1442:
47:
1404:
1160:
1370:
1461:
1353:
2287:
1387:
1104:. There is no evidence of conflict at that time however, and the settling of the Canaanite populations could have occurred rather peacefully in the power vacuum left by the disintegration of the Fourteenth Dynasty. Subsequent relations with Egyptian polities, however, were marked with violent conflict.
1145:
was traditionally used to designate foreign chieftains, and more specifically "rulers of the
Asiatics", already before the Fifteenth Dynasty and also after it. It was not an official title of the rulers of the Fifteenth dynasty, and is never encountered together with royal titulature, except in one
1514:
that these prenomens all refer to one man: Apepi I, who ruled Egypt for 40+X years. This is also supported by this king's employment of a third prenomen during his reign: Nebkhepeshre. Apophis likely employed different prenomens over the course of several periods of his reign. This scenario is not
1150:
is thought to have used the title "Hyksos" early in his reign, and then abandoned it for traditional
Egyptian titulature when he invaded the whole of Egypt. Only the first four kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty are known to have used the naming "Hyksos", and after that royal titulature becomes purely
1146:
rare instance in an inscription from Tell el-Dab'a mentioning an unknown king and describing him as a Hyksos. "Hyksos" was rather a generic term which is encountered separately from royal titulature, and in regnal lists after the end of the
Fifteenth Dynasty itself. In another instance,
1077:)". The kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty formed "the second Asiatic Kingdom in the Delta", covering an area which may have included Canaan itself, although the archaeological record is sparse. The dynasty probably lasted for a period of about 108 years.
1229:. All of this is contested however. For Alexander Ilin-Tomich, the territory directly ruled by the Hyksos kings of Avaris was likely confined to the eastern Delta and the nature and extent of their control over Middle Egypt remains unclear.
1264:, bronze, axes without number, oil, incense, fat and honey". The Fifteenth Dynasty also exported large quantities of material looted from southern Egypt, especially Egyptian sculptures, to the areas of Canaan and
2348:
2343:
1252:. Trade with Canaan is said to have been "intensive", especially with many imports of Canaanite wares, and may have reflected the Canaanite origins of the dynasty. According to the
1484:, without control of the entire land. The Hyksos preferred to stay in northern Egypt since they infiltrated from the north-east. The names and order of kings are uncertain. The
1375:
Mentioned on the Turin king list. According to Ryholt, he was an early Hyksos ruler, possibly the second king of the dynasty; von
Beckerath assigns him to the 16th dynasty.
1358:
Mentioned on the Turin king list. According to Ryholt, he was an early Hyksos ruler, possibly the first king of the dynasty; von
Beckerath assigns him to the 16th dynasty.
224:
199:
185:
171:
157:
1016:
2378:
1221:. The Abydos Dynasty also vanished on the occasion of these southern conquests. Numerous monuments from conquered areas were brought north to the capital of
1337:
as first king of the dynasty; currently unidentified with any known archaeologically attested person. Ruled for 19 years according to
Manetho, as quoted by
2373:
1292:". The dynasty is recorded as having destroyed Egyptian monuments and removed Egyptian statuary for booty, as well as plundering royal tombs,
1009:
2383:
17:
1002:
1284:
The relation of the
Fifteenth Dynasty to Egyptian religious traditions was ambiguous, and they are said by commentators from the
2291:
2142:
2115:
2088:
2056:
2007:
1980:
1948:
1916:
1880:
1850:
1823:
1796:
1764:
1737:
1710:
1680:
1653:
1615:
1555:
1209:
The
Fifteenth Dynasty at one point, after a period of about 20 years since its foundation, extended its rule as far south as
2209:
2388:
2358:
2338:
2244:
1050:
536:
100:
2310:
1130:
by the
Egyptians, which was also the term used to designate the inhabitants of Syria and the Levant, or the enemies of
678:
396:
2368:
2363:
2272:
2202:
1588:
1488:
indicates that there were six Hyksos kings, with an obscure
Khamudi listed as the final king of the 15th Dynasty.
