Finnish language - Knowledge

2629:); it may have connotations of pedantry, exaggeration, moderation, weaseling or sarcasm (somewhat like heavy use of Latinate words in English, or more old-fashioned or "pedantic" constructions: compare the difference between saying "There's no children I'll leave it to" and "There are no children to whom I shall leave it"). More common is the intrusion of typically literary constructions into a colloquial discourse, as a kind of quote from written Finnish. It is quite common to hear book-like and polished speech on radio or TV, and the constant exposure to such language tends to lead to the adoption of such constructions even in everyday language. 5827: 9630: 1744: 1921:, which is spoken on the Swedish side of the border is recognized in Sweden as its own distinct language, having its own standardized language separate from Finnish. This form of speech developed from the border created between Sweden and Finland in 1809 when Russia annexed Finland. This caused the speakers of Meänkieli to be isolated from the developments of standard Finnish and instead be influenced by the Swedish language. However, it is still mutually integible with Finnish, and is thus sometimes considered a dialect of the Finnish language. 1340: 305: 969: 1773: 518: 62: 6422: 4278: 1949: 2573:

from the colloquial varieties and, as its main application is writing, it features complex syntactic patterns that are not easy to handle when used in speech. The colloquial language develops significantly faster, and the grammatical and phonological changes also include the most common pronouns and suffixes, which amount to frequent but modest differences. Some sound changes have been left out of the formal language. For example, irregular verbs have developed in the spoken language as a result of the

1236: 9365: 957: 1331:. This meant that Finnish speakers could use their mother tongue only in everyday life. Finnish was considered inferior to Swedish, and Finnish speakers were second-class members of society because they could not use their language in any official situations. There were even efforts to reduce the use of Finnish through parish clerk schools, the use of Swedish in church, and by having Swedish-speaking servants and maids move to Finnish-speaking areas. 7331: 7345: 4100: 9314: 278: 5664: 2360: 9382: 9348: 291: 2457: 1719:, he acted as an arbiter in disputes about the development of standard Finnish between the proponents of western and eastern dialects, ensuring that the western dialects preferred by Agricola retained their preeminent role, while many originally dialect words from Eastern Finland were introduced to the standard language, thus enriching it considerably. The first novel written in Finnish (and by a Finnish speaker) was 9331: 2104: 5859:) reserved for words of non-Finnish origin. The Finnish orthography follows the phoneme principle: each phoneme (meaningful sound) of the language corresponds to exactly one grapheme (independent letter), and each grapheme represents almost exactly one phoneme. This enables an easy spelling and facilitates reading and writing acquisition. The rule of thumb for Finnish orthography is 5761: 1354: 5265:

Duchy. Swedish was retained as the official language and language of the upper class even after this. When Finnish was accepted as an official language, it gained legal equal status with Swedish. During the period of autonomy, Russian did not gain much ground as a language of the people or the government. Nevertheless, quite a few words were subsequently acquired from

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in Finnish. Unlike previous geographical borrowing, the influence of English is largely cultural and reaches Finland by many routes, including international business, music, film and TV (foreign films and programmes, excluding ones intended for a very young audience, are shown subtitled), literature,

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The main stress is always on the first syllable, and is in average speech articulated by adding approximately 100 ms more length to the stressed vowel. Stress does not cause any measurable modifications in vowel quality (very much unlike English). However, stress is not strong and words appear evenly

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No language census exists for Norway, neither for Kven, standard Finnish, or combined. As of 2023, 7,454 first- or second-generation immigrants from Finland were registered as having Norwegian residency, while as of 2021, 235 Finns were registered as foreigners studying at Norwegian higher education.

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The colloquial language has mostly developed naturally from earlier forms of Finnish, and spread from the main cultural and political centres. The standard language, however, has always been a consciously constructed medium for literature. It preserves grammatical patterns that have mostly vanished

2490:), is used in nearly all written texts, not always excluding even the dialogue of common people in popular prose. The spoken language, on the other hand, is the main variety of Finnish used in popular TV and radio shows and at workplaces, and may be preferred to a dialect in personal communication. 8118:

Recent research (Sammallahti 1977, Terho Itkonen 1983, Viitso 1985, 2000 etc., Koponen 1991, Salminen 1998 etc.) operates with three or more hypothetical Proto-Finnic proto-dialects and considers the evolution of present-day Finnic languages (partly) as a result of interference and amalgamation of

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More recently, Swedish has been a prolific source of borrowings, and also, the Swedish language acted as a proxy for European words, especially those relating to government. Present-day Finland was a part of Sweden from the 12th century and was ceded to Russia in 1809, becoming an autonomous Grand

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speaking Finnish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs. However, concerns have been expressed about the future status of Finnish in Sweden, for example, where

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Vowel harmony is a redundancy feature, which means that the feature is uniform within a word, and so it is necessary to interpret it only once for a given word. It is meaning-distinguishing in the initial syllable, and suffixes follow; so, if the listener hears in any part of the word, they can

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ideas of Finnish as a fully-fledged national language gained considerable support. Concerted efforts were made to improve the status of the language and to modernize it, and by the end of the century Finnish had become a language of administration, journalism, literature, and science in Finland,

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Long vowels and consonants are represented by double occurrences of the relevant graphemes. This causes no confusion, and permits these sounds to be written without having to nearly double the size of the alphabet to accommodate separate graphemes for long sounds. If a sequence of two identical

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The dialects of Finnish are divided into two distinct groups, Western and Eastern. The dialects are largely mutually intelligible and are distinguished from each other by changes in vowels, diphthongs and rhythm, as well as in preferred grammatical constructions. For the most part, the dialects

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Current models assume that three or more Proto-Finnic dialects evolved during the first millennium BCE. These dialects were defined geographically, and were distinguished from one another along a north–south split as well as an east–west split. The northern dialects of Proto-Finnic, from which

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became . The sound was written ⟨d⟩ or ⟨dh⟩ by Agricola. This sound was lost from most varieties of Finnish, either losing all phonetic realization or being pronounced as , , , or instead (depending on dialect and the position in the word). However, Agricola's spelling ⟨d⟩ prevailed, and the

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Finnish is spoken by about five million people, most of whom reside in Finland. There are also notable Finnish-speaking minorities in Sweden, Norway, Russia, Estonia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. The majority of the population of Finland (90.37% as of 2010) speak Finnish as their

929:. The strong case for Proto-Uralic is supported by common vocabulary with regularities in sound correspondences, as well as by the fact that the Uralic languages have many similarities in structure and grammar. Despite having overlapping geographical distributions, Finnic languages and 699:. Finnic languages form a dialect continuum, where for instance Finnish and Estonian are not separated by any single isogloss that would separate dialects considered "Finnish" from those considered "Estonian", despite the two standard languages being not mutually intelligible. 7706: 6475: 4014:('into his product'), where the final vowel becomes the back vowel "a" (rather than the front vowel "ä") because the initial syllable contains the back vowels "uo". This is especially notable because vowels "a" and "ä" are different, meaning-distinguishing 2558:). Standard Finnish is used in official texts and is the form of language taught in schools. Its spoken form is used in political speech, newscasts, in courts, and in other formal situations. Nearly all publishing and printed works are in standard Finnish. 5460:

However, this does not mean that Finnish is threatened by English. Borrowing is normal language evolution, and neologisms are coined actively not only by the government, but also by the media. Moreover, Finnish and English have a considerably different

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of very basic and neutral words exists in Finnish and other Finnic languages that are absent from other Uralic languages, but without a recognizable etymology from any known language. These words are usually regarded as the last remnant of the

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can be found, Finnic languages, including Finnish, have borrowed in particular from Baltic and Germanic languages, and to a lesser extent from Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (all of which are subgroupings of Indo-European). Furthermore,

2014:, a common feature of Uralic languages, had been lost in the Finnic branch, but it has been reacquired by most of these languages, including Eastern Finnish, but not Western Finnish. In Finnish orthography, this is denoted with a "j", e.g. 3460:

Finnish has a small consonant inventory, in which voicing is mostly not distinctive and fricatives are scarce. In the table below, consonants in parentheses are either found only in a few recent loans or are allophones of other phonemes.

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stressed. In some cases, stress is so weak that the highest points of volume, pitch and other indicators of "articulation intensity" are not on the first syllable, although native speakers recognize the first syllable as being stressed.

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The literary language certainly still exerts a considerable influence upon the spoken word, because illiteracy is nonexistent and many Finns are avid readers. In fact, it is still not entirely uncommon to meet people who "talk book-ish"

2650:. It has been reinforced by the spelling "ts" for the dental fricative , used earlier in some western dialects. The spelling and the pronunciation this encourages however approximate the original pronunciation, still reflected in e.g. 7714: 6472: 1671:'in the EU'. (This contrasts with some other alphabetic writing systems, which would use other symbols, such as e.g. apostrophe, hyphen.) Since suffixes play a prominent role in the language, this use of the colon is quite common. 4204:'I eat a fish (completely)' must denote a future event, since there is no way to completely eat a fish at the current moment (the moment the eating is complete, the simple past tense or the perfect must be used). By contrast, 4067:'of the precise'. There is also another gradation pattern, which is older, and causes simple elision of T and K in suffixes. However, it is very common since it is found in the partitive case marker: if V is a single vowel, V+ 6278:, following German usage, is rarer and usually considered incorrect, but formally used in passports and equivalent situations. Both conversion rules have minimal pairs which would no longer be distinguished from each other. 6474: 6440: 1185:). While the eastern dialects of Proto-Finnic (which developed in the modern-day eastern Finnish dialects, Veps, Karelian, and Ingrian) formed genitive plural nouns via plural stems (e.g., eastern Finnish 8548:[The official language they learn in school is Swedish. As a result, for many Meänkieli speakers, reading texts in Finnish, and especially the formal language, is difficult, even overwhelming.] 6315:. This is a deviation from the phonetic principle, and as such is liable to cause confusion, but the damage is minimal as the transcribed words are foreign in any case. Finnish does not use the sounds 3327:

There are noticeable differences between dialects. Here the formal language does not mean a language spoken in formal occasions but the standard language which exists practically only in written form.

