995). 15002:Latin American Perspectives 14256:10.1177/0022009403038001969 12965:"A Conversation With Fidel" 10681:Márquez & Sanabria 2018 9937:"GDP (current US$ ) – Data" 9629:"Counting Castro's Victims" 4372:Manuel "Barbarroja" Pineiro 3883:, whose Spanish equivalent 3803:. Castro took a relatively 3717: 2935:Marxist–Leninist government 2659:'s socialist government in 2543:MRBMs from Turkey and Italy 2203:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 1833:Central Intelligence Agency 1059:remove him by assassination 271:Himself (as prime minister) 66:content into sub-articles, 10: 23182: 22991:20th-century Cuban lawyers 21744:Sino-Indian border dispute 21573:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 21503:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 21261:1976 Argentine coup d'état 21173:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 21123:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 20807:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 20775:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 20464:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 20231:Asian Relations Conference 19495:Hungarian Democratic Forum 19490:Alliance of Free Democrats 19480:Union of Democratic Forces 18077:Territorial Troops Militia 16756:José Ramón Machado Ventura 16580:Junius Richard Jayewardene 15849:Fabian, Escalante (1996). 15468:. New York: Random House. 15246:Family Portrait with Fidel 15057:. New York: Random House. 11715:". CNN News. 3 March 2011. 10846:"Castro finds new friends" 4657:, principal leader of the 4542: 4290:Alfa Romeo 1750s and 2000s 3827: 3721: 3674: 3637:North Korea crisis of 2013 3528:. On 21 April, Castro met 3519:delegated his presidential 3220: 3214: 3071:was elected US president. 3021:, Canadian prime minister 2895: 2884: 2863:a new constitution drafted 2789:, where Marxist President 2742:Late President of Algeria 2690:, the first human in space 2490: 2356: 2350: 1997: 1986: 1980: 1702:Agencia Latina de Noticias 1529: 1380:Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala 1200:Early life of Fidel Castro 1197: 904:Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz 797:Revolutionary Armed Forces 438:Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz 18: 22780: 22729: 22651: 22628:William Appleman Williams 22573:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 22355: 22327: 22276: 22208: 22201: 22135: 22000: 21925: 21855: 21848: 21757: 21704: 21636: 21349: 21088:Bangladesh Liberation War 21078:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 20993: 20965:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 20953:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 20616: 20391:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 20368: 20078: 20016: 19960: 19894: 19856:1991 protests in Belgrade 19736: 19661: 19570: 19512: 19503: 19385: 19247: 19194: 19091: 19023: 18960: 18882: 18679: 18601: 18536: 18438: 18429: 18240: 18231: 18150: 18141: 18107: 18091: 18049: 17933: 17929: 17920: 17868: 17859: 17801: 17788:Fidel's transfer of power 17740: 17689:Cuban War of Independence 17647: 17587: 17557: 17466: 17400: 17384: 17354: 17213: 17150: 17129: 17114:Federation of Cuban Women 17096: 17032: 16977: 16917: 16910: 16855: 16831: 16788: 16765: 16738: 16705: 16694: 16652: 16624: 16611: 16603: 16593: 16584: 16576: 16571: 16561: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16523: 16510: 16500: 16487: 16469: 16457: 16448: 16440: 16435: 16425: 16412: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16313: 16258: 16207: 16200: 16123: 16029: 15943:at FBI Records: The Vault 15917:Marxists Internet Archive 15650:10.1017/S0022216X00015868 15597:Fidel Castro: A Biography 15183:Evenson, Fredric (2010). 15162:Draper, Theodore (1965). 14197:10.1017/S0043887120000106 12772:"We'll always have Fidel" 12645:Castro & Ramonet 2009 12633:Castro & Ramonet 2009 12290:Castro & Ramonet 2009 12278:Castro & Ramonet 2009 12188:Castro & Ramonet 2009 10956:"US food arrives in Cuba" 10618:Living Planet Report 2006 10554:, pp. 278, 294–295; 9788:, pp. 754–755, 804; 9446:, pp. 281, 284–287; 9278:, pp. 685–701, 703; 8940:, pp. 255–256, 260; 8713:, pp. 443–434, 449; 8462:, pp. 395, 400–401; 7975:, pp. 202, 211–213; 7208:, pp. 163, 167–169; 6932:, pp. 203, 207–208; 6854:10.1080/14682741003686115 6820:, pp. 196, 202–207; 6594:, pp. 128, 134–136; 6331:, pp. 117–118, 124; 6297:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5726:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5592:, pp. 56–57, 62–63; 5571:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5503:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5395:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5319:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5205:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5157:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5141:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5053:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5029:Castro & Ramonet 2009 5005:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4999:, pp. 12–13, 16–19; 4965:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4945:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4925:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4905:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4885:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4861:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4817:Castro & Ramonet 2009 4603:—the former Chief of the 4136:of North Korea. Raúl and 3253:1991 coup in that country 3211:Special Period: 1992–2000 3201:National Opposition Union 3089:right-wing military junta 2835:Israel–Palestine conflict 2674:In 1966, Castro staged a 2547:Guantanamo Bay Naval Base 2379:, Castro biographer, 1986 2337:representative democratic 2264:racism faced by Americans 2034:'s journalist and future 1186:the exodus of many Cubans 897: 883: 832: 822: 810: 802: 792: 782: 777: 717: 705: 695: 678: 666: 639: 622: 607: 596: 533: 502: 491: 480: 461: 433: 428: 424: 412: 400: 389: 379: 367: 356: 350:Non-Aligned Movement 348:Secretary-General of the 345: 335: 323: 304: 293: 285: 275: 265: 255: 244: 236: 226: 214: 202: 191: 183: 171: 159: 151: 140: 133: 129: 111: 97: 23111:Political party founders 21403:1980 Turkish coup d'état 21238:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 21208:1978 Somali coup attempt 21168:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 21133:1973 Chilean coup d'état 20958:Revolutionary Government 20852:South African Border War 20644:1960 Turkish coup d'état 20561:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 20416:1953 Iranian coup d'état 20396:1952 Egyptian revolution 19846:January Events in Latvia 19836:Reunification of Germany 19821:1990s post-Soviet aliyah 19751:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest 19475:National Salvation Front 19460:Belarusian Popular Front 19450:Popular Front of Estonia 19219:Polish underground press 18980:List of socialist states 16473:Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado 16400:Party political offices 16389:Offices and distinctions 16179:Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart 15971:– extended biography by 15932:Fidel Castro (Character) 15882:: CS1 maint: location ( 15595:Skierka, Volker (2006). 15408:; Way, Lucan A. (2010). 15346:Guerra, Lillian (2012). 15242:Franqui, Carlos (1984). 15098:Brogan, Patrick (1989). 11794:. London. 5 April 2013. 11711:27 November 2016 at the 11080:"My Shoes Are Too Tight" 11003:26 November 2016 at the 10607:, pp. 489, 502–503. 9282:, pp. 233–236, 240. 8717:, pp. 199–200, 203. 7711:. Inflation Calculator. 7516:, pp. 262–269, 281. 7084:, pp. 126, 141–142. 6734:, pp. 129–130, 134. 6367:, pp. 122, 12–130; 4927:, pp. 45–48, 52–57. 4730: 4447:Alina Fernández Revuelta 4412:Castro's first wife was 4125:Palacio de la Revolution 3819:Personal and public life 3724:Politics of Fidel Castro 3687:Sancti Spíritus Province 3670: 3513:Stepping down: 2006–2008 3172:siege of Cuito Cuanavale 3121:US invasion of Nicaragua 3007:Anastasio Somoza Debayle 2877:and head of government. 2679:revolutionary movement. 2117:William Alexander Morgan 2085:said Cuba "ruined" him. 2000:Agrarian reforms in Cuba 1937:in the penthouse of the 1763:Guerrilla war: 1956–1959 1271:Colegio de Belén, Havana 975:, he also served as the 316:Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado 221:Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado 23116:Politicide perpetrators 21608:Fall of the Berlin Wall 21553:People Power Revolution 21538:Central American crisis 21478:1986 Black Sea incident 21128:1973 Afghan coup d'état 21026:Western Sahara conflict 20837:1966 Syrian coup d'état 20760:1963 Syrian coup d'état 20703:Portuguese Colonial War 20666:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 20431:1954 Syrian coup d'état 20308:Annexation of Hyderabad 20251:1947–1949 Palestine war 19922:Economic liberalization 19861:1991 Belarusian strikes 19801:Fall of the Berlin Wall 19455:Public Against Violence 19445:Popular Front of Latvia 19224:Political demonstration 19073:Chinese economic reform 18985:People Power Revolution 17455:Prime ministers of Cuba 16687:Communist Party of Cuba 16358:Relationship with dairy 16248:638 Ways to Kill Castro 16216:Fidel: The Untold Story 16115:Death and state funeral 16058:History Will Absolve Me 15907:Fidel Castro's speeches 15280:George, Edward (2004). 13540:"Fidel Castro's Family" 13261:(in European Spanish). 11635:23 October 2018 at the 9633:The Wall Street Journal 8900:, 27 April 1964, p. 23. 4835:19 October 2006 at the 3910:For Whom the Bell Tolls 3712:Santa Ifigenia Cemetery 3665:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 3534:Chinese Communist Party 3373:Human Development Index 3167:José Eduardo dos Santos 2657:Alphonse Massamba-Débat 2570:Moscow State University 2513:Militarily weaker than 2501:Revolutionary Offensive 2187:explosion, 4 March 1960 2146:At the time, 1960, the 2137:counter-revolutionaries 1718:José Antonio Echeverría 1660:History Will Absolve Me 1609:History Will Absolve Me 1559:Popular Socialist Party 1555:revolutionary socialist 1543:clandestine cell system 981:Communist Party of Cuba 948:Latin American Spanish: 485:Santa Ifigenia Cemetery 23101:People of the Cold War 21902:Neoclassical economics 21413:Gulf of Sidra incident 20970:1969 Libyan revolution 20661:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 20446:1954 Geneva Conference 20206:Turkish straits crisis 20201:Corfu Channel incident 19056:New political thinking 18197:International rankings 18034:Prime Minister of Cuba 18029:Vice President of Cuba 17227:US occupation, 1906–09 17104:Young Communist League 16813:Ideological Department 16767:Decision-making bodies 16451:Prime Minister of Cuba 16321:Assassination attempts 16191:Alejandro Castro Espín 16161:Natalia Revuelta Clews 16096:Intervention in Angola 15673:Tareke, Gebru (2009). 15117:Castro, Fidel (2009). 5569:, pp. 46, 53–55; 5171:, pp. 35–36, 54; 5115:, pp. 34–37, 63; 4662: 4562: 4535: 4384:Gabriel García Márquez 4329: 4253:gifted initially from 4227:Osa-class missile boat 4179:Rancho la Tranquilidad 4061: 4037: 3982: 3977: 3876: 3741: 3690: 3593: 3459: 3412: 3311: 3240: 3162: 3055: 3011:Center for a Free Cuba 2965: 2951:the Marxist government 2771: 2747: 2722:Influenced by China's 2691: 2655:. He also allied with 2604: 2510: 2417: 2372: 2315: 2239: 2188: 2127: 2074: 2047: 2010:Prime Minister of Cuba 1952: 1879: 1822: 1780: 1680:presidential elections 1675: 1581: 1489: 1483:US Army Chief of Staff 1412: 1347: 1274: 1229:, in the northwest of 1132:from 1979 to 1983 and 963:from 1959 to 1976 and 961:prime minister of Cuba 875:US invasion of Grenada 815: 767: 760: 753: 746: 739: 732: 725: 646:5 brothers, including 601:Natalia Revuelta Clews 288:Prime Minister of Cuba 100: 26:. For other uses, see 23051:Cuban revolutionaries 23026:Cuban Marxist writers 22996:21st-century atheists 22986:20th-century atheists 22752:Russia–NATO relations 22633:Jonathan Reed Winkler 21917:Democratic capitalism 21912:Supply-side economics 21880:American conservatism 21679:Breakup of Yugoslavia 21568:Bougainville conflict 21483:South Yemen civil war 21418:Martial law in Poland 21281:Nicaraguan Revolution 21256:Dirty War (Argentina) 21063:1971 JVP insurrection 20877:Years of Lead (Italy) 20755:North Yemen civil war 20673:Berlin Crisis of 1961 20649:Albanian–Soviet split 20581:1959 Tibetan uprising 20546:Syrian Crisis of 1957 20401:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 20261:1948 Arab–Israeli War 19927:Post-Soviet conflicts 19881:Tajikistani Civil War 19831:Revolution on Granite 19791:Monday Demonstrations 19317:Sanjaasürengiin Zorig 19151:Mengistu Haile Mariam 18917:Eastern Bloc politics 16618:Incapacitated in 2006 16597:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 16555:Incapacitated in 2006 16530:Incapacitated in 2006 16494:Incapacitated in 2006 16419:Incapacitated in 2006 16283:Fidel Castro Handbook 16275:The Real Fidel Castro 16052:26th of July Movement 15828:Roman, Peter (2003). 15805:Bohning, Don (2005). 15599:. Cambridge: Polity. 15529:Ros, Enrique (2006). 15284:. London: Routledge. 15170:. New York: Praeger. 15143:The Real Fidel Castro 11957:. 20 September 2016. 10762:. 30 September 2004. 8890:"Cuba Once More", by 8391:, pp. 387, 396; 8166:, pp. 345, 649; 7851:, pp. 181, 197; 7132:, pp. 166, 170; 7116:, pp. 217, 222; 7076:, pp. 153, 161; 6608:Hunt & Risch 2009 5756:, pp. 69–70, 73. 4789:5 August 2020 at the 4667:Amnesty International 4652: 4557: 4531: 4380:Antonio Núñez Jiménez 4323: 4294:Mercedes-Benz 560 SEL 4207:La Caleta del Rosario 4183:Hacienda San Cayetano 4035: 3974: 3874: 3805:socially conservative 3731: 3714:in Santiago de Cuba. 3684: 3644:Confucius Peace Prize 3587: 3486:2003 invasion of Iraq 3457: 3402: 3306: 3234: 3223:Dollarization of Cuba 3221:Further information: 3156: 3099:that seized power in 3053: 2987:Mengistu Haile Mariam 2960: 2885:Further information: 2795:a left-wing coalition 2765: 2741: 2685: 2599: 2508: 2438:democratic centralism 2408: 2367: 2309: 2287:, and Indian premier 2283:, Egyptian president 2233: 2183: 2110: 2079:racial discrimination 2068: 2060:First Agrarian Reform 2030: 1987:Further information: 1948: 1873: 1817: 1770: 1698:Ernesto "Che" Guevara 1673: 1632:26th of July Movement 1579: 1476: 1404: 1338: 1328:1948 general election 1268: 1193:Early life and career 1043:Ernesto "Che" Guevara 1035:26th of July Movement 1029:, launching a failed 827:26th of July Movement 803:Years of service 656:7 sisters, including 374:Abdullah Ahmad Badawi 22173:Non-Aligned Movement 21795:Peaceful coexistence 21749:North Borneo dispute 21664:German reunification 21659:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 21357:Salvadoran Civil War 21306:Grand Mosque seizure 21301:Yemenite War of 1979 21193:Mozambican Civil War 21148:Carnation Revolution 21103:Yemenite War of 1972 21041:1970 Polish protests 20872:1967 Hong Kong riots 20847:Argentine Revolution 20797:Guatemalan Civil War 20725:Cuban Missile Crisis 20639:Bay of Pigs Invasion 20511:1956 Poznań protests 20489:Geneva Summit (1955) 20091:Hukbalahap Rebellion 20070:Non-Aligned Movement 19337:Vytautas Landsbergis 19332:Viacheslav Chornovil 19161:Denis Sassou Nguesso 18400:Association Football 18385:Scouting and Guiding 18177:Dual economy of Cuba 17948:Council of Ministers 17908:World Heritage Sites 17763:Cuban Missile Crisis 17758:Bay of Pigs Invasion 17702:Spanish–American War 17561:Council of Ministers 16798:Agri-food Department 16607:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 16131:Ángel Castro y Argiz 16086:Cuban Missile Crisis 16081:Bay of Pigs Invasion 15941:Fidel Castro Records 15693:Von Tunzelmann, Alex 15441:Mallin, Jay (1994). 14996:Azicri, Max (2009). 14957:. 6 September 1998. 14801:. 18 February 2008. 14597:. 26 November 2016. 14458:on 20 September 2012 13479:. 26 December 1995. 13477:The Spokesman Review 13372:on 30 September 2007 12803:, pp. 312, 688. 12352:, pp. 607, 609. 12135:. 26 November 2016. 12013:. 26 November 2016. 11843:. 11 December 2014. 11737:on 22 September 2023 11612:27 June 2017 at the 11405:. 24 February 2008. 11375:. 19 February 2008. 11322:. 18 February 2008. 10962:. 16 December 2001. 10939:. 17 November 2001. 10570:, pp. 309–311; 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6622:, pp. 145, 148. 6590:, pp. 142–143; 6475:, pp. 125–126; 6459:, pp. 122–125; 6455:, pp. 135–136; 6427:, pp. 119–126; 6423:, pp. 134–135; 6387:, pp. 132–133; 6315:, pp. 105–106; 6295:, pp. 102–103; 6287:, pp. 115–117; 6198:, pp. 109–111; 6182:, pp. 106–107; 6126:, pp. 103–105; 6106:, pp. 102–103; 4830:Fidel Castro (1926–) 4597:cultural imperialism 4588:authoritarian regime 4545:Human rights in Cuba 4539:Reception and legacy 4533:Castro's family tree 3957:feeding of the 5,000 3477:September 11 attacks 3395:Pink tide: 2000–2006 3369:ecological footprint 3341:prostitution in Cuba 3265:multiparty democracy 3227:Dual economy of Cuba 2943:Mozambican Civil War 2871:Council of Ministers 2826:Non-Aligned Movement 2787:Castro visited Chile 2770:in Berlin, June 1972 2535:Cuban Missile Crisis 2493:Cuban Missile Crisis 2391:Bay of Pigs Invasion 2353:Bay of Pigs Invasion 2160:First Deputy Premier 2018:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1909:US$ 300 million 1851:, a journalist from 1664:solitary confinement 1520:Unitary Action Party 1431:Carlos Prío Socarrás 1363:, a US ally, in the 1357:a planned expedition 1287:University of Havana 1219:Spanish–American War 1215:Ángel Castro y Argiz 1130:Non-Aligned Movement 1075:Cuban Missile Crisis 1067:Bay of Pigs Invasion 1015:University of Havana 860:Machurucuto incident 855:Cuban Missile Crisis 850:Bay of Pigs Invasion 673:University of Havana 630:Ángel Castro y Argiz 574:Dalia Soto del Valle 559: 1948; 419:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 23066:Fidel Castro family 22618:Alex von Tunzelmann 22608:Vladimir Tismăneanu 22533:Thomas J. McCormick 22528:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 22428:Robert Hugh Ferrell 22291:Crusade for Freedom 22088:Illiberal democracy 21972:Ho Chi Minh Thought 21775:Eisenhower Doctrine 21628:Peaceful Revolution 21623:Romanian Revolution 21603:Revolutions of 1989 21588:1988 Polish strikes 21498:Operation INFEKTION 21493:1987 Lieyu massacre 21398:Eritrean Civil Wars 21381:Peruvian Revolution 21331:1979 Herat uprising 21321:Sino-Vietnamese War 21286:Uganda–Tanzania War 21266:Egyptian–Libyan War 21233:Third Indochina War 21228:Sino-Albanian split 21218:Ethiopian Civil War 21118:Eritrean Civil Wars 21058:Ping-pong diplomacy 21031:Cambodian Civil War 20857:Korean DMZ Conflict 20842:Cultural Revolution 20812:Dominican Civil War 20790:Tlatelolco massacre 20576:1959 Mosul uprising 20566:1958 Lebanon crisis 20293:Al-Wathbah uprising 20216:First Indochina War 20186:Iran crisis of 1946 19781:Pan-European Picnic 19756:1988 Polish strikes 19136:Wojciech Jaruzelski 18876:Revolutions of 1989 17753:Escambray rebellion 16911:Leadership sittings 16803:Economic Department 15327:Cuba: A New History 15051:Bardach, Ann Louise 14886:. 5 December 2016. 