788:
46:
1502:
Some scholars argue there were two Apophis kings named Apepi, but this is primarily because there are two known
990:
804:
726:
700:
243:
890:
844:
817:
774:
743:
739:
713:
687:
270:
765:
601:
2303:
1101:
644:
631:
545:
515:
217:
176:
162:
1198:
at Memphis. As Egyptian political power disintegrated at Memphis, new dynasties arose in the south, the
2320:
1511:
830:
657:
576:
247:
489:
458:
80:
1441:
502:
405:
1093:
479:
418:
349:
306:
2190:
1049:. The 15th, 16th, and 17th Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title,
444:
431:
375:
362:
336:
290:
2176:
2175:, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997,
2132:
2105:
2078:
2046:
1997:
1970:
1938:
1906:
1870:
1840:
1813:
1786:
1754:
1727:
1700:
1670:
1605:
1545:
1268:. These transfers of Egyptian artifacts to the Near East may especially be attributed to king
190:
1643:
622:
327:
8:
2134:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
2107:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
2080:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1999:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1972:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1940:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1908:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1842:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1788:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1756:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1729:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1702:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1672:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1645:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1580:
1573:
1547:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, C. 1800-1550 B.C.
1179:
1411:
Khyan's eldest son, possibly at the origin of the mention of a king Iannas in Manetho's
1285:
1195:
1096:), led his people into an occupation of the Nile Delta area and settled his capital at
868:
2268:
2198:
2138:
2111:
2084:
2052:
2003:
1976:
1944:
1912:
1876:
1846:
1819:
1792:
1760:
1733:
1706:
1676:
1649:
1611:
1584:
1551:
1190:, where it replaced the Fourteenth Dynasty, the Fifteenth Dynasty expanded to occupy
1171:
984:
955:
279:
90:
70:
2260:
Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period
1135:
1232:
The Fifteenth Dynasty eventually ended with the conquest of Avaris by the Pharaoh
2353:
2213:
2206:
1497:
1485:
1435:
1269:
1226:
1191:
1164:
1070:
945:
1214:
1199:
1175:
877:
589:
204:
2197:, Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : P. von Zabern, 1999,
2332:
1516:
1210:
1203:
1138:. This has generally been translated as "Western Asiatics" by Egyptologists.
1034:
921:
260:
251:
2024:
1182:, with short intervals of peace during which there were some relations with
1403:
1257:
1369:
1170:
Regular conflicts continued with the Egyptian dynasties to the south, the
1159:
1520:
1460:
1046:
911:
2167:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period,
1256:
stelae, the Hyksos imported "charriots and horses, ships, timber, gold,
2227:
The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period
2162:
1507:
1506:
for this king: Awoserre and Aqenenre. However, the Danish Egyptologist
1187:
1123:
1527:, are known to have used two different prenomens during their reigns.
1503:
1419:
1352:
1261:
1131:
1363:
1338:
1293:
1233:
1225:, and many were marked with additional inscriptions, especially by
1089:
1073:, one of the kings of the dynasty, as "Chieftain of Retjenu (i.e.
1045:
from West Asia whose people had invaded the country and conquered
1524:
1454:
1397:
1334:
1326:
1038:
1244:
The trading relations of the Fifteenth Dynasty were mainly with
2286:
1481:
1477:
1427:
1346:
1273:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1222:
1119:
1113:
1097:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1042:
562:
60:
1515:
without precedent or parallel, since several kings, including
1473:
1380:
1265:
1218:
1183:
1147:
1053:. The 15th Dynasty dates approximately from 1650 to 1550 BC.
2349:
States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC
2247:
University College London; scroll down to the 15th dynasty
2344:
States and territories established in the 17th century BC
1061:
The kings of the Fifteenth Dynasty are said to have been
1386:
1289:
1217:. The whole of Egypt was conquered during the reign of
2130:
2103:
2076:
1995:
1968:
1936:
1904:
1838:
1784:
1752:
1725:
1698:
1668:
1641:
1543:
1572:
1304:Known rulers of the 15th Dynasty are as follows:
1296:complaining that "pyramids have been torn down".