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and others began to stress the need to improve the status of Finnish. Ever since the days of Mikael Agricola, written Finnish had been used almost exclusively in religious contexts, but now Snellman's

4198:(past + perfective aspect). No morphological future tense is needed; context and the telicity contrast in object grammatical case serve to disambiguate present events from future events. For example, 8546:

Se virallinen kieli, jonka he koulussa oppivat, on ruotsi. Tästä johtuu, että useille meänkielisille suomenkielisen tekstin lukeminen ja varsinkin viranomaisten kieli on vaikeata, ylivoimaistakin.

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operate on the same phonology and grammar. There are only marginal examples of sounds or grammatical constructions specific to some dialect and not found in standard Finnish. Two examples are the

5499:, rarely being used in a negative mood or in formal language. Since English and Finnish grammar, pronunciation and phonetics differ considerably, most loan words are inevitably sooner or later 6009:(as in German, for example), and they are considered independent graphemes; the letter shapes have been copied from Swedish. An appropriate parallel from the Latin alphabet are the characters 1540:: geminate and short) in some of the earliest written records. Though these developed into a variety of other sounds depending on dialect (, , , , , or ), the standard language has arrived at 519: 63: 6438: 5610:

Neologisms are actively generated by the Language Planning Office and the media. They are widely adopted. One would actually give an old-fashioned or rustic impression using forms such as

8006: 1524:. The sounds and disappeared from the language, surviving only in a small rural region in Western Finland. In the standard language, however, the effect of the lost sounds is thus: 8810: 6289:

are not a part of the Finnish language itself and have been introduced by the Finnish national languages body for more phonologically accurate transcription of loanwords (such as

9761: 6473: 5401:, to adopt English as their official operating language. Recently, it has been observed that English borrowings are also ousting previous borrowings, for example the switch from 4245:). There is a so-called "passive voice" (sometimes called impersonal or indefinite) which differs from a true passive in various respects. Transitivity is distinguished in the 6439: 6378:

Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä.

1273:" English: "I want to speak Finnish, I am not able to"). According to the travel journal, the words are those of a Finnish bishop whose name is unknown. The erroneous use of 1103:

reports produced for the Swedish government during 2017 show that minority language policies are not being respected, particularly for the 7% of Finns settled in the country.

7885: 6383:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood." 3346:

The phoneme inventory of Finnish is moderately small, with a great number of vocalic segments and a restricted set of consonant types, both of which can be long or short.

8741: 8473: 7596: 9987: 1914:. The dialects spoken in the western parts of Lapland are recognizable by retention of old "h" sounds in positions where they have disappeared from other dialects. 1001:), or another language as their first language. Finnish is spoken as a second language in Estonia by about 167,000 people. The Finnic varities found in Norway's 6409:

Hyväntahtoinen aurinko katseli heitä. Se ei missään tapauksessa ollut heille vihainen. Kenties tunsi jonkinlaista myötätuntoakin heitä kohtaan. Aika velikultia.

7943:[Convention between Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway on the right of Nordic citizens to use their own language in another Nordic country]. 9973: 8899: 4584: 1360:

as depicted in a 19th-century caricature – Lönnrot made several journeys to Karelia and Eastern Finland to collect folklore, from which he compiled the

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Nordlund, Taru (13 January 2012). "Standardization of Finnish orthography: From reformists to national awakeners". In Baddeley, Susan; Voeste, Anja (eds.).

5076:. Owing to the different grammatical, phonological and phonotactic structure of the Finnish language, loanwords from Indo-European have been assimilated. 4299: 631:

word order, although the extensive use of inflection allows them to be ordered differently. Word order variations are often reserved for differences in

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Especially words dealing with administrative or modern culture came to Finnish from Swedish, sometimes reflecting the oldest Swedish form of the word (

7318:"like discovering a complete wine-cellar filled with bottles of an amazing wine of a kind and flavour never tasted before. It quite intoxicated me..." 5938:) and all consonant clusters do not have distinctive length, and consequently their allophonic variation is typically not specified in spelling; e.g. 5375:, which indicates language contact preceding the Swedish era. This is mainly believed to be result of trade with Novgorod from the 9th century on and 3358:

is quite restricted. All vowels are possible in both initial and non-initial syllables, whether long or short. Long and short vowels are shown below.

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Several theories exist as to the geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages. The most widely held view is that they originated as a

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Finnish has several morphophonological processes that require modification of the forms of words for daily speech. The most important processes are

8861:"Modulation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) to vowel duration changes in native speakers of Finnish and German as a result of language experience" 1036:, around 1000 people in Russia claimed to speak Finnish natively; however, a larger amount of 14,000 claimed to be able to speak Finnish in total. 6414:"The sun smiled down on them. It wasn't angry – no, not by any means. Maybe it even felt some sort of sympathy for them. Rather dear, those boys." 7854: 2499: 1013:) have the status of official minority languages, and thus can be considered distinct languages from Finnish. However, since these languages are 8587: 8529: 3949:

had only "a", "ä" and "i" in non-initial syllables; modern Finnish allows other vowels in non-initial syllables, although they are less common.

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Finnish is somewhat divergent from other Uralic languages in two respects: it has lost most of its fricatives and lost the distinction between

7941:"Konvention mellan Sverige, Danmark, Finland, Island och Norge om nordiska medborgares rätt att använda sitt eget språk i annat nordiskt land" 4387:

Here are some of the more common such suffixes. Which of each pair is used depends on the word being suffixed in accordance with the rules of

10550: 10360: 8771: 7998: 6266:, respectively. This is common in e-mail addresses and other electronic media where there may be no support for characters outside the basic 9018: 948:, United States, classifies Finnish as a level III language (of four levels) in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers. 9161: 8814: 7971: 5072:

Over the course of many centuries, the Finnish language has borrowed many words from a wide variety of languages, most from neighbouring

2203: 1201:), the western dialects of Proto-Finnic (today's Estonian, Livonian and western Finnish varieties) used the non-plural stems (e.g., Est. 1029:

estimates Kven speakers at 2,000-8,000. Altogether, this results in a total amount of Finnish-speakers roughly between 7,200 and 15,600.

202: 5770:(1543), the first book written in the Finnish language. The spelling of Finnish in the book had many inconsistencies: for example, the 11015: 9419: 4041:

process for P, T and K in inherited vocabulary, with the oblique stem "weakened" from the nominative stem, or vice versa. For example,

1854:), the change of d to l (mostly obsolete) or trilled r (widespread, nowadays disappearance of d is popular) and the personal pronouns ( 545:

language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two

11020: 7453: 2589:), but only when the second syllable of the word is short. The result is that some forms in the spoken language are shortened, e.g. 2484:). The standard language is used in formal situations like political speeches and newscasts. Its written form, the "book language" ( 7364: 1818:. They are closest to the standard language, but feature some slight vowel changes, such as the opening of diphthong-final vowels ( 1808:. Their typical feature is abbreviation of word-final vowels, and in many respects they resemble Estonian. The Tavastian dialects ( 11007:

In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required.

7940: 7877: 7684: 7619: 4988:'without jumping around'. The diversity and compactness of both derivation and inflectional agglutination can be illustrated with 5631: 5273:) but not to the same extent as with Swedish. In all these cases, borrowing has been partly a result of geographical proximity. 10327: 8390: 5728: 2424: 1404: 350: 8101: 10393: 9265: 9246: 9227: 8993: 8566:

The official minority languages of Sweden: Finnish, Meänkieli, Sámi, Romani, Yiddish, and sign language: a short presentation

8512: 8306: 8260: 8085: 7924: 7659: 6369: 5700: 2396: 8749: 8477: 8229: 8161: 7409: 5196:

occurs only in restricted contexts. There are other close-kinship words that are loaned from Baltic and Germanic languages (

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conducted ethnographic research and, among other topics, he documented the geographic distribution of the Finnish dialects.

8072:, Studies in Language Companion Series, vol. 54, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. clxxix–ccxii, 3876:, characteristic of Uralic languages, the eastern dialects and the Karelian language have redeveloped it. For example, the 2523: 2052:

by young Santeri Ivalo (words that do not exist in, or deviate from, the standard spoken Finnish of its time are in bold):

1713:. His impact on the development of modern vocabulary in Finnish was particularly significant. In addition to compiling the 1392:

still relies on his innovations with regard to spelling, though Agricola used less systematic spelling than is used today.

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Others revised Agricola's work later, striving for a more systematic writing system. Along the way, Finnish lost several

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Hakulinen, Auli et al. (2004): Iso suomen kielioppi. SKS:n toimituksia 950. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.

5707: 3787:, and thus in inherited vocabulary only occurs medially. Especially when spoken by older people, it is often more of an 2403: 10161: 8561:

Sveriges officiella minoritetsspråk: finska, meänkieli, samiska, romani, jiddisch och teckenspråk: en kort presentation

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language spoken in Fennoscandia before the arrival of the proto-Finnic language. Words included in this group are e.g.