14138:10.1057/jird.2014.9 14055:The Daily Telegraph 13728:The Daily Telegraph 13682:. 2 February 2018. 13393:, pp. 200–201. 12945:, pp. 10, 255. 12815:, pp. 352–353. 12555:Von Tunzelmann 2011 12280:, pp. 101–102. 12214:, pp. 177–178. 12165:. 4 December 2016. 11841:Chian Digital Times 11824:on 28 December 2014 11589:The Washington Post 11530:. 23 January 2009. 11498:The Daily Telegraph 10710:, pp. 213–215. 10574:, pp. 306–310. 10510:, pp. 291–294. 10494:, pp. 291–292. 10482:, pp. 273–274. 10466:, pp. 298–299. 10434:, pp. 272–273. 10418:, pp. 305–306. 10406:, pp. 290–291. 10394:, pp. 274–275. 10362:, pp. 274–275. 10334:, pp. 287–289. 10310:, pp. 270–271. 10242:, pp. 279–286. 10202:, pp. 276–279. 10162:, pp. 237–239. 10150:, pp. 234–235. 10032:, pp. 254–255. 10008:, pp. 253–254. 9859:, pp. 251–252. 9839:, pp. 250–251. 9744:, pp. 793–794. 9732:, pp. 247–248. 9712:, pp. 244–245. 9534:, pp. 766–767. 9510:, pp. 243–244. 9454:, pp. 242–243. 9434:, pp. 240–241. 9378:, pp. 721–723. 9366:, pp. 745–746. 9350:, pp. 239–240. 9298:, pp. 237–238. 9262:, pp. 232–233. 9218:, pp. 682–684. 9126:, pp. 644–645. 9059:, pp. 216–217. 9039:, pp. 588–590. 9023:, pp. 559–560. 8948:, pp. 211–212. 8865:, pp. 484–486. 8853:, pp. 488–489. 8837:, pp. 250–251. 8797:, pp. 435–434. 8753:, pp. 204–205. 8733:, pp. 444–445. 8697:, pp. 198–199. 8642:, pp. 196–197. 8598:, pp. 192–194. 8586:, pp. 191–192. 8530:, pp. 188–189. 8411:, pp. 385–386. 8371:, pp. 185–186. 8359:, pp. 180–184. 8339:, pp. 180–184. 8283:, pp. 178–179. 8052:, pp. 174–176. 7983:, pp. 172–173. 7923:, pp. 170–172. 7887:, pp. 159–201. 7867:, pp. 176–177. 7839:, pp. 165–166. 7763:, pp. 275–276. 7421:The Washington Post 7288:, pp. 155–157. 7232:, pp. 225–226. 7216:, pp. 147–149. 7120:, pp. 150–154. 7052:, pp. 140–141. 7032:, pp. 138–139. 7012:, pp. 137–138. 6824:, pp. 136–137. 6769:, pp. 131–133. 6750:, pp. 130–131. 6703:, pp. 127–128. 6598:, pp. 121–122. 6523:, pp. 118–119. 6503:, pp. 116–117. 6479:, pp. 114–117. 6463:, pp. 114–115. 6395:, pp. 110–112. 6351:, pp. 111–124; 6339:, pp. 105–110. 6319:, pp. 104–105. 6299:, pp. 172–173. 6186:, pp. 100–101. 6063:, pp. 98–100; 5684:, pp. 41, 45; 5670:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5654:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5575:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5383:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5345:, pp. 54, 56; 5221:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5181:Von Tunzelmann 2011 5175:, pp. 25, 27; 5047:, pp. 20, 22; 4698:Jean-Claude Juncker 4694:European Commission 4580:The Daily Telegraph 4280:from Khrushchev, a 4015:cult of personality 3901:William Shakespeare 3881:Alexander the Great 3861:Alex von Tunzelmann 3813:homosexual activity 3445:Antigua and Barbuda 3441:Caribbean Community 3426:Henry Reeve Brigade 3249:subsistence farming 3113:invading the island 3025:, and US president 2624:national liberation 2497:Great Debate (Cuba) 2431:US$ 25 million 2386:Havana's US Embassy 2215:an economic embargo 2141:Escambray Rebellion 2046:in late April 1959. 2004:La Coubre explosion 1939:Havana Hilton Hotel 1934:Manuel Urrutia Lleó 1913:Presidential Palace 1279:El Colegio de Belén 1221:, was a migrant to 1217:, a veteran of the 1182:human rights abuses 1037:, with his brother 845:Escambray rebellion 312:Manuel Urrutia Lleó 58:readable prose size 23121:Presidents of Cuba 23096:People from Mayarí 23031:Cuban nationalists 22772:Russian Revolution 22568:Mary Elise Sarotte 22553:William B. Pickett 22478:Patrick J. Hearden 22458:Gabriel Gorodetsky 22453:Timothy Garton Ash 22438:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 22033:Ethnic nationalism 21785:Hallstein Doctrine 21669:Yemeni unification 21458:1985 Geneva Summit 21423:Casamance conflict 21326:New Jewel Movement 21311:Iranian Revolution 21296:Chadian–Libyan War 21243:Cambodian conflict 21223:Lebanese Civil War 21213:Western Sahara War 21188:June 1976 protests 21183:Cambodian genocide 20948:17 July Revolution 20902:Nigerian Civil War 20817:Rhodesian Bush War 20802:Colombian conflict 20745:Ramadan Revolution 20484:Bandung Conference 20360:Operation Valuable 20241:Partition of India 19141:Slobodan Milošević 19010:Vatican Opposition 18202:Telecommunications 18067:Revolutionary Navy 18062:Revolutionary Army 17943:Corruption in Cuba 17669:Colonial governors 17499:López del Castillo 17202:Presidents of Cuba 17097:Wider organization 17044:Provisional (1965) 16989:Provisional (1965) 16929:Provisional (1965) 16741:Second Secretaries 16436:Political offices 16408:Blas Roca Calderio 16333:Awards and honours 16108:Transfer of duties 15225:St. Martin's Press 15137:Coltman, Leycester 14799:Human Rights Watch 14559:on 11 October 2007 13836:on 11 October 2007 13192:Al Jazeera English 12961:Shanken, Marvin R. 12897:, p. 303–304. 12860:. 11 August 2006. 12393:. 31 August 2010. 11954:The Indian Express 11618:The New York Times 11066:on 19 January 2014 10882:on 18 January 2012 10852:. 25 August 1998. 10822:. 21 August 1998. 9966:La Economia Cubana 9911:The New York Times 8187:The New York Times 8065:. United Nations. 7168:, pp. 63–64; 6654:on 17 January 2013 6291:, pp. 96–98; 6150:, pp. 83–85; 6134:, pp. 99–100. 6130:, pp. 80–82; 6110:, pp. 76–79; 6087:, pp. 67–71; 6083:, pp. 97–98; 6047:, pp. 63–65; 6043:, pp. 95–96; 6023:, pp. 94–95; 6007:, pp. 58–60; 5951:, pp. 57–59; 5947:, pp. 91–92; 5895:, pp. 55–56; 5891:, pp. 87–88; 5824:, pp. 52–55; 5820:, pp. 80–84; 5784:, pp. 71, 74. 5704:, pp. 50–52; 5700:, pp. 68–69; 5652:, pp. 57–62; 5648:, pp. 37–39; 5644:, pp. 64–65; 5612:, pp. 33–34; 5573:, pp. 85–87; 5565:, pp. 58–59; 5517:, pp. 57–58; 5409:, pp. 54–55; 5381:, pp. 47–48; 5317:, pp. 40–45; 5313:, pp. 25–26; 5309:, pp. 46–52; 5255:, pp. 41–42; 5235:, pp. 40–41; 5155:, pp. 27–28; 5139:, pp. 23–27; 5135:, pp. 28–29; 5131:, pp. 39–40; 5099:, pp. 32–33; 5067:, pp. 34–35; 5051:, pp. 16–17; 4979:, pp. 14–15; 4939:, pp. 29–30; 4899:, pp. 16–17; 4875:, pp. 14–15; 4851:, pp. 14–15; 4725:Order of Good Hope 4680:Giuseppe Garibaldi 4672:Human Rights Watch 4663: 4609:Western Hemisphere 4536: 4502:Orthopedic surgeon 4330: 4062:Comandante El Jefe 4038: 3987:Comandante En Jefe 3983: 3887:he adopted as his 3877: 3742: 3691: 3594: 3590:Enrique Peña Nieto 3579:Cristina Fernández 3472:Hurricane Michelle 3460: 3413: 3377:anti-globalization 3296:Pan American Games 3241: 3189:Tony de la Guardia 3163: 3097:New Jewel Movement 3056: 2873:, making him both 2785:In November 1971, 2772: 2748: 2724:Great Leap Forward 2692: 2602:Communist utopia. 2586:into a new daily, 2511: 2418: 2316: 2312:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2285:Gamal Abdel Nasser 2240: 2189: 2128: 2102:standard of living 2075: 2048: 1880: 1854:The New York Times 1823: 1781: 1716:(DRE), founded by 1676: 1595:summary executions 1582: 1490: 1365:Dominican Republic 1275: 1160:. In 2006, Castro 1146:anti-globalization 1086:Western Hemisphere 1019:Dominican Republic 816:Comandante en Jefe 487:, Santiago de Cuba 166:Blas Roca Calderio 23011:Anti-imperialists 22809: 22808: 22803: 22802: 22790:List of conflicts 22638:Rudolph Winnacker 22583:Giles Scott-Smith 22558:Ronald E. Powaski 22513:Melvyn P. Leffler 22443:John Lewis Gaddis 22418:Robert D. English 22383:Warren H. Carroll 22373:Michael Beschloss 22342:Nuclear arms race 22323: 22322: 22229:Neues Deutschland 22131: 22130: 22113:White nationalism 22083:Liberal democracy 21820:Ulbricht Doctrine 21810:Brezhnev Doctrine 21618:Velvet Revolution 21362:Soviet–Afghan War 21178:Angolan Civil War 20975:Goulash Communism 20832:ASEAN Declaration 20785:Mexican Dirty War 20683:Annexation of Goa 20634:1960 U-2 incident 20608:Sino-Soviet split 20586:Laotian Civil War 20426:Bricker Amendment 20406:Mau Mau rebellion 20350:Malayan Emergency 20338:Chinese Civil War 20298:Tito–Stalin split 20152:Division of Korea 19976: 19975: 19902:Colour revolution 19732: 19731: 19699:Congo-Brazzaville 19420:Democratic Russia 19377:Pope John Paul II 19372:George H. W. Bush 19322:Vladimir Bukovsky 19111:Mikhail Gorbachev 19106:Nicolae Ceaușescu 18892:Era of Stagnation 18842: 18841: 18639: 18638: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18425: 18424: 18227: 18226: 18137: 18136: 18133: 18132: 18017:President of Cuba 17995:Political parties 17978:Human trafficking 17963:Foreign relations 17916: 17915: 17855: 17854: 17809:History of Havana 17603: 17602: 17558:Presidents of the 17421: 17420: 17355:Presidents of the 17264:Pentarchy of 1933 17168: 17167: 17092: 17091: 17035:Central Committee 16851: 16850: 16729:Miguel Díaz-Canel 16708:First Secretaries 16697:Central Committee 16639: 16638: 16634: 16633: 16625:Succeeded by 16619: 16594:Succeeded by 16572:Diplomatic posts 16562:Succeeded by 16556: 16539:Military offices 16531: 16521: 16518:as Prime Minister 16501:Succeeded by 16495: 16485: 16481:President of Cuba 16464: 16458:Succeeded by 16444:José Miró Cardona 16426:Succeeded by 16420: 16381: 16380: 16309: 16308: 16240:Looking for Fidel 16155:Mirta Díaz-Balart 15862:978-1-875284-90-0 15820:978-1-57488-676-4 15797:978-0-691-02536-0 15768:978-0-87332-705-3 15744:on 19 August 2016 15710:978-0-8050-9067-3 15628:978-0-230-62305-7 15606:978-0-7456-4081-5 15564:978-0-00-638845-6 15557:. HarperCollins. 15540:978-1-59388-079-8 15521:978-0-393-03485-1 15497:978-1-7328777-1-9 15484:Márquez, Laureano 15475:978-0-679-45666-7 15452:978-1-56000-156-0 15421:978-1-139-49148-8 15376:978-1-4500-0779-5 15357:978-1-4696-1886-9 15338:978-0-300-10411-0 15312:978-0-316-30893-9 15257:978-0-394-72620-5 15234:978-0-312-24293-0 15154:978-0-300-10760-9 15128:978-1-4165-6233-7 15090:978-0-396-08518-8 15064:978-0-307-42542-3 14553:"Castro's Legacy" 14369:978-1-139-49148-8 14094:978-1-139-56107-5 13930:Duarte, Roberto. 12973:. New York City. 12635:, pp. 40–41. 12328:, pp. 48–49. 11349:on 3 January 2009 11188:. 21 April 2007. 11024:. 20 April 1998. 10734:on 1 October 2007 10630:on 21 August 2018 9585:, pp. 31–34. 9466:, pp. 77–79. 7685:. 18 April 2014. 7655:. 29 March 2015. 6114:, pp. 97–99. 6091:, pp. 95–96. 6071:, pp. 94–95. 6051:, pp. 93–94. 6011:, pp. 91–92. 5971:, pp. 88–89. 5828:, pp. 80–81. 5796:, pp. 75–76. 5744:, pp. 66–67. 5632:, pp. 55–56. 5600:, pp. 55–56. 5541:, pp. 52–53. 5525:, pp. 51–52. 5349:, pp. 46–49. 5321:, pp. 98–99. 5294:, pp. 36–37. 5279:, pp. 34–35. 5263:, pp. 32–34. 5223:, pp. 30–33. 5159:, pp. 95–97. 5143:, pp. 83–85. 5119:, pp. 21–24. 5103:, pp. 18–19. 5055:, pp. 91–93. 5043:, pp. 9–10; 5031:, pp. 91–92. 4967:, pp. 64–67. 4947:, pp. 59–60. 4907:, pp. 31–32. 4887:, pp. 24–29. 4863:, pp. 24–29. 4819:, pp. 23–24. 4706:general secretary 4414:Mirta Díaz-Balart 4326:Camilo Cienfuegos 4255:Houari Boumediene 4251:Algerian Red Wine 4203:Osmany Cienfuegos 4191:Casa Guardalavaca 4101:Houari Boumédiène 4057:Charles de Gaulle 3959:and the story of 3852:Leycester Coltman 3770:Sebastian Balfour 3632:Pope Benedict XVI 3630:. In March 2012, 3605:nuclear holocaust 3407:, a significant " 3385:against apartheid 3353:Pope John Paul II 3345:Roman Catholicism 3326:economics reforms 3277:Margaret Thatcher 3132:Mikhail Gorbachev 3036:attacking Vietnam 2916:Angolan Civil War 2799:led a coup d'état 2744:Houari Boumediene 2661:Congo-Brazzaville 2578:, he amalgamated 2454:Sino-Soviet split 2450:Lenin Peace Prize 2277:Władysław Gomułka 2260:Nikita Khrushchev 2246:. Staying at the 2199:¡Patria o Muerte! 2152:liberal democracy 2036:Premier of Quebec 1971:José Miró Cardona 1967:Rómulo Betancourt 1915:, proclaimed the 1876:Camilo Cienfuegos 1857:. Reporters from 1801:Camilo Cienfuegos 1787:ran aground in a 1710:guerrilla warfare 1516:Fulgencio Batista 1479:Fulgencio Batista 1429:s new candidate, 1423:Partido Auténtico 1399:Mirta Díaz Balart 1178:American hegemony 1170:National Assembly 1126:Angolan Civil War 1090:economic planning 1027:Fulgencio Batista 901: 900: 865:Angolan Civil War 545:Mirta Díaz-Balart 407:J. R. Jayewardene 346:7th and 23rd 330:José Miró Cardona 93: 92: 60:was 18,000 words. 23173: 23021:Cuban guerrillas 23006:Anti-capitalists 23001:Anti-Americanism 22954: 22946: 22945: 22944: 22937: 22929: 22928: 22927: 22920: 22912: 22911: 22910: 22903: 22895: 22894: 22893: 22886: 22878: 22877: 22876: 22866: 22850: 22849: 22848: 22838: 22837: 22836: 22826: 22825: 22824: 22817: 22548:David S. Painter 22473:John Earl Haynes 22403:Nicholas J. Cull 22388:Adrian Cioroianu 22368:Thomas A. Bailey 22315:Voice of America 22206: 22205: 22118:White separatism 22098:Social democracy 22093:Guided democracy 22073:Authoritarianism 22023:Ultranationalism 22013:Anti-imperialism 21940:Marxism–Leninism 21853: 21852: 21840:Kinmen Agreement 21805:Johnson Doctrine 21790:Kennedy Doctrine 21706:Frozen conflicts 21689:1991 August Coup 21578:Afghan Civil War 21473:Reykjavík Summit 21468:Somali Rebellion 21408:Ugandan Bush War 21386:Gdańsk Agreement 20907:Protests of 1968 20887:War of Attrition 20596:Cuban Revolution 20532:We will bury you 20499:Cyprus Emergency 20479:Kashmir Princess 20469:Jebel Akhdar War 20318:Western betrayal 20003: 19996: 19989: 19980: 19979: 19851:Transnistria War 19510: 19509: 19352:Aung San Suu Kyi 19267:Alexander Dubček 19204:Civil resistance 19061:Sinatra Doctrine 19041:Demokratizatsiya 18942:Shortage economy 18869: 18862: 18855: 18846: 18845: 18666: 18659: 18652: 18643: 18642: 18629: 18628: 18619: 18618: 18609: 18608: 18559:Baseball players 18436: 18435: 18242: 18241: 18238: 18237: 18190:Convertible peso 18185: 18148: 18147: 17953:Council of State 17931: 17930: 17927: 17926: 17866: 17865: 17845:Santiago de Cuba 17654: 17653: 17630: 17623: 17616: 17607: 17606: 17474:Saladrigas Zayas 17448: 17441: 17434: 17425: 17424: 17358:Council of State 17280:Márquez Sterling 17195: 17188: 17181: 17172: 17171: 17161: 17157: 17156: 17036: 16981: 16921: 16915: 16914: 16859: 16834: 16791: 16768: 16742: 16709: 16703: 16702: 16698: 16688: 16679: 16672: 16665: 16656: 16655: 16643: 16642: 16617: 16604:Preceded by 16577:Preceded by 16554: 16529: 16515: 16511:Preceded by 16493: 16476: 16470:Preceded by 16462: 16441:Preceded by 16418: 16405:Preceded by 16397: 16396: 16385: 16384: 16343:Eponymous things 16205: 16204: 16137:Ramón Castro Ruz 16091:Machurucuto raid 16042:Cuban Revolution 16016: 16009: 16002: 15993: 15992: 15979: 15887: 15881: 15873: 15871: 15869: 15845: 15824: 15812: 15801: 15772: 15753: 15751: 15749: 15743: 15737:. Archived from 15724: 15714: 15702: 15688: 15669: 15632: 15610: 15591: 15568: 15549:Sampson, Anthony 15544: 15525: 15506:Quirk, Robert E. 15501: 15479: 15467: 15456: 15437: 15435: 15433: 15406:Levitsky, Steven 15401: 15380: 15361: 15342: 15330: 15316: 15295: 15276: 15261: 15249: 15238: 15217:Fernández, Alina 15212: 15210: 15208: 15179: 15169: 15158: 15146: 15132: 15113: 15094: 15082: 15073:Bourne, Peter G. 15068: 15046: 15025: 15023: 15021: 14983: 14977: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14966: 14947: 14941: 14935: 14929: 14928: 14926: 14924: 14909: 14900: 14899: 14897: 14895: 14876: 14870: 14869: 14867: 14865: 14849: 14843: 14837: 14831: 14821: 14815: 14814: 14812: 14810: 14791: 14785: 14784: 14782: 14780: 14765: 14759: 14753: 14744: 14738: 14732: 14726: 14720: 14714: 14708: 14702: 14696: 14690: 14684: 14678: 14672: 14666: 14660: 14650: 14644: 14643: 14641: 14639: 14617: 14611: 14610: 14608: 14606: 14587: 14581: 14575: 14569: 14568: 14566: 14564: 14548: 14542: 14536: 14530: 14524: 14518: 14512: 14506: 14500: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14489: 14474: 14468: 14467: 14465: 14463: 14454:. Archived from 14447: 14441: 14440: 14434: 14430: 14428: 14420: 14418: 14416: 14401: 14392: 14386: 14385: 14383: 14381: 14353: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14294: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14226: 14224: 14176: 14170: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14117: 14111: 14110: 14108: 14106: 14078: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14067: 14051: 14043: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14032: 14010: 14004: 13998: 13992: 13986: 13977: 13971: 13962: 13957: 13951: 13943: 13941: 13939: 13927: 13921: 13915: 13909: 13903: 13897: 13891: 13882: 13876: 13870: 13864: 13858: 13852: 13846: 13845: 13843: 13841: 13832:. Archived from 13821: 13815: 13809: 13803: 13797: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13758: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13747: 13725: 13717: 13708: 13702: 13696: 13695: 13693: 13691: 13672: 13666: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13641: 13632: 13626: 13620: 13614: 13608: 13602: 13596: 13590: 13584: 13578: 13572: 13566: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13555: 13544:The Miami Herald 13535: 13529: 13523: 13517: 13511: 13505: 13499: 13493: 13492: 13490: 13488: 13469: 13463: 13457: 13448: 13442: 13436: 13430: 13421: 13415: 13406: 13400: 13394: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13377: 13356: 13350: 13344: 13338: 13332: 13326: 13320: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13284: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13270: 13251: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13217: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13203: 13184: 13175: 13169: 13163: 13157: 13148: 13142: 13136: 13130: 13124: 13118: 13112: 13106: 13100: 13094: 13088: 13082: 13076: 13070: 13064: 13058: 13052: 13046: 13040: 13034: 13028: 13022: 13016: 13010: 12999: 12993: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12970:Cigar Aficionado 12957: 12946: 12940: 12934: 12928: 12922: 12916: 12910: 12904: 12898: 12892: 12886: 12880: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12869: 12850: 12844: 12834: 12828: 12822: 12816: 12810: 12804: 12798: 12792: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12776:Pacific Standard 12767: 12761: 12760: 12758: 12756: 12736: 12730: 12720: 12714: 12708: 12699: 12693: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12654: 12648: 12642: 12636: 12630: 12624: 12618: 12609: 12603: 12597: 12591: 12585: 12579: 12570: 12564: 12558: 12552: 12546: 12540: 12534: 12528: 12522: 12516: 12510: 12504: 12498: 12492: 12486: 12480: 12474: 12468: 12462: 12456: 12450: 12444: 12438: 12432: 12426: 12420: 12407: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12383: 12377: 12371: 12365: 12359: 12353: 12347: 12341: 12335: 12329: 12323: 12317: 12311: 12305: 12299: 12293: 12287: 12281: 12275: 12269: 12263: 12254: 12248: 12239: 12233: 12227: 12221: 12215: 12209: 12203: 12197: 12191: 12185: 12179: 12178: 12176: 12174: 12155: 12149: 12148: 12146: 12144: 12125: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12111: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12059: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12033: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12022: 12003: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11945: 11939: 11938: 11936: 11934: 11919: 11913: 11912: 11910: 11908: 11893: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11882: 11863: 11857: 11856: 11854: 11852: 11833: 11831: 11829: 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11773: 11753: 11747: 11746: 11744: 11742: 11733:. Archived from 11722: 11716: 11702: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11691: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11661: 11656:on 23 April 2011 11646: 11640: 11627: 11621: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11560:. 