699:
950:, veteran director of silent serials, left Republic for Columbia in 1947. He directed or co-directed the studio's later serials. In 1954 producer Sam Katzman, whose budgets were already low, slashed them even further on serials. The last four Columbia serials were very-low-budget affairs, consisting mostly of action scenes and cliffhanger endings from older productions, and even employing the same actors for new scenes tying the old footage together. The new footage was so threadbare that it would often show the new hero
504:
leading the viewer to think that any of the candidates were the mastermind. As serials were made by writing the whole script first and then slicing it into portions filmed at various sites, often the same location would be used several times in the serial, often given different signage, or none at all, just being referred to differently. There would often be a female love interest of the male hero, or a female hero herself, but as the audience was mainly children, there was no romance.
998:
understandable that this practice was adopted in view of their success in theaters on a
Saturday matinee exhibition policy. But cliffhangers simply cannot be treated on TV as they were in theaters and still maintain the suspense so vital to their entertainment content. This suspense factor is diluted by the vast amount of other TV entertainment beamed between weekly showings." TV stations began showing serials daily, generally on weekday afternoons, as children's programming.
45:
5783:
729:. In addition to solid screenwriting that many critics thought was quite accomplished, the firm also introduced choreographed fistfights, which often included the stuntmen (usually the ones portraying the villains, never the heroes) throwing things in desperation at one another in every fight to heighten the action. Republic serials are noted for outstanding special effects, such as large-scale explosions and demolitions, and the more fantastic visuals like
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the ways in which the master criminal was a serial killer with a motive. In the first episode, various suspects or "candidates" who may, in secret, be this villain are presented, and the viewer often hears the voice but does not see the face of this mastermind commanding his lieutenant (or "lead villain"), whom the viewer sees in just about every episode.
155:, in which characters found themselves in perilous situations with little apparent chance of escape. Viewers had to return each week to see the cliffhangers resolved and to follow the continuing story. Movie serials were especially popular with children, and for many youths in the first half of the 20th century a typical Saturday
721:, a serial specialist. Writers and directors were already geared to staging exciting films, and Republic improved on Mascot, adding music to underscore the action, and staging more elaborate stunts. Republic was one of Hollywood's smaller studios, but its serials have been hailed as some of the best, especially those directed by
451:, so that by 1937, serial production was now in the hands of three companies – Universal, Columbia, and Republic, with Republic quickly becoming the acknowledged leader in quality serial product. Each company turned out four to five serials per year, of 12 to 15 episodes each, a pace they all kept up until the end of
1235:
made to resemble
Republic and Columbia serials of the 1940s and completed in 1966. The plot involved a masked villain named The Master Duper, one of three members of a Film Commission who attempts to steal the only known prints of priceless antique films, and the heroic Captain Celluloid, who wears a
503:
In the succeeding weeks (usually 11 to 14), an episode of two reels (approximately 20 minutes) was presented, in which the villain and his henchmen commit crimes in various places, fight the hero, and trap someone to make the ending a cliffhanger. Many of the episodes have clues, dialogue, and events
499:
menacing an unspecific part of
America. This episode traditionally has the most detailed credits at the beginning, often with pictures of the actors with their names and that of the character they play. Often there follows a montage of scenes lifted from the cliffhangers of previous serials to depict
455:
when, in 1946, Universal dropped its serial unit along with its B-picture unit and renamed its production department
Universal-International Pictures. Republic and Columbia continued unchallenged, with three serials per year each. Republic's serials ran for 12, 13, 14, or 15 chapters; Columbia's ran
1006:
reprinted many of its serials for broadcast syndication. Only the films' endings were changed: Screen Gems replaced the "at this theater next week" title card with its standard Screen Gems logo. Screen Gems acquired the Hygo company in
December 1956, and packaged both Columbia and Universal serials
764:
Republic's serial scripts were written by teams, usually from three to seven writers. From 1950 Republic economized on serial production. The studio was no longer licensing expensive radio and comic-strip characters, and no longer staging spectacular action sequences. To save money, Republic turned
534:
was forced to come up with two extra chapters to justify the added expense. This was an emergency measure at the time, but
Republic recognized that it did save money, so the recap chapter became standard practice in almost all of its ensuing serials. Recap chapters had lower budgets, so rather than
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a one-chapter sound serial was released by
Cliffhanger Productions on VHS video tape in sepia. It concerned the adventures of a Park Ranger named Patricia King and an FBI Agent who track down a trio of killers out to find buried treasure in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. A second ten-chapter serial,
1211:
have been developed and made available to fans by The Serial
Squadron. A gray market for DVDs also exists consisting of DVD companies releasing titles from privately owned 16mm prints or even copies of previously released VHS or laserdisc editions, and various websites and internet auctions. These
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serials, and both
Republic and Columbia began re-releasing its older serials in the late 1940s. Although Republic discontinued new serial production in 1955, the studio continued making older ones available to theaters through 1959. Columbia, which canceled new serials in 1956, kept older ones in
1274:
In 2006, Lamb4 Productions created its own homage to the film serials of the 1940s with its own serial titled "Wildcat." The story revolves around a super hero named
Wildcat and his attempts to save the fictional Rite City from a masked villain known as the Roach. This eight-chapter serial was
688:
may exemplify Universal's best war-themed chapterplay. The studio's reliance on stock footage for the big action scenes was certainly economical, but it often hurt the overall quality of the films. When the studio reorganized as Universal-International, it shut down most of the production units,
507:
The beginning of each chapter would bring the story up to date by repeating the last few minutes of the previous chapter, and then revealing how the main character escaped. Often the reprised scene would add an element not seen in the previous episode, but unless it contradicted something shown
216:. The villain would continually place the hero into inescapable deathtraps, or the heroine would be placed into a deathtrap and the hero would come to her rescue. The hero and heroine would face one trap after another, battling countless thugs and lackeys, before finally defeating the villain.
1022:
Both Republic and Columbia issued "highlights" versions of serials for the home-movie market. These were printed on 8mm silent film (and later Super 8 film) and sold directly to owners of home-movie projectors. Columbia was first to market, with three abbreviated chapters from its 1938 serial
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The traditional week-to-week format of viewing serials was soon abandoned. As Republic executive David Bloom explained, "Attempts to program serials with full week intervals between chapters during the earlier days of television just about killed them off as effective sales product. It is
143:
exhibited in consecutive order at one theater, generally advancing weekly, until the series is completed. Usually, each serial involves a single set of characters, protagonistic and antagonistic, involved in a single story, which has been edited into chapters after the fashion of
1458:
and featured the first African American action hero in a chapter play. The violence present in most of the episodes, though much of it was deliberately comical and would not be considered shocking today, also raised concerns at a time when violence in children's TV was at issue.
465:
By the mid-1950s, however, episodic television series and the sale of older serials to TV syndicators by all the current and past major sound serial producers, together with the loss of audience attendance at Saturday matinees in general, made serial-making a losing proposition.
441:, decided to enter the serial field and contracted with the Weiss Brothers (as Adventure Serials Inc.) to make three chapterplays. They were successful enough that Columbia then established its own serial unit and the Weisses essentially disappeared from the serial scene.
1400:
was syndicated in the US as early as 1974, but did not gain a following in America until the mid-1980s when episodes featuring Tom Baker reached its shores. Although the series ended in 1989, it was revived in 2005, now following a more standard episode format.