4144: 3939:

A feature of Finnic phonology is the development of labial and rounded vowels in non-initial syllables, as in the word

9135: 10543: 10353: 9198: 9086: 8952: 8797: 8581: 8457: 8365: 7548: 6431: 5747: 5681: 5397:

The importance of English as the language of global commerce has led many non-English companies, including Finland's

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Consonant clusters are mostly absent from native Finnish words, except for a small set of two-consonant sequences in

2443: 2377: 2005: 8331: 8186: 4295: 11087: 11052: 3638: 1132:, which themselves continued to change and diverge, yielding yet more descendants. One of these descendants is the 17: 8918: 5714: 2951: 2582: 2410: 9291: 8639: 5813: 5457:'one cannot'. This construct, however, is limited to colloquial language, as it is against the standard grammar. 5184:), which is interesting because borrowing of close-kinship vocabulary is a rare phenomenon. The original Finnish 3727:

in native vocabulary (where it could alternatively be analysed as an allophone of /n/), and the long velar nasal

3622: 2646:, as this pattern was originally (1940) found natively only in the dialects of the southern Karelian isthmus and 469: 8837: 8422: 7737:"05183: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, in total, by sex and country background 1970 - 2023" 6327:, but for the sake of exactitude, they can be included in spelling. (The recommendation cites the Russian opera 9412: 9337: 5685: 5347:

Some Slavic loanwords are old or very old, thus hard to recognize as such, and concern everyday concepts, e.g.

3662: 2712:

The orthography of informal language follows that of the formal. However, in signalling the former in writing,

2381: 1815: 1150: 5171:—they display a remarkable tendency towards phonological conservation within the language. Another example is 4225:

with subject nouns in person and number by way of suffixes. The (dictionary form) infinitive bears the suffix

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A prominent example of the effect of the standard language is the development of the consonant gradation form

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of languages, of which Finnish is a member, are hypothesized to derive from a single ancestor language termed

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Haspelmath, Martin Dryer; Gil, Matthew S; Comrie, David; Bickel, Bernard; Balthasar Nichols, Johanna (2005).

7289: 5696: 4282: 3853:. All other fricatives are recognized as foreign, of which Finnish speakers can usually reliably distinguish 2392: 1975: 1936:, in Norway. Its speakers are descendants of Finnish emigrants to the region in the 18th and 19th centuries. 436: 371: 389: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11010: 10536: 10346: 9108: 7793: 7576:. Congressus Nonus Internationalis Fenno-Ugristarum I: Orationes plenariae & Orationes publicae. Tartu. 7481:Öst, Heidi (2013). "Recent Legal Developments in Sweden: What Effect for Finnish and Meänkieli Speakers?". 7359: 3630: 1091: 1026: 6137: 6108: 6100: 6053: 6045: 5971: 5889: 5771: 5394: – the latter is now probably the most important source of all non-face-to-face exposure to English. 3915: 3887: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3780: 3776: 3764: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3432: 3425: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3266: 2696: 2682: 2668: 2654: 2633: 2299: 1887: 1619: 9189: 8667:"Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic" 6394: 5953: 5944: 5926: 5901: 5797: 4242: 3978: 3648: 2465: 2198: 1873: 1537: 628: 344: 197: 8612: 10951: 9798: 8449: 3873: 3842: 3676: 3551: 2124: 2011: 1791: 1476: 1308: 1254:. The first known written example of Finnish itself is found in a German travel journal dating back to 1095: 1072: 941: 867:

Shared basic vocabulary displaying regular sound correspondences with the other Uralic languages (e.g.

187: 7846: 11057: 11047: 9982: 9405: 8573: 8559: 5911: 5897: 5811: 5795: 5787: 5089: 4151: 1502: 1474: 1446: 1426: 1247: 1239: 1148: 1133: 961: 4143:, its morpheme-to-word ratio being somewhat lower than a prototypical polysynthetic language (e.g., 1407:) should correspond to one letter, he failed to achieve this goal in various respects. For example, 1071:

since 1995. However, the Finnish language did not have an official status in the country during the

10944: 10868: 10861: 10094: 9877: 9872: 9566: 9437: 6077: 5893: 5789: 5094: 3558: 3440:

The quality of long vowels mostly overlaps with the quality of short vowels, with the exception of

3161: 2955: 2586: 1963: 1786:" looks like it means "So we don't go for a coffee?" but actually means "Shall we go for a coffee?" 430: 8763: 6064:) can be seen as an exception to the general one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters. 5826: 4139:

of affixes to verbs, nouns, adjectives and numerals. However, Finnish is not generally considered

10915: 10894: 10875: 10779: 10619: 10612: 9914: 9882: 9583: 5968: 5674: 5084: 5073: 4222: 3594: 3586: 3567: 2370: 2323: 1753: 1448: 1428: 676: 253: 217: 9009: 4186:

perfective aspect, which in addition to the two inflectional tenses (past and present), yield a

2216: 207: 10908: 10901: 10657: 10007: 10002: 9900: 9466: 9371: 8665:

Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (8 June 2022).

7389: 5379: 4140: 4115:

can mean either "should I return" or "should I burn" depending on whether it is inflected from

3484: 3077: 3035: 1680: 1541: 1530: 1504: 1301: 1076: 1014: 624: 592: 589: 562: 10246: 10089: 9660: 9157: 8344:"θ on sama äänne kuin th englannin sanassa thing. ð sama äänne kuin th englannin sanassa this. 7975: 5721: 3794:

than a true voiced stop, and the dialectal realization varies widely; see the main article on

2417: 994: 10883: 10486: 10453: 10448: 10306: 10225: 10120: 10084: 10079: 10074: 9826: 8860: 8151:"Kielen aika: Valtionhallinnon 200-vuotisnäyttelystä Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskuksessa" 7299: 6002: 5429:(hard disk), and so are grammatical calques, for example, the replacement of the impersonal ( 5326:, 'potato'), and many more survive as informal synonyms in spoken or dialectal Finnish (e.g. 4305: 4246: 4031: 3696: 3656: 3519: 3512: 2516:

dictionary that defined official language. An additional volume for words of foreign origin (

1952:

A sign in Savonian dialect: "You don't get cognac here, but fresh wheat buns and good strong

1901: 1883: 1292: 1033: 934: 914: 632: 612: 6060:. The fact that two spellings correspond to this one sound (putting aside the difference in 6029:

Although Finnish is almost completely written as it is spoken, there are a few differences:

3452:. There are eighteen diphthongs; like vowels, diphthongs do not have significant allophony. 2720:– especially internal – may occasionally amongst other characteristics be transcribed, e.g. 2238: 1300:

are typical of foreign speakers of Finnish even today. At the time, most priests in Finland

10725: 10632: 10502: 10267: 10177: 9793: 8678: 8220:[National identity in Sweden and Finland in the 17th–18th centuries, an overview]. 6025:) but are considered distinct letters, and changing one for the other will change meanings. 5470: 5297: 4109:, meaning "Should I return to my ex or burn in Hell - I don't fucking know". The same word 3604: 2537: 2503: 1897: 1886:. Their most notable feature is the pronunciation of "d" as a tapped or even fully trilled 945: 874: 640: 7588: 7459: 8: 10733: 10559: 10369: 9931: 9821: 9739: 9008:

Kiparsky, Paul (2003). "Finnish noun inflection". In Diane Nelson; Satu Manninen (eds.).

7455:О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия 5653: 5491:'headache', 'headshot' or 'headbutt'. Often these loanwords are distinctly identified as 5473:, discouraging direct borrowing. English loan words in Finnish slang include for example 4103:

An example of the versatility of Finnish inflection. The label of this beer bottle reads

3988: 3784: 3740: 3615: 2713: 1654: 1517: 998: 688: 636: 329: 135: 8682: 4210:'I eat a fish (not yet complete)' denotes a present event by indicating ongoing action. 4190:-like system consisting of four tense-aspect combinations: simple present, simple past, 10938: 10804: 10774: 10718: 10672: 10050: 9859: 9849: 9788: 9454: 8701: 8666: 8417: 8028:

Bakro-Nagy, M. (July 2005). "The Uralic Language Family. Facts, Myths and Statistics".

7948: 7634: 4214: 4187: 4159: 4132: 3528: 3479: 2836: 2567: 2475: 2168: 1805: 1743: 1658: 1381: 883: 707: 546: 192: 7680: 2709:). Neither of these forms are identifiable as, or originate from, a specific dialect. 2303: 1124:, spoken sometime between 8,000 and 2,000 BCE (estimates vary) in the vicinity of the 422: 10845: 10759: 10286: 10057: 10014: 9629: 9611: 9595: 9578: 9573: 9460: 9261: 9242: 9223: 9194: 9082: 9060: 8989: 8985: 8958: 8948: 8880: 8793: 8706: 8577: 8508: 8453: 8361: 8302: 8081: 8045: 7920: 7768: 7740: 7554: 7544: 7521: 7498: 7379: 7311: 5466: 4191: 4179: 3877: 3795: 3578: 3499: 3489: 3336: 2651: 2268: 1801: 1545: 1396: 1389: 1339: 1320: 1160: 1156: 1129: 1080: 1064: 1044: 1018: 696: 680: 566: 212: 10411: 10233: 9638: 9286: 8382: 7420: 6190:

is not written in forms derived from words that consist of two syllables and end in

4908:

are found, often combined with each other, often denoting indirection. For example,

3838:, ('ostrich'), they have been integrated to the modern language in varying degrees. 475: 10985: 10975: 10923: 10855: 10820: 10789: 10707: 10652: 10647: 10637: 10573: 10383: 10196: 9997: 9867: 9808: 9561: 9554: 9539: 9445: 9428: 9056: 9052: 8981: 8910: 8876: 8872: 8696: 8686: 8292: 8105: 8073: 8037: 7912: 7490: 7374: 7295: 6388: 6061: 5376: 5266: 4290:

was the first comprehensive dictionary of the Finnish language with 16,000 entries.

4287: 4155: 3474: 3469: 2334: 1989: 1911: 1772: 1695: 1324: 1316: 1251: 1140: 1117: 1099: 1048: 1040: 703: 692: 672: 668: 550: 542: 538: 533: 512: 239: 160: 155: 56: 10436: 10416: 10239: 9720: 9710: 9487: 8252: 6017:(uppercase), which historically have a closer kinship than many other characters ( 1710: 1699: 1357: 968: 10990: 10970: 10928: 10850: 10835: 10825: 10799: 10746: 10687: 10682: 10667: 10662: 10642: 10606: 10596: 10443: 10219: 10025: 10019: 9889: 9841: 9831: 9770: 9617: 9517: 8859:

Kirmse, U; Ylinen, S; Tervaniemi, M; Vainio, M; Schröger, E; Jacobsen, T (2008).