13 July 2010. 11550: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11520: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11509: 11495: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11471:on 8 August 2016 11467:. Archived from 11456: 11445: 11444: 11442: 11440: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11356: 11354: 11335: 11333: 11331: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11277: 11268:. 28 June 2007. 11258: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11232: 11226: 11220: 11214: 11208: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11178: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11147: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11110: 11105:on 15 April 2011 11095: 11093: 11091: 11086:on 27 April 2011 11075: 11073: 11071: 11056: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11037: 11035: 11033: 11014: 11008: 10994: 10988: 10982: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10952: 10950: 10948: 10929: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10898: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10887: 10872: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10842: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10831: 10812: 10806: 10805: 10803: 10801: 10782: 10776: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10730:. Archived from 10717: 10711: 10705: 10699: 10693: 10684: 10674: 10668: 10662: 10656: 10646: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10635: 10629: 10622: 10614: 10608: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10575: 10565: 10559: 10549: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10517: 10511: 10501: 10495: 10489: 10483: 10473: 10467: 10457: 10451: 10441: 10435: 10425: 10419: 10413: 10407: 10401: 10395: 10385: 10379: 10369: 10363: 10357: 10351: 10341: 10335: 10317: 10311: 10301: 10295: 10285: 10279: 10269: 10263: 10249: 10243: 10229: 10223: 10209: 10203: 10193: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10151: 10145: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10121: 10115: 10109: 10094: 10088: 10077: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10039: 10033: 10027: 10021: 10015: 10009: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9977: 9959: 9953: 9952: 9950: 9948: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9902: 9896: 9886: 9880: 9866: 9860: 9846: 9840: 9830: 9824: 9818: 9809: 9803: 9797: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9751: 9745: 9739: 9733: 9719: 9713: 9703: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9672: 9661: 9655: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9624: 9618: 9612: 9606: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9574: 9568: 9562: 9556: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9501: 9495: 9485: 9479: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9441: 9435: 9421: 9415: 9405: 9399: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9357: 9351: 9341: 9335: 9321: 9315: 9305: 9299: 9289: 9283: 9269: 9263: 9253: 9247: 9237: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9209: 9203: 9189: 9183: 9169: 9163: 9149: 9143: 9133: 9127: 9121: 9115: 9109: 9103: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9066: 9060: 9046: 9040: 9030: 9024: 9018: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8991: 8985: 8975: 8969: 8955: 8949: 8935: 8929: 8919: 8913: 8907: 8901: 8888: 8882: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8798: 8792: 8786: 8776: 8770: 8760: 8754: 8740: 8734: 8724: 8718: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8649: 8643: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8577: 8571: 8557: 8551: 8537: 8531: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8493: 8487: 8473: 8467: 8449: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8421: 8412: 8402: 8396: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8346: 8340: 8326: 8320: 8306: 8300: 8290: 8284: 8270: 8264: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8177: 8171: 8157: 8151: 8141: 8135: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8097: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8059: 8053: 8039: 8033: 8027: 8016: 8010: 8004: 7990: 7984: 7970: 7964: 7950: 7944: 7930: 7924: 7910: 7904: 7894: 7888: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7856: 7846: 7840: 7830: 7824: 7814: 7808: 7798: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7770: 7764: 7758: 7745: 7731: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7632: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7529: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7488: 7478: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7444: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7411: 7405: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7364: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7353: 7342:Montreal Gazette 7334: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7307: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7275: 7269: 7259: 7253: 7239: 7233: 7223: 7217: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7173: 7163: 7157: 7147: 7141: 7127: 7121: 7107: 7101: 7091: 7085: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7039: 7033: 7019: 7013: 6999: 6993: 6979: 6973: 6959: 6953: 6943: 6937: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6901:The New Republic 6892: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6841:Cold War History 6831: 6825: 6811: 6802: 6788: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6760: 6751: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6720: 6710: 6704: 6690: 6684: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6632: 6623: 6617: 6611: 6605: 6599: 6585: 6576: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6530: 6524: 6510: 6504: 6498: 6492: 6486: 6480: 6470: 6464: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6418: 6412: 6402: 6396: 6382: 6376: 6362: 6356: 6346: 6340: 6326: 6320: 6306: 6300: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6249: 6243: 6229: 6223: 6213: 6207: 6193: 6187: 6177: 6171: 6161: 6155: 6141: 6135: 6121: 6115: 6101: 6092: 6078: 6072: 6058: 6052: 6038: 6032: 6018: 6012: 5998: 5992: 5978: 5972: 5962: 5956: 5942: 5936: 5922: 5916: 5906: 5900: 5886: 5877: 5863: 5857: 5847: 5841: 5835: 5829: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5735: 5729: 5715: 5709: 5695: 5689: 5679: 5673: 5663: 5657: 5639: 5633: 5623: 5617: 5607: 5601: 5587: 5578: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5532: 5526: 5512: 5506: 5492: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5464: 5458: 5448: 5442: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5368: 5362: 5356: 5350: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5304: 5295: 5289: 5280: 5270: 5264: 5250: 5244: 5230: 5224: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5166: 5160: 5150: 5144: 5126: 5120: 5110: 5104: 5094: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5062: 5056: 5038: 5032: 5014: 5008: 4994: 4988: 4974: 4968: 4963:, pp. 6–7; 4954: 4948: 4943:, pp. 5–6; 4934: 4928: 4923:, pp. 5–6; 4914: 4908: 4894: 4888: 4870: 4864: 4859:, pp. 1–2; 4855:, pp. 7–8; 4846: 4840: 4826: 4820: 4806: 4800: 4781: 4760: 4741: 4644:Benito Mussolini 4566: 4167:Casa Punta Brava 4064: 3980: 3893:Ernest Hemingway 3799:and Guatemala's 3789: 3783: 3758:Marxist–Leninist 3315: 3290:In 1991, Havana 2969: 2867:Council of State 2803:Augusto Pinochet 2791:Salvador Allende 2715:and praised the 2618: 2477:Aníbal Escalante 2432: 2380: 2363:Escalante affair 2341:Christian Herter 2333:direct democracy 2289:Jawaharlal Nehru 2273:Lorenzo Sumulong 2095:Osvaldo Dorticós 2032:CBC/Radio-Canada 2016:where President 1956: 1943:ruling by decree 1910: 1896:Eulogio Cantillo 1892:Operation Verano 1849:Herbert Matthews 1837:Partido Ortodoxo 1820:Cuban Revolution 1758: 1747: 1694:Marxist–Leninist 1567:Moncada Barracks 1526:Cuban Revolution 1500:Partido Ortodoxo 1463:Partido Ortodoxo 1443:Friedrich Engels 1428: 1416: 1351: 1319:Partido Ortodoxo 1303:anti-imperialism 1291:student activism 1251:Santiago de Cuba 1243:Holguín Province 1239:Oriente Province 1205:Youth: 1926–1947 1194: 1063:economic embargo 1047:Cuban Revolution 1011:anti-imperialist 969:Marxist–Leninist 954: 949: 942: 937: 936: 933: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 893: 840:Cuban Revolution 818: 787:Republic of Cuba 778:Military service 770: 763: 756: 749: 742: 735: 728: 713: 597:Domestic partner 589: 587: 564: 562: 558: 471: 469: 466:25 November 2016 447: 445: 429:Personal details 415: 403: 394: 382: 370: 361: 351: 338: 326: 298: 278: 268: 258: 249: 229: 217: 207: 196: 174: 162: 145: 124: 121: 116: 103: 95: 94: 88: 85: 79: 43: 42: 35: 23181: 23180: 23176: 23175: 23174: 23172: 23171: 23170: 22961: 22960: 22957: 22947: 22942: 22940: 22936:from Wikisource 22930: 22925: 22923: 22913: 22908: 22906: 22896: 22891: 22889: 22879: 22874: 22872: 22869: 22865:sister projects 22862:at Knowledge's 22856: 22846: 22844: 22834: 22832: 22822: 22820: 22812: 22810: 22805: 22804: 22799: 22776: 22767:Second Cold War 22725: 22653: 22647: 22623:Odd Arne Westad 22613:Patrick Vaughan 22598:Athan Theoharis 22578:Ellen Schrecker 22563:Yakov M. Rabkin 22538:Timothy Naftali 22483:Tvrtko Jakovina 22468:Jussi Hanhimäki 22351: 22329: 22319: 22297:Paix et Liberté 22272: 22216:Active measures 22197: 22127: 22108:White supremacy 22068:Totalitarianism 21996: 21921: 21844: 21830:Reagan Doctrine 21825:Carter Doctrine 21765:Truman Doctrine 21753: 21700: 21632: 21527:Soviet reaction 21438:Ndogboyosoi War 21345: 21316:Saur Revolution 21143:1973 oil crisis 21108:Munich massacre 21016:Alcora Exercise 21011:Black September 20989: 20735:Sino-Indian War 20629:Simba rebellion 20612: 20456:Capture of the 20364: 20303:Berlin Blockade 20236:May 1947 crises 20226:Truman Doctrine 20191:Greek Civil War 20180:Blacklist Forty 20147:Gouzenko Affair 20134:Cursed soldiers 20086:Morgenthau Plan 20074: 20012: 20007: 19977: 19972: 19956: 19917:Democratization 19907:Decommunization 19890: 19826:Helsinki Summit 19766:April 9 tragedy 19738: 19728: 19657: 19566: 19514: 19505: 19499: 19387: 19381: 19249: 19243: 19196: 19190: 19146:Mathieu Kérékou 19093: 19087: 19019: 18995:Reagan Doctrine 18970:Active measures 18962: 18956: 18947:Totalitarianism 18884: 18878: 18873: 18843: 18838: 18675: 18670: 18640: 18635: 18626: 18589: 18532: 18421: 18365:Public holidays 18355:Musical theater 18223: 18183: 18160:Agrarian reform 18129: 18103: 18092:Law enforcement 18087: 18045: 17912: 17851: 17797: 17773:Mariel boatlift 17741:Post-Revolution 17736: 17707:Platt Amendment 17694:Sinking of USS 17643: 17634: 17604: 17599: 17588:Prime ministers 17583: 17559: 17553: 17534:Núñez Portuondo 17467:Prime ministers 17462: 17452: 17422: 17417: 17396: 17380: 17356: 17350: 17209: 17199: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17146: 17125: 17108:First Secretary 17088: 17034: 17028: 16979: 16973: 16919: 16906: 16857: 16847: 16832: 16827: 16789: 16784: 16766: 16761: 16740: 16734: 16707: 16696: 16690: 16686: 16683: 16648: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16621: 16616: 16609: 16599: 16590: 16582: 16567: 16558: 16553: 16533: 16528: 16514: 16506: 16497: 16492: 16475: 16465: 16461: 16454: 16446: 16431: 16422: 16417: 16410: 16390: 16382: 16377: 16353:Religious views 16305: 16254: 16201:Popular culture 16196: 16173:Alina Fernández 16169:(sister-in-law) 16119: 16025: 16020: 15977: 15949:– slideshow by 15894: 15875: 15874: 15867: 15865: 15863: 15842: 15821: 15798: 15780: 15778:Further reading 15775: 15769: 15747: 15745: 15741: 15722: 15711: 15685: 15629: 15607: 15588: 15565: 15541: 15522: 15498: 15476: 15453: 15431: 15429: 15422: 15377: 15358: 15339: 15313: 15292: 15273: 15258: 15235: 15206: 15204: 15155: 15129: 15110: 15091: 15065: 15043: 15019: 15017: 14991: 14986: 14982:, p. xxiv. 14978: 14974: 14964: 14962: 14949: 14948: 14944: 14936: 14932: 14922: 14920: 14911: 14910: 14903: 14893: 14891: 14878: 14877: 14873: 14863: 14861: 14850: 14846: 14838: 14834: 14826:, p. 758; 14822: 14818: 14808: 14806: 14793: 14792: 14788: 14778: 14776: 14767: 14766: 14762: 14754: 14747: 14739: 14735: 14727: 14723: 14715: 14711: 14703: 14699: 14691: 14687: 14679: 14675: 14667: 14663: 14655:, p. 529; 14651: 14647: 14637: 14635: 14618: 14614: 14604: 14602: 14589: 14588: 14584: 14576: 14572: 14562: 14560: 14549: 14545: 14537: 14533: 14525: 14521: 14513: 14509: 14501: 14497: 14487: 14485: 14476: 14475: 14471: 14461: 14459: 14448: 14444: 14432: 14431: 14422: 14421: 14414: 14412: 14410: 14394: 14393: 14389: 14379: 14377: 14370: 14354: 14350: 14340: 14338: 14303:Democratization 14295: 14291: 14281: 14279: 14236: 14232: 14222: 14220: 14177: 14173: 14163: 14161: 14118: 14114: 14104: 14102: 14095: 14079: 14075: 14065: 14063: 14044: 14040: 14030: 14028: 14011: 14007: 13999: 13995: 13987: 13980: 13972: 13965: 13945: 13944: 13937: 13935: 13928: 13924: 13916: 13912: 13904: 13900: 13892: 13885: 13877: 13873: 13865: 13861: 13853: 13849: 13839: 13837: 13822: 13818: 13810: 13806: 13798: 13794: 13784: 13782: 13759: 13755: 13745: 13743: 13718: 13711: 13703: 13699: 13689: 13687: 13674: 13673: 13669: 13659: 13657: 13642: 13635: 13627: 13623: 13615: 13611: 13603: 13599: 13591: 13587: 13579: 13575: 13567: 13563: 13553: 13551: 13536: 13532: 13524: 13520: 13512: 13508: 13500: 13496: 13486: 13484: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13458: 13451: 13443: 13439: 13431: 13424: 13416: 13409: 13401: 13397: 13389: 13385: 13375: 13373: 13358: 13357: 13353: 13345: 13341: 13333: 13329: 13321: 13312: 13302: 13300: 13285: 13278: 13268: 13266: 13253: 13252: 13245: 13235: 13233: 13218: 13211: 13201: 13199: 13194:. 16 May 2006. 13186: 13185: 13178: 13170: 13166: 13158: 13151: 13143: 13139: 13131: 13127: 13119: 13115: 13107: 13103: 13095: 13091: 13083: 13079: 13071: 13067: 13059: 13055: 13047: 13043: 13035: 13031: 13023: 13019: 13011: 13002: 12994: 12990: 12980: 12978: 12958: 12949: 12941: 12937: 12929: 12925: 12917: 12913: 12905: 12901: 12893: 12889: 12881: 12877: 12867: 12865: 12852: 12851: 12847: 12839:, p. 255; 12835: 12831: 12823: 12819: 12811: 12807: 12799: 12795: 12785: 12783: 12768: 12764: 12754: 12752: 12737: 12733: 12725:, p. 219; 12721: 12717: 12709: 12702: 12694: 12690: 12680: 12678: 12671: 12655: 12651: 12643: 12639: 12631: 12627: 12619: 12612: 12604: 12600: 12592: 12588: 12580: 12573: 12565: 12561: 12553: 12549: 12541: 12537: 12529: 12525: 12517: 12513: 12505: 12501: 12493: 12489: 12481: 12477: 12469: 12465: 12457: 12453: 12445: 12441: 12433: 12429: 12421: 12410: 12400: 12398: 12385: 12384: 12380: 12372: 12368: 12360: 12356: 12348: 12344: 12336: 12332: 12324: 12320: 12312: 12308: 12300: 12296: 12288: 12284: 12276: 12272: 12264: 12257: 12249: 12242: 12234: 12230: 12222: 12218: 12210: 12206: 12198: 12194: 12186: 12182: 12172: 12170: 12157: 12156: 12152: 12142: 12140: 12127: 12126: 12119: 12109: 12107: 12094: 12093: 12089: 12079: 12077: 12069:The Independent 12060: 12056: 12046: 12044: 12035: 12034: 12030: 12020: 12018: 12005: 12004: 12000: 11990: 11988: 11979: 11978: 11974: 11964: 11962: 11947: 11946: 11942: 11932: 11930: 11921: 11920: 11916: 11906: 11904: 11895: 11894: 11890: 11880: 11878: 11864: 11860: 11850: 11848: 11835: 11827: 11825: 11816: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11771: 11769: 11754: 11750: 11740: 11738: 11723: 11719: 11713:Wayback Machine 11703: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11686:on 7 March 2016 11674: 11673: 11669: 11659: 11657: 11648: 11647: 11643: 11637:Wayback Machine 11628: 11624: 11614:Wayback Machine 11598: 11596: 11581: 11577: 11567: 11565: 11552: 11551: 11547: 11537: 11535: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11507: 11505: 11488: 11484: 11474: 11472: 11457: 11448: 11438: 11436: 11427: 11426: 11422: 11412: 11410: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11382: 11380: 11367: 11366: 11362: 11352: 11350: 11337: 11329: 11327: 11314: 11306: 11304: 11289: 11285: 11275: 11273: 11260: 11259: 11255: 11245: 11243: 11234: 11233: 11229: 11221: 11217: 11209: 11205: 11195: 11193: 11180: 11179: 11175: 11165: 11163: 11148: 11144: 11134: 11132: 11123: 11122: 11118: 11108: 11106: 11097: 11089: 11087: 11069: 11067: 11058: 11057: 11053: 11045: 11041: 11031: 11029: 11016: 11015: 11011: 11005:Wayback Machine 10995: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10969: 10967: 10954: 10946: 10944: 10931: 10930: 10926: 10916: 10914: 10899: 10895: 10885: 10883: 10874: 10873: 10869: 10859: 10857: 10844: 10843: 10839: 10829: 10827: 10814: 10813: 10809: 10799: 10797: 10784: 10783: 10779: 10769: 10767: 10752: 10751: 10747: 10737: 10735: 10718: 10714: 10706: 10702: 10694: 10687: 10679:, p. 100; 10675: 10671: 10663: 10659: 10651:, p. 283; 10647: 10643: 10633: 10631: 10627: 10620: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10578: 10566: 10562: 10550: 10546: 10538: 10534: 10526:, p. 288; 10522:, p. 836; 10518: 10514: 10502: 10498: 10490: 10486: 10478:, p. 287; 10474: 10470: 10458: 10454: 10442: 10438: 10426: 10422: 10414: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10390:, p. 832; 10386: 10382: 10370: 10366: 10358: 10354: 10346:, p. 282; 10342: 10338: 10330:, p. 271; 10326:, p. 163; 10318: 10314: 10306:, p. 831; 10302: 10298: 10286: 10282: 10270: 10266: 10258:, p. 277; 10254:, p. 830; 10250: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10210: 10206: 10194: 10190: 10182: 10178: 10170: 10166: 10158: 10154: 10146: 10142: 10134: 10130: 10122: 10118: 10110: 10097: 10089: 10080: 10072: 10068: 10060: 10056: 10048:, p. 256; 10044:, p. 826; 10040: 10036: 10028: 10024: 10016: 10012: 10000:, p. 297; 9996: 9992: 9984: 9980: 9968:, p. 217; IMF, 9960: 9956: 9946: 9944: 9935: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9903: 9899: 9887: 9883: 9871:, p. 296; 9867: 9863: 9851:, p. 295; 9847: 9843: 9835:, p. 808; 9831: 9827: 9819: 9812: 9804: 9800: 9792:, p. 250; 9784: 9780: 9772: 9768: 9756:, p. 294; 9752: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9724:, p. 289; 9720: 9716: 9704: 9700: 9690: 9688: 9673: 9664: 9656: 9652: 9642: 9640: 9625: 9621: 9613: 9609: 9593: 9589: 9581: 9577: 9569: 9565: 9557: 9550: 9542: 9538: 9530: 9526: 9518: 9514: 9502: 9498: 9490:, p. 752; 9486: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9462: 9458: 9442: 9438: 9426:, p. 283; 9422: 9418: 9410:, p. 282; 9406: 9402: 9386: 9382: 9374: 9370: 9362:, p. 284; 9358: 9354: 9346:, p. 721; 9342: 9338: 9322: 9318: 9306: 9302: 9290: 9286: 9270: 9266: 9254: 9250: 9238: 9234: 9226: 9222: 9210: 9206: 9198:, p. 606; 9190: 9186: 9178:, p. 644; 9174:, p. 274; 9170: 9166: 9154:, p. 273; 9150: 9146: 9134: 9130: 9122: 9118: 9110: 9106: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9067: 9063: 9047: 9043: 9031: 9027: 9019: 9012: 9004: 9000: 8992: 8988: 8980:, p. 265; 8976: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8944:, p. 744; 8936: 8932: 8924:, p. 255; 8920: 8916: 8908: 8904: 8892:Walter Lippmann 8889: 8885: 8877:, p. 534; 8873: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8849:, p. 263; 8845: 8841: 8833: 8829: 8817: 8813: 8805: 8801: 8793: 