2330:
2131:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
2104:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
2077:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1996:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1969:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1937:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1905:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1839:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1785:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1753:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1726:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1699:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1669:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1642:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1544:Ryholt, K. S. B.; Bülow-Jacobsen, Adam (1997).
1426:Named as an Hyksos king on a doorjamb found at
1491:
1010:
2379:2nd-millennium BC disestablishments in Egypt
2137:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 145–148.
2083:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 138–139.
2022:
1975:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 132–133.
1911:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 123–124.
1705:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 131–132.
1550:Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 303–304.
1017:
1003:
45:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
2235:by Museum Tuscalanum Press. 1997. p. 125
2040:
2038:
1864:
1862:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1694:
1692:
1158:
2374:17th-century BC establishments in Egypt
2245:Kings of the Second Intermediate Period
2186:
2184:
1564:
14:
2331:
2151:
2124:
2110:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 141.
2065:
2002:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 133.
1989:
1957:
1943:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 125.
1925:
1889:
1832:
1791:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 119.
1759:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 130.
1732:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 118.
1675:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 126.
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1603:
1288:that "they ruled without ackowledging
1213:, entering into conflict with Pharaoh
985:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
2035:
1859:
1773:
1746:
1719:
1689:
1662:
1597:
1154:
2195:Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen
2181:
2044:
1868:
1811:
1648:Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 5.
1610:. Infobase Publishing. p. 110.
1570:
1080:The first king, also described as a
2048:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1872:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1815:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1624:
1579:. Oxford University Press. p.
1575:The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt
1186:. Soon after the occupation of the
1056:
101:Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
24:
1402:
51:Egypt during the Fifteenth Dynasty
25:
2400:
2384:16th-century BC disestablishments
2279:
1100:. These events put an end to the
2285:
2051:. OUP Oxford. pp. 182–183.
1459:
1440:
1385:
1368:
1351:
222:
197:
183:
169:
155:
2254:
2238:
2219:
2177:excerpts available online here.
2097:
2029:UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
2023:Ilin-Tomich, Alexander (2016).
2016:
1875:. OUP Oxford. pp. 274 ff.
1805:
2267:" by Museum Tuscalanum Press (
1537:
1510:maintains in his study of the
991:Periodization of ancient Egypt
13:
1:
2261:
2228:
2168:
1607:Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
1530:
1202:and the Sixteenth Dynasty at
1194:, leading to the fall of the
1069:is known to have referred to
298:
2025:"Second Intermediate Period"
7:
1818:. OUP Oxford. p. 180.
1492:Number of kings named Apepi
1279:
1107:
1102:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
218:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
177:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
163:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10:
2405:
2389:2nd millennium BC in Egypt
2359:Dynasties of ancient Egypt
2339:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
1512:Second Intermediate Period
1495:
1430:. Regnal order uncertain.
1276:were also very important.
1111:
1051:Second Intermediate Period
34:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
18:Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt
2317:
2308:
2300:
1845:Museum Tusculanum Press.
1604:Bunson, Margaret (2014).
1299:
1033:was a foreign dynasty of
134:
130:
120:
110:
106:
96:
86:
81:ancient Egyptian religion
76:
66:
56:
44:
39:
32:
2369:16th century BC in Egypt
2364:17th century BC in Egypt
1239:
27:Ancient Egyptian dynasty
1571:Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).
1272:. Trade relations with
1407:
1167:
1163:Dagger in the name of
789:Twenty-seventh Dynasty
122:• Disestablished
2292:15th dynasty of Egypt
2265: 1800-1550 B.C.
2232: 1800-1550 B.C.
2216:see p. 120–121.