8723:

Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021).

8691: 8217: 8150: 8041: 7336: 6081: 5462: 5372: 4539: 4453: 4094: 4023: 3845:

and non-palatalized consonants. Finnish has only two fricatives in native words,

3688: 3494: 3354:

Finnish monophthongs show eight vowel qualities that contrast in duration. Vowel

1709:

The most important contributions to improving the status of Finnish were made by

1703: 1373: 1347: 1343: 1312: 1084: 982: 445: 244: 147: 9281: 6160:

is written in forms derived from words that consist of two syllables and end in

4277: 4172:'I shot the/an elk (dead)'), and the partitive case denotes incomplete actions ( 2546:, 1,600 pages) was published in 2004. There is also an etymological dictionary, 1948: 10888: 10794: 10784: 10769: 10764: 10754: 10739: 10697: 10601: 10591: 10261: 10114: 10043: 9968: 9961: 9952: 9945: 9939: 9894: 9747: 9605: 9588: 9504: 9492: 9477: 7350: 7302:, had a keen interest in languages from a young age, and became a professional 6970:

Lit. 'be good', also used when giving someone something to mean 'here you are'

6400: 6296: 5838: 5391: 5270: 5256: 3965:

morphology; owing to the extensive use of the latter, words can be quite long.

3957:

Characteristic features of Finnish (common to some other Uralic languages) are

3791: 3310: 2285: 2158: 2041: 1721: 1218: 1164: 1125: 1068: 1067:

of Finland (the other being Swedish), and has been an official language of the

1052: 986: 978: 930: 922: 731: 711: 573:, which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish, is spoken in the 310: 296: 228: 9679: 9666: 9654: 8297: 7736: 7707:"Ethnic nationality. Mother tongue and command of foreign languages. Dialects" 7494: 7431: 5503: – translated into native Finnish – retaining the semantic meaning. 5385:

Most recently, and with increasing impact, English has been the source of new

972:

Areas in Central and Southern Sweden with a Finnish-speaking population (2005)

11041: 10933: 10830: 10712: 10692: 10627: 10463: 9907: 9816: 9780: 9600: 9544: 9524: 9510: 9497: 9064: 8358:

Spreading the Written Word: Mikael Agricola and the Birth of Literary Finnish

8049: 7663: 7558: 7525: 7502: 7410:

StatFin -Väestörakenne - 11rm - Kieli sukupuolen mukaan kunnittain, 1990-2023

6330: 5875:

vowels in different syllables occurs, it is written with an apostrophe, e.g.

5830: 5131: 4957: 4905: 4893: 4388: 4262: 4136: 3984: 3962: 3958: 3813: 3544: 2251: 2001: 1979: 1937: 1925: 1761: 1757: 1235: 1217:). Another defining characteristic of the east–west split was the use of the 1006: 990: 918: 782: 756: 722: 656: 570: 10253: 10133: 9684: 6872:

for example to mean 'looking forward to seeing you' after arranging a visit

4882: 1978:

and nearby areas, and the South-Eastern dialects now spoken only in Finnish

1388:

for the language, which he based on Swedish, German, and Latin. The Finnish

1376:, a Finnish bishop, in the 16th century. He based his writing system on the 1039:

There are also forms of Finnish spoken by diasporas outside Europe, such as

10994: 10980: 10702: 10677: 9757: 9482: 9131: 8962: 8884: 8710: 8330:(in Finnish). Kotus (The Research Institute for the Languages of Finland). 7620:"Zero-Based Language Aptitude Test Design: Where's the Focus for the Test?" 7369: 5511:

Some modern terms have been synthesised rather than borrowed, for example:

5080: 4304:

Finnish has a smaller core vocabulary than, for example, English, and uses

3946: 3897: 2964:(i.e., personal pronouns are usually mandatory in the colloquial language) 2870:

various alternative, usually shorter, forms of 1st and 2nd person pronouns

2513: 1997: 1732: 1555: 1521: 1510: 1155:. This vowel was found only in the southern dialects, which developed into 1136: 1121: 746: 644: 235: 10431: 10426: 10406: 9715: 9705: 9673: 9549: 9320: 9222:. Routledge Essential Grammars (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Routledge. 8218:"Kansallinen identiteetti Ruotsissa ja Suomessa 1600–1700-luvuilla näkymä" 8077: 7916: 6299:') and foreign names. For technical reasons or convenience, the graphemes 4158:: accusative and partitive. The contrast between accusative and partitive 2224: 1918: 1698:

published the first Swedish-Finnish dictionary, and between 1866 and 1880

1010: 956: 558: 406: 10507: 10458: 9184: 8728: 8194: 7997:

Fellman, Fredrika; Makashova, Liliia; Zhuhan, Viktoriia (13 March 2018).

7307: 7303: 6042: 5436: 4218: 4183: 3720: 2533: 1687: 1558: 1385: 760: 10421: 9725: 9689: 8976:

Kratzer, Angelika (2004), "Telicity and the Meaning of Objective Case",

8323: 8131:

Wulf, Christine (1982). "Zwei Finnische Sätze aus dem 15. Jahrhundert".

2468:

of Finnish used throughout the country. One is the "standard language" (

10146: 8914: 8322:

Rekunen, Jorma; Yli-Luukko, Eeva; Yli-Paavola, Jaakko (19 March 2007).

7436: 6455: 6006: 4422: 4195: 3506: 2088: 684: 652: 648: 639:

uses a Latin-script alphabet derived from the Swedish alphabet, and is

620: 10528: 10338: 9354: 8643: 8412: 8259:. Translated by Roderick, Fletcher. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. 6350:

The language may be identified by its distinctive lack of the letters

2532:) was published in an electronic form in 2004 and in print in 2006. A 1780:

dialect is famous for its seemingly inverted questions. For example, "

1661:

of a word and its grammatical ending in some cases, for example after

10512: 8858: 8829: 8828:

Maddieson, Ian (2013). Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.).

6933:

are literally 'thanks', but are also used when requesting something,

6307:

are often used in quickly or less carefully written texts instead of

6210:'difference'), words which do not clearly derive from a single word ( 5601: 4901: 4897: 4629: 4266: 4099: 4019: 3866: 3826:. However, as many recently adopted loanwords contain clusters, e.g. 3449: 3355: 2311: 1536:

became . These interdental fricatives were written as ⟨tz⟩ (for both

1400: 933:

are not closely related, and the hypothesis of a separate taxonomic "

847: 604: 415: 399: 381: 363: 9134:[The letters š and ž in Finnish spelling]. Helsinki: KOTUS. 9043:

Shore, Susanna (December 1988). "On the so-called Finnish passive".

7541:

Free word order in Finnish : its syntax and discourse functions

6953:

Lit. 'thank you, the same way' (used as a response to well-wishing)

5920:

is not transcribed; the spelling of morphemes is immutable, such as

5663: 2359: 9397: 7823: 7330: 6870:

is used in a broader range of contexts in Finnish than in English;

6070:

phenomena at word or clitic boundaries involving gemination (e.g.,

5766: 5386: 4973: 4321: 4232: 4166:, where the accusative case denotes actions completed as intended ( 4163: 4038: 4027: 3806: 3749: 3744: 2961: 2947: 2601:('I come'), while others remain identical to the standard language 2578: 2552:, published in 1992–2000, and a handbook of contemporary language ( 2456: 1929: 1715: 1702:

compiled the first Finnish-Swedish dictionary. In the same period,

1363: 1002: 582: 487: 335: 91: 3809:) forms, although length is only contrastive in medial positions. 1968:

The Eastern dialects consist of the widespread Savonian dialects (

1372:

The first comprehensive writing system for Finnish was created by

10517: 10470: 6399:(The Unknown Soldier); these words were also inscribed in the 20 6250:

When the appropriate characters are not available, the graphemes

5221: 4938:'to make someone jump repeatedly' (or 'to boss someone around'), 4015: 3538: 3270: 3157: 3025: 2943: 2818: 2574: 1662: 1653:

Modern Finnish punctuation, along with that of Swedish, uses the

1622:

pronunciation for some English words with "gh", such as "tough"),

608: 500: 483: 283: 119: 75: 9100: 9089:). Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura 1996. See pages 166 and 173. 2522:, 30,000 entries) was published in 1991. An updated dictionary, 8836:. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. 8504: 7999:"Sweden's Finns fear minority language rights are under threat" 6795:

is literally 'what (to you) is heard?' or 'what concerns you?'