8789: 8777: 8773: 8765:, p. 249; 8761: 8757: 8741: 8737: 8725: 8721: 8709:, p. 239; 8705: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8646: 8638:, p. 425; 8630: 8626: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8594: 8590: 8578: 8574: 8558: 8554: 8542:, p. 233; 8538: 8534: 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498:, p. 232; 8494: 8490: 8474: 8470: 8458:, p. 274; 8450: 8446: 8438: 8434: 8426:, p. 231; 8422: 8415: 8403: 8399: 8387:, p. 276; 8383:, p. 230; 8379: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8347: 8343: 8327: 8323: 8315:, p. 369; 8307: 8303: 8291: 8287: 8271: 8267: 8251: 8247: 8239: 8235: 8227: 8223: 8215:, p. 277; 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8178: 8174: 8162:, p. 233; 8158: 8154: 8146:, p. 125; 8142: 8138: 8130:, p. 300; 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8098: 8094: 8086: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8040: 8036: 8028: 8019: 8011: 8007: 7999:, p. 349; 7995:, p. 214; 7991: 7987: 7971: 7967: 7959:, p. 302; 7951: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7899:, p. 202; 7895: 7891: 7883:, p. 167; 7875: 7871: 7863: 7859: 7847: 7843: 7835:, p. 197; 7831: 7827: 7815: 7811: 7803:, p. 280; 7799: 7795: 7787: 7783: 7771: 7767: 7759: 7748: 7732: 7728: 7718: 7716: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7692: 7690: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7652:Tampa Bay Times 7645: 7644: 7640: 7630: 7628: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7520: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7479: 7475: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7453:, p. 280; 7445: 7441: 7431: 7429: 7412: 7408: 7400:, p. 243; 7396:, p. 177; 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7365: 7361: 7351: 7349: 7336: 7335: 7331: 7321: 7319: 7308: 7304: 7296: 7292: 7276: 7272: 7264:, p. 173; 7260: 7256: 7248:, p. 277; 7244:, p. 173; 7240: 7236: 7224: 7220: 7204: 7200: 7192: 7188: 7180: 7176: 7164: 7160: 7152:, p. 168; 7148: 7144: 7136:, p. 251; 7128: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7096:, p. 164; 7092: 7088: 7080:, p. 216; 7072: 7068: 7060: 7056: 7048:, p. 219; 7040: 7036: 7028:, p. 214; 7020: 7016: 7008:, p. 211; 7000: 6996: 6988:, p. 212; 6984:, p. 160; 6980: 6976: 6968:, p. 211; 6964:, p. 160; 6960: 6956: 6948:, p. 212; 6944: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6910: 6908: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6832: 6828: 6812: 6805: 6793:, p. 158; 6789: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6761: 6754: 6742: 6738: 6730: 6723: 6715:, p. 155; 6711: 6707: 6699:, p. 159; 6695:, p. 143; 6691: 6687: 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6646: 6633: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6586: 6579: 6571:, p. 130; 6567:, p. 138; 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6539:, p. 129; 6535:, p. 114; 6531: 6527: 6519:, p. 127; 6515:, p. 139; 6511: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6471: 6467: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6435: 6419: 6415: 6407:, p. 134; 6403: 6399: 6391:, p. 115; 6383: 6379: 6363: 6359: 6347: 6343: 6327: 6323: 6311:, p. 114; 6307: 6303: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6251: 6250: 6246: 6234:, p. 112; 6230: 6226: 6218:, p. 111; 6214: 6210: 6194: 6190: 6178: 6174: 6166:, p. 110; 6162: 6158: 6146:, p. 105; 6142: 6138: 6122: 6118: 6102: 6095: 6079: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6019: 6015: 5999: 5995: 5979: 5975: 5963: 5959: 5943: 5939: 5923: 5919: 5907: 5903: 5887: 5880: 5864: 5860: 5848: 5844: 5836: 5832: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5776: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5736: 5732: 5716: 5712: 5696: 5692: 5680: 5676: 5664: 5660: 5640: 5636: 5624: 5620: 5608: 5604: 5588: 5581: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5533: 5529: 5521:, p. 318; 5513: 5509: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5449: 5445: 5433: 5429: 5421: 5417: 5405: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5369: 5365: 5357: 5353: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5283: 5271: 5267: 5251: 5247: 5231: 5227: 5215: 5211: 5203: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5167: 5163: 5151: 5147: 5127: 5123: 5111: 5107: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5039: 5035: 5015: 5011: 4995: 4991: 4987:, pp. 8–9. 4975: 4971: 4955: 4951: 4935: 4931: 4915: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4871: 4867: 4847: 4843: 4837:Wayback Machine 4827: 4823: 4807: 4803: 4791:Wayback Machine 4782: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4763: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4655:Ahmed Ben Bella 4616:president-elect 4568: 4564: 4555: 4541: 4534: 4424:nuclear physics 4397:la primera dama 4392: 4390:Marital history 4318: 4117: 4097:Josip Broz Tito 4076:Romeo y Julieta 4053:Abraham Lincoln 3969: 3832: 3826: 3821: 3787: 3781: 3726: 3720: 3708:central highway 3679: 3673: 3620:First Secretary 3567: 3515: 3510: 3468:Martín Torrijos 3397: 3317: 3313: 3229: 3219: 3213: 3065:Mariel boatlift 3048: 3019:Luis Echeverría 2971: 2967: 2900: 2894: 2889: 2883: 2859:socialist state 2855:Henry Kissinger 2839:Muammar Gaddafi 2780:Heberto Padilla 2736: 2696:Leonid Brezhnev 2649:Ahmed Ben Bella 2620: 2617:, 27 April 1964 2609:Walter Lippmann 2606: 2503: 2491:Main articles: 2489: 2461:social deviants 2430: 2382: 2374: 2365: 2355: 2349: 2326:John F. Kennedy 2228: 2163:Anastas Mikoyan 2156:Communist Party 2014:charm offensive 2006: 1998:Main articles: 1996: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1958: 1954: 1930: 1908: 1867:soon followed. 1777:Robert E. Quirk 1765: 1756: 1745: 1628: 1615:Presidio Modelo 1539: 1534: 1528: 1471: 1426: 1418: 1414: 1361:Rafael Trujillo 1353: 1349: 1336: 1253:, before being 1207: 1202: 1196: 1104:governments in 988:communist state 977:first secretary 947: 940: 911: 907: 879: 773: 691: 662: 635: 592: 591: 588: 1980) 583: 579: 576: 566: 563: 1955) 554: 550: 547: 529: 504: 503:Other political 492:Political party 472: 467: 465: 449: 443: 441: 440: 439: 413: 401: 395: 390: 380: 368: 362: 357: 349: 336: 324: 319: 299: 294: 276: 266: 256: 250: 245: 227: 215: 203: 197: 192: 172: 160: 146: 141: 125: 122: 107: 104: 89: 83: 80: 61: 44: 40: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23179: 23169: 23168: 23163: 23158: 23153: 23148: 23143: 23138: 23133: 23128: 23123: 23118: 23113: 23108: 23103: 23098: 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23068: 23063: 23058: 23056:Cuban soldiers 23053: 23048: 23043: 23038: 23033: 23028: 23023: 23018: 23013: 23008: 23003: 22998: 22993: 22988: 22983: 22978: 22973: 22956: 22955: 22938: 22921: 22919:from Wikiquote 22904: 22887: 22858: 22855: 22854: 22842: 22830: 22807: 22806: 22801: 22800: 22798: 22797: 22792: 22787: 22781: 22778: 22777: 22775: 22774: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22744: 22739: 22733: 22731: 22727: 22726: 22724: 22723: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22663: 22657: 22655: 22649: 22648: 22646: 22645: 22640: 22635: 22630: 22625: 22620: 22615: 22610: 22605: 22600: 22595: 22593:Timothy Snyder 22590: 22585: 22580: 22575: 22570: 22565: 22560: 22555: 22550: 22545: 22540: 22535: 22530: 22525: 22523:Vojtech Mastny 22520: 22518:Geir Lundestad 22515: 22510: 22508:Walter Laqueur 22505: 22503:Walter LaFeber 22500: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22475: 22470: 22465: 22460: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22433:André Fontaine 22430: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22390: 22385: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22365: 22363:Gar Alperovitz 22359: 22357: 22353: 22352: 22350: 22349: 22344: 22339: 22333: 22331: 22325: 22324: 22321: 22320: 22318: 22317: 22312: 22306: 22305: 22300: 22293: 22288: 22280: 22278: 22274: 22273: 22271: 22270: 22263: 22258: 22251: 22244: 22239: 22232: 22225: 22218: 22212: 22210: 22203: 22199: 22198: 22196: 22195: 22190: 22185: 22180: 22175: 22170: 22165: 22160: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22139: 22137: 22133: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22126: 22125: 22120: 22115: 22110: 22105: 22103:Third-Worldism 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22060: 22055: 22050: 22045: 22040: 22035: 22030: 22025: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22004: 22002: 21998: 21997: 21995: 21994: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21962: 21957: 21952: 21947: 21942: 21937: 21931: 21929: 21923: 21922: 21920: 21919: 21914: 21909: 21904: 21899: 21894: 21892:Libertarianism 21889: 21884: 21883: 21882: 21872: 21870:Chicago school 21867: 21861: 21859: 21850: 21846: 21845: 21843: 21842: 21837: 21832: 21827: 21822: 21817: 21815:Nixon Doctrine 21812: 21807: 21802: 21797: 21792: 21787: 21782: 21777: 21772: 21767: 21761: 21759: 21758:Foreign policy 21755: 21754: 21752: 21751: 21746: 21741: 21736: 21731: 21726: 21721: 21716: 21710: 21708: 21702: 21701: 21699: 21698: 21693: 21692: 21691: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21640: 21638: 21634: 21633: 21631: 21630: 21625: 21620: 21615: 21610: 21605: 21600: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21565: 21560: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21543:Operation RYAN 21540: 21535: 21530: 21520: 21515: 21510: 21505: 21500: 21495: 21490: 21485: 21480: 21475: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21448:Able Archer 83 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21400: 21395: 21394: 21393: 21383: 21378: 21373: 21364: 21359: 21353: 21351: 21347: 21346: 21344: 21343: 21338: 21333: 21328: 21323: 21318: 21313: 21308: 21303: 21298: 21293: 21288: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21268: 21263: 21258: 21253: 21245: 21240: 21235: 21230: 21225: 21220: 21215: 21210: 21205: 21200: 21198:Oromo conflict 21195: 21190: 21185: 21180: 21175: 21170: 21165: 21160: 21155: 21150: 21145: 21140: 21138:Yom Kippur War 21135: 21130: 21125: 21120: 21115: 21110: 21105: 21100: 21095: 21090: 21085: 21080: 21075: 21070: 21065: 21060: 21055: 21048: 21043: 21038: 21033: 21028: 21023: 21018: 21013: 21008: 21003: 20997: 20995: 20991: 20990: 20988: 20987: 20982: 20977: 20972: 20967: 20962: 20961: 20960: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20935: 20930: 20921: 20916: 20915: 20914: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20884: 20879: 20874: 20869: 20864: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20793: 20792: 20782: 20777: 20772: 20770:Aden Emergency 20767: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20721: 20720: 20715: 20710: 20700: 20695: 20690: 20688:Papua conflict 20685: 20680: 20675: 20670: 20669: 20668: 20658: 20657: 20656: 20646: 20641: 20636: 20631: 20626: 20620: 20618: 20614: 20613: 20611: 20610: 20605: 20604: 20603: 20593: 20591:Kitchen Debate 20588: 20583: 20578: 20573: 20568: 20563: 20558: 20553: 20551:Sputnik crisis 20548: 20543: 20535: 20528: 20523: 20521:Polish October 20518: 20513: 20508: 20501: 20496: 20491: 20486: 20481: 20476: 20471: 20466: 20461: 20453: 20448: 20443: 20438: 20433: 20428: 20423: 20421:Pact of Madrid 20418: 20413: 20408: 20403: 20398: 20393: 20388: 20383: 20378: 20376:Bamboo Curtain 20372: 20370: 20366: 20365: 20363: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20347: 20346: 20345: 20335: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20270: 20269: 20268: 20263: 20258: 20248: 20243: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20183: 20175: 20167: 20159: 20154: 20149: 20144: 20136: 20131: 20130: 20129: 20124: 20116: 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20082: 20080: 20076: 20075: 20073: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20057: 20052: 20047: 20042: 20037: 20032: 20025: 20017: 20014: 20013: 20006: 20005: 19998: 19991: 19983: 19974: 19973: 19971: 19970: 19964: 19962: 19958: 19957: 19955: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19942:Post-communism 19939: 19934: 19929: 19924: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19904: 19898: 19896: 19892: 19891: 19889: 19888: 19883: 19878: 19873: 19868: 19863: 19858: 19853: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19828: 19823: 19818: 19813: 19808: 19803: 19798: 19793: 19788: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19758: 19753: 19748: 19742: 19740: 19734: 19733: 19730: 19729: 19727: 19726: 19721: 19716: 19711: 19706: 19701: 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19676: 19671: 19665: 19663: 19659: 19658: 19656: 19655: 19650: 19645: 19640: 19635: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19574: 19572: 19568: 19567: 19565: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19532:Czechoslovakia 19529: 19524: 19518: 19516: 19515:Eastern Europe 19507: 19501: 19500: 19498: 19497: 19492: 19487: 19482: 19477: 19472: 19467: 19462: 19457: 19452: 19447: 19442: 19437: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19402: 19397: 19391: 19389: 19383: 19382: 19380: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19362:Isaias Afwerki 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19342:Zianon Pazniak 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19253: 19251: 19245: 19244: 19242: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19200: 19198: 19192: 19191: 19189: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19173: 19168: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19121:Erich Honecker 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19097: 19095: 19089: 19088: 19086: 19085: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19064: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19033: 19027: 19025: 19021: 19020: 19018: 19017: 19012: 19007: 19002: 18997: 18992: 18987: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18966: 18964: 18958: 18957: 18955: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18902:Anti-communism 18899: 18894: 18888: 18886: 18880: 18879: 18872: 18871: 18864: 18857: 18849: 18840: 18839: 18837: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18801: 18796: 18791: 18786: 18781: 18776: 18771: 18766: 18761: 18756: 18751: 18746: 18741: 18736: 18731: 18726: 18721: 18716: 18711: 18706: 18701: 18696: 18691: 18686: 18680: 18677: 18676: 18669: 18668: 18661: 18654: 18646: 18637: 18636: 18634: 18633: 18623: 18613: 18602: 18599: 18598: 18595: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18587: 18586: 18585: 18575: 18574: 18573: 18563: 18562: 18561: 18551: 18546: 18540: 18538: 18534: 18533: 18531: 18530: 18525: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18439: 18433: 18427: 18426: 18423: 18422: 18420: 18419: 18414: 18413: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18346: 18345: 18340: 18330: 18325: 18320: 18319: 18318: 18308: 18307: 18306: 18301: 18291: 18290: 18289: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18248: 18246: 18235: 18229: 18228: 18225: 18224: 18222: 18221: 18220: 18219: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18193: 18192: 18187: 18174: 18169: 18168: 18167: 18162: 18151: 18145: 18139: 18138: 18135: 18134: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18111: 18109: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18101: 18095: 18093: 18089: 18088: 18086: 18085: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18053: 18051: 18047: 18046: 18044: 18043: 18042: 18041: 18031: 18026: 18025: 18024: 18014: 18009: 18008: 18007: 17997: 17992: 17987: 17986: 17985: 17980: 17975: 17965: 17960: 17955: 17950: 17945: 17940: 17934: 17924: 17918: 17917: 17914: 17913: 17911: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17878:Municipalities 17875: 17869: 17863: 17857: 17856: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17849: 17848: 17847: 17818: 17817: 17816: 17805: 17803: 17799: 17798: 17796: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17778:Special Period 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17744: 17742: 17738: 17737: 17735: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17722:1932 hurricane 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17691: 17686: 17681: 17679:Ten Years' War 17676: 17671: 17666: 17660: 17658: 17657:Pre-Revolution 17651: 17645: 17644: 17633: 17632: 17625: 17618: 17610: 17601: 17600: 17598: 17597: 17591: 17589: 17585: 17584: 17582: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17565: 17563: 17555: 17554: 17552: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17509:Lancís Sánchez 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17489:Lancís Sánchez 17486: 17481: 17476: 17470: 17468: 17464: 17463: 17451: 17450: 17443: 17436: 17428: 17419: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17408: 17405: 17401: 17398: 17397: 17395: 17394: 17388: 17386: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17362: 17360: 17352: 17351: 17349: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17332: 17326: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17300: 17295: 17289: 17283: 17277: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17223: 17217: 17215: 17211: 17210: 17198: 17197: 17190: 17183: 17175: 17166: 17165: 17151: 17148: 17147: 17145: 17144: 17139: 17133: 17131: 17127: 17126: 17124: 17123: 17117: 17111: 17100: 17098: 17094: 17093: 17090: 17089: 17087: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17040: 17038: 17030: 17029: 17027: 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16985: 16983: 16975: 16974: 16972: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16925: 16923: 16912: 16908: 16907: 16905: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16889: 16884: 16879: 16874: 16869: 16863: 16861: 16853: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16845: 16837: 16835: 16829: 16828: 16826: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16794: 16792: 16786: 16785: 16783: 16782: 16777: 16771: 16769: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16759: 16753: 16746: 16744: 16736: 16735: 16733: 16732: 16731:(2021–present) 16726: 16720: 16713: 16711: 16700: 16692: 16691: 16682: 16681: 16674: 16667: 16659: 16653: 16650: 16649: 16637: 16636: 16632: 16631: 16626: 16623: 16610: 16605: 16601: 16600: 16595: 16592: 16583: 16578: 16574: 16573: 16569: 16568: 16563: 16560: 16547: 16541: 16540: 16536: 16535: 16522: 16512: 16508: 16507: 16502: 16499: 16486: 16471: 16467: 16466: 16459: 16456: 16447: 16442: 16438: 16437: 16433: 16432: 16427: 16424: 16411: 16406: 16402: 16401: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16379: 16378: 16376: 16375: 16367: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16329: 16328: 16317: 16315: 16311: 16310: 16307: 16306: 16304: 16303: 16295: 16291:Castro's Beard 16287: 16279: 16271: 16262: 16260: 16256: 16255: 16253: 16252: 16244: 16236: 16228: 16220: 16211: 16209: 16202: 16198: 16197: 16195: 16194: 16188: 16185:Mariela Castro 16182: 16176: 16170: 16164: 16158: 16152: 16149:Juanita Castro 16146: 16140: 16134: 16127: 16125: 16121: 16120: 16118: 16117: 16112: 16111: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16063: 16062: 16061: 16054: 16049: 16039: 16033: 16031: 16027: 16026: 16019: 16018: 16011: 16004: 15996: 15990: 15989: 15980: 15966: 15960:– timeline by 15955: 15944: 15938: 15929: 15920: 15909: 15904: 15893: 15892:External links 15890: 15889: 15888: 15861: 15846: 15841:978-0742525658 15840: 15825: 15819: 15802: 15796: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15773: 15767: 15754: 15715: 15709: 15689: 15684:978-0300156157 15683: 15670: 15644:(3): 599–620. 