543:
The major studios had their own retinues of actors and writers, their own prop departments, existing sets, stock footage, and music libraries. The early independent studios had none of these, but could rent sets from independent producers of western features.
508:
previously, audiences accepted the explanation. On rare occasions the filmmakers would depend on the audience not remembering details of the previous week's chapter, using alternate outcomes that did not exactly match the previous episode's cliffhanger.
1275:
based heavily on popular super hero serials such as "Batman and Robin," "Captain America," and "The Adventures of Captain Marvel." After its premiere, "Wildcat" was posted on the official Lamb4 Productions YouTube channel for public viewing.
511:
The last episode was sometimes a bit longer than most, for its tasks were to unmask the head villain (who usually was someone completely unsuspected), wrap up the loose ends, and end with the victorious principals relieved of their perils.
1001:
In July 1956 TV distributor Serials Inc., a subsidiary of Jerry Hyams's Hygo Television Films, bought the 1936-1946 Universal serials (including all titles, rights, and interests) for $ 1,500,000. Also in 1956, Columbia's TV subsidiary
581:
Exposition of what led up to the previous episode's cliffhanger was usually displayed on placards with a photograph of one of the characters on it. In 1938, Universal brought the first "scrolling text" exposition to the serial, which
1155:
The Universal serials had been controlled by Serials Inc. until it closed in 1970. The company now known as VCI Entertainment obtained the rights. VCI is offering new Blu-Ray and DVD restorations of many Universal serials, including
1007:
for broadcast. Republic's TV division, Hollywood Television Service, issued serials for television in their unedited theatrical form, as well as in specially edited six-chapter, half-hour editions ready made for TV time slots.
515:
In 1936, Republic standardized the "economy episode" (or "recap chapter") in which the characters summarize or reminisce about their adventures, so as to introduce showing those scenes again (in the manner of a
598:
films. As this would have required subcontracting the optical effects, Republic saved money by not using it. Columbia used printed recaps until 1941, replaced by spoken recaps by offscreen announcer
819:
maintained Columbia's own high standard. However, Columbia's serials often have a reputation for cheapness, because the studio usually subcontracted its serial production to outside producers: the
1519:
detailing the adventures of a hero named the Yellow Jacket, who could control Yellow Jackets with his voice, battled "Japbots", and traveled to the moon. The end credits promised a second serial,
3081:
535:
staging an elaborate cliffhanger (a runaway vehicle, a stampede, a flooding chamber, etc.), a cheaper, simpler cliffhanger would be employed (an explosion, someone knocked unconscious, etc.).
627:
for the screen; the serial was a smash hit, and was even booked into first-run theaters that usually did not bother with chapter plays. Universal followed it up with more pop-culture icons:
769:—Davidson had co-written and produced many Republic serials, and was familiar enough with the film library to write new scenes based on the older action footage. Republic's last serial was
1092:)—which were released by Republic Pictures Home Video on VHS and sometimes laserdisc (sometimes under their re-release titles) mostly from transfers made from the original negatives,
570:
station wagon used in serial after serial so they could match the shots with the stock footage from the model or previous stunt driving. Three different serials had them chasing the
765:
instead to its impressive backlog of action highlights, which were cleverly re-edited into the new serials. Most of the studio's serials of the 1950s were written by only one man,
973:
There was always a market for action subjects in theaters, so as far back as 1935 independent film companies reissued older serials for new audiences. Universal brought back its
1928:
The "golden age" of serials is generally from 1936 to 1945. Postwar expenses limited large-scale production, so the serial form continued on a smaller scale for another decade.
1508:
as the villain Anthony Korf). Though final episodes were shot, the series was canceled and the last program aired on May 1, 1979 before all of the serials could conclude; only
410:
of 1929 and the added expense of sound equipment made it impossible for many of the smaller companies that produced serials to upgrade to sound, and they went out of business.
615:
had been making serials since the 1910s, and continued to service its loyal neighborhood-theater customers with four serials annually. The studio made news in 1929 by hiring
578:
would not be caught so easily. A rubber liner on the hatband of the stuntman's fedora would fit snugly on the stuntman's head, so the hat would stay on during fight scenes.
928:, and most of his Columbia serials after 1939 are played tongue-in-cheek, with exaggerated villainy and improbable heroics (the hero takes on six men in a fistfight and
1271:
in which a female reporter and a criminologist fight to uncover the identity of a mysterious villain named The Terror, was released by Cliffhanger Productions in 2008.
1259:
Seymour's only daughter, who operated the camera at the age of 8, attests that as of 2008 the serial was indeed filmed but the raw footage remains in cans, unedited.
623:
Epic footage from this western serial turned up again and again in later serials and features. In 1936 Universal scored a coup by licensing the comic-strip character
2937:
1410:
included two serial-style episodes per program. These spoofed the cliffhanger serial form. Within the Rocky and Bullwinke show, the recurring but non-serialized
1289:(1955–58), with each chapter running about six to ten minutes. The longer-running dramatic serials included "Corky and White Shadow", "The Adventures of
1060:
With the rise in popularity of Super 8 sound-film equipment in the late 1970s, Columbia issued home-movie prints of entire 15-chapter serials, including
1297:: The Mystery of the Applegate Treasure", "The Boys of the Western Sea", "The Secret of Mystery Lake", "The Hardy Boys: The Mystery of Ghost Farm", and
384:
Years after their first release, serials gained new life at "Saturday Matinees", theatrical showings on Saturday mornings aimed directly at children.
1241:
643:
from newspapers. Universal was more story-conscious than the other studios, and cast its serials with "name" actors recognizable from feature films:
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986:
Serials, with their short running times and episodic format, were very attractive to programmers in the early days of television. Veteran producers
547:
The firms saved money by reusing the same cliffhangers, stunt and special-effects sequences over the years. Mines or tunnels flooded often, even in
406:
The arrival of sound technology made it costlier to produce serials, so that they were no longer as profitable on a flat rental basis. Further, the
1998:
1334:
924:, and his work secured him a permanent position in Columbia's serial unit. Horne had been a comedy specialist in the 1930s, often working with
55:
1523:
Dark Horse attempted to promote the release as a just-found, never-before-released serial made in 1946, but suppressed by the US Government.
1396:
serials would run anywhere from one to twelve episodes and were shown in weekly segments, as had been the original theatrical cliffhangers.
5601:
678:
In the 1940s Universal's serials employed urban and/or wartime themes, incorporating newsreel footage of actual disasters. The 1942 serial
198:, since those were the least expensive to film. Although most serials were filmed economically, some were made at significant expense. The
1535:. These can often be downloaded legally over the internet or purchased as budget-priced DVDs. The list of public domain serials includes:
944:(1948) was phenomenally successful despite using cartoon animation for the flying sequences instead of more expensive special effects.
932:). After Horne's death in 1942, the studio's serial output was somewhat more sober, but still aimed primarily at the juvenile audience.