6446:

Taken from Knowledge article on the Finnish language in Finnish

6067: 5917: 5864: 5500: 5496: 5420: 5154: 5135: 2717: 2647: 2315: 2307: 1993: 1250:

from the early 13th century is the first known document in any

675:; as such, it is one of the few European languages that is not 596: 574: 554: 129: 124: 95: 83: 79: 8328:

Kauden murre (online publication: samples of Finnish dialects)

6121:

is not used in writing words with consonant gradation such as

5892:. In some positions, it has a fricative quality, which can be 4944:'to make someone to cause a third person to jump repeatedly', 4154:

of Finnish is nominative–accusative, but there are two object

2103: 9296: 8664: 6463:(translation from Liesl Yamaguchi's 2015 "Unknown Soldiers") 6267: 5639: 5595: 5540:'computer' (literally: 'knowledge machine' or 'data machine') 5492: 5398: 5243: 3995:

derive for the initial syllable. For example, from the stem

2498:

Standard Finnish is prescribed by the Language Office of the

1933: 1777: 1684: 1328: 926: 578: 105: 87: 8321: 4994:'I wonder if I should sit down for a while after all' (from 4892:

Verbal derivational suffixes are extremely diverse; several

2086:

tapaamaan, ja jäimme sinne pariksi tunniksi, kunnes ajoimme

8900:"Onko suomen kielen astevaihtelu epäproduktiivinen jäänne?" 7384: 5760: 4308:

suffixes to a greater extent. As an example, take the word

4178:'I shot (at) the/an elk'). Often telicity is confused with 1353: 1167:. The northern variants used third person singular pronoun 616: 600: 9105:

Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja EVE

5996: 5988: 1270:

Minä tahdon kernaasti puhua suomen kielen, en minä taida;

486:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

9388: 8613:"Meänkieli, yksi Ruotsin vähemmistökielistä – Kielikello" 7878:"Itäprojekti matkaa siperiansuomalaisten uinuviin kyliin" 7762:"Facts about education in Norway 2023 – key figures 2021" 7515: 5978:

without the fricative ("hissing") quality of the English

9260:. Teach Yourself Books. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 7789: 7633:(1–2). Defense Language Institute: 11–30. Archived from 5251:'man' (the latter probably via similar circumstances as 4182:, but these are distinct notions. Finnish in fact has a 2619:

can be used in spoken language in other forms as well.

9130:

Saukkonen, Pauli; Räikkälä, Anneli (30 January 1998).

7996: 6706:

Lit. 'Until seeing', illative of the third infinitive

5644:, which has also been loaned to many other languages. 4300:

Wiktionary:Category:English terms derived from Finnish

1625:

between a liquid consonant or and a vowel (like in

1075:, which ended in 1809. After the establishment of the 7314:. He described his first encounter with Finnish was: 5063:'I wonder if I should sit down for a while after all' 9132:"Kirjaimet š ja ž suomen kielenoikeinkirjoituksessa" 9011:

Generative Approaches to Finnicand Saami Linguistics

7972:"20th anniversary of the Nordic Language Convention" 7326: 6335:

as an example.) Many speakers pronounce all of them

6156:), but in writing there are quite simple rules: The 6136:

In speech there is no difference between the use of

5214:'whore'). Examples of the ancient Iranian loans are 5178: 5165: 5158: 3805:

Almost all consonants have phonemic short and long (

2502:

and is the language used in official communication.

2107:

Traditional Finnish dialect areas before World War I

1264:

Mÿnna tachton gernast spuho sommen gelen Emÿna daÿda

1242:

is the oldest known document in any Finnic language.