15633: 15627: 15611: 15605: 15592: 15587:978-1250068767 15586: 15569: 15563: 15545: 15539: 15526: 15520: 15502: 15496: 15480: 15474: 15457: 15451: 15438: 15420: 15402: 15381: 15375: 15362: 15356: 15343: 15337: 15317: 15311: 15296: 15290: 15277: 15271: 15262: 15256: 15239: 15233: 15213: 15180: 15159: 15153: 15133: 15127: 15114: 15108: 15095: 15089: 15069: 15063: 15047: 15042:978-0582437470 15041: 15026: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14984: 14972: 14942: 14940:, p. 192. 14930: 14915:. Al Jazeera. 14901: 14871: 14844: 14842:, p. 148. 14832: 14830:, p. 247. 14816: 14786: 14760: 14758:, p. 424. 14745: 14743:, p. 619. 14733: 14731:, p. 606. 14721: 14719:, p. 181. 14709: 14707:, p. 295. 14697: 14695:, p. 263. 14685: 14683:, p. 501. 14673: 14671:, p. 292. 14661: 14659:, p. 292. 14645: 14612: 14582: 14580:, p. 290. 14570: 14543: 14541:, p. 170. 14531: 14519: 14507: 14495: 14469: 14442: 14408: 14387: 14368: 14348: 14289: 14250:(1): 147–162. 14230: 14191:(4): 557–600. 14185:World Politics 14171: 14132:(4): 556–574. 14112: 14093: 14073: 14038: 14005: 13993: 13978: 13976:, p. 302. 13963: 13922: 13920:, p. 269. 13910: 13898: 13883: 13871: 13859: 13855:Fernández 1997 13847: 13816: 13804: 13792: 13769:(in Spanish). 13753: 13709: 13697: 13667: 13652:. p. 51. 13650:The New Yorker 13633: 13621: 13619:, p. 194. 13609: 13597: 13595:, p. 231. 13585: 13573: 13561: 13530: 13518: 13506: 13504:, p. 299. 13494: 13464: 13462:, p. 201. 13449: 13437: 13422: 13407: 13395: 13383: 13351: 13349:, p. 187. 13339: 13337:, p. 188. 13327: 13310: 13295:(in Spanish). 13276: 13243: 13228:(in Spanish). 13226:Informe Orwell 13209: 13176: 13174:, p. 100. 13164: 13162:, p. 104. 13149: 13137: 13125: 13113: 13101: 13089: 13077: 13065: 13063:, p. 268. 13053: 13041: 13039:, p. 195. 13029: 13017: 13000: 12998:, p. 274. 12988: 12947: 12935: 12933:, p. 129. 12923: 12921:, p. 105. 12911: 12899: 12887: 12885:, p. 245. 12875: 12845: 12843:, p. 325. 12829: 12827:, p. 244. 12817: 12805: 12793: 12762: 12731: 12729:, p. 175. 12715: 12700: 12698:, p. 695. 12688: 12669: 12649: 12647:, p. 156. 12637: 12625: 12610: 12598: 12596:, p. 204. 12586: 12571: 12569:, p. 180. 12559: 12547: 12545:, p. 601. 12535: 12533:, p. 273. 12523: 12511: 12509:, p. 219. 12499: 12487: 12485:, p. 494. 12475: 12463: 12451: 12449:, p. 192. 12439: 12427: 12408: 12378: 12376:, p. 200. 12366: 12364:, p. 176. 12354: 12342: 12340:, p. 610. 12330: 12318: 12306: 12294: 12292:, p. 147. 12282: 12270: 12268:, p. 149. 12255: 12253:, p. 177. 12240: 12238:, p. 790. 12228: 12226:, p. 178. 12216: 12204: 12202:, p. 608. 12192: 12190:, p. 157. 12180: 12150: 12117: 12087: 12054: 12028: 11998: 11972: 11940: 11914: 11888: 11858: 11809: 11779: 11748: 11717: 11697: 11667: 11641: 11622: 11575: 11545: 11515: 11482: 11446: 11435:on 11 May 2011 11420: 11390: 11360: 11283: 11253: 11227: 11215: 11213:, p. 287. 11203: 11173: 11142: 11116: 11051: 11049:, p. xvi. 11039: 11009: 10989: 10987:, p. 320. 10977: 10924: 10893: 10867: 10837: 10807: 10790:fidelcastro.cu 10777: 10745: 10712: 10700: 10698:, p. 100. 10685: 10683:, p. 138. 10669: 10667:, p. 304. 10657: 10655:, p. 279. 10641: 10609: 10603:, p. 77; 10593: 10591:, p. 312. 10576: 10560: 10558:, p. 309. 10544: 10542:, p. 294. 10532: 10512: 10496: 10484: 10468: 10452: 10450:, p. 314. 10436: 10420: 10408: 10396: 10380: 10378:, p. 275. 10364: 10352: 10350:, p. 288. 10336: 10312: 10296: 10294:, p. 286. 10280: 10278:, p. 286. 10264: 10262:, p. 286. 10244: 10224: 10222:, p. 276. 10204: 10188: 10186:, p. 246. 10176: 10174:, p. 234. 10164: 10152: 10140: 10138:, p. 221. 10128: 10126:, p. 220. 10116: 10095: 10093:, p. 224. 10078: 10076:, p. 257. 10066: 10064:, p. 256. 10054: 10052:, p. 273. 10034: 10022: 10020:, p. 818. 10010: 9990: 9988:, p. 253. 9978: 9954: 9939:. World Bank. 9928: 9897: 9895:, p. 252. 9881: 9879:, p. 252. 9861: 9841: 9825: 9823:, p. 255. 9810: 9798: 9796:, p. 288. 9778: 9776:, p. 294. 9766: 9764:, p. 245. 9746: 9734: 9714: 9698: 9662: 9660:, p. 759. 9650: 9619: 9617:, p. 249. 9607: 9605:, p. 245. 9587: 9575: 9563: 9561:, p. 190. 9548: 9546:, p. 245. 9536: 9524: 9522:, p. 750. 9512: 9496: 9494:, p. 243. 9480: 9468: 9456: 9436: 9416: 9414:, p. 737. 9400: 9398:, p. 240. 9380: 9368: 9352: 9336: 9334:, p. 239. 9316: 9314:, p. 238. 9300: 9284: 9264: 9248: 9246:, p. 230. 9232: 9230:, p. 277. 9220: 9204: 9202:, p. 230. 9184: 9182:, p. 230. 9164: 9162:, p. 229. 9144: 9142:, p. 227. 9128: 9116: 9114:, p. 647. 9104: 9102:, p. 227. 9088: 9061: 9041: 9025: 9010: 9008:, p. 269. 8998: 8996:, p. 267. 8986: 8984:, p. 214. 8970: 8968:, p. 216. 8950: 8930: 8928:, p. 211. 8914: 8912:, p. 744. 8902: 8883: 8881:, p. 213. 8867: 8855: 8839: 8827: 8825:, p. 213. 8811: 8799: 8787: 8785:, p. 702. 8771: 8769:, p. 538. 8755: 8735: 8719: 8699: 8687: 8685:, p. 197. 8675: 8644: 8624: 8622:, p. 195. 8612: 8610:, p. 194. 8600: 8588: 8572: 8570:, p. 192. 8552: 8550:, p. 189. 8532: 8516: 8514:, p. 233. 8504: 8502:, p. 397. 8488: 8486:, p. 190. 8468: 8466:, p. 190. 8444: 8442:, p. 405. 8432: 8430:, p. 188. 8413: 8397: 8395:, p. 188. 8373: 8361: 8341: 8321: 8301: 8299:, p. 371. 8285: 8265: 8263:, p. 178. 8245: 8243:, p. 226. 8233: 8231:, p. 330. 8221: 8219:, p. 313. 8205: 8172: 8170:, p. 176. 8152: 8150:, p. 300. 8136: 8134:, p. 176. 8120: 8118:, p. 339. 8108: 8106:, p. 337. 8092: 8090:, p. 183. 8080: 8054: 8034: 8032:, p. 182. 8017: 8015:, p. 215. 8005: 8003:, p. 177. 7985: 7965: 7963:, p. 172. 7945: 7943:, p. 173. 7925: 7905: 7903:, p. 296. 7889: 7869: 7857: 7855:, p. 168. 7841: 7825: 7823:, p. 167. 7809: 7807:, p. 168. 7793: 7791:, p. 179. 7781: 7779:, p. 324. 7765: 7746: 7744:, p. 162. 7726: 7700: 7670: 7638: 7607: 7576: 7545: 7543:, p. 186. 7530: 7528:, p. 234. 7518: 7506: 7499: 7473: 7439: 7406: 7404:, p. 158. 7386: 7359: 7329: 7302: 7290: 7270: 7268:, p. 228. 7254: 7252:, p. 154. 7234: 7218: 7198: 7186: 7174: 7158: 7156:, p. 149. 7142: 7140:, p. 145. 7122: 7102: 7100:, p. 144. 7086: 7066: 7054: 7034: 7014: 6994: 6992:, p. 137. 6974: 6972:, p. 137. 6954: 6952:, p. 137. 6938: 6936:, p. 137. 6918: 6887: 6848:(3): 317–339. 6826: 6803: 6801:, p. 135. 6783: 6781:, p. 158. 6771: 6752: 6736: 6721: 6705: 6685: 6683:, p. 120. 6665: 6624: 6612: 6600: 6577: 6575:, p. 119. 6557: 6555:, p. 122. 6545: 6543:, p. 114. 6525: 6505: 6493: 6491:, p. 137. 6481: 6465: 6445: 6443:, p. 126. 6433: 6431:, p. 113. 6413: 6411:, p. 113. 6397: 6377: 6375:, p. 109. 6357: 6355:, p. 104. 6341: 6321: 6301: 6277: 6244: 6242:, p. 102. 6238:, p. 88; 6224: 6208: 6206:, p. 101. 6202:, p. 85; 6188: 6172: 6170:, p. 100. 6156: 6154:, p. 100. 6136: 6116: 6093: 6073: 6067:, p. 71; 6053: 6033: 6027:, p. 61; 6013: 6003:, p. 93; 5993: 5987:, p. 59; 5983:, p. 93; 5973: 5967:, p. 58; 5957: 5937: 5931:, p. 57; 5927:, p. 91; 5917: 5911:, p. 86; 5901: 5878: 5872:, p. 55; 5868:, p. 83; 5858: 5852:, p. 55; 5842: 5830: 5810: 5798: 5786: 5780:, p. 76; 5770: 5758: 5746: 5740:, p. 73; 5730: 5728:, p. 107. 5724:, p. 66; 5720:, p. 69; 5710: 5690: 5674: 5668:, p. 64; 5658: 5634: 5628:, p. 29; 5618: 5602: 5596:, p. 36; 5579: 5555: 5543: 5537:, p. 31; 5527: 5507: 5501:, p. 51; 5497:, p. 57; 5487: 5475: 5469:, p. 39; 5459: 5453:, p. 29; 5443: 5437:, p. 57; 5427: 5415: 5399: 5397:, p. 100. 5387: 5377:, p. 27; 5373:, p. 55; 5363: 5351: 5335: 5333:, p. 177. 5323: 5296: 5281: 5275:, p. 42; 5265: 5259:, p. 24; 5245: 5239:, p. 23; 5225: 5219:, p. 30; 5209: 5197: 5195:, p. 180. 5185: 5161: 5145: 5121: 5105: 5089: 5077: 5071:, p. 23; 5057: 5033: 5027:, p. 16; 5023:, p. 19; 5019:, p. 13; 5009: 4989: 4983:, p. 14; 4969: 4959:, p. 13; 4949: 4929: 4909: 4889: 4865: 4841: 4821: 4811:, p. 14; 4801: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4702:Vladimir Putin 4690:Justin Trudeau 4601:Wayne S. Smith 4556: 4540: 4537: 4532: 4522: 4521: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4490: 4473: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4391: 4388: 4335:Juanita Castro 4317: 4314: 4284:and briefly a 4175:Casa Americana 4163:Casa Carbonell 4116: 4113: 4109:Saddam Hussein 3968: 3965: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3722:Main article: 3719: 3716: 3675:Main article: 3672: 3669: 3657:Hassan Rouhani 3571:diverticulitis 3566: 3563: 3545:George W. Bush 3525:Aló Presidente 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3498:Varela Project 3464:Mireya Moscoso 3396: 3393: 3389:Nelson Mandela 3381:multinationals 3360:global warming 3305: 3217:Special Period 3215:Main article: 3212: 3209: 3193:Manuel Noriega 3161:, Angola, 1995 3105:Maurice Bishop 3047: 3044: 3023:Pierre Trudeau 2959: 2904:Agostinho Neto 2896:Main article: 2893: 2890: 2882: 2879: 2843:Yom Kippur War 2753:Alexei Kosygin 2735: 2732: 2708:pure communism 2665:Congo-Kinshasa 2645:Black Panthers 2598: 2566:Order of Lenin 2488: 2485: 2366: 2351:Main article: 2348: 2345: 2234:Castro at the 2227: 2226:United Nations 2224: 2126:, 5 March 1960 2097:as president. 1995: 1992: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1947: 1929: 1926: 1885:general strike 1789:mangrove swamp 1773:Sierra Maestra 1764: 1761: 1627: 1624: 1587:Sierra Maestra 1538: 1535: 1530:Main article: 1527: 1524: 1470: 1467: 1447:Vladimir Lenin 1408:class struggle 1403: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1324:Eduardo Chibás 1211:out of wedlock 1206: 1203: 1198:Main article: 1195: 1190: 1166:Vice President 1152:"—namely with 1142:Special Period 1092:and expanding 1055:Sierra Maestra 899: 898: 895: 894: 881: 880: 878: 877: 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 836: 834: 830: 829: 824: 820: 819: 812: 808: 807: 804: 800: 799: 794: 793:Branch/service 790: 789: 784: 780: 779: 775: 774: 772: 771: 764: 757: 750: 743: 736: 729: 726:Bola de Churre 721: 719: 715: 714: 707: 703: 702: 697: 693: 692: 690: 689: 686: 682: 680: 676: 675: 670: 664: 663: 661: 660: 654: 643: 641: 637: 636: 634: 633: 626: 624: 620: 619: 611:11, including 609: 605: 604: 598: 594: 593: 581: 577: 572: 571: 570: 569: 552: 548: 543: 542: 541: 540: 537: 535: 531: 530: 528: 527: 521: 515: 508: 506: 500: 499: 493: 489: 488: 482: 478: 477: 470:(aged 90) 463: 459: 458: 448:13 August 1926 437: 435: 431: 430: 426: 425: 422: 421: 416: 410: 409: 404: 398: 397: 387: 386: 383: 377: 376: 371: 365: 364: 354: 353: 343: 342: 339: 333: 332: 327: 321: 320: 318: 317: 314: 308: 306: 302: 301: 291: 290: 283: 282: 279: 273: 272: 269: 263: 262: 259: 257:Vice President 253: 252: 242: 241: 234: 233: 230: 224: 223: 218: 212: 211: 208: 205:Vice President 200: 199: 189: 188: 181: 180: 175: 169: 168: 163: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 138: 137: 131: 130: 127: 126: 117: 109: 108: 105: 98: 91: 90: 70:it, or adding 47: 45: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23178: 23167: 23164: 23162: 23159: 23157: 23154: 23152: 23149: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23137: 23134: 23132: 23129: 23127: 23124: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23112: 23109: 23107: 23104: 23102: 23099: 23097: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23067: 23064: 23062: 23059: 23057: 23054: 23052: 23049: 23047: 23044: 23042: 23039: 23037: 23034: 23032: 23029: 23027: 23024: 23022: 23019: 23017: 23014: 23012: 23009: 23007: 23004: 23002: 22999: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22984: 22982: 22979: 22977: 22974: 22972: 22969: 22968: 22966: 22959: 22953:from Wikidata 22952: 22951: 22939: 22935: 22934: 22922: 22918: 22917: 22905: 22902:from Wikinews 22901: 22900: 22888: 22884: 22883: 22871: 22870: 22867: 22861: 22853: 22843: 22841: 22831: 22829: 22819: 22818: 22815: 22796: 22793: 22791: 22788: 22786: 22783: 22782: 22779: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22757:War on terror 22755: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22734: 22732: 22728: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22658: 22656: 22652:Espionage and 22650: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22624: 22621: 22619: 22616: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22603:Andrew Thorpe 22601: 22599: 22596: 22594: 22591: 22589: 22586: 22584: 22581: 22579: 22576: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22559: 22556: 22554: 22551: 22549: 22546: 22544: 22541: 22539: 22536: 22534: 22531: 22529: 22526: 22524: 22521: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22498:Gabriel Kolko 22496: 22494: 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22479: 22476: 22474: 22471: 22469: 22466: 22464: 22463:Fred Halliday 22461: 22459: 22456: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22448:Lloyd Gardner 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22408:Norman Davies 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22393:John Costello 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22360: 22358: 22354: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22338: 22335: 22334: 22332: 22328:Technological 22326: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22307: 22304: 22301: 22299: 22298: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22286: 22282: 22281: 22279: 22275: 22269: 22268: 22264: 22262: 22259: 22257: 22256: 22252: 22250: 22249: 22245: 22243: 22240: 22238: 22237: 22233: 22231: 22230: 22226: 22224: 22223: 22219: 22217: 22214: 22213: 22211: 22209:Pro-communist 22207: 22204: 22200: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22184: 22181: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22156: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22146: 22144: 22141: 22140: 22138: 22136:Organizations 22134: 22124: 22121: 22119: 22116: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22059: 22056: 22054: 22051: 22049: 22046: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22034: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22005: 22003: 21999: 21993: 21990: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21967: 21963: 21961: 21958: 21956: 21953: 21951: 21950:Eurocommunism 21948: 21946: 21943: 21941: 21938: 21936: 21933: 21932: 21930: 21928: 21924: 21918: 21915: 21913: 21910: 21908: 21905: 21903: 21900: 21898: 21895: 21893: 21890: 21888: 21885: 21881: 21878: 21877: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21862: 21860: 21858: 21854: 21851: 21847: 21841: 21838: 21836: 21833: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21823: 21821: 21818: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21781: 21780:Domino theory 21778: 21776: 21773: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21763: 21762: 21760: 21756: 21750: 21747: 21745: 21742: 21740: 21737: 21735: 21734:South Ossetia 21732: 21730: 21727: 21725: 21722: 21720: 21717: 21715: 21712: 21711: 21709: 21707: 21703: 21697: 21694: 21690: 21687: 21686: 21685: 21682: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21645: 21642: 21641: 21639: 21635: 21629: 21626: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21616: 21614: 21611: 21609: 21606: 21604: 21601: 21599: 21596: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21564: 21561: 21559: 21556: 21554: 21551: 21549: 21546: 21544: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21528: 21524: 21521: 21519: 21518:8888 Uprising 21516: 21514: 21511: 21509: 21506: 21504: 21501: 21499: 21496: 21494: 21491: 21489: 21486: 21484: 21481: 21479: 21476: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21463:Iran–Iraq War 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21428:Falklands War 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21399: 21396: 21392: 21389: 21388: 21387: 21384: 21382: 21379: 21377: 21374: 21372: 21368: 21365: 21363: 21360: 21358: 21355: 21354: 21352: 21348: 21342: 21339: 21337: 21334: 21332: 21329: 21327: 21324: 21322: 21319: 21317: 21314: 21312: 21309: 21307: 21304: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21291:NDF Rebellion 21289: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21271:German Autumn 21269: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21254: 21252: 21251: 21246: 21244: 21241: 21239: 21236: 21234: 21231: 21229: 21226: 21224: 21221: 21219: 21216: 21214: 21211: 21209: 21206: 21204: 21201: 21199: 21196: 21194: 21191: 21189: 21186: 21184: 21181: 21179: 21176: 21174: 21171: 21169: 21166: 21164: 21161: 21159: 21158:Metapolitefsi 21156: 21154: 21151: 21149: 21146: 21144: 21141: 21139: 21136: 21134: 21131: 21129: 21126: 21124: 21121: 21119: 21116: 21114: 21111: 21109: 21106: 21104: 21101: 21099: 21096: 21094: 21091: 21089: 21086: 21084: 21081: 21079: 21076: 21074: 21071: 21069: 21066: 21064: 21061: 21059: 21056: 21054: 21053: 21049: 21047: 21044: 21042: 21039: 21037: 21034: 21032: 21029: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009: 21007: 21004: 21002: 20999: 20998: 20996: 20992: 20986: 20983: 20981: 20978: 20976: 20973: 20971: 20968: 20966: 20963: 20959: 20956: 20955: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20929: 20927: 20922: 20920: 20919:Prague Spring 20917: 20913: 20910: 20909: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20897:Al-Wadiah War 20895: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20883: 20880: 20878: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20868: 20865: 20863: 20862:12-3 incident 20860: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20833: 20830: 20828: 20825: 20823: 20820: 20818: 20815: 20813: 20810: 20808: 20805: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20791: 20788: 20787: 20786: 20783: 20781: 20778: 20776: 20773: 20771: 20768: 20766: 20763: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20719: 20716: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20705: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20694: 20691: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20671: 20667: 20664: 20663: 20662: 20659: 20655: 20652: 20651: 20650: 20647: 20645: 20642: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20630: 20627: 20625: 20622: 20621: 20619: 20615: 20609: 20606: 20602: 20599: 20598: 20597: 20594: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20562: 20559: 20557: 20554: 20552: 20549: 20547: 20544: 20542: 20541: 20536: 20533: 20529: 20527: 20524: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20512: 20509: 20506: 20502: 20500: 20497: 20495: 20492: 20490: 20487: 20485: 20482: 20480: 20477: 20475: 20472: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20462: 20460: 20459: 20454: 20452: 20449: 20447: 20444: 20442: 20441:Domino theory 20439: 20437: 20436:Petrov Affair 20434: 20432: 20429: 20427: 20424: 20422: 20419: 20417: 20414: 20412: 20409: 20407: 20404: 20402: 20399: 20397: 20394: 20392: 20389: 20387: 20384: 20382: 20379: 20377: 20374: 20373: 20371: 20367: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20344: 20341: 20340: 20339: 20336: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20313:Madiun Affair 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20279: 20276: 20274: 20273:Marshall Plan 20271: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20253: 20252: 