204:
serial and its sequels, for instance, were major productions in their times. Serials were action-packed stories that usually involved a
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1982:
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sound truck, required for location shooting, for various reasons. Male fistfighters usually wore hats so that the change from actor to
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program in the late 1960s. Episodes were short, full of wild action and usually ended on a cliffhanger. This serial was directed by
954:
the action from a distance, rather than actually participating in it. Columbia outlasted the other serial producers, its last being
5137:
2182:
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797:
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Film serials released to the home video market from original masters include most Republic titles (with a few exceptions, such as
789:
made several serials using its own staff and facilities (1938–1939 and 1943–1945), and these are among the studio's best efforts:
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during later parts of the narrative, but the wholesale insertion of entire sequences was introduced in the 1936 outdoor serial
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530:. It was scheduled as a standard 12-chapter adventure, but when bad weather on location delayed the filming, writer
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and is determined to uncover him. Roles in the serial are played by, among others, film historians and serial fans
414:, which specialized in serials, made the transition from silent to sound and produced the first "talking" serial,
4701:
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1942:
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The greatest number of serialized television programs to feature any single character were those made featuring "
1299:
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One or two chapters exist of this effort on 16mm film but it is not known whether the serial was ever completed.
1078:. These were in print only briefly, until the studios turned away from home-movie films in favor of home video.
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format, has a first episode of three reels (approximately 30 minutes in length) and begins with reports of a
1416:, specifically parodied the damsel in distress (Nell Fenwick) being tied to railroad tracks by arch villain
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is perhaps the best of Universal's urban serials; Universal often cannibalized it for future cliffhangers.
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In 2006, Dark Horse Indie films, through Image Entertainment, released a 6-chapter serial parody called
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and the episodes cannot be shown out of order or as a single or a random collection of short subjects.
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2014:
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831:(1945–1956). Columbia built many serials around name-brand heroes. From newspaper comics, they got
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of 1912. There appear to be older serials, however, such as the 1910 Deutsche Vitaskop 5 episode
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3131:"Progressive Silent Film List: Tarzan the Mighty". silentera.com. Retrieved February 21, 2008.
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In the early 1930s a handful of independent companies tried their hand at making serials. The
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1368:) edited into segments for television presentation often had a cliffhanger-serial-like feel.
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became a national craze in 1965, Columbia issued a six-chapter silent version of its 1943
559:) and the same model cars and trains went off the same cliffs and bridges. Republic had a
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films in 1908, and the idea of the episodic crime adventure was developed particularly by
8:
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were released theatrically, but these were not particularly well-regarded or remembered.
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circulation until 1966. Columbia still offers a handful of serials to today's theaters.
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1039:. Republic followed suit with condensed silent versions of its own serials, including
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were also early leading serial queens. Other major studios of the silent era, such as
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Each chapter was screened at a movie theater for one week, and typically ended with a
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adventures. All of the new VCI releases derive from Universal's 35mm vault elements.
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a multi-part story in under-10-minute episodes, was shown on the Saturday morning
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In the 1980s, serial fan Blackie Seymour shot a complete 15-chapter serial called
139:
form popular during the first half of the 20th century, consisting of a series of
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An early attempt at a low-budget Western serial, filmed in color, was entitled
1088:
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Columbia's early serials were very well received by audiences—exhibitors voted
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1737:
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1569:
1532:
1477:
1212:
DVDs vary between good and poor quality, depending on their source. In 2017,
904:
900:
824:
531:
520:
in modern television). Serials had been including older scenes for years, as
264:
171:
140:
4982:
5544:
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632:
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599:
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452:
435:, inspired by the previous year's serial blockbuster success at Universal,
378:
361:
322:
Serials were a popular form of movie entertainment dating back to Edison's
296:
272:
3212:
1472:, which had three segments, each with a different serial: a horror story (
903:, the first archer-superhero, The Green Archer; and even from television:
156:
5796:
5758:
5738:
5733:
5708:
5688:
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5428:
5369:
5364:
5222:
5027:
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as the voice of the villain Sylvester Sneakley, alias "The Hooded Claw".
1371:
In England, in the 1950s and 60s, low-budget six-chapter serials such as
1236:
costume reminiscent of that of the Black Commando in the Columbia serial
1003:
840:
828:
758:
746:
660:
640:
276:
254:
183:
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916:(1938) the number-one serial of the year. Former silent-serial director
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5678:
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5117:
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1916:
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899:(despite also being a popular radio series); from the British novelist
896:
852:
742:
741:. Republic was able to get the rights to the newspaper comic character
652:
479:
392:
334:, based upon the Maurice LeBlanc novel, and a possible but unconfirmed
284:
280:
179:
1231:
The best-known fan-made chapter play is the four-chapter, silent 16mm
553:(reusing spectacular flood footage from Universal's 1927 silent drama
5559:
5505:
5403:
5342:
5335:
5177:
5072:
5022:
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broadcast the first episode of an hour-long weekly television series
616:
594:
517:
288:
4221:
3217:
1278:
1181:
Notable restorations of partially lost or forgotten serials such as
159:
at the movies included at least one chapter of a serial, along with
5445:
5107:
5002:
4788:
4778:
4726:
4416:
3875:
3627:
3304:
2970:"Progressive Silent Film List: Arsene Lupin Contra Sherlock Holmes"
2934:
says that both series were based on and influenced by serial films.
2866:
864:
571:
164:
3179:
Continued Next Week : A History of the Moving Picture Serial.
1904:
102:
5768:
5450:
5393:
4411:
3191:
560:
209:
5723:
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4845:
4497:
4433:
4406:
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3736:
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1283:
The serial format was used with stories on the original run of
1030:
860:
316:
3222:
5408:
4541:
4519:
4512:
4312:
381:, was a six-part horror serial about an artificial creature.
994:
were among the first to offer their serials for broadcast.
605:
4460:
3253:
1010:
In the late 1970s and 1980s, serials were often revived on
205:
136:
2912:, a contemporary, and similar, form of serialized fiction.
2938:
List of fictional shared universes in film and television
2834:(1948) - First live-action appearance of Superman on film
1463:
1387:
1104:, both released by Sony only on VHS, and DVD versions of
1011:
424:
also kept its serial unit alive through the transition.
3158:
Silent Films, 1877–1996, A Critical Guide to 646 Movies
1923:
689:
including the serial crew. Universal's last serial was
2850:(1956) – Last American serial (a Columbia production)
1786:
456:
a standard 15 episodes (with the single exception of
2880:
1488:) starring Geoffrey Scott as Marshal Jim Donner and
737:
flying. Most of the trick scenes were engineered by
3143:– Golden Age of the Serial. Retrieved July 10, 2007
1216:became the first serial to be released on Blu-ray.
237:Notable American serials of the silent era include
3172:Bound and Gagged: The Story of the Silent Serials.