5863:. However, morphemes retain their spelling despite 5688:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5622:(calculator) when the neologism is widely adopted. 5590:'to mould, form or model, e.g. from clay'; compare 4395:Examples of Finnish derivational suffixes on nouns 2384:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2000:and refugees were resettled all over Finland. Most 1083:, the language obtained its official status in the 898: 877: 5904:. This occurs after or between vowels, as in e.g. 5636:The most commonly used Finnish word in English is 4106:Palaisiko eksän luo vai helvetissä - en vittu tiiä 1529:pronunciation in Standard Finnish became through 9129: 7816:"Росстат — Всероссийская перепись населения 2020" 7571: 5451:'one cannot' or impersonal third-person singular 5365:'priest'. Notably, a few religious words such as 5138:, are probably from before the proto-Finnic era. 4950:'to, without aim, make someone jump repeatedly', 2282:East Savonian dialects or North Karelian dialects 2029: 1917:One form of speech related to Northern dialects, 11039: 8945:Language, an introduction to the study of speech 8499:Ristkari, Maiju (2014). "Tavit Turun toreilla". 8068:Laakso, Johanna (2001), "The Finnic languages", 6111:at all, but in writing it is used; for example: 3045:to standard Estonian confirmatory interrogative 1890:. The Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects ( 817:possessive suffixes such as 1st person singular 8099: 7875: 6640:Used on greeting and also when taking farewell 6552:used on greeting and also when taking farewell 6535:used on greeting and also when taking farewell 5445:'you cannot', instead of the proper impersonal 2845:is 3rd person singular in the formal language) 2667:). In the spoken language, a fusion of Western 2500:Research Institute for the Languages of Finland 2008:to various interior areas of the Soviet Union. 960:Share of Finnish speakers in the population of 904: 886: 702:Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other 683:and a few minority languages spoken around the 9183:Tolkien, J. R. R. (1981). "Letter no. 163 (to 7660:"Tunnuslukuja väestöstä alueittain, 1990-2021" 7618:Lowe, Pardee Jr. (1998). Woytak, Lidia (ed.). 6466: 6180:, 'word'), and in words that are old-stylish ( 4314:"a book", from which one can form derivatives 4037:Consonant gradation is a partly nonproductive 3881: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3046: 2662: 1548:and hence not subject to consonant gradation). 1202: 1180: 1090:Finnish also enjoys the status of an official 10544: 10354: 10162: 10138: 9413: 9292:Finnish phrases for beginners (Public Domain) 9079:Suomalaisten esihistoria kielitieteen valossa 8834:The World Atlas of Language Structures Online 8725:Geographical database of the Uralic languages 8443: 7675: 7673: 7267: 7250: 7242: 7226: 7210: 7194: 7178: 7161: 7152: 7144: 7128: 7112: 7096: 7079: 7070: 7062: 7046: 7030: 7014: 7004: 6992: 6976: 6959: 6942: 6928: 6920: 6908: 6900: 6884: 6865: 6854: 6843: 6837: 6830: 6824: 6809: 6801: 6790: 6775: 6767: 6755: 6748: 6736: 6728: 6712: 6695: 6684: 6672: 6654: 6646: 6628: 6619: 6611: 6599: 6586: 6566: 6558: 6541: 6524: 6508: 6480: 6407: 6392: 6376: 6328: 6290: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6151: 6141: 6128: 6122: 6112: 6091: 6085: 6071: 5948: 5939: 5921: 5905: 5876: 5637: 5617: 5611: 5585: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5430: 5424: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5339: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5303: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5191: 5185: 5172: 5148: 5142: 5122: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5098: 5058: 5050: 5042: 5034: 5026: 5018: 5010: 5004: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4967: 4961: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4880: 4874: 4864: 4858: 4851: 4845: 4835: 4822: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4793: 4780: 4774: 4767: 4761: 4751: 4738: 4732: 4725: 4719: 4709: 4696: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4667: 4654: 4648: 4641: 4635: 4622: 4609: 4603: 4596: 4590: 4577: 4564: 4558: 4551: 4545: 4532: 4519: 4513: 4506: 4500: 4490: 4477: 4471: 4464: 4458: 4446: 4434: 4428: 4415: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4315: 4309: 4269:affixes which form new verbs derivationally. 4261:'to solve by itself'. There are also several 4256: 4250: 4236: 4226: 4205: 4199: 4173: 4167: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4052: 4042: 4002: 3996: 3940: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3906: 3900: 3891: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3754: 3314: 3296: 3283: 3274: 3251: 3245: 3231: 3219: 3204: 3195: 3166: 3143: 3130: 3120: 3112: 3097: 3085: 3066: 3057: 3040: 3029: 3006: 2996: 2982: 2970: 2922: 2909: 2891: 2875: 2860: 2851: 2840: 2828: 2822: 2797: 2788: 2772: 2761: 2726:. This never occurs in the standard variety. 2721: 2704: 2690: 2676: 2641: 2624: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2527: 2517: 2507: 2485: 2479: 2469: 2056: 2046: 2031: 2021: 2015: 1983: 1969: 1953: 1905: 1891: 1877: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1809: 1795: 1781: 1726: 1666: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1593: 1587: 1581: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1496: 1490: 1468: 1462: 1440: 1434: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1361: 1295: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1222: 1208: 1192: 1186: 1174: 1168: 1128:. Over time, Proto-Uralic split into various 892: 868: 856: 850: 837: 831: 824: 818: 808: 801: 795: 789: 775: 769: 763: 749: 740: 734: 725: 526: 505: 40: 9282:Collection of Finnish bilingual dictionaries 7458:(in Russian). Gov.karelia.ru. Archived from 3080:is used in place of the first person plural 1996:. The Karelian Isthmus was evacuated during 1940:is an official minority language in Norway. 691:. The closest relative of Finnish is either 651:are distinguished, and there are a range of 9287:FSI Finnish Language Course (Public Domain) 8897: 7483:European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 6753:is literally 'nice to get acquainted', and 6347:, because Finnish has no voiced sibilants. 5967:. Both correspond to the same phoneme, the 5625: 5079:While early borrowings, possibly even into 5055:'I wonder if I should sit down for a while' 2833:are inanimate in the formal language), and 2098: 1747:Map of Finnish dialects and forms of speech 10551: 10537: 10361: 10347: 10169: 10155: 9420: 9406: 9098: 8739: 8215: 8027: 7849:[The Language of American Finns]. 7670: 1509:. Agricola did not consistently represent 1395:Though Agricola's intention was that each 951: 444: 9193:. George Allen & Unwin. p. 214. 8865:International Journal of Psychophysiology 8827: 8700: 8690: 8631: 8296: 7518:Fusion of selected inﬂectional formatives 5852:⟨b, c, f, q, w, x, z, å, š⟩ 5748:Learn how and when to remove this message 4972:'to be jumping repeatedly and wantonly'. 3160:of between vowels, and subsequent vowel 2444:Learn how and when to remove this message 10176: 9236: 9217: 9007: 8642:(in Finnish). Slangi.net. Archived from 8638:Kauhanen, Erkki Johannes (1 June 2002). 8637: 8498: 8355: 8286: 7906: 7844: 7365:Finnish cultural and academic institutes 6470: 5825: 5759: 4276: 4098: 2455: 2204:Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects 2102: 1947: 1771: 1742: 1352: 1338: 1327:, and religious ceremonies were held in 1234: 1147:Finnish developed, lacked the mid vowel 967: 955: 27:Finnic language mostly spoken in Finland 10558: 10368: 9858: 9255: 9182: 9158:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights" 9017:. CSLI Publications. pp. 109–161. 8975: 8444:Kuusi, Matti; Anttonen, Pertti (1985). 8380: 7538: 7283: 5959:Pre-1900s texts and personal names use 5632:List of English words of Finnish origin 5568:'email' (literally: 'electricity mail') 5157:, high ranking nobleman' from Germanic 4800:locations (places related to the stem) 4330:'a piece of correspondence, a letter', 3444:, which is centralized with respect to 2349: 1489:, but longer in duration), and between 480:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 11040: 10328:Institute for the Languages of Finland 8729:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188 8067: 7969: 7683:. Statistics Finland. 9 January 2024. 7599:from the original on 30 September 2015 7586: 6234:), and in words that are descriptive ( 6048:, as in English. When not followed by 4842:inhabitants (of places), among others 3918:can vary allophonically between i.e. 3747:) and thus occurs only medially, e.g. 3341: 2512:1951–61), with 201,000 entries, was a 2504:The Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish 1958:-brand coffee you will have. Welcome." 1291:in the partitive, and the lack of the 1285:) in the accusative case, rather than 659:limits which diphthongs are possible. 351:Institute for the Languages of Finland 10532: 10342: 10150: 10137: 9401: 9042: 9024:from the original on 4 September 2020 8942: 8593:from the original on 3 September 2019 8425:from the original on 25 February 2021 8282: 8280: 8278: 8232:from the original on 12 November 2020 8167:from the original on 24 February 2021 8063: 8061: 8059: 6370:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6090:would usually be pronounced as , and 2839:contrast on verbs in the 3rd person ( 2613:). However, the longer forms such as 2561: 1988:) were previously also spoken on the 1377: 1227:, used only in the eastern dialects. 1017:, one may alternatively view them as 925:region and/or the bend of the middle 627:. Sentences are normally formed with 532: 511: 55: 9427: 9303: 8289:Orthographies in Early Modern Europe 8263:from the original on 7 November 2017 8250: 8130: 8009:from the original on 9 November 2020 7845:Lindfors, Jukka (8 September 2006). 7617: 7543:. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seura. 6363: 6216:can be derived either from the stem 6204:'to discern, to differentiate' from 5861:write as you read, read as you write 5686:adding citations to reliable sources 5657: 5532:to make 'an instrument for talking') 4296:Wiktionary:Category:Finnish language 3107:lack of possessive clitics on nouns 2524:The New Dictionary of Modern Finnish 2460:Example of a participle construction 2382:adding citations to reliable sources 2353: 2279:Middle dialects of Savonlinna region 2182:Southern-Eastern Tavastian dialects 846:various derivational suffixes (e.g. 349:Language Planning Department of the 9164:from the original on 30 August 2016 8980:, The MIT Press, pp. 389–424, 7888:from the original on 17 August 2022 7876:Sonja Fogelholm (31 January 2013). 7480: 6353:⟨b, c, f, q, w, x, z⟩ 4378:'to write down, register, record', 3349: 2040:The first known written account in 1943: 1767: 1647:and otherwise it was lost entirely. 326:Sweden (official minority language) 24: 10119:Languages between parentheses are 9241:. London and New York: Routledge. 9211: 8522: 8334:from the original on 9 August 2018 8275: 8216:Kemiläinen, Aira (November 2004). 