20249: 20247: 20244: 20242: 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20181: 20176: 20174: 20173: 20168: 20166: 20165: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20142: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20122: 20117: 20115: 20114: 20109: 20108: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20083: 20081: 20077: 20071: 20068: 20066: 20063: 20061: 20058: 20056: 20053: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20036: 20033: 20031: 20030: 20026: 20024: 20023: 20022:United States 20019: 20018: 20015: 20011: 20004: 19999: 19997: 19992: 19990: 19985: 19984: 19981: 19969: 19966: 19965: 19963: 19959: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19947:Yugoslav Wars 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19937:Neo-Stalinism 19935: 19933: 19932:Neo-Sovietism 19930: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19899: 19897: 19893: 19887: 19884: 19882: 19879: 19877: 19874: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19862: 19859: 19857: 19854: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19827: 19824: 19822: 19819: 19817: 19816:Black January 19814: 19812: 19809: 19807: 19804: 19802: 19799: 19797: 19794: 19792: 19789: 19787: 19784: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19744: 19743: 19741: 19735: 19725: 19722: 19720: 19717: 19715: 19712: 19710: 19707: 19705: 19702: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19667: 19666: 19664: 19660: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19639: 19636: 19634: 19631: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19575: 19573: 19569: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19523: 19520: 19519: 19517: 19511: 19508: 19502: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19471: 19468: 19466: 19463: 19461: 19458: 19456: 19453: 19451: 19448: 19446: 19443: 19441: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19392: 19390: 19384: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19367:Ronald Reagan 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19347:Zhelyu Zhelev 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19327:Boris Yeltsin 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19307:Joachim Gauck 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19254: 19252: 19246: 19240: 19239:Strike action 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19201: 19199: 19193: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19181:Todor Zhivkov 19179: 19177: 19174: 19172: 19171:Deng Xiaoping 19169: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19098: 19096: 19090: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19038: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19028: 19026: 19022: 19016: 19013: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19001: 19000:Soviet Empire 18998: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18968: 18967: 18965: 18961:International 18959: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18889: 18887: 18881: 18877: 18870: 18865: 18863: 18858: 18856: 18851: 18850: 18847: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18800: 18797: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18767: 18765: 18762: 18760: 18757: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18740: 18737: 18735: 18732: 18730: 18727: 18725: 18722: 18720: 18717: 18715: 18712: 18710: 18707: 18705: 18702: 18700: 18697: 18695: 18692: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18681: 18678: 18674: 18667: 18662: 18660: 18655: 18653: 18648: 18647: 18644: 18632: 18624: 18622: 18614: 18612: 18604: 18603: 18600: 18584: 18581: 18580: 18579: 18576: 18572: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18564: 18560: 18557: 18556: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18541: 18539: 18537:By occupation 18535: 18529: 18526: 18524: 18521: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18440: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18428: 18418: 18415: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18397: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18344: 18341: 18339: 18336: 18335: 18334: 18331: 18329: 18326: 18324: 18321: 18317: 18314: 18313: 18312: 18309: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18297: 18296: 18295: 18292: 18288: 18285: 18284: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18249: 18247: 18243: 18239: 18236: 18234: 18230: 18218: 18215: 18214: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18180: 18179: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18157: 18156: 18153: 18152: 18149: 18146: 18144: 18140: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18112: 18110: 18106: 18100: 18097: 18096: 18094: 18090: 18083: 18082:National Army 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18054: 18052: 18048: 18040: 18037: 18036: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18023: 18020: 18019: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18006: 18003: 18002: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17984: 17981: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17970: 17969: 17966: 17964: 17961: 17959: 17956: 17954: 17951: 17949: 17946: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17935: 17932: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17919: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17870: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17858: 17846: 17842: 17838: 17834: 17830: 17826: 17822: 17821: 17820:Other cities 17819: 17815: 17812: 17811: 17810: 17807: 17806: 17804: 17800: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17745: 17743: 17739: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17697: 17692: 17690: 17687: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17670: 17667: 17665: 17662: 17661: 17659: 17655: 17652: 17650: 17646: 17642: 17638: 17631: 17626: 17624: 17619: 17617: 17612: 17611: 17608: 17596: 17593: 17592: 17590: 17586: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17566: 17564: 17562: 17556: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17529:Rivero Agüero 17527: 17525: 17524:García Montes 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17494:Prío Socarrás 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17480: 17477: 17475: 17472: 17471: 17469: 17465: 17460: 17456: 17449: 17444: 17442: 17437: 17435: 17430: 17429: 17426: 17413: 17409: 17407:‡ Provisional 17406: 17403: 17402: 17399: 17393: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17363: 17361: 17359: 17353: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17336: 17333: 17330: 17327: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17293: 17290: 17287: 17284: 17281: 17278: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17228: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17218: 17216: 17212: 17207: 17203: 17196: 17191: 17189: 17184: 17182: 17177: 17176: 17173: 17163: 17162: 17149: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17134: 17132: 17128: 17121: 17118: 17115: 17112: 17109: 17105: 17102: 17101: 17099: 17095: 17085: 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17037: 17031: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16986: 16984: 16982: 16976: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16926: 16924: 16922: 16916: 16913: 16909: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16883: 16880: 16878: 16875: 16873: 16870: 16868: 16865: 16864: 16862: 16860: 16854: 16844: 16843: 16839: 16838: 16836: 16830: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16795: 16793: 16787: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16772: 16770: 16764: 16757: 16754: 16751: 16748: 16747: 16745: 16743: 16737: 16730: 16727: 16724: 16721: 16718: 16715: 16714: 16712: 16710: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16693: 16689: 16680: 16675: 16673: 16668: 16666: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16651: 16644: 16629: 16620: 16615: 16608: 16602: 16598: 16589: 16588: 16581: 16575: 16570: 16566: 16557: 16552: 16546: 16542: 16537: 16532: 16527: 16520: 16519: 16509: 16505: 16496: 16491: 16484: 16483: 16482: 16474: 16468: 16453: 16452: 16445: 16439: 16434: 16430: 16421: 16416: 16409: 16403: 16398: 16393: 16386: 16374: 16372: 16368: 16366: 16365: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16327: 16324: 16323: 16322: 16319: 16318: 16316: 16312: 16301: 16300: 16299:The Cuba Wars 16296: 16293: 16292: 16288: 16285: 16284: 16280: 16277: 16276: 16272: 16269: 16268: 16267:Guerrilla War 16264: 16263: 16261: 16257: 16250: 16249: 16245: 16242: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16233: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16221: 16218: 16217: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16206: 16203: 16199: 16192: 16189: 16186: 16183: 16180: 16177: 16174: 16171: 16168: 16165: 16162: 16159: 16156: 16153: 16150: 16147: 16144: 16141: 16138: 16135: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16122: 16116: 16113: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16073: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16067: 16064: 16059: 16055: 16053: 16050: 16048: 16047:Participation 16045: 16044: 16043: 16040: 16038: 16035: 16034: 16032: 16028: 16024: 16017: 16012: 16010: 16005: 16003: 15998: 15997: 15994: 15988: 15984: 15981: 15976: 15975: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15964: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15953: 15948: 15945: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15918: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15885: 15879: 15864: 15858: 15854: 15853: 15847: 15843: 15837: 15833: 15832: 15826: 15822: 15816: 15811: 15810: 15803: 15799: 15793: 15789: 15788: 15782: 15781: 15770: 15764: 15760: 15755: 15740: 15736: 15732: 15728: 15727:Cuban Studies 15721: 15716: 15712: 15706: 15701: 15700: 15694: 15690: 15686: 15680: 15676: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15659: 15655: 15651: 15647: 15643: 15639: 15634: 15630: 15624: 15620: 15616: 15615:Sivak, Martín 15612: 15608: 15602: 15598: 15593: 15589: 15583: 15579: 15578:Penguin Press 15575: 15570: 15566: 15560: 15556: 15555: 15550: 15546: 15542: 15536: 15532: 15527: 15523: 15517: 15513: 15512: 15507: 15503: 15499: 15493: 15489: 15485: 15481: 15477: 15471: 15466: 15465: 15458: 15454: 15448: 15444: 15439: 15427: 15423: 15417: 15413: 15412: 15407: 15403: 15399: 15395: 15391: 15387: 15382: 15378: 15372: 15368: 15363: 15359: 15353: 15349: 15344: 15340: 15334: 15329: 15328: 15322: 15321:Gott, Richard 15318: 15314: 15308: 15304: 15303: 15297: 15293: 15287: 15283: 15278: 15274: 15272:0-19-878071-0 15268: 15263: 15259: 15253: 15248: 15247: 15240: 15236: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15218: 15214: 15202: 15198: 15194: 15190: 15186: 15181: 15177: 15173: 15168: 15167: 15160: 15156: 15150: 15145: 15144: 15138: 15134: 15130: 15124: 15120: 15115: 15111: 15105: 15101: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15081: 15080: 15074: 15070: 15066: 15060: 15056: 15052: 15048: 15044: 15038: 15034: 15033: 15027: 15015: 15011: 15007: 15003: 14999: 14994: 14993: 14981: 14976: 14960: 14956: 14952: 14946: 14939: 14934: 14918: 14914: 14908: 14906: 14889: 14885: 14881: 14875: 14859: 14855: 14848: 14841: 14836: 14829: 14825: 14820: 14804: 14800: 14796: 14790: 14774: 14770: 14764: 14757: 14752: 14750: 14742: 14737: 14730: 14725: 14718: 14713: 14706: 14701: 14694: 14689: 14682: 14677: 14670: 14665: 14658: 14654: 14649: 14633: 14629: 14628: 14623: 14616: 14600: 14596: 14592: 14586: 14579: 14574: 14558: 14554: 14547: 14540: 14535: 14528: 14523: 14517:, p. ix. 14516: 14511: 14504: 14499: 14483: 14479: 14473: 14457: 14453: 14446: 14438: 14426: 14411: 14409:1-56432-234-3 14405: 14400: 14399: 14391: 14375: 14371: 14365: 14361: 14360: 14352: 14336: 14332: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14316: 14312: 14309:(1): 93–117. 14308: 14304: 14300: 14293: 14277: 14273: 14269: 14265: 14261: 14257: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14241: 14234: 14218: 14214: 14210: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14186: 14182: 14175: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14131: 14127: 14123: 14116: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14086: 14085: 14077: 14061: 14057: 14056: 14050: 14042: 14026: 14022: 14021: 14016: 14009: 14003:, p. vi. 14002: 13997: 13990: 13985: 13983: 13975: 13970: 13968: 13960: 13955: 13949: 13933: 13926: 13919: 13914: 13908:, p. 78. 13907: 13902: 13896:, p. 76. 13895: 13890: 13888: 13881:, p. 75. 13880: 13875: 13869:, p. 73. 13868: 13863: 13856: 13851: 13835: 13831: 13827: 13820: 13814:, p. 70. 13813: 13808: 13802:, p. 69. 13801: 13796: 13780: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13764: 13757: 13741: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13724: 13716: 13714: 13707:, p. 68. 13706: 13701: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13671: 13655: 13651: 13647: 13640: 13638: 13631:, p. 67. 13630: 13625: 13618: 13613: 13607:, p. 63. 13606: 13601: 13594: 13589: 13583:, p. 62. 13582: 13577: 13571:, p. 65. 13570: 13565: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13534: 13527: 13522: 13516:, p. 94. 13515: 13510: 13503: 13498: 13482: 13478: 13474: 13468: 13461: 13456: 13454: 13447:, p. 93. 13446: 13441: 13435:, p. 40. 13434: 13429: 13427: 13420:, p. 92. 13419: 13414: 13412: 13405:, p. 42. 13404: 13399: 13392: 13387: 13371: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13355: 13348: 13343: 13336: 13331: 13325:, p. 41. 13324: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13283: 13281: 13264: 13260: 13256: 13250: 13248: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13216: 13214: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13183: 13181: 13173: 13168: 13161: 13156: 13154: 13147:, p. 83. 13146: 13141: 13135:, p. 84. 13134: 13129: 13122: 13117: 13110: 13105: 13099:, p. 10. 13098: 13093: 13087:, p. 15. 13086: 13081: 13075:, p. 14. 13074: 13069: 13062: 13057: 13051:, p. 49. 13050: 13045: 13038: 13033: 13027:, p. 80. 13026: 13021: 13015:, p. 79. 13014: 13009: 13007: 13005: 12997: 12992: 12976: 12972: 12971: 12966: 12962: 12956: 12954: 12952: 12944: 12939: 12932: 12927: 12920: 12915: 12909:, p. 56. 12908: 12903: 12896: 12891: 12884: 12879: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12842: 12838: 12833: 12826: 12821: 12814: 12809: 12802: 12797: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12766: 12750: 12746: 12742: 12735: 12728: 12724: 12719: 12713:, p. 11. 12712: 12707: 12705: 12697: 12692: 12676: 12672: 12670:9780521705691 12666: 12662: 12661: 12653: 12646: 12641: 12634: 12629: 12623:, p. 44. 12622: 12617: 12615: 12608:, p. 48. 12607: 12602: 12595: 12590: 12584:, p. 74. 12583: 12578: 12576: 12568: 12563: 12557:, p. 94. 12556: 12551: 12544: 12539: 12532: 12527: 12521:, p. 11. 12520: 12515: 12508: 12503: 12497:, p. 72. 12496: 12491: 12484: 12479: 12473:, p. 14. 12472: 12467: 12461:, p. 57. 12460: 12455: 12448: 12443: 12436: 12431: 12425:, p. 60. 12424: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12413: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12375: 12370: 12363: 12358: 12351: 12346: 12339: 12334: 12327: 12322: 12316:, p. xv. 12315: 12310: 12304:, p. 46. 12303: 12298: 12291: 12286: 12279: 12274: 12267: 12262: 12260: 12252: 12247: 12245: 12237: 12232: 12225: 12220: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12196: 12189: 12184: 12168: 12164: 12160: 12154: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12124: 12122: 12105: 12101: 12097: 12091: 12075: 12071: 12070: 12065: 12058: 12042: 12038: 12032: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12002: 11986: 11982: 11976: 11960: 11956: 11955: 11950: 11944: 11928: 11924: 11918: 11902: 11898: 11892: 11876: 11872: 11869: 11862: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11823: 11819: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11752: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11721: 11714: 11710: 11707: 11701: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11671: 11655: 11651: 11645: 11638: 11634: 11631: 11626: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11608: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11579: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11519: 11503: 11499: 11494: 11486: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11434: 11430: 11424: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11394: 11378: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11325: 11321: 11317: 11302: 11298: 11297:Diario Granma 11294: 11287: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11257: 11241: 11237: 11231: 11225:, p. 52. 11224: 11219: 11212: 11207: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11161: 11157: 11153: 11146: 11130: 11126: 11120: 11104: 11100: 11085: 11081: 11065: 11061: 11055: 11048: 11043: 11027: 11023: 11019: 11013: 11006: 11002: 10999: 10993: 10986: 10981: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10942: 10938: 10934: 10928: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10897: 10881: 10877: 10871: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10841: 10825: 10821: 10817: 10811: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10781: 10765: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10749: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10704: 10697: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10678: 10673: 10666: 10661: 10654: 10650: 10645: 10626: 10619: 10613: 10606: 10602: 10597: 10590: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10564: 10557: 10553: 10548: 10541: 10536: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10516: 10509: 10505: 10500: 10493: 10488: 10481: 10477: 10472: 10465: 10461: 10456: 10449: 10445: 10440: 10433: 10429: 10424: 10417: 10412: 10405: 10400: 10393: 10389: 10384: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10361: 10356: 10349: 10345: 10340: 10333: 10329: 10325: 10321: 10316: 10309: 10305: 10300: 10293: 10289: 10284: 10277: 10273: 10268: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10248: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10228: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10208: 10201: 10197: 10192: 10185: 10180: 10173: 10168: 10161: 10156: 10149: 10144: 10137: 10132: 10125: 10120: 10113: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10092: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10075: 10070: 10063: 10058: 10051: 10047: 10043: 10038: 10031: 10026: 10019: 10014: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9994: 9987: 9982: 9975: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9958: 9942: 9938: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9901: 9894: 9890: 9885: 9878: 9874: 9870: 9865: 9858: 9854: 9850: 9845: 9838: 9834: 9829: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9807: 9802: 9795: 9791: 9787: 9782: 9775: 9770: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9750: 9743: 9738: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9718: 9711: 9707: 9702: 9686: 9682: 9681:Chatham House 9678: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9659: 9654: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9611: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9591: 9584: 9579: 9573:, p. 31. 