1420:and rescued by the noble but clueless Dudley. The
431:had been making serials in 1935 and 1936. In 1937
30:"Serial (film)" redirects here. For the film, see
1279:Studio/commercial efforts, cartoons, and spoofery
170:There were films covering many genres, including
5809:
871:, which the credits acknowledged); from radio,
491:The classic sound serial, particularly in its
307:. Several independent companies (for example,
3238:
257:. Another popular serial was the 119-episode
52:The examples and perspective in this article
1764:(1952, originally conceived as a TV series)
3245:
3231:
3181:Norman. University of Oklahoma Press. 1969
1353:The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men
487:(1925) depicting a typical dramatic ending
619:to star in its first all-talking serial,
606:Stylistic differences between the studios
592:in 1977 and then in all of the following
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
2799:
2183:The Great Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok
1768:
1026:The Great Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok
798:The Great Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok
697:
478:
391:
271:for the first forty-eight episodes then
101:
2996:"Progressive Silent Film List: Raffles"
1233:Captain Celluloid vs. the Film Pirates,
538:
14:
5810:
1338:) and Disney feature films (including
1219:
497:masked, secret, or unsuspected villain
341:Europe had its own serials: in France
3226:
2869:production), released in the U.S. as
879:; from the hero pulp characters like
3121:"Wildcat" Movie Serial Official Site
1924:Serials of the golden age of serials
1429:was a takeoff on the silent serials
38:
2826:(1946) – Last serial from Universal
1492:as Emperor Thorval) and a mystery (
331:Arsene Lupin Contra Sherlock Holmes
24:
5585:List of American independent films
3150:
2842:(1955) – Last serial from Republic
2319:Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe
1787:Selected serials of the Silent Era
1673:Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe
1407:Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle
1119:Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe
1014:television in the United Kingdom.
25:
5839:
3185:
1983:The Adventures of Frank Merriwell
1967:Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island
867:(although this last owed more to
527:Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island
5791:
5782:
5781:
2883:
2615:Secret Service in Darkest Africa
1526:
981:
749:, and the comic book characters
396:Poster for the final chapter of
43:
3252:
3134:
3125:
3114:
2575:Adventures of the Flying Cadets
1531:Several serials are now in the
1306:Other Disney programs shown on
1300:The Adventures of Clint and Mac
963:
938:(1943) was quite popular, and
702:Poster for the Republic serial
3088:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
2988:
2962:
2905:List of film serials by studio
2623:The Adventures of Smilin' Jack
2599:Don Winslow of the Coast Guard
2375:The Green Hornet Strikes Again
1781:List of film serials by studio
1480:), a science fiction/western (
1390:character introduced in 1963.
1365:The Fighting Prince of Donegal
1017:
968:
775:(1955), a reworking of 1939's
13:
1:
3199:, Index of Silent Era Serials
3082:"Search Results – BBC Genome"
2955:
2950:Serial (radio and television)
2791:The Royal Mounted Rides Again
2175:The Secret of Treasure Island
1315:The Scarecrow of Romney Marsh
1257:The Return of the Copperhead.
1081:
469:
232:
208:(or heroes) battling an evil
27:Series of short subject films
3174:New York: Castle Books 1968.
3035:, April 15, 1963, pp. 74-75.
2399:Adventures of Captain Marvel
2215:Daredevils of the Red Circle
2178:(Weiss Bros./Columbia, 1938)
2090:(Weiss Bros./Columbia, 1937)
2058:(Weiss Bros./Columbia, 1937)
1869:Le Masque aux Dents Blanches
1589:The New Adventures of Tarzan
1347:The Three Lives of Thomasina
1214:Adventures of Captain Marvel
1125:Adventures of Captain Marvel
1042:Adventures of Captain Marvel
778:Daredevils of the Red Circle
739:Howard and Theodore Lydecker
474:
387:
7:
3160:, McFarland & Company,
2876:
2810:(1929) – First serial with
2567:The Valley of Vanishing Men
2543:Perils of the Royal Mounted
2263:The Lone Ranger Rides Again
2143:Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars
1521:Commie Commandos From Mars.
1359:Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue
1196:The Lone Ranger Rides Again
1113:Flash Gordon's Trip to Mars
781:using some of its footage.
295:, produced serials, as did
66:, discuss the issue on the
10:
5844:
5476:Classical Hollywood cinema
4665:Commedia sexy all'italiana
3573:Exploitation film template
3517:Commedia sexy all'italiana
2847:Blazing the Overland Trail
2783:The Purple Monster Strikes
2607:G-Men vs. the Black Dragon
2415:Holt of the Secret Service
2407:Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc.
1857:The Ventures of Marguerite
1697:Holt of the Secret Service
1426:Perils of Penelope Pitstop
1326:The Secret of Boyne Castle
1048:G-Men vs. the Black Dragon
957:Blazing the Overland Trail
462:, which ran 12 episodes).
219:
29:
5777:
5380:
5298:
5043:German underground horror
4998:Documentary Film Movement
4906:American eccentric cinema
4891:
4137:
3263:
3213:Mickey Mouse Club serials
2944:Marvel Cinematic Universe
2751:Manhunt of Mystery Island
2695:Mystery of the River Boat
2687:The Great Alaskan Mystery
2431:King of the Texas Rangers
2335:King of the Royal Mounted
2015:The Vigilantes Are Coming
1903:(1929) (Last serial from
1802:The Adventures of Kathlyn
1733:The Great Alaskan Mystery
1335:The Prince and the Pauper
1264:King of the Park Rangers,
1054:Panther Girl of the Kongo
827:(1939–1942), and finally
343:Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset
167:, and two feature films.
2247:Overland with Kit Carson
1884:Casey of the Coast Guard
1863:Les Mystères de New York
1184:The Adventures of Tarzan
847:; from the comic books,
483:Poster for chapter 6 of
319:serials were also made.
106:Poster for episode 6 of
4978:Cinema of Transgression
4112:Cinema of Transgression
3071:, July 10, 1957, p. 33.
3047:, July 14, 1956, p. 17.
2775:The Monster and the Ape
2511:Junior G-Men of the Air
2495:Don Winslow of the Navy
2343:Mysterious Doctor Satan
2295:Adventures of Red Ryder
2287:Zorro's Fighting Legion
2167:The Fighting Devil Dogs
1900:Queen of the Northwoods
1757:Radar Men from the Moon
1649:Zorro's Fighting Legion
1404:The 1960s cartoon show
1269:The Dangers of Deborah,
686:Don Winslow of the Navy
621:The Indians Are Coming!
345:launched his series of
5198:The Prague film school
5063:Hollywood on the Tiber
3100:Telegram & Gazette
3096:"Blackie Seymour,, 72"
2719:Brenda Starr, Reporter
2591:Daredevils of the West
2439:Riders of Death Valley
2151:Hawk of the Wilderness
2031:Blake of Scotland Yard
1838:The Exploits of Elaine
1794:What Happened to Mary?
1462:On February 27, 1979,
1202:Daredevils of the West
845:Brenda Starr, Reporter
745:, the radio character
709:
705:King of the Rocket Men
675:, among many others.
488:
403:
246:The Exploits of Elaine
113:
5053:Grupo Cine LiberaciĂłn
4993:Czechoslovak New Wave
4988:Commedia all'italiana
3335:Commedia all'italiana
3208:Dieselpunk Industries
3059:, Dec. 7, 1956, p. 1.
3045:Motion Picture Herald
3023:, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 2.