1480:dynasty, ruling from
1406:
1162:
922:Thirty-fourth Dynasty
878:Thirty-second Dynasty
805:Twenty-eighth Dynasty
727:Twenty-fourth Dynasty
701:Twenty-second Dynasty
191:16th Dynasty of Egypt
67:Common languages
2294:at Wikimedia Commons
2191:Jürgen von Beckerath
1472:The 15th Dynasty of
1037:. It was founded by
956:Thirty-fifth Dynasty
891:Thirty-third Dynasty
847:(2nd Persian Period)
845:Thirty-first Dynasty
818:Twenty-ninth Dynasty
791:(1st Persian Period)
775:Twenty-sixth Dynasty
740:Twenty-fifth Dynasty
714:Twenty-third Dynasty
688:Twenty-first Dynasty
2172: 1800–1550 BC
1321:Dates and comments
1311:
1180:Seventeenth Dynasty
602:Seventeenth Dynasty
537:Second Intermediate
280:Pre-dynastic period
112:• Established
2304:Fourteenth Dynasty
2212:2015-12-22 at the
2045:Shaw, Ian (2003).
1869:Shaw, Ian (2003).
1812:Shaw, Ian (2003).
1408:
1307:
1286:Eighteenth Dynasty
1196:Thirteenth Dynasty
1168:
1155:Territorial extent
679:Third Intermediate
645:Nineteenth Dynasty
632:Eighteenth Dynasty
546:Fourteenth Dynasty
516:Thirteenth Dynasty
397:First Intermediate
40:1650 BC–c. 1550 BC
2327:
2326:
2321:Sixteenth Dynasty
2318:Succeeded by
2290:Media related to
2144:978-87-7289-421-8
2117:978-87-7289-421-8
2090:978-87-7289-421-8
2058:978-0-19-280458-7
2009:978-87-7289-421-8
1982:978-87-7289-421-8
1950:978-87-7289-421-8
1918:978-87-7289-421-8
1882:978-0-19-280458-7
1852:978-87-7289-421-8
1825:978-0-19-280458-7
1798:978-87-7289-421-8
1766:978-87-7289-421-8
1739:978-87-7289-421-8
1712:978-87-7289-421-8
1682:978-87-7289-421-8
1655:978-87-7289-421-8
1617:978-1-4381-0997-8
1557:978-87-7289-421-8
1470:
1469:
1449:Ruled 40+ years.
1392:Ruled 10+ years.
1309:Fifteenth Dynasty
1172:Sixteenth Dynasty
1031:Fifteenth Dynasty
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1026:
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869:Hellenistic Egypt
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16:(Redirected from
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1447:c. 1590?–1550 BC
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1312:
1306:
1136:battle of Kadesh
1057:Dynastic history
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1092:" according to
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1215:Neferhotep III
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2163:K.S.B. Ryholt
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1035:ancient Egypt
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445:Tenth Dynasty
443:
442:
438:
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432:Ninth Dynasty
430:
429:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
407:
404:
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398:
393:
392:
382:
379:
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376:Sixth Dynasty
374:
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369:
366:
364:
363:Fifth Dynasty
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343:
340:
338:
337:Third Dynasty
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329:
324:
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291:First Dynasty
289:
288:
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257:
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252:ancient Egypt
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59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2309:
2255:Bibliography
2240:
2226:
2225:Kim Ryholt,
2221:
2194:
2166:
2133:
2126:
2106:
2099:
2079:
2047:
2028:
2018:
1998:
1991:
1971:
1939:
1907:
1871:
1841:
1834:
1814:
1807:
1787:
1755:
1748:
1728:
1721:
1701:
1671:
1664:
1644:
1606:
1599:
1574:
1566:
1546:
1539:
1501:
1471:
1412:
1308:
1303:
1283:
1258:lapis lazuli
1243:
1231:
1208:
1169:
1142:
1140:
1127:
1126:were called
1117:
1085:
1079:
1060:
1030:
1028:
989:
983:
960:
558:
145:Succeeded by
144:
139:
1521:Ramesses II
1047:Lower Egypt
912:Roman Egypt
766:Late Period
623:New Kingdom
328:Old Kingdom
140:Preceded by
2333:Categories
1531:References
1508:Kim Ryholt
1413:Aegyptiaca
1260:, silver,
1188:Nile Delta
1151:Egyptian.