9572: 9567: 9560: 9555: 9553: 9545: 9540: 9533: 9528: 9521: 9516: 9509: 9505: 9500: 9493: 9489: 9484: 9478:, p. 79. 9477: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9440: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9420: 9413: 9409: 9404: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9384: 9377: 9372: 9365: 9361: 9356: 9349: 9345: 9340: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9320: 9313: 9309: 9304: 9297: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9277: 9273: 9268: 9261: 9257: 9252: 9245: 9241: 9236: 9229: 9224: 9217: 9213: 9208: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9188: 9181: 9177: 9173: 9168: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9148: 9141: 9137: 9132: 9125: 9120: 9113: 9108: 9101: 9097: 9092: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9045: 9038: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9017: 9015: 9007: 9002: 8995: 8990: 8983: 8979: 8974: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8954: 8947: 8943: 8939: 8934: 8927: 8923: 8918: 8911: 8906: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8880: 8876: 8871: 8864: 8859: 8852: 8848: 8843: 8836: 8831: 8824: 8820: 8815: 8808: 8803: 8796: 8791: 8784: 8780: 8775: 8768: 8764: 8759: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8739: 8732: 8728: 8723: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8684: 8679: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8648: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8628: 8621: 8616: 8609: 8604: 8597: 8592: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8556: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8536: 8529: 8525: 8520: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8497: 8492: 8485: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8448: 8441: 8436: 8429: 8425: 8420: 8418: 8410: 8406: 8401: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8377: 8370: 8365: 8358: 8354: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8325: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8305: 8298: 8294: 8289: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8269: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8249: 8242: 8237: 8230: 8225: 8218: 8214: 8209: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8176: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8156: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8133: 8129: 8124: 8117: 8112: 8105: 8101: 8096: 8089: 8084: 8068: 8064: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8038: 8031: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8014: 8009: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7989: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7969: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7929: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7909: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7873: 7866: 7861: 7854: 7850: 7845: 7838: 7834: 7829: 7822: 7818: 7813: 7806: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7785: 7778: 7774: 7769: 7762: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7642: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7611: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7527: 7522: 7515: 7510: 7502: 7500:9780345249814 7496: 7492: 7487: 7486: 7477: 7461: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7443: 7427: 7423: 7422: 7417: 7410: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7333: 7317: 7313: 7306: 7300:, p. 180 7299: 7294: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7263: 7258: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7227: 7222: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7202: 7196:, p. 43. 7195: 7190: 7184:, p. 63. 7183: 7178: 7172:, p. 43. 7171: 7167: 7162: 7155: 7151: 7146: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7126: 7119: 7115: 7111: 7106: 7099: 7095: 7090: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7064:, p. 58. 7063: 7058: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7038: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7018: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6958: 6951: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6922: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6810: 6808: 6800: 6796: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6757: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6733: 6728: 6726: 6718: 6714: 6709: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6669: 6653: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6629: 6621: 6616: 6610:, p. 35. 6609: 6604: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6490: 6485: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6437: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6417: 6410: 6406: 6401: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6259: 6254: 6248: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6228: 6222:, p. 86. 6221: 6217: 6212: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6185: 6181: 6176: 6169: 6165: 6160: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6140: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6120: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6057: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6031:, p. 93. 6030: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5997: 5991:, p. 90. 5990: 5986: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5955:, p. 88. 5954: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5935:, p. 87. 5934: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5915:, p. 86. 5914: 5910: 5905: 5899:, p. 84. 5898: 5894: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5876:, p. 83. 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5856:, p. 82. 5855: 5851: 5846: 5840:, p. 82. 5839: 5834: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5808:, p. 78. 5807: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5768:, p. 74. 5767: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5739: 5734: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5714: 5708:, p. 65. 5707: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5688:, p. 63. 5687: 5683: 5678: 5672:, p. 44. 5671: 5667: 5662: 5656:, p. 44. 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5616:, p. 57. 5615: 5611: 5606: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5584: 5577:, p. 44. 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5553:, p. 53. 5552: 5547: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5511: 5505:, p. 89. 5504: 5500: 5496: 5491: 5485:, p. 51. 5484: 5479: 5473:, p. 51. 5472: 5468: 5463: 5457:, p. 50. 5456: 5452: 5447: 5441:, p. 50. 5440: 5436: 5431: 5425:, p. 49. 5424: 5419: 5413:, p. 46. 5412: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5391: 5385:, p. 41. 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5367: 5361:, p. 27. 5360: 5355: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5293: 5288: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5249: 5243:, p. 31. 5242: 5238: 5234: 5229: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5207:, p. 98. 5206: 5201: 5194: 5189: 5183:, p. 39. 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5154: 5149: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5087:, p. 20. 5086: 5081: 5075:, p. 18. 5074: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5037: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5007:, p. 68. 5006: 5003:, p. 9; 5002: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4953: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4933: 4926: 4922: 4919:, p. 6; 4918: 4913: 4906: 4903:, p. 3; 4902: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4883:, p. 3; 4882: 4879:, p. 4; 4878: 4874: 4869: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4825: 4818: 4815:, p. 3; 4814: 4810: 4805: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4780: 4776: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4736: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4713:Narendra Modi 4710: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4636:Joseph Stalin 4633: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4589: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4518: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4387: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4365: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4336: 4327: 4322: 4316:Relationships 4313: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4196: 4195:Ramiro Valdes 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4082:, Bauza, and 4081: 4077: 4071: 4069: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4034: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3979: 3973: 3964: 3963:as evidence. 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945:Jesse Jackson 3941: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3922: 3921:War and Peace 3917: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3889:nom de guerre 3886: 3882: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3801:Jacobo Árbenz 3798: 3794: 3786: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3766:nationalistic 3762: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3638: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3493:Jean Chrétien 3489: 3487: 3482: 3479:, condemning 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3456: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3405:Lula da Silva 3401: 3392: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3333:biotechnology 3329: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3261:Boris Yeltsin 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197:Daniel Ortega 3194: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3160: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109:Bernard Coard 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3093:Falklands War 3090: 3085: 3083: 3078: 3072: 3070: 3069:Ronald Reagan 3066: 3062: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3032:Deng Xiaoping 3028: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2992: 2991:Arnaldo Ochoa 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2973:In 1977, the 2970: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2888: 2878: 2876: 2875:head of state 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2847:North Vietnam 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2764: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2713:Prague Spring 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2527:Ramiro Valdés 2523: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2415: 2414:Alberto Korda 2411: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2322: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2281:Todor Zhivkov 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248:Hotel Theresa 2245: 2237: 2232: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2175:nationalizing 2172: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2056:Marshall Plan 2053: 2045: 2041: 2040:René Lévesque 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2023: 2022:Richard Nixon 2019: 2015: 2011: 2005: 2001: 1990: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1925: 1922: 1921:Carlos Piedra 1918: 1917:Supreme Court 1914: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1886: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1828:Frank Sturgis 1821: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1809:Celia Sánchez 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1620:Isla de Pinos 1617: 1616: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1466: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1402: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Conservatives 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1305:and opposing 1304: 1300: 1298: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1267: 1263: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1201: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:guerrilla war 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 999: 997: 993: 989: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 945: 944: 935: 905: 896: 891: 887: 882: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 835: 831: 828: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 798: 795: 791: 788: 785: 781: 776: 769: 765: 762: 758: 755: 751: 748: 744: 741: 740:El Comandante 737: 734: 730: 727: 723: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 698: 694: 687: 684: 683: 681: 677: 674: 671: 669: 665: 659: 655: 653: 649: 645: 644: 642: 638: 631: 628: 627: 625: 621: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 599: 595: 575: 568: 567: 546: 539: 538: 536: 532: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 509: 507: 501: 497: 494: 490: 486: 483: 481:Resting place 479: 475: 464: 460: 456: 452: 436: 432: 427: 423: 420: 417: 411: 408: 405: 399: 393: 388: 384: 378: 375: 372: 366: 360: 355: 352: 344: 340: 334: 331: 328: 322: 315: 313: 310: 309: 307: 303: 297: 292: 289: 284: 280: 274: 270: 264: 260: 254: 248: 243: 240: 235: 231: 225: 222: 219: 213: 209: 206: 201: 195: 190: 187: 182: 179: 176: 170: 167: 164: 158: 154: 150: 144: 139: 136: 132: 128: 115: 110: 102: 101:El Comandante 96: 87: 77: 73: 69: 65: 59: 55: 53: 48:This article 46: 37: 36: 33: 29: 25: 23: 22:El Comandante 22971:Fidel Castro 22958: 22948: 22931: 22914: 22897: 22885:from Commons 22880: 22860:Fidel Castro 22859: 22762:Brinkmanship 22654:intelligence 22543:Marius Oprea 22493:Harvey Klehr 22423:Herbert Feis 22413:Willem Drees 22378:Archie Brown 22295: 22283: 22265: 22255:Trybuna Ludu 22253: 22246: 22242:Radio Moscow 22234: 22227: 22220: 22048:Anti-Zionism 21964: 21887:Keynesianism 21875:Conservatism 21739:Transnistria 21719:China-Taiwan 21376:Gera Demands 21249: 21050: 20925: 20730:El Porteñazo 20624:Congo Crisis 20539: 20474:Algerian War 20457: 20333:Western Bloc 20328:Eastern Bloc 20323:Iron Curtain 20179: 20171: 20163: 20140: 20120: 20112: 20029:Soviet Union 20027: 20020: 19895:Later events 19811:Malta Summit 19643:Turkmenistan 19571:Soviet Union 19557:Soviet Union 19537:East Germany 19357:Meles Zenawi 19312:Sali Berisha 19262:Václav Havel 19209:Human chains 19116:Károly Grósz 19046:Khozraschyot 18937:Nomenklatura 18912:Eastern Bloc 18793: 18713: 18458:Cape Verdean 18431:Demographics 18287:Universities 18257:Architecture 18172:Central bank 18165:Cooperatives 18108:Intelligence 17968:Human rights 17938:Constitution 17727:World War II 17695: 17595:Marrero Cruz 17568: 17548: 17544:Miró Cardona 17365: 17225: 17152: 16840: 16833:Publications 16717:Fidel Castro 16716: 16612: 16585: 16549: 16544: 16524: 16517: 16516: 16488: 16478: 16477: 16449: 16413: 16370: 16362: 16326:Robert Maheu 16297: 16289: 16281: 16273: 16265: 16246: 16238: 16230: 16222: 16214: 16023:Fidel Castro 16022: 15978:(in Spanish) 15972: 15969:Fidel Castro 15961: 15950: 15923:Fidel Castro 15915: 15866:. Retrieved 15851: 15830: 15808: 15786: 15758: 15746:. Retrieved 15739:the original 15726: 15698: 15674: 15641: 15637: 15618: 15596: 15573: 15553: 15530: 15511:Fidel Castro 15510: 15487: 15463: 15442: 15430:. Retrieved 15410: 15392:(1): 45–61. 15389: 15385: 15366: 15347: 15326: 15301: 15281: 15245: 15220: 15205:. Retrieved 15188: 15165: 15142: 15118: 15099: 15078: 15054: 15031: 15018:. Retrieved 15001: 14980:Skierka 2006 14975: 14963:. Retrieved 14954: 14945: 14938:Sampson 1999 14933: 14921:. Retrieved 14892:. Retrieved 14883: 14874: 14862:. Retrieved 14847: 14835: 14828:Coltman 2003 14819: 14807:. Retrieved 14789: 14777:. Retrieved 14763: 14741:Sondrol 1991 14736: 14729:Sondrol 1991 14724: 14717:Balfour 1995 14712: 14700: 14688: 14676: 14669:Coltman 2003 14664: 14657:Coltman 2003 14648: 14636:. Retrieved 14627:The Guardian 14625: 14615: 14603:. Retrieved 14594: 14585: 14578:Coltman 2003 14573: 14561:. Retrieved 14557:the original 14546: 14539:Balfour 1995 14534: 14529:, p. 3. 14527:Balfour 1995 14522: 14515:Balfour 1995 14510: 14505:, p. 2. 14503:Balfour 1995 14498: 14486:. Retrieved 14472: 14460:. Retrieved 14456:the original 14445: 14413:. Retrieved 14397: 14390: 14378:. Retrieved 14358: 14351: 14339:. Retrieved 14306: 14302: 14292: 14280:. Retrieved 14247: 14243: 14233: 14221:. Retrieved 14188: 14184: 14174: 14162:. Retrieved 14129: 14125: 14115: 14103:. Retrieved 14083: 14076: 14064:. Retrieved 14053: 14041: 14029:. Retrieved 14020:The Observer 14018: 14008: 14001:Balfour 1995 13996: 13991:, p. 1. 13989:Balfour 1995 13958: 13936:. Retrieved 13925: 13918:Sánchez 2015 13913: 13906:Sánchez 2015 13901: 13894:Sánchez 2015 13879:Sánchez 2015 13874: 13867:Sánchez 2015 13862: 13850: 13838:. Retrieved 13834:the original 13819: 13812:Sánchez 2015 13807: 13800:Sánchez 2015 13795: 13783:. Retrieved 13766: 13756: 13744:. Retrieved 13727: 13705:Sánchez 2015 13700: 13688:. Retrieved 13679: 13670: 13658:. Retrieved 13649: 13629:Bardach 2007 13624: 13617:Sánchez 2015 13612: 13605:Sánchez 2015 13600: 13588: 13581:Sánchez 2015 13576: 13569:Sánchez 2015 13564: 13552:. Retrieved 13543: 13533: 13528:, p. 3. 13526:Skierka 2006 13521: 13514:Sánchez 2015 13509: 13497: 13485:. Retrieved 13476: 13467: 13445:Sánchez 2015 13440: 13433:Sánchez 2015 13418:Sánchez 2015 13403:Sánchez 2015 13398: 13386: 13374:. Retrieved 13370:the original 13363: 13354: 13347:Sánchez 2015 13342: 13335:Sánchez 2015 13330: 13323:Sánchez 2015 13301:. Retrieved 13292: 13267:. Retrieved 13258: 13234:. Retrieved 13225: 13200:. Retrieved 13172:Sánchez 2015 13167: 13160:Sánchez 2015 13145:Sánchez 2015 13140: 13133:Sánchez 2015 13128: 13123:, p. 7. 13121:Sánchez 2015 13116: 13111:, p. 9. 13109:Sánchez 2015 13104: 13097:Sánchez 2015 13092: 13085:Sánchez 2015 13080: 13073:Sánchez 2015 13068: 13061:Sánchez 2015 13056: 13049:Sánchez 2015 13044: 13037:Sánchez 2015 13032: 13025:Sánchez 2015 13020: 13013:Sánchez 2015 12996:Sánchez 2015 12991: 12979:. Retrieved 12968: 12938: 12931:Sánchez 2015 12926: 12919:Sánchez 2015 12914: 12907:Sánchez 2015 12902: 12895:Sánchez 2015 12890: 12883:Sánchez 2015 12878: 12866:. Retrieved 12857: 12848: 12832: 12825:Sánchez 2015 12820: 12808: 12796: 12784:. Retrieved 12775: 12765: 12753:. Retrieved 12745:The Guardian 12744: 12734: 12723:Coltman 2003 12718: 12711:Sánchez 2015 12691: 12679:. Retrieved 12659: 12652: 12640: 12628: 12621:Sánchez 2015 12606:Sánchez 2015 12601: 12589: 12582:Sánchez 2015 12567:Balfour 1995 12562: 12550: 12543:Sondrol 1991 12538: 12526: 12514: 12507:Coltman 2003 12502: 12495:Sánchez 2015 12490: 12478: 12471:Coltman 2003 12466: 12459:Sánchez 2015 12454: 12447:Sánchez 2015 12442: 12437:, p. 5. 12435:Sánchez 2015 12430: 12423:Sánchez 2015 12399:. Retrieved 12390: 12381: 12369: 12362:Balfour 1995 12357: 12350:Sondrol 1991 12345: 12338:Sondrol 1991 12333: 12321: 12314:Skierka 2006 12309: 12302:Lecuona 1991 12297: 12285: 12273: 12251:Balfour 1995 12231: 12224:Balfour 1995 12219: 12212:Balfour 1995 12207: 12200:Sondrol 1991 12195: 12183: 12171:. Retrieved 12162: 12153: 12141:. Retrieved 12132: 12108:. Retrieved 12099: 12090: 12078:. Retrieved 12067: 12057: 12045:. Retrieved 12031: 12019:. Retrieved 12010: 12001: 11989:. Retrieved 11975: 11963:. Retrieved 11952: 11943: 11931:. Retrieved 11917: 11905:. Retrieved 11891: 11879:. 