2807:The King of the Kongo
2800:Other notable serials
2671:Raiders of Ghost City
2351:Terry and the Pirates
2239:Mandrake the Magician
1822:The Perils of Pauline
1769:Selected film serials
1553:The Hurricane Express
1504:as Bob Richards, and
1431:The Perils of Pauline
1312:in segments (such as
1286:The Mickey Mouse Club
1149:Atom Man vs. Superman
1128:(Republic Pictures),
948:Spencer Gordon Bennet
869:its radio incarnation
837:Mandrake the Magician
833:Terry and the Pirates
717:was the successor to
701:
482:
459:Mandrake the Magician
395:
371:(1916); in Germany,
325:What Happened to Mary
315:serials. Four silent
240:The Perils of Pauline
109:The Perils of Pauline
105:
5580:Guerrilla filmmaking
5243:Kitchen sink realism
5128:New French Extremity
5038:German Expressionist
4946:Kitchen sink realism
4811:Contemporary Western
4591:Environmental issues
4122:New French Extremity
4080:New French Extremity
3905:Softcore pornography
3900:Hardcore pornography
3767:New French Extremity
3057:Motion Picture Daily
2976:. September 28, 2013
2899:List of film serials
2839:King of the Carnival
2823:The Mysterious Mr. M
2519:King of the Mounties
2255:Scouts to the Rescue
2095:The Painted Stallion
2087:The Mysterious Pilot
1830:The Hazards of Helen
1775:List of film serials
1541:The Vanishing Legion
1517:Monarch of the Moon,
1510:The Curse of Dracula
1494:Stop Susan Williams!
1484:(inspired by 1935's
1474:The Curse of Dracula
1309:Walt Disney Presents
1208:King of the Mounties
772:King of the Carnival
692:The Mysterious Mr. M
539:Production practices
377:(1916), directed by
260:The Hazards of Helen
226:List of film serials
194:. Many serials were
72:create a new article
64:improve this article
54:may not represent a
5828:Damsels in distress
5316:Children and family
5290:Yugoslav Black Wave
5163:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
5048:Nigerian Golden Age
5013:European art cinema
4916:Australian New Wave
3156:Robert K. Klepper,
2727:Federal Operator 99
2391:Winners of the West
2002:(Weiss Bros., 1936)
1994:(Weiss Bros., 1936)
1975:Shadow of Chinatown
1946:(Weiss Bros., 1936)
1943:Custer's Last Stand
1226:The Silver Avenger.
1220:Amateur/fan efforts
275:for the remainder.
5614:Major film studios
5208:Pure Film Movement
5188:Polish Film School
5088:Italian neorealist
5068:Hong Kong New Wave
4670:Mexican sex comedy
3727:German underground
3002:. October 12, 2004
2858:(1957) – Japanese
2711:Zorro's Black Whip
2471:The Spider Returns
2311:Drums of Fu Manchu
2279:The Phantom Creeps
2223:Dick Tracy's G-Men
2127:Dick Tracy Returns
2071:S.O.S. Coast Guard
1991:The Clutching Hand
1745:Zorro's Black Whip
1661:The Phantom Creeps
1601:The Phantom Empire
1565:Burn 'Em Up Barnes
1486:The Phantom Empire
1482:The Secret Empire,
1250:William K. Everson
892:The Spider Returns
710:
556:Perch of the Devil
489:
422:Universal Pictures
408:stock market crash
404:
214:damsel in distress
114:
32:Serial (1980 film)
5805:
5804:
5744:Socialist realist
5456:Behind-the-scenes
5233:Socialist realist
5228:Spaghetti Western
5218:Romanian New Wave
5093:Japanese New Wave
4759:Sword and sorcery
4675:Nazi exploitation
4257:Mumbai underworld
4013:Planetary romance
3177:Lahue, Kalton C.
3170:Lahue, Kalton C.
2794:(Universal, 1945)
2770:(Universal, 1945)
2762:(Universal, 1945)
2738:(Universal, 1945)
2698:(Universal, 1944)
2690:(Universal, 1944)
2674:(Universal, 1944)
2631:The Masked Marvel
2626:(Universal, 1943)
2602:(Universal, 1943)
2578:(Universal, 1943)
2530:(Universal, 1942)
2514:(Universal, 1942)
2506:(Universal, 1942)
2498:(Universal, 1942)
2458:(Universal, 1941)
2450:(Universal, 1941)
2442:(Universal, 1941)
2394:(Universal, 1940)
2378:(Universal, 1940)
2370:(Universal, 1940)
2330:(Universal, 1940)
2322:(Universal, 1940)
2282:(Universal, 1939)
2274:(Universal, 1939)
2258:(Universal, 1939)
2210:(Universal, 1939)
2162:(Universal, 1938)
2146:(Universal, 1938)
2138:(Universal, 1938)
2135:Flaming Frontiers
2119:Zorro Rides Again
2114:(Universal, 1937)
2106:(Universal, 1937)
2082:(Universal, 1937)
2066:(Universal, 1937)
2050:(Universal, 1937)
2010:(Universal, 1936)
2007:The Phantom Rider
1986:(Universal, 1936)
1962:(Universal, 1936)
1938:(Universal, 1936)
1892:Tarzan the Mighty
1630:John 'Dusty' King
673:Johnny Mack Brown
657:The Dead End Kids
485:The Ace of Spades
449:Republic Pictures
433:Columbia Pictures
417:King of the Kongo
399:The Masked Marvel
161:animated cartoons
100:
99:
92:
74:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
5835:
5795:
5785:
5784:
5764:Vulgar auteurism
5592:Interstitial art
5570:Hyperlink cinema
5285:Vulgar auteurism
5280:Toronto New Wave
5270:Telefoni Bianchi
5265:Sword-and-sandal
5083:Italian futurist
5078:Iranian New Wave
4941:British New Wave
4754:Sword-and-sandal
4635:Rape and revenge
4576:Mouth of Garbage
4422:Tentacle erotica
4370:Goona-goona epic
4350:Extraterrestrial
4237:Heroic bloodshed
3871:Occult detective
3702:Christmas horror
3554:Sword-and-sandal
3286:Hong Kong action
3281:Heroic bloodshed
3247:
3240:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2786:(Republic, 1945)
2778:(Columbia, 1945)
2759:Secret Agent X-9
2754:(Republic, 1945)
2746:(Columbia, 1945)
2730:(Republic, 1945)
2722:(Columbia, 1945)
2714:(Republic, 1944)
2706:(Republic, 1944)
2682:(Columbia, 1944)
2666:(Republic, 1944)
2658:(Republic, 1944)
2650:(Columbia, 1944)
2642:(Columbia, 1943)
2634:(Republic, 1943)
2618:(Republic, 1943)
2610:(Republic, 1943)
2594:(Republic, 1943)
2586:(Columbia, 1943)
2570:(Columbia, 1942)
2562:(Columbia, 1942)
2554:(Republic, 1942)
2546:(Columbia, 1942)
2538:(Republic, 1942)
2522:(Republic, 1942)
2490:(Columbia, 1942)
2487:Captain Midnight
2482:(Columbia, 1941)
2474:(Columbia, 1941)
2466:(Columbia, 1941)
2434:(Republic, 1941)
2426:(Republic, 1941)
2418:(Columbia, 1941)
2410:(Republic, 1941)
2402:(Republic, 1941)
2386:(Columbia, 1940)
2367:The Green Hornet
2362:(Columbia, 1940)
2359:The Green Archer
2354:(Columbia, 1940)
2346:(Republic, 1940)
2338:(Republic, 1940)
2314:(Republic, 1940)
2306:(Columbia, 1940)
2298:(Republic, 1940)
2290:(Republic, 1939)
2271:The Oregon Trail
2266:(Republic, 1939)
2250:(Columbia, 1939)
2242:(Columbia, 1939)
2234:(Columbia, 1939)
2226:(Republic, 1939)
2218:(Republic, 1939)
2202:(Columbia, 1938)
2199:The Spider's Web
2194:(Republic, 1938)
2186:(Columbia, 1938)
2170:(Republic, 1938)
2154:(Republic, 1938)
2130:(Republic, 1938)
2122:(Republic, 1937)
2103:Tim Tyler's Luck
2098:(Republic, 1937)
2079:Secret Agent X-9
2042:(Republic, 1937)
2026:(Republic, 1936)
2023:Undersea Kingdom
2018:(Republic, 1936)
1970:(Republic, 1936)
1954:(Republic, 1936)
1915:(1929) (partial
1912:Tarzan the Tiger
1851:Cinema of France
1815:Cinema of France
1685:The Green Archer
1613:Undersea Kingdom
1418:Snidely Whiplash
1377:Masters of Venus
1190:Beatrice Fairfax
1137:Batman and Robin
1063:Batman and Robin
926:Laurel and Hardy
922:The Spider's Web
913:The Spider's Web
886:The Spider's Web
855:, time traveler
792:The Spider's Web
665:Robert Armstrong
635:from radio, and
629:The Green Hornet
563:limousine and a
447:was absorbed by
338:serial in 1911.