8102:"Omasta ja vieraasta rakentuminen" 8056: 7425: 6420: 5841:including the distinct characters 5833:keyboard with the Finnish alphabet 5576:'bus, coach' (literally: line-car) 5423:from English are also found, e.g. 4976:are also used in such examples as 4194:(present + perfective aspect) and 3972: 2493: 2140:Southwest Finnish middle dialects 1554:if it appeared originally between 1433:. Likewise, he alternated between 1380:. Agricola's ultimate plan was to 1230: 1079:, and against the backdrop of the 1058: 695:, or depending on the definition, 679:. The Finnic branch also includes 585:by a minority of Finnish descent. 203:Central and Northern Ostrobothnian 25: 11104: 9275: 9239:Finnish – A Comprehensive Grammar 9138:from the original on 4 March 2014 8947:. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon. 8811:"Yleiskielen ts:n murrevastineet" 8393:from the original on 5 March 2016 8387:The National Biography of Finland 8100:Laakso, Johanna (November 2000). 7970:Kuosma, Arja (22 February 2007). 7907:Karlsson, Fred (30 August 2017). 7687:from the original on 11 June 2020 7587:Branch, Hannele (28 April 2009). 7275:(noun) Finn; (adjective) Finnish 5419:from English 'to go for a date'. 5382:in the east in the 13th century. 4632:indicating the lack of something 3695: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3647: 3637: 3629: 3621: 3603: 3593: 3585: 3566: 3557: 3550: 3527: 3518: 3511: 3073:"we don't say" or "we won't say" 1893:keski- ja pohjoispohjalaismurteet 1618:. A similar process explains the 1384:, but first he had to develop an 1334: 1323:, the language of administration 1009:) and in northern Sweden (namely 714:) in several respects including: 662: 11021:Mass media by language of Russia 11016:Knowledge in languages of Russia 9628: 9380: 9363: 9346: 9329: 9312: 9111:from the original on 7 July 2022 8774:from the original on 12 May 2022 8291:. De Gruyter. pp. 351–372. 7909:Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar 7857:from the original on 22 May 2020 7343: 7329: 6454:Problems playing this file? See 6436: 5662: 5606:) 'mouldable, fit for moulding') 5047:'should I sit down for a while?' 3872:While standard Finnish has lost 3448:; long vowels do not morph into 3265:unstressed diphthongs ending in 2358: 1874:The South Ostrobothnian dialects 1674: 303: 289: 276: 9176: 9150: 9123: 9092: 9071: 9036: 9001: 8969: 8936: 8891: 8852: 8840:from the original on 4 May 2020 8821: 8803: 8786: 8756: 8733: 8717: 8658: 8605: 8552: 8530:"Meän kieli – kieli vai murre?" 8492: 8466: 8437: 8405: 8374: 8349: 8315: 8244: 8209: 8179: 8143: 8124: 8093: 8021: 7990: 7963: 7933: 7900: 7869: 7838: 7808: 7782: 7754: 7729: 7699: 7652: 7611: 6270:character set. Writing them as 6174:, 'to write song-lyrics', from 5849:, and also several characters ( 5673:needs additional citations for 5141:Often quoted loan examples are 4904:, volitional-unpredictable and 4051:'precise' has the oblique stem 4022:. Finnish front vowels are not 3770: 3713: 2950:before short vowels in certain 2369:needs additional citations for 2070:, ja niin me laskeusimme tänne 2058:Kun minä eilen illalla palasin 2054: 1982:. The South Karelian dialects ( 1405:qualitative consonant gradation 1315:. At the time, the language of 623:depending on their role in the 10814:Languages with official status 10123:of the language on their left. 9057:10.1080/00437956.1988.11435787 8986:10.7551/mitpress/6598.003.0017 8877:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.10.012 8640:"Slangi.net: Slangin historia" 8619:(in Finnish). 31 December 1999 8253:"Agricola, Mikael (1510–1557)" 8160:(in Finnish). 2 October 2009. 7580: 7565: 7532: 7509: 7474: 7446: 7414: 7403: 6842:is an appropriate response to 6829:is an appropriate response to 6597:Used on greeting, modified as 6339:, or distinguish only between 6240:) or workaday by their style ( 5910:, which is pronounced with a 5774:sound could be represented by 5647: 5039:'I would sit down for a while' 4213:Finnish has three grammatical 3214:abbreviated forms of numerals 2937:"I'm coming" or "I will come" 2331:Middle dialects of Lemi region 2328:Proper South Karelian dialects 2208:Central Ostrobothnian dialects 1425:were all used for the phoneme 1309:Finland was under Swedish rule 460: Minority spoken language 13: 1: 11093:Subject–verb–object languages 10394:Recognized minority languages 10312:Finland-Swedish Sign Language 9220:Finnish: An Essential Grammar 8257:National Biography of Finland 7396: 7290:Finnish influences on Tolkien 6076:is pronounced , not ) or the 5888:covers all the allophones of 5506: 5261:in many European languages). 4966:'to jump around repeatedly', 4932:'to make someone jump once', 4511:'a letter' (of the alphabet) 4283:Suomalaisen Sana-Lugun Coetus 3455: 3028:and common use of the clitic 3020:"don't you (pl.) have (it)?" 2585:class (with subsequent vowel 2300:Savonian dialects of Värmland 2044:is from the 1890 short story 1307:During the Middle Ages, when 1255: 1111: 1063:Today, Finnish is one of two 1019:dialects of the same language 454: Primary spoken language 8744:[Finnish dialects]. 8692:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648 8383:"Lönnrot, Elias (1802–1884)" 8193:(in Finnish). Archived from 8042:10.1016/j.lingua.2004.01.008 7947:(in Swedish). Archived from 7847:"Amerikansuomalaisten kieli" 7794:Great Norwegian Encyclopedia 6878:Important words and phrases 6792:Mitä (sinulle/teille) kuuluu 6760:is literally 'nice to meet' 6107:is very weak or there is no 5837:Finnish is written with the 5602: 5371:('Bible') are borrowed from 5130:Also some place names, like 5067: 3723:only occurs in the sequence 3330: 2519:Nykysuomen sivistyssanakirja 2211:North Ostrobothnian dialects 2199:South Ostrobothnian dialects 1637:'to go' that was originally 1501:to represent the allophonic 1445:to represent the allophonic 1346:, a 19th-century drawing by 1027:Great Norwegian Encyclopedia 595:and uses almost exclusively 7: 9190:Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien 9099:Holopainen, Sampsa (2020). 8909:(18). Suomen kielen seura. 8898:Yli-Vakkuri, Valma (1976). 7520:. Oxford University Press. 7322: 6467:Basic greetings and phrases 6228:, or from the related verb 5870:Some orthographical notes: 5526:'talk' + instrument suffix 5520:'telephone' (from the stem 5031:'I'll sit down for a while' 5000:, 'to sit, to be seated'): 4869:'Russian person or thing'. 4384:'a font', and many others. 3979:Finnish consonant gradation 2729: 2179:Southern Tavastian dialects 2149:dialects of Turku highlands 1738: 1631:'I go', a form of the verb 1092:minority language in Sweden 565:with Finnish) are official 10: 11109: 9256:Whitney, Arthur H (1973). 8768:Kotimaisten kielten keskus 8740:Savolainen, Erkki (1998). 8534:Kotimaisten kielten keskus 8450:Finnish Literature Society 7589:"Who's afraid of Finnish?" 7572:Viitso, Tiit-Rein (2000). 7287: 7104:Good luck/congratulations 6666:Used when taking farewell 5651: 5629: 5596: 4926:'to be jumping wantonly', 4293: 4272: 4249:morphology of verbs, e.g. 4092: 4088: 3976: 3952: 3865:, usually realized as the 3765:/helsiŋki –helsiŋŋin/ 3334: 2565: 2293:Päijänne Tavastia dialects 2125:Southwest Finnish dialects 1961: 1792:Southwest Finnish dialects 1106: 1096:Nordic Language Convention 942:Defense Language Institute 897:'disappear' ~ North Saami 11005: 10963: 10813: 10582: 10566: 10495: 10479: 10392: 10376: 10320: 10299: 10279: 10212: 10205: 10184: 10144: 10139:Links to related articles 10105: 10067: 10035: 9930: 9840: 9807: 9779: 9738: 9698: 9646: 9637: 9626: 9444: 9435: 8298:10.1515/9783110288179.351 8133:Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 7627:Applied Language Learning 7495:10.1163/22116117-01001026 7360:Finland's language strife 7300:better known as an author 6935:like 'please' in English 6877: 6683:Lit. the passive form of 6501: 6258:are usually converted to 5912:voiceless velar fricative 5435:) with the English-style 5407:'to date' (from Swedish, 5023:'to sit down for a while' 4255:'to solve something' vs. 4152:morphosyntactic alignment 4018:, not interchangeable or 3687: 3655: 3614: 3537: 3505: 3466: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3269:become short vowels, and 2474:), and the other is the " 2074:, jossa oli mahoton hyvä 1783:Ei me mittä kaffelle men? 1240:Birch bark letter no. 292 962:municipalities of Finland 937:" node is controversial. 534:[ˈsuo̯meŋˈkie̯li] 466: 443: 429: 413: 397: 379: 361: 356: 343: 317: 271:Official language in 269: 264: 250: 225: 181: 144: 127:: 200,000-250,000 (2022) 111: 101: 71: 48: 39: 34: 9567:Siberian Ingrian Finnish 9438:List of Uralic languages 8356:Häkkinen, Kaisa (2019). 7454: 7421:Finska språket i Sverige 7306:, becoming Professor of 6432:Sample of spoken Finnish 6222:seen in such adverbs as 6001:, although written with 5626:Loans to other languages 5177:'mother' (from Germanic 4001:('product') one derives 3861:. The alphabet includes 2862:mä(ä)/mie, mun/miun, ... 2538:Large grammar of Finnish 2529:Kielitoimiston sanakirja 2296:Keuruu-Evijärvi dialects 2290:Central Finland dialects 2176:Heart Tavastian dialects 2155:Western Uusimaa dialects 2129:Proper Finnish dialects 2099:Dialect chart of Finnish 1964:Eastern Finnish dialects 1904:. The Lapland dialects ( 11088:Vowel-harmony languages 11053:Agglutinative languages 9237:Karlsson, Fred (2018). 9218:Karlsson, Fred (2008). 8943:Sapir, Edward (1978) . 8830:"Consonant Inventories" 8381:Majamaa, Raija (2014). 8070:Circum-Baltic Languages 7792:(in Norwegian Bokmål). 7539:Vilkuna, Maria (1989). 7442:(subscription required) 5969:labiodental approximant 5935:⟨v, j, d⟩ 5180: 5167: 5160: 5085:Indo-European languages 5074:Indo-European languages 4956:'to jump suddenly' (in 4856:'English person/thing' 4135:that employs extensive 3882: 3735:, is the equivalent of 2939:"I am" or "I will be" 2663: 2549:Suomen sanojen alkuperä 2324:South Karelian dialects 2276:South Savonian dialects 2273:North Savonian dialects 1797:lounaissuomalaismurteet 1754:voiced dental fricative 1640: 1614: 1595: 1592:'ability, skill' from 1576: 1544:(which is treated as a 1210: 1194: 989:languages (for example 952:Geographic distribution 858: 839: 830:), 2nd person singular 826: 810: 803: 777: 751: 667:Finnish belongs to the 561:(which has significant 7390:Swedish-speaking Finns 7268: 7251: 7243: 7227: 7211: 7195: 7179: 7162: 7153: 7145: 7129: 7113: 7097: 7080: 7071: 7063: 7047: 7031: 7015: 7005: 6993: 6977: 6960: 6943: 6929: 6921: 6909: 6901: 6885: 6866: 6855: 6844: 6838: 6831: 6825: 6810: 6802: 6791: 6776: 6768: 6756: 6749: 6737: 6729: 6713: 6696: 6685: 6673: 6655: 6647: 6629: 6620: 6612: 6600: 6587: 6567: 6559: 6542: 6525: 6509: 6485: 6481: 6425: 6408: 6393: 6377: 6329: 6291: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6200: 6182: 6176: 6170: 6152: 6142: 6129: 6123: 6113: 6092: 6086: 6072: 5949: 5940: 5922: 5906: 5877: 5834: 5823: 5638: 5618: 5612: 5586: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5556: 5554:'disc' + a diminutive 5550: 5544: 5536: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5431: 5425: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5237: 5231: 5225: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5173: 5149: 5143: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5027: 5019: 5011: 5005: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4982:'without jumping' and 4978: 4968: 4962: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4910: 4881: 4875: 4865: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4836: 4823: 4817: 4810: 4804: 4794: 4781: 4775: 4768: 4762: 4758:adjectives from nouns 4752: 4739: 4733: 4726: 4720: 4716:adjectives from verbs 4710: 4697: 4691: 4684: 4678: 