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He named 3905:Maxim Gorky 3897:Franz Kafka 3850:Biographer 3824:Personality 3809:moral evils 3609:Abel Prieto 3508:Final years 3443:including: 3437:Evo Morales 3421:Hugo Chávez 3322:Carlos Lage 3184:perestroika 3143:perestroika 3125:Sandinistas 3084:countries. 3082:Soviet bloc 2955:South Yemen 2931:Luís Cabral 2830:Warsaw Pact 2815:Vietnam War 2807:Sékou Touré 2704:Third World 2553:, visiting 2539:nuclear war 2426:Bay of Pigs 2410:Che Guevara 2402:socialist. 2133:brain drain 2113:Che Guevara 1977:Premiership 1963:fair trials 1864:Paris Match 1841:Raúl Chibás 1739:seasickness 1722:Mexico City 1656:Dostoyevsky 1644:Shakespeare 1591:martial law 1551:The Accuser 1547:El Acusador 1493:protest in 1488:, in 1938). 1486:Malin Craig 1455:anti-racist 1451:bourgeoisie 1154:Hugo Chávez 1039:Raúl Castro 973:nationalist 890:transferred 603:(1955–1959) 526:(1962–1965) 520:(1955–1962) 514:(1947–1952) 498:(from 1965) 402:Preceded by 385:Raúl Castro 369:Preceded by 325:Preceded by 281:Raúl Castro 267:Preceded by 261:Raúl Castro 232:Raúl Castro 216:Preceded by 210:Raúl Castro 178:Raúl Castro 161:Preceded by 155:Raúl Castro 123: 1959 72:subheadings 24:(TV series) 22965:Categories 22916:Quotations 22356:Historians 22347:Space Race 22248:Rudé právo 22202:Propaganda 22058:Neo-Nazism 22028:Chauvinism 21982:Trotskyism 21897:Monetarism 21865:Liberalism 21857:Capitalism 21849:Ideologies 21800:Ostpolitik 21523:Solidarity 21488:Toyota War 21391:Solidarity 21248:Operation 21203:Ogaden War 20892:Dhofar War 20780:Shifta War 20538:Operation 20386:Korean War 20178:Operation 20170:Operation 20162:Operation 20139:Operation 20119:Operation 20111:Operation 19912:Lustration 19786:Baltic Way 19737:Individual 19714:Mozambique 19653:Uzbekistan 19638:Tajikistan 19623:Kyrgyzstan 19618:Kazakhstan 19583:Azerbaijan 19562:Yugoslavia 19440:Solidarity 19400:Charter 77 19386:Opposition 19282:Wu'erkaixi 19248:Opposition 19195:Opposition 19186:Siad Barre 19131:Egon Krenz 19101:Ramiz Alia 19092:Government 19031:Uskoreniye 18963:background 18885:background 18699:Boumédiène 18544:Architects 18448:Afro-Cuban 18390:Sociolismo 18338:Newspapers 18328:Literature 18316:Censorship 18299:Healthcare 18184:(currency) 18012:Propaganda 17973:Censorship 17898:Hurricanes 17833:Guantánamo 17829:Cienfuegos 17793:Cuban thaw 17783:Maleconazo 17732:Revolution 17684:Little War 17579:Díaz-Canel 17392:Díaz-Canel 17385:Presidents 17376:Díaz-Canel 17214:Presidents 17084:8th (2021) 17079:7th (2016) 17074:6th (2011) 17069:5th (1997) 17064:4th (1991) 17059:3rd (1986) 17054:2nd (1980) 17049:1st (1975) 17024:8th (2021) 17019:7th (2016) 17014:6th (2011) 17009:5th (2006) 17004:3rd (1986) 16999:2nd (1980) 16994:1st (1975) 16969:8th (2021) 16964:7th (2016) 16959:6th (2011) 16954:5th (1997) 16949:4th (1991) 16944:3rd (1986) 16939:2nd (1980) 16934:1st (1975) 16902:8th (2021) 16897:7th (2016) 16892:6th (2011) 16887:5th (1997) 16882:4th (1991) 16877:3rd (1986) 16872:2nd (1980) 16867:1st (1975) 16622:2005–2008 16591:1979–1983 16559:1959–2008 16545:New office 16534:1976–2008 16498:1976–2008 16455:1959–1976 16423:1961–2011 16232:Comandante 16175:(daughter) 16103:Presidency 16037:Early life 15748:5 December 15291:1134269323 15109:0679720332 14923:5 December 14894:3 November 14884:EUobserver 14824:Quirk 1993 14779:5 December 14756:Quirk 1993 14681:Quirk 1993 14653:Quirk 1993 14638:5 December 14605:5 November 14563:7 November 14066:5 December 14031:5 December 14023:. London. 13593:Quirk 1993 13554:13 January 13303:11 October 13269:11 October 13236:11 October 12943:Quirk 1993 12868:13 January 12837:Quirk 1993 12813:Quirk 1993 12801:Quirk 1993 12786:14 October 12755:14 October 12696:Quirk 1993 12519:Quirk 1993 12483:Quirk 1993 12401:20 October 12236:Quirk 1993 12173:4 December 12110:4 December 11772:13 October 11764:. London. 11741:13 October 11538:28 January 11508:28 January 11500:. London. 11475:13 October 11246:8 December 11223:Sivak 2010 10800:17 October 10520:Quirk 1993 10428:Quirk 1993 10388:Quirk 1993 10372:Quirk 1993 10320:Quirk 1993 10304:Quirk 1993 10252:Quirk 1993 10232:Quirk 1993 10212:Quirk 1993 10042:Quirk 1993 10018:Quirk 1993 10002:Quirk 1993 9889:Quirk 1993 9873:Quirk 1993 9853:Quirk 1993 9833:Quirk 1993 9806:Quirk 1993 9786:Quirk 1993 9758:Quirk 1993 9742:Quirk 1993 9726:Quirk 1993 9706:Quirk 1993 9691:24 October 9658:Quirk 1993 9599:Quirk 1993 9532:Quirk 1993 9520:Quirk 1993 9504:Quirk 1993 9488:Quirk 1993 9448:Quirk 1993 9428:Quirk 1993 9412:Quirk 1993 9392:Quirk 1993 9376:Quirk 1993 9364:Quirk 1993 9344:Quirk 1993 9328:Quirk 1993 9308:Quirk 1993 9292:Quirk 1993 9276:Quirk 1993 9256:Quirk 1993 9240:Quirk 1993 9216:Quirk 1993 9196:Quirk 1993 9176:Quirk 1993 9156:Quirk 1993 9136:Quirk 1993 9124:Quirk 1993 9112:Quirk 1993 9096:Quirk 1993 9053:Quirk 1993 9037:Quirk 1993 9021:Quirk 1993 8962:Quirk 1993 8942:Quirk 1993 8910:Quirk 1993 8875:Quirk 1993 8863:Quirk 1993 8851:Quirk 1993 8819:Quirk 1993 8807:Quirk 1993 8795:Quirk 1993 8783:Quirk 1993 8767:Quirk 1993 8747:Quirk 1993 8731:Quirk 1993 8711:Quirk 1993 8636:Quirk 1993 8564:Quirk 1993 8544:Quirk 1993 8524:Quirk 1993 8500:Quirk 1993 8480:Quirk 1993 8460:Quirk 1993 8456:Geyer 1991 8440:Quirk 1993 8409:Quirk 1993 8405:Geyer 1991 8389:Quirk 1993 8385:Geyer 1991 8353:Quirk 1993 8333:Quirk 1993 8313:Quirk 1993 8297:Quirk 1993 8277:Quirk 1993 8257:Quirk 1993 8229:Quirk 1993 8217:Quirk 1993 8213:Geyer 1991 8198:9 November 8164:Quirk 1993 8148:Quirk 1993 8128:Quirk 1993 8116:Quirk 1993 8104:Quirk 1993 8046:Quirk 1993 7997:Quirk 1993 7977:Quirk 1993 7957:Quirk 1993 7937:Quirk 1993 7917:Quirk 1993 7901:Quirk 1993 7833:Quirk 1993 7801:Quirk 1993 7777:Quirk 1993 7738:Quirk 1993 7559:Daily News 7526:Quirk 1993 7514:Quirk 1993 7451:Quirk 1993 7432:27 January 7398:Quirk 1993 7282:Quirk 1993 7266:Quirk 1993 7246:Quirk 1993 7230:Quirk 1993 7210:Quirk 1993 7134:Quirk 1993 7114:Quirk 1993 7078:Quirk 1993 7046:Quirk 1993 7026:Quirk 1993 7006:Quirk 1993 6986:Quirk 1993 6966:Quirk 1993 6946:Quirk 1993 6930:Quirk 1993 6818:Quirk 1993 6795:Quirk 1993 6763:Quirk 1993 6697:Quirk 1993 6677:Quirk 1993 6639:Quirk 1993 6620:Quirk 1993 6592:Quirk 1993 6569:Quirk 1993 6537:Quirk 1993 6517:Quirk 1993 6457:Quirk 1993 6441:Quirk 1993 6425:Quirk 1993 6389:Quirk 1993 6369:Quirk 1993 6333:Quirk 1993 6313:Quirk 1993 6289:Quirk 1993 6258:La Jornada 6236:Quirk 1993 6220:Quirk 1993 6200:Quirk 1993 6148:Quirk 1993 6128:Quirk 1993 6108:Quirk 1993 6085:Quirk 1993 6065:Quirk 1993 6045:Quirk 1993 6025:Quirk 1993 6005:Quirk 1993 5985:Quirk 1993 5965:Quirk 1993 5949:Quirk 1993 5929:Quirk 1993 5893:Quirk 1993 5870:Quirk 1993 5850:Quirk 1993 5822:Quirk 1993 5702:Quirk 1993 5682:Quirk 1993 5646:Quirk 1993 5626:Quirk 1993 5610:Quirk 1993 5594:Quirk 1993 5535:Quirk 1993 5519:Quirk 1993 5451:Quirk 1993 5375:Quirk 1993 5359:Quirk 1993 5311:Quirk 1993 5257:Quirk 1993 5237:Quirk 1993 5173:Quirk 1993 5133:Quirk 1993 5069:Quirk 1993 5045:Quirk 1993 5021:Quirk 1993 4997:Quirk 1993 4981:Quirk 1993 4957:Quirk 1993 4917:Quirk 1993 4877:Quirk 1993 4853:Quirk 1993 4767:References 4717:Jacob Zuma 4709:Xi Jinping 4696:president 4628:Mao Zedong 4543:See also: 4517:Comandante 4483:Cubavisión 4466:Punto Cero 4405:sex symbol 4309:Swiss bank 4267:pata negra 4263:Punto Cero 4246:gastronomy 4235:Pioniera I 4211:Aquarama I 4147:Punto Cero 4121:Punto Cero 4019:Comandante 4010:logorrheic 4003:Benny Moré 3999:El Caballo 3991:Comandante 3840:egocentric 3828:See also: 3661:Shinzo Abe 3648:Cuban Thaw 3285:Zapatistas 3237:José Martí 2983:Siad Barre 2975:Ogaden War 2881:Presidency 2584:Revolución 2562:Red Square 2531:quarantine 2399:false flag 2357:See also: 2115:(center), 1797:encampment 1750:Frank País 1571:José Martí 1495:Cienfuegos 1457:campaign. 1376:Juan Perón 1311:Ramón Grau 1237:, then in 1118:Yom Kippur 1094:healthcare 1081:—in 1962. 971:and Cuban 870:Ogaden War 783:Allegiance 747:El guajiro 733:El Caballo 688:politician 679:Occupation 668:Alma mater 444:1926-08-13 68:condensing 22840:Communism 22828:Biography 22643:Ken Young 22488:Tony Judt 22337:Arms race 22310:Red Scare 22178:NN States 22123:Apartheid 22078:Autocracy 21987:Stalinism 21955:Guevarism 21945:Castroism 21935:Communism 21927:Socialism 21453:Star Wars 21046:Koza riot 20172:Beleaguer 20164:Masterdom 19952:Pink tide 19746:Jeltoqsan 19662:Elsewhere 19613:Lithuania 19465:Rastokhez 19405:New Forum 19388:movements 19287:Chai Ling 18897:Communism 18799:R. Castro 18794:F. Castro 18714:F. Castro 18704:Gopallawa 18375:Rationing 18360:Festivals 18304:Hospitals 18282:Education 18212:Transport 18084:(defunct) 18072:Air Force 18005:President 17958:Elections 17883:Provinces 17861:Geography 17574:R. Castro 17569:F. Castro 17549:F. Castro 17504:de Varona 17404:* Interim 17371:R. Castro 17366:F. Castro 16920:Politburo 16775:Politburo 16145:(brother) 16139:(brother) 15878:cite book 15735:1548-2464 15666:144333167 15010:1552-678X 14840:Gott 2004 14809:7 October 14435:ignored ( 14425:cite book 14331:146645252 14323:1351-0347 14272:153348631 14264:0022-0094 14213:225096277 14205:0043-8871 14154:144107918 14146:1581-1980 13938:16 August 13840:10 August 13775:1134-6582 13736:0307-1235 12841:Gott 2004 12727:Gott 2004 12266:Gott 2004 11070:27 August 10653:Gott 2004 10572:Gott 2004 10556:Gott 2004 10528:Gott 2004 10508:Gott 2004 10480:Gott 2004 10464:Gott 2004 10448:Gott 2004 10348:Gott 2004 10332:Gott 2004 10292:Gott 2004 10276:Gott 2004 10260:Gott 2004 10240:Gott 2004 10220:Gott 2004 10200:Gott 2004 10050:Gott 2004 9794:Gott 2004 7465:29 August 6870:153870795 6862:1468-2745 4772:Citations 4458:policies. 4140:'s house 4115:Lifestyle 4080:H. Upmann 4047:guayabera 4008:With his 3949:Methodist 3885:Alejandro 3785:fidelista 3746:Socialist 3738:pink tide 3624:statesman 3611:told the 3409:Pink Tide 3300:a stadium 3130:In 1985, 2768:Politburo 2667:to train 2641:Viet Cong 2637:Argentina 2481:Blas Roca 2422:Nicaragua 2256:Malcolm X 2194:La Coubre 2185:La Coubre 2124:explosion 2122:La Coubre 1439:Karl Marx 1172:in 2008. 1150:pink tide 1110:Nicaragua 1098:education 996:socialist 985:one-party 965:president 806:1953–2016 768:Pistolita 718:Nicknames 706:Signature 700:Full list 640:Relatives 392:In office 359:In office 305:President 296:In office 286:15th 247:In office 237:15th 194:In office 184:15th 143:In office 76:talk page 64:splitting 62:Consider 22795:Timeline 22785:Category 22730:See also 22222:Izvestia 22063:Islamism 21960:Hoxhaism 21835:Rollback 21714:Abkhazia 21654:Gulf War 21558:Glasnost 20928:incident 20698:Sand War 20556:Ifni War 20065:Rio Pact 20010:Cold War 19709:Mongolia 19704:Ethiopia 19689:Cambodia 19593:Chechnya 19527:Bulgaria 19302:Tank Man 19292:Wang Dan 19277:Liu Gang 19234:Samizdat 19229:Protests 19068:Glasnost 19051:500 Days 18975:Cold War 18883:Internal 18789:Abdullah 18784:Mahathir 18769:Pastrana 18734:Drnovšek 18611:Category 18571:abstract 18566:Painters 18554:Athletes 18513:Lebanese 18498:Japanese 18473:Filipino 18453:American 18405:Baseball 18380:Religion 18323:Language 18311:Internet 18050:Military 17922:Politics 17841:Matanzas 17825:Camagüey 17814:Timeline 17712:Republic 17664:Timeline 17641:articles 17484:Alliegro 17346:Dorticós 17329:Alliegro 17298:M. Gómez 17286:Mendieta 17259:Céspedes 17233:J. Gómez 17160:Category 17137:Fidelism 17130:Ideology 16858:Congress 16348:Politics 16193:(nephew) 16151:(sister) 16133:(father) 16030:Timeline 15952:BBC News 15695:(2011). 15617:(2010). 15551:(1999). 15508:(1993). 15426:Archived 15398:20751650 15323:(2004). 15219:(1997). 15201:Archived 15197:61312828 15139:(2003). 15075:(1986). 15053:(2007). 15014:Archived 14959:Archived 14955:BBC News 14917:Archived 14888:Archived 14858:Archived 14803:Archived 14773:Archived 14632:Archived 14599:Archived 14595:BBC News 14488:6 August 14482:Archived 14462:25 March 14415:7 August 14374:Archived 14335:Archived 14276:Archived 14217:Archived 14158:Archived 14099:Archived 14060:Archived 14025:Archived 13959:CANF.org 13948:cite web 13779:Archived 13740:Archived 13684:Archived 13680:BBC News 13654:Archived 13548:Archived 13481:Archived 13297:Archived 13263:Archived 13230:Archived 13196:Archived 12975:Archived 12862:Archived 12858:BBC News 12780:Archived 12749:Archived 12675:Archived 12395:Archived 12391:BBC News 12167:Archived 12163:BBC News 12137:Archived 12133:BBC News 12104:Archived 12074:Archived 12041:Archived 12015:Archived 11985:Archived 11959:Archived 11927:Archived 11901:Archived 11875:Archived 11845:Archived 11796:Archived 11766:Archived 11709:Archived 11690:20 April 11660:19 April 11633:Archived 11610:Archived 11599:16 March 11593:Archived 11562:Archived 11558:BBC News 11532:Archived 11528:BBC News 11502:Archived 11439:16 March 11407:Archived 11403:BBC News 11377:Archived 11373:BBC News 11324:Archived 11320:BBC News 11301:Archived 11270:Archived 11240:Archived 11196:21 April 11190:Archived 11186:BBC News 11166:28 April 11160:Archived 11129:Archived 11109:14 April 11090:14 April 11026:Archived 11022:BBC News 11001:Archived 10964:Archived 10960:BBC News 10941:Archived 10937:BBC News 10911:Archived 10907:BBC News 10854:Archived 10850:BBC News 10824:Archived 10820:BBC News 10794:Archived 10764:Archived 10759:BBC News 9941:Archived 9915:Archived 9685:Archived 9637:Archived 9075:Archived 9073:. FBIS. 8897:Newsweek 8668:23 April 8662:Archived 8192:Archived 8067:Archived 7885:Ros 2006 7713:Archived 7687:Archived 7657:Archived 7625:Archived 7594:Archived 7569:19 March 7563:Archived 7426:Archived 7379:20 March 7373:Archived 7352:20 March 7346:Archived 7316:Archived 6905:Archived 6874:Archived 6658:9 August 6264:Archived 4833:Archived 4787:Archived 4784:"Castro" 4743:In this 4573:Observer 4286:ZIL-4104 4259:bouillon 4187:Camagüey 4151:Unit 160 4084:Partagás 3940:baptized 3793:caudillo 3754:Leninist 3752:, and a 3734:Mercosur 3718:Ideology 3704:cremated 3481:Al-Qaeda 3449:Suriname 3411:" leader 3349:Santería 3137:glasnost 2937:against 2776:Alpha 66 2653:Sand War 2614:Newsweek 2473:Cárdenas 2148:Cold War 2044:Montreal 1685:caudillo 1603:Ortodoxo 1509:Ortodoxo 1504:Ortodoxo 1388:Liberals 1343:Martí-an 1295:violent 1293:and the 1255:baptized 1247:Canarian 1079:Cold War 1023:Colombia 1001:Born in 632:(father) 617:Fidelito 608:Children 52:too long 22814:Portals 22285:Amerika 22168:Comecon 22053:Fascism 22043:Zionism 21992:Titoism 21533:Contras 21001:Détente 20278:Comecon 19961:Related 19719:Somalia 19648:Ukraine 19628:Moldova 19603:Georgia 19598:Estonia 19588:Belarus 19578:Armenia 19552:Romania 19542:Hungary 19522:Albania 19430:Sąjūdis 19250:leaders 19197:methods 19094:leaders 19083:Đổi Mới 19024:Reforms 18824:Rouhani 18809:Tantawi 18804:Mubarak 18774:Mandela 18759:Suharto 18621:Outline 18578:Writers 18549:Artists 18523:Spanish 18518:Mexican 18493:Italian 18488:Isleños 18483:Haitian 18468:Ciboney 18463:Chinese 18272:Cuisine 18245:Society 18233:Culture 18217:airline 18207:Tourism 18143:Economy 17888:Islands 17837:Holguín 17674:Slavery 17649:History 17519:Batista 17412:Domingo 17341:Urrutia 17323:Batista 17308:Batista 17253:Herrera 17248:Machado 17221:Estrada 16513:Himself 16460:Himself 16373:(yacht) 16364:My Life 16187:(niece) 16163:(lover) 16066:Primacy 15432:17 July 14856:. CNN. 14380:17 July 13830:Reuters 13767:El País 13690:4 March 13259:infobae 12100:Fortune 12080:25 July 12021:4 March 11871:Reuters 11731:Reuters 11680:Reuters 11568:20 June 11465:Reuters 11343:Reuters 11266:Reuters 11156:Reuters 10634:25 June 9976:, p.22. 9947:4 March 7719:5 April 7693:5 April 7663:4 March 7631:4 March 7600:4 March 6911:4 March 4749:surname 4364:Escolta 4359:anillos 4351:Escolta 4343:El Once 4282:ZIL-114 4278:ZIL-111 4132:or the 4105:Sukarno 3995:El Jefe 3750:Marxist 3549:atheist 3532:of the 3337:tourism 3239:in 2003 3101:Grenada 2941:in the 2914:in the 2822:Algiers 2643:to the 2629:Bolivia 2551:U Thant 2416:in 1961 2238:in 1960 2071:Sukarno 1805:mayoral 1652:Maugham 1435:Marxist 1299:culture 1227:Galicia 1114:Grenada 1102:Marxist 1007:leftist 979:of the 754:El loco 658:Juanita 590: 582: 578: 565: 553: 549: 534:Spouses 455:Oriente 118:Castro 50:may be 22236:Pravda 22038:Racism 21977:Maoism 21729:Kosovo 21250:Condor 20926:Pueblo 20912:May 68 20540:Gladio 20458:Tuapse 20121:Jungle 20113:Priboi 19739:events 19674:Angola 19633:Russia 19608:Latvia 19547:Poland 19504:Events 19156:Ne Win 18834:Aliyev 18829:Maduro 18764:Samper 18749:Kostić 18729:Mugabe 18694:Kaunda 18689:Nasser 18508:Korean 18503:Jewish 18478:French 18443:Cubans 18410:Boxing 18294:Health 18267:Cigars 18262:Cinema 17903:Rivers 17873:Cities 17802:Cities 17639: 17479:Zaydín 17335:Piedra 17303:Laredo 17292:Barnet 17238:García 17122:(OPJM) 16842:Granma 16371:Granma 16302:(2008) 16294:(2006) 16286:(2006) 16278:(2003) 16270:(1987) 16251:(2006) 16243:(2004) 16235:(2003) 16227:(2002) 16219:(2001) 16157:(wife) 16124:Family 15902:C-SPAN 15868:22 May 15859: 15838: 15817: 15794: 15765: 15733: 15707: 15681: 15664: 15658:157386 15656: 15625: 15603: 15584: 15561: 15537: 15518: 15494: 15472: 15449: 15418: 15396: 15373: 15354: 15335: 15309: 15288: 15269: 15254: 15231: 15195: 15176:485708 15174: 15151: 15125: 15106: 15087: 15061: 15039: 15032:Castro 15008: 14965:21 May 14864:23 May 14406: 14366: 14329: 14321: 14270: 14262: 14211: 14203: 14152: 14144: 14091: 13773: 13734: 13487:31 May 13293:Clarín 12981:15 May 12681:23 May 12667: 11307:20 May 11276:1 July 11032:21 May 10970:19 May 10947:19 May 10917:21 May 10886:11 May 10860:21 May 10830:21 May 10770:20 May 9921:23 May 7497: 6868: 6860: 4753:Castro 4642:, and 4551:, and 4478:Granma 4355:MININT 4301:Forbes 4223:Angola 4107:, and 4088:Cohiba 4042:MINFAR 3930:Granma 3903:, and 3689:, Cuba 3575:Granma 3292:hosted 3159:Lobito 3061:lumpen 2979:Ogaden 2939:RENAMO 2908:Angola 2589:Granma 2575:Pravda 2499:, and 2440:: the 2252:Harlem 1919:judge 1785:Granma 1754:Granma 1743:Granma 1735:Tuxpan 1730:Granma 1696:named 1654:, and 1648:Munthe 1445:, and 1372:Bogotá 1283:Havana 1273:, 1943 1260:Jesuit 1124:, and 1122:Ogaden 1112:, and 994:, and 696:Awards 685:Lawyer 623:Parent 518:M-26-7 476:, Cuba 474:Havana 457:, Cuba 152:Deputy 22933:Texts 22882:Media 22721:Stasi 22188:SAARC 22183:ASEAN 22148:SEATO 22001:Other 21966:Juche 21724:Korea 21637:1990s 21350:1980s 20994:1970s 20617:1960s 20369:1950s 20079:1940s 20060:NEATO 20055:SEATO 20045:ANZUS 19694:China 19684:Burma 19679:Benin 18814:Morsi 18779:Mbeki 18754:Ćosić 18744:Mesić 18739:Jović 18724:Singh 18719:Reddy 18631:Index 18583:women 18528:White 18417:Women 18395:Sport 18370:Radio 18350:Music 18333:Media 18277:Dance 18182:Peso 17696:Maine 17539:Güell 17274:Hevia 17243:Zayas 17116:(FMC) 16338:Birán 16314:Other 16259:Other 16224:Fidel 16208:Films 16181:(son) 15742:(PDF) 15723:(PDF) 15662:S2CID 15654:JSTOR 15394:JSTOR 14327:S2CID 14268:S2CID 14209:S2CID 14150:S2CID 12011:Tvi24 10628:(PDF) 10621:(PDF) 6866:S2CID 4731:Notes 4305:CIMEX 4299:The " 4138:Vilma 3797:Perón 3788:' 3782:' 3700:Ramón 3694:[ 3671:Death 2924:UNITA 2395:B-26s 2211:Mafia 2167:Shell 1757:' 1746:' 1636:Freud 1427:' 1241:(now 1235:Birán 1231:Spain 1225:from 1106:Chile 1003:Birán 943:-troh 652:Ramón 613:Alina 584:( 580: 555:( 551: 524:PURSC 512:PPC-O 451:Birán 22950:Data 22899:News 22852:Cuba 22261:TASS 22153:METO 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