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
47:
46:
39:
21:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5818:History of film
5808:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5773:
5714:Semidocumentary
5639:Minimalist film
5629:Message picture
5624:Maximalist film
5518:Database cinema
5501:Computer screen
5461:Black-and-white
5386:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5294:
5250:Soviet parallel
5173:Parallel cinema
5168:Pan-Indian film
5098:Kammerspielfilm
5033:French New Wave
4953:Budapest school
4936:Brighton School
4911:New Objectivity
4893:
4887:
4856:Science fiction
4488:Bruceploitation
4397:Girls with guns
4343:Turksploitation
4217:Gentleman thief
4133:
3968:Science fiction
3814:Minimalist film
3809:Maximalist film
3787:Science fiction
3747:Japanese horror
3544:Social guidance
3259:
3251:
3192:Serial Squadron
3188:
3153:
3151:Further reading
3148:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2802:
2797:
2703:The Tiger Woman
2679:The Desert Hawk
2655:Captain America
2559:The Secret Code
2535:Perils of Nyoka
2191:The Lone Ranger
2074:(Victory. 1937)
2034:(Victory, 1937)
1978:(Victory, 1936)
1926:
1789:
1771:
1721:Captain America
1529:
1437:which featured
1413:Dudley Do-Right
1341:Treasure Island
1330:The Mooncussers
1281:
1242:Alan G. Barbour
1238:The Secret Code
1222:
1171:Pirate Treasure
1084:
1020:
984:
971:
966:
810:The Secret Code
767:Ronald Davidson
751:Captain America
747:The Lone Ranger
719:Mascot Pictures
608:
541:
477:
472:
445:Mascot Pictures
412:Mascot Pictures
390:
351:Louis Feuillade
309:Mascot Pictures
293:Essanay Studios
235:
222:
212:and rescuing a
188:science fiction
96:
85:
79:
76:
61:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5841:
5831:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5789:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5699:Reverse motion
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5649:Modernist film
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5540:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5511:midnight movie
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5333:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5300:
5299:By demographic
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5238:Social realist
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5193:Poliziotteschi
5190:
5185:
5183:Poetic realist
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5138:New generation
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5113:Modernist film
5110:
5105:
5103:L.A. Rebellion
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4968:Cinéma du look
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4881:Zapata Western
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4861:Singing cowboy
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:Dacoit Western
4813:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4697:Shoshimin-eiga
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4685:Nunsploitation
4682:
4680:Pornochanchada
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:Food and drink
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Blaxploitation
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4262:Poliziotteschi
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4117:Extreme cinema
4114:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3902:
3892:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Chinese horror
3694:
3689:
3684:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:In The Balcony
3200:
3194:
3187:
3186:External links
3184:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3133:
3124:
3113:
3087:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
2987:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2913:
2910:Pulp magazines
2907:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2863:superhero film
2851:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2767:The Master Key
2763:
2755:
2747:
2743:Jungle Raiders
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2663:Haunted Harbor
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2111:Wild West Days
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1999:The Black Coin
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1951:Darkest Africa
1947:
1939:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1750:Linda Stirling
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1573:
1561:
1549:
1528:
1525:
1512:was resolved.
1506:Albert Paulsen
1456:Richard Donner
1435:The Iron Claw,
1295:The Hardy Boys
1291:Spin and Marty
1280:
1277:
1221:
1218:
1089:Ghost of Zorro
1083:
1080:
1019:
1016:
983:
980:
970:
967:
965:
962:
918:James W. Horne
883:(two serials:
873:Jack Armstrong
857:Brick Bradford
821:Weiss Brothers
755:Captain Marvel
731:Captain Marvel
727:William Witney
645:Lon Chaney Jr.
607:
604:
586:first used in
540:
537:
476:
473:
471:
468:
429:Weiss Brothers
389:
386:
234:
231:
230:
229:
221:
218:
146:serial fiction
141:short subjects
137:motion picture
98:
97:
58:of the subject
56:worldwide view
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5840:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5694:Postmodernist
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5684:Participatory
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5654:Musical short
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Found footage
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Cinéma vérité
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:or production
5379:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:Prussian film
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:New Nollywood
5146:
5144:
5143:New Hollywood
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4963:Cannibal boom
4961:
4959:
4958:Calligrafismo
4956:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:Berlin School
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4876:Weird Western
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:Slice of life
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4660:Bavarian porn
4658:
4657:
4656:
4655:Sexploitation
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Partisan film
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Muslim social
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4563:
4562:Zombie comedy
4560:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Giant monster
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Mexploitation
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4275:
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4192:Coming-of-age
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4107:Transgressive
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4090:Psychological
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4040:Slice of life
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3777:Psychological
3775:
3773:
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3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:Korean horror
3750:
3748:
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3723:
3722:Found footage
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3611:Magic realism
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3527:Sexploitation
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3478:Calligrafismo
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3431:City symphony
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3166:0-7864-2164-9
3163:
3159:
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3154:
3142:
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3117:
3102:. May 4, 2011
3101:
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2924:Indiana Jones
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2527:Overland Mail
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2500:
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2463:The Iron Claw
2460:
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2303:Deadwood Dick
2300:
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2055:Jungle Menace
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
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1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
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1956:
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1738:Milburn Stone
1735:
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1723:
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1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:
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1679:
1678:Buster Crabbe
1675:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
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1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:Kane Richmond
1579:
1578:
1577:The Lost City
1574:
1571:
1570:Frankie Darro
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:public domain
1527:Public domain
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:Michael Nouri
1475:
1471:
1470:
1469:Cliffhangers!