1124:Nile Delta
1086:ḥḳꜣw-ḫꜣswt
1065:. Pharaoh
982:See also:
961:speculated
126:c. 1550 BC
87:Government
1504:prenomens
1420:Sakir-Har
1262:turquoise
1141:The term
1132:Ramses II
1094:Africanus
1063:Canaanite
665:1189–1077
652:1292–1189
639:1549–1292
609:1580–1549
596:1650–1600
584:1660–1600
571:1674–1535
553:1705–1690
523:1803–1649
510:1991–1803
497:2061–1991
466:2134–2061
452:2130–2040
439:2160–2130
426:2181–2160
383:2345–2181
370:2498–2345
357:2613–2498
344:2686–2613
314:2890–2686
301:3150–2890
248:dynasties
77:Religion
2210:Archived
1364:Aperanat
1339:Josephus
1280:Religion
1234:Ahmose I
1178:and the
1108:Identity
1090:shepherd
695:1069–945
413:spurious
2031:: 1–21.
1525:Seti II
1455:Khamudi
1436:Apophis
1398:Yanassi
1335:Manetho
1327:Salitis
1270:Apophis
1227:Apophis
1192:Memphis
1165:Apophis
1134:at the
1122:in the
1071:Apophis
1039:Salitis
885:332–305
855:343–332
838:380–343
825:398–380
812:404–398
799:525–404
782:672–525
752:732–653
734:732–720
721:837–728
708:945–720
244:Periods
116:1650 BC
57:Capital
2354:Hyksos
2271:
2201:
2141:
2114:
2087:
2055:
2006:
1979:
1947:
1915:
1879:
1849:
1822:
1795:
1763:
1736:
1709:
1679:
1652:
1614:
1587:
1554:
1523:, and
1482:Avaris
1478:Hyksos
1428:Avaris
1347:Semqen
1318:Image
1300:Rulers
1294:Ahmose
1274:Cyprus
1254:Kamose
1250:Cyprus
1246:Canaan
1223:Avaris
1219:Khayan
1211:Thebes
1204:Thebes
1174:, the
1143:Hyksos
1128:"Aamu"
1120:Avaris
1114:Hyksos
1098:Avaris
1082:Hyksos
1075:Caanan
1067:Kamose
1043:Hyksos
898:305–30
895:XXXIII
809:XXVIII
744:Nubian
563:Hyksos
457:Early
61:Avaris
1474:Egypt
1381:Khyan
1315:Name
1266:Syria
1240:Trade
1184:Nubia
1148:Khyan
1088:, a "
929:XXXIV
882:XXXII
796:XXVII
718:XXIII
636:XVIII
488:Late
271:Early
2269:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2085:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1877:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1612:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1552:ISBN
1248:and
1041:, a
1029:The
967:XXXV
852:XXXI
822:XXIX
779:XXVI
731:XXIV
705:XXII
606:XVII
520:XIII
423:VIII
246:and
1581:481
835:XXX
749:XXV
692:XXI
649:XIX
581:XVI
550:XIV
507:XII
410:VII
341:III
250:of
2335::
2262:c.
2229:c.
2205:,
2193::
2183:^
2169:c.
2165::
2153:^
2067:^
2037:^
2027:.
1959:^
1927:^
1891:^
1861:^
1775:^
1691:^
1626:^
1583:.
1341:.
1290:Re
1236:.
1206:.
662:XX
568:XV
494:XI
463:XI
436:IX
380:VI
354:IV
311:II
299:c.
261:BC
2275:)
2147:.
2120:.
2093:.
2061:.
2012:.
1985:.
1953:.
1921:.
1885:.
1855:.
1828:.
1801:.
1769:.
1742:.
1715:.
1685:.
1658:.
1620:.
1593:.
1560:.
1084:(
1018:e
1011:t
1004:v
963:)
959:(
746:)
742:(
565:)
561:(
449:X
367:V
295:I
20:)
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