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1452:Banana Splits
1449:
1447:
1446:Danger Island
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:Hanna–Barbera
1419:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
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1360:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1321:The Swamp Fox
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1276:
1272:
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1186:
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1120:
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1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1005:
999:
995:
993:
989:
982:On television
979:
976:
961:
959:
958:
953:
949:
945:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:
908:
906:
905:Captain Video
902:
901:Edgar Wallace
898:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Larry Darmour
823:(1937–1938),
822:
818:
817:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
773:
768:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
707:
706:
700:
696:
694:
693:
687:
683:
682:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
613:
603:
601:
597:
596:
591:
590:
585:
579:
577:
573:
569:
566:
562:
558:
557:
552:
551:
545:
536:
533:
532:Barry Shipman
529:
528:
523:
519:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
494:
486:
481:
467:
463:
461:
460:
454:
450:
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442:
440:
439:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
418:
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409:
401:
400:
394:
385:
382:
380:
376:
375:
370:
369:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
332:
327:
326:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:and starring
266:
265:Kalem Studios
262:
261:
256:
253:and starring
252:
248:
247:
242:
241:
227:
224:
223:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
190:, and jungle
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:crime fiction
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
149:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
111:
110:
104:
94:
91:
83:
73:
69:
65:
59:
57:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5823:Film serials
5718:
5533:Experimental
5528:Ethnofiction
5275:Third Cinema
5178:Persian Film
4921:Auteur films
4892:By movement
4749:Swashbuckler
4608:Ozploitation
4603:Outlaw biker
4483:Martial arts
4478:Magical girl
4328:Exploitation
4323:Ethnographic
4252:Mafia comedy
3895:Pornographic
3772:Psycho-biddy
3757:Lovecraftian
3591:Contemporary
3572:
3566:Exploitation
3561:Experimental
3441:Mockumentary
3310:Biographical
3178:
3171:
3157:
3136:
3127:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3099:
3090:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3033:Broadcasting
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2973:
2964:
2942:
2932:George Lucas
2922:
2916:
2870:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2805:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2735:Jungle Queen
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2503:Gang Busters
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2333:
2327:Junior G-Men
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2231:Flying G-Men
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2063:Radio Patrol
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1959:Flash Gordon
1957:
1949:
1941:
1935:Ace Drummond
1933:
1927:
1910:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1846:Les Vampires
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1762:Roy Barcroft
1755:
1743:
1731:
1726:Dick Purcell
1719:
1709:Gang Busters
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1625:Ace Drummond
1623:
1618:Ray Corrigan
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1530:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1493:
1485:
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1163:
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1157:
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1107:Flash Gordon
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955:
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921:
920:co-directed
911:
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814:
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763:
723:John English
712:
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690:
681:Gang Busters
679:
677:
669:Irene Hervey
637:Smilin' Jack
633:Ace Drummond
625:Flash Gordon
620:
610:
609:
600:Knox Manning
593:
587:
584:George Lucas
580:
576:stunt double
554:
550:Flash Gordon
548:
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443:
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436:
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383:
379:Otto Rippert
372:
366:
365:(1915), and
362:Les Vampires
360:
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329:
323:
321:
297:Warner Bros.
273:Helen Gibson
269:Helen Holmes
258:
251:Pathé Frères
244:
238:
236:
201:Flash Gordon
199:
186:characters,
169:
150:
133:chapter play
132:
129:movie serial
128:
124:
120:
118:serial film,
117:
115:
107:
86:
77:
53:
36:
5759:Video nasty
5754:Underground
5739:Slow cinema
5709:Sceneggiata
5597:Live action
5575:Independent
5555:Film Ă clef
5523:Docufiction
5491:Compilation
5466:Blockbuster
5434:Traditional
5429:Stop-motion
5365:Chick flick
5223:Slow cinema
5213:Remodernist
5028:Free Cinema
5008:Erra Cinema
4973:Cinema Novo
4851:Revisionist
4360:Gendai-geki
4296:Psychedelic
4284:Apocalyptic
4150:Beach party
4045:Slow cinema
4018:Space opera
3983:Fantastique
3854:Sceneggiata
3844:Musicarello
3717:Fantastique
3596:Fantastique
3539:Educational
3466:Video essay
3421:Documentary
2928:film series
2891:Film portal
2855:Super Giant
2818:production)
2647:Black Arrow
2639:The Phantom
2551:Spy Smasher
2479:White Eagle
2455:Sky Raiders
2447:Sea Raiders
2423:Jungle Girl
2207:Buck Rogers
1714:Kent Taylor
1690:Victor Jory
1666:Bela Lugosi
1654:Reed Hadley
1594:Herman Brix
1546:Harry Carey
1502:Ray Walston
1498:Susan Anton
1496:, starring
1490:Mark Lenard
1476:, starring
1373:Dusty Bates
1018:Home movies
1004:Screen Gems
988:Louis Weiss
969:In theaters
841:The Phantom
829:Sam Katzman
816:The Phantom
759:Spy Smasher
661:Kent Taylor
649:BĂ©la Lugosi
641:Buck Rogers
359:(1913–14),
347:Nick Carter
277:Ruth Roland
255:Pearl White
184:comic strip
153:cliffhanger
121:film serial
18:Film serial
5812:Categories
5679:Paracinema
5664:Neorealist
5659:Mythopoeia
5644:Mockbuster
5609:Low-budget
5550:Featurette
5383:technique,
5381:By format,
5260:Surrealist
5255:Structural
5133:New German
5123:Neorealist
5118:Mumblecore
5058:Heimatfilm
5018:Film d'art
4983:Cinéma pur
4717:South Seas
4690:Sex report
3956:Paranormal
3919:Propaganda
3819:Mumblecore
3606:Historical
3488:Historical
3377:Remarriage
3367:Mo lei tau
3197:Silent Era
3021:Film Daily
3000:Silent Era
2974:Silent Era
2956:References
2930:; creator
2865:serial (a
2383:The Shadow
2047:Jungle Jim
2039:Dick Tracy
1849:(1915) – (
1813:(1913) – (
1642:Ralph Byrd
1637:Dick Tracy
1606:Gene Autry
1558:John Wayne
1439:Paul Lynde
1398:Doctor Who
1393:Doctor Who
1384:the Doctor
1246:Al Kilgore
1176:Buck Jones
1152:(Warner).
1122:(Hearst),
1095:The Shadow
1082:Home video
1069:Congo Bill
992:Nat Levine
897:The Shadow
881:The Spider
853:Congo Bill
743:Dick Tracy
653:Dick Foran
522:flashbacks
470:Production
374:Homunculus
285:Ann Little
281:Marin Sais
233:Silent era
192:adventures
180:comic book
5669:No-budget
5634:Meta-film
5602:animation
5560:Film-poem
5496:Composite
5441:Anthology
5404:Animation
5399:Actuality
5385:approach,
5153:New Queer
5073:Indiewood
5023:Film gris
4894:or period
4871:Spaghetti
4794:Submarine
4774:Vigilante
4739:Superhero
4493:Chopsocky
4439:Jidaigeki
4308:Dystopian
4207:Detective
4165:Buddy cop
4155:Body swap
4085:Political
4065:Financial
4028:Tokusatsu
4023:Steampunk
3939:Bromantic
3911:Malayalam
3890:Crossover
3866:Detective
3834:Backstage
3782:Religious
3638:Tech noir
3633:Pulp noir
3623:Film noir
3498:Melodrama
3436:Docudrama
3409:Cyberpunk
3402:Slapstick
3392:Screwball
3352:Gross out
3315:Christian
3293:Adventure
2918:Star Wars
2860:tokusatsu
2159:Red Barry
1702:Jack Holt
1262:In 2001,
1101:Blackhawk
849:Blackhawk
735:Rocketman
617:Tim McCoy
612:Universal
595:Star Wars
589:Star Wars
518:clip show
475:Peak form
388:Sound era
305:Universal
289:Vitagraph
176:espionage
165:newsreels
123:(or just
80:June 2024
68:talk page
5787:Category
5674:One-shot
5538:Abstract
5424:Computer
5108:Lettrist
5003:Dogme 95
4931:Bourekas
4901:Absolute
4841:Northern
4836:Meat pie
4789:Euro War
4784:Anti-war
4650:Rumberas
4571:Mountain
4473:Luchador
4429:Homeland
4417:Shotacon
4390:Suburban
4318:Economic
4279:Disaster
4212:Gangster
4187:Colonial
4177:Cannibal
4138:By theme
4095:Romantic
4050:Thriller
4008:New Wave
4003:Military
3961:Thriller
3929:Romantic
3876:Whodunit
3849:Operetta
3829:Arthouse
3797:Splatter
3692:Cannibal
3682:Arthouse
3665:Suburban
3655:Southern
3628:Neo-noir
3532:Thriller
3426:Animated
3414:Japanese
3382:Romantic
3372:Thriller
3298:Survival
3276:Arthouse
3264:By style
3218:TV Cream
3106:June 22,
2877:See also
2867:Shintoho
2831:Superman
1810:FantĂ´mas
1143:Superman
1140:(Sony),
960:(1956).
952:watching
941:Superman
865:Superman
786:Columbia
714:Republic
695:(1946).
572:Art Deco
493:Republic
420:(1929).
356:FantĂ´mas
263:made by
249:made by
196:Westerns
62:You may
5769:Z movie
5545:Feature
5481:Collage
5451:B movie
5419:Cartoon
5158:No wave
4826:Florida
4821:Fantasy
4801:Western
4744:Surfing
4732:Eurospy
4702:Slavery
4552:Vampire
4532:Monster
4503:Kung fu
4444:Samurai
4412:Lolicon
4380:Romance
4227:Gong'an
4197:Concert
4182:Chicano
4145:Animals
4033:Western
3988:Fantasy
3946:Fantasy
3924:Reality
3861:Mystery
3839:Jukebox
3824:Musical
3802:Satanic
3792:Slasher
3762:Natural
3742:Holiday
3650:Romance
3616:Science
3581:Fantasy
3483:Dramedy
3347:Dramedy
3069:Variety
3006:July 7,
2980:July 7,
2901:by year
2871:Starman
1777:by year
1386:", the
1029:. When
561:Packard
336:Raffles
313:Western
311:) made
228:by year
220:History
210:villain
157:matinee
135:, is a
5797:Portal
5734:Silent
5724:Shinpa
5719:Serial
5704:Satire
5689:Poetry
5619:Masala
5348:ShĹŤnen
5331:Seinen
4846:Ostern
4831:Horror
4764:Travel
4722:Sports
4645:Rubble
4618:Prison
4586:Nature
4557:Zombie
4498:Gun fu
4434:Isekai
4407:Hentai
4375:Gothic
4301:Stoner
4267:Yakuza
4222:GokudĹŤ
4170:Female
4100:Techno
4070:Giallo
4060:Erotic
4055:Comedy
3998:Horror
3993:Gothic
3978:Comedy
3951:Gothic
3934:Comedy
3883:Giallo
3737:Giallo
3707:Comedy
3677:Horror
3645:Gothic
3586:Comedy
3512:Erotic
3503:Korean
3461:Travel
3451:Pseudo
3397:Silent
3362:Parody
3357:Horror
3325:Action
3320:Comedy
3271:Action
3257:genres
3164:
3141:Images
3084:. BBC.
2816:Mascot
2583:Batman
1895:(1928)
1887:(1926)
1879:(1917)
1871:(1917)
1865:(1916)
1859:(1915)
1841:(1914)
1833:(1917)
1825:(1914)
1805:(1913)
1797:(1912)
1752:(1944)
1740:(1944)
1728:(1944)
1716:(1942)
1704:(1941)
1692:(1940)
1680:(1940)
1668:(1939)
1656:(1939)
1644:(1937)
1632:(1936)
1620:(1936)
1608:(1935)
1596:(1935)
1584:(1935)
1572:(1934)
1560:(1933)
1548:(1931)
1362:; and
1332:, and
1248:, and
1131:Batman
1116:, and
1098:, and
1072:, and
1051:, and
1036:Batman
1031:Batman
935:Batman
895:) and
861:Batman
859:, and
843:, and
813:, and
804:Batman
757:, and
708:(1949)
671:, and
568:Woodie
402:(1943)
317:Tarzan
303:, and
283:, and
125:serial
112:(1914)
5749:Sound
5729:Short
5486:Color
5409:Anime
5370:Josei
5360:Women
5353:ShĹŤjo
5321:Anime
5311:Black
5306:Adult
4866:Space
4769:Trial
4712:Snuff
4623:Women
4598:Opera
4547:Mummy
4542:Kaiju
4525:Anime
4520:Mecha
4513:Wuxia
4508:Ninja
4456:LGBTQ
4451:KaitĹŤ
4402:Harem
4385:Space
4365:Ghost
4313:Ecchi
4274:Dance
4247:Mafia
4232:Heist
4202:Crime
4160:Buddy
4129:Trick
4075:Legal
3732:Ghost
3670:Urban
3660:Space
3493:Legal
3473:Drama
3446:Mondo
3330:Black
2812:sound
1917:sound
1905:Pathé
1876:Judex
1760:with
1748:with
1736:with
1724:with
1712:with
1700:with
1688:with
1676:with
1664:with
1652:with
1640:with
1628:with
1616:with
1604:with
1592:with
1580:with
1568:with
1556:with
1544:with
368:Judex
131:, or
70:, or
5506:Cult
5343:Teen
5336:Stag
5327:Men
4806:Acid
4640:Road
4630:Race
4466:Yuri
4461:Yaoi
4291:Drug
4242:Hood
3687:Body
3601:High
3571:see
3549:Epic
3522:Pink
3456:Semi
3340:Sexy
3254:Film
3162:ISBN
3108:2024
3008:2019
2982:2019
2921:and
2915:The
1433:and
1375:and
1293:", "
1205:and
1146:and
1134:and
990:and
930:wins
889:and
875:and
863:and
733:and
725:and
639:and
631:and
565:Ford
291:and
243:and
206:hero
5446:Art
5414:Art
4779:War
4727:Spy
3973:Art
3712:Eco
3387:Sex
3305:Art
2814:(a
1464:NBC
1388:BBC
1012:BBC
907:.
761:.
353:in
301:Fox
182:or
127:),
5814::
5394:3D
3098:.
2998:.
2972:.
1500:,
1356:;
1350:;
1344:;
1328:,
1324:,
1318:,
1303:.
1252:.
1244:,
1199:,
1193:,
1187:,
1168:,
1162:,
1110:,
1066:,
1057:.
1045:,
851:,
839:,
835:,
807:,
801:,
795:,
753:,
667:,
663:,
659:,
655:,
651:,
647:,
602:.
299:,
279:,
178:,
174:,
163:,
116:A
3913:)
3909:(
3246:e
3239:t
3232:v
3110:.
3010:.
2984:.
1919:)
1907:)
1853:)
1817:)
1448:,
93:)
87:(
82:)
78:(
60:.
34:.
20:)
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