4674:adjectives from nouns 4668: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4636: 4623: 4610: 4604: 4597: 4591: 4578: 4569:'shipper, shipmaster' 4565: 4559: 4552: 4546: 4533: 4520: 4514: 4507: 4501: 4491: 4478: 4472: 4465: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4429: 4416: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4316: 4310: 4291: 4257: 4251: 4237: 4227: 4206: 4200: 4174: 4168: 4128: 4123: 4121:("to return") or from 4117: 4111: 4105: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4053: 4043: 4003: 3997: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3907: 3901: 3892: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3755: 3315: 3297: 3284: 3275: 3252: 3246: 3232: 3220: 3205: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3144: 3131: 3121: 3113: 3098: 3086: 3067: 3058: 3047: 3041: 3030: 3007: 2997: 2983: 2971: 2923: 2910: 2892: 2876: 2861: 2852: 2841: 2829: 2823: 2821:contrast in pronouns ( 2798: 2789: 2773: 2762: 2722: 2705: 2691: 2677: 2642: 2625: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2528: 2518: 2508: 2486: 2480: 2470: 2461: 2173:Ylä-Satakunta dialects 2152:Somero region dialects 2146:Ala-Satakunta dialects 2135:Southern dialect group 2132:Northern dialect group 2108: 2096: 2057: 2047: 2032: 2022: 2020:"water", cf. standard 2016: 1984: 1970: 1959: 1954: 1906: 1892: 1878: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1810: 1796: 1787: 1782: 1748: 1727: 1681:Johan Vilhelm Snellman 1667: 1633: 1627: 1607: 1601: 1588: 1582: 1569: 1563: 1542:spelling pronunciation 1531:spelling pronunciation 1497: 1491: 1469: 1463: 1441: 1435: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1369: 1362: 1350: 1317:international commerce 1296: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1243: 1223: 1203: 1187: 1181: 1175: 1169: 1077:Grand Duchy of Finland 1073:period of Swedish rule 981:. The remainder speak 973: 965: 905: 899: 893: 887: 878: 869: 851: 832: 819: 796: 790: 770: 764: 741: 735: 726: 721:case suffixes such as 673:Uralic language family 563:mutual intelligibility 549:of Finland, alongside 527: 506: 468:This article contains 140:US: 26,000 (2020) 122:: 4.75 million (2023) 41: 10487:Swedish Sign Language 10307:Finnish Sign Language 8817:on 27 September 2007. 8078:10.1075/slcs.54.09laa 7917:10.4324/9781315743547 7911:. London: Routledge. 6605:('health continue!') 6478: 6424: 5829: 5763: 5269:(especially in older 4779:'a shop, commerce' → 4505:'to book, to file' → 4497:instruments or tools 4366:'a scribe, a clerk', 4280: 4102: 3977:Further information: 3911:in standard Finnish. 3886:, with a palatalized 3779:is the equivalent of 3171:to standard Estonian 3018:"do you (pl.) have?" 2581:in some verbs of the 2459: 2185:Hollola dialect group 2106: 1985:eteläkarjalaismurteet 1951: 1902:Northern Ostrobothnia 1884:Southern Ostrobothnia 1879:eteläpohjalaismurteet 1775: 1746: 1567:'kin, family' : 1356: 1342: 1248:birch bark letter 292 1238: 1015:mutually intelligible 971: 959: 915:Proto-Uralic language 633:information structure 11068:Languages of Finland 11063:Languages of Estonia 10178:Languages of Finland 9473:Northeastern coastal 8752:on 30 December 2005. 8574:Svenska språknämnden 8480:on 27 September 2007 8421:(in Swedish). 1921. 7284:Influence on Tolkien 7218:I don't understand. 6950:Thank you, likewise 6007:phonological umlauts 5802:were represented by 5682:improve this article 5127:(cape (geography)). 5060:istahtaisinkohankaan 4991:istahtaisinkohankaan 4030:⟨ä⟩ and ⟨ö⟩ feature 3306:"probably will fix" 2555:Nykysuomen käsikirja 2543:Iso suomen kielioppi 2509:Nykysuomen sanakirja 2378:improve this article 2350:Linguistic registers 2217:Peräpohjola dialects 2188:Porvoo dialect group 2143:Pori region dialects 1691:along with Swedish. 1679:In the 19th century 1657:(:) to separate the 1518:fricative consonants 1513:in his orthography. 1173:instead of southern 985:(5.42%), one of the 946:Monterey, California 836:( < Proto-Uralic 823:( < Proto-Uralic 800:( < Proto-Uralic 11083:Languages of Sweden 11078:Languages of Russia 11073:Languages of Norway 11011:Languages of Russia 10585:of federal subjects 10560:Languages of Russia 10370:Languages of Sweden 8683:2022PLoSO..1769648R 7978:on 27 February 2007 7259:Finnish (language) 7003:More informal than 6041:is pronounced as a 6021:is a derivation of 6005:, do not represent 5818:was represented by 5654:Finnish orthography 5594:from Ancient Greek 4396: 4372:'in written form', 4320:'a letter' (of the 4243:consonant gradation 3989:consonant gradation 3785:consonant gradation 3741:consonant gradation 3342:Segmental phonology 3319:'probably' instead 3177:or dialectal forms 2745:colloquial language 2723:menenpä → me(n)empä 2678:mettä : mettän 2643:metsä : metsän 2626:puhuvat kirjakieltä 2607:"he comes", never * 2464:There are two main 2256:in Northern Norway) 2248:Finnmark dialects ( 2191:Iitti dialect group 2078:. Mutta me mentiin 1599:, contrasting with 1382:translate the Bible 1311:, Finnish was only 718:Shared morphology: 689:Republic of Karelia 643:to a great extent. 637:Finnish orthography 629:subject–verb–object 597:suffixal affixation 557:, both Finnish and 319:Recognised minority 198:South Ostrobothnian 86:(in small areas in 10206:Minority languages 10185:Official languages 9455:Bjarmian languages 8978:The Syntax of Time 8924:on 11 October 2017 8915:10.30673/sja.86402 8646:on 3 February 2010 8418:Nordisk familjebok 8413:"Warelius, Anders" 8222:Tieteessä Tapahtuu 8197:on 2 February 2014 7826:on 24 January 2020 7462:on 11 October 2017 6745:Nice to meet you! 6486: 6426: 6395:Tuntematon sotilas 6305:⟨zh⟩ 6301:⟨sh⟩ 6276:⟨oe⟩ 6272:⟨ae⟩ 6078:place assimilation 6058:⟨ng⟩ 6039:⟨nk⟩ 5835: 5824: 5810:respectively, and 5808:⟨ij⟩ 5764:The first page of 5697:"Finnish language" 5338:, 'girl', usually 5083:, from very early 4614:'a piece of work' 4601:'result, outcome' 4403:Used to create... 4394: 4292: 4133:synthetic language 4129: 3890:, is reflected by 3818:⟨rs⟩ 3756:Helsingin kaupunki 3733:⟨ng⟩ 3198:kuusikymmentäviisi 2706:mettä : metän 2695:) has resulted in 2692:mehtä : metän 2664:meččä : mečän 2568:Colloquial Finnish 2562:Colloquial Finnish 2462: 2393:"Finnish language" 2335:Dialects of Ingria 2239:Gällivare dialects 2235:Kemijärvi dialects 2169:Tavastian Dialects 2109: 1960: 1872:('they: their')). 1866:('you: your') and 1788: 1760:, and the Eastern 1749: 1728:Seitsemän veljestä 1615:sika : *siɣan 1611:'pig, pork' from 1596:kükü : *küɣün 1577:suku : *suɣun 1561:vowels and (cf. 1370: 1351: 1267:(Modern Finnish: " 1244: 1130:daughter languages 1098:, citizens of the 1065:official languages 974: 966: 855:< Proto-Uralic 567:minority languages 547:official languages 11035: 11034: 11029: 11028: 10997: 10952:Southern Yukaghir 10945:Northern Yukaghir 10622: 10615: 10526: 10525: 10377:Official language 10336: 10335: 10295: 10294: 10131: 10130: 10115:extinct languages 9926: 9925: 9799:Northwestern Mari 9734: 9733: 9267:978-0-340-05782-7 9248:978-1-138-82104-0 9229:978-0-415-43914-5 9187:, 7 June 1953)". 9077:Häkkinen, Kaisa. 8995:978-0-262-27449-4 8727:(v1.0) . Zenodo. 8617:www.kielikello.fi 8514:978-951-32-3847-6 8308:978-3-11-028817-9 8119:(proto-)dialects. 8108:on 26 August 2007 8087:978-90-272-3057-7 7926:978-1-315-74354-7 7769:Statistics Norway 7741:Statistics Norway 7717:on 2 October 2019 7440:(18th ed., 2015) 7380:Finnish profanity 7312:Oxford University 7281: 7280: 6820:Well, thank you. 6818:Fine, thank you. 6720:Goodbye/Farewell 6510:(Hyvää) huomenta! 6476: 6441: 6368:Article 1 of the 6364:Language examples 6358:⟨å⟩ 6345:⟨š⟩ 6341:⟨s⟩ 6337:⟨s⟩ 6325:⟨ž⟩ 6321:⟨š⟩ 6317:⟨z⟩ 6313:⟨ž⟩ 6309:⟨š⟩ 6287:⟨ž⟩ 6283:⟨š⟩ 6264:⟨o⟩ 6260:⟨a⟩ 6256:⟨ö⟩ 6252:⟨ä⟩ 6196:⟨ö⟩ 6192:⟨o⟩ 6188:⟨i⟩ 6166:⟨ä⟩ 6162:⟨a⟩ 6158:⟨i⟩ 6119:⟨j⟩ 6105:⟨i⟩ 6103:after the letter 6050:⟨k⟩ 6035:⟨n⟩ 6023:⟨C⟩ 6019:⟨G⟩ 6015:⟨G⟩ 6011:⟨C⟩ 5980:⟨v⟩ 5976:⟨v⟩ 5965:⟨v⟩ 5961:⟨w⟩ 5932:Some consonants ( 5886:⟨h⟩ 5857:⟨ž⟩ 5847:⟨ö⟩ 5843:⟨ä⟩ 5820:⟨e⟩ 5804:⟨w⟩ 5784:⟨g⟩ 5780:⟨k⟩ 5776:⟨c⟩ 5758: 5757: 5750: 5732: 5548:'diskette' (from 4920:'to be jumping', 4890: 4889: 4837:-lainen / -läinen 4587:nouns from verbs 4524:'a whisk, mixer' 3869:, as in German. 3863:⟨z⟩ 3796:Finnish phonology 3709: 3708: 3438: 3437: 3337:Finnish phonology 3323: 3322: 2954:along with vowel 2454: 2453: 2446: 2428: 2269:Savonian dialects 1802:Southwest Finland 1546:consonant cluster 1390:standard language 1321:Middle Low German 1139:, from which the 1081:Fennoman movement 1045:Finnish Americans 917:somewhere in the 909:'leave (behind)'. 513:[ˈsuo̯mi] 494: 493: 476:rendering support 472:phonetic symbols. 345:Regulated by 57:[ˈsuo̯mi] 16:(Redirected from 11100: 11058:Finnic languages 11048:Finnish language 10989: 10986:Mongolian script 10976:Cyrillic Braille 10954: 10947: 10918: 10911: 10904: 10897: 10878: 10871: 10864: 10749: 10742: 10728: 10721: 10618: 10611: 10567:Federal language 10553: 10546: 10539: 10530: 10529: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10340: 10339: 10270: 10256: 10249: 10242: 10228: 10210: 10209: 10171: 10164: 10157: 10148: 10147: 10135: 10134: 9991: 9977: 9856: 9855: 9765: 9644: 9643: 9632: 9555:Siberian Finnish 9501: 9429:Uralic languages 9422: 9415: 9408: 9399: 9398: 9393: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9376: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9359: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9342: 9334: 9333: 9332: 9325: 9317: 9316: 9315: 9305: 9299:Finnish language 9271: 9252: 9233: 9205: 9204: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9096: 9090: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9029: 9023: 9016: 9005: 8999: 8998: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8923: 8917:. Archived from 8904: 8895: 8889: 8888: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8813:. Archived from 8807: 8801: 8790: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8760: 8754: 8753: 8748:. Archived from 8742:"Suomen murteet" 8737: 8731: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8704: 8694: 8662: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8651: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8592: 8571: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8543: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8518: 8496: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8485: 8476:. Archived from 8474:"Suomen murteet" 8470: 8464: 8463: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8324:"Eurajoen murre" 8319: 8313: 8312: 8300: 8284: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8251:Heininen, Simo. 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8213: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8191:Svenskfinland.fi 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8155: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8128: 8122: 8121: 8115: 8113: 8104:. Archived from 8097: 8091: 8090: 8065: 8054: 8053: 8036:(7): 1053–1062. 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7974:. Archived from 7967: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7951:on 18 April 2007 7937: 7931: 7930: 7904: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7822:. Archived from 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7766: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7747: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7713:. Archived from 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7640:on 19 March 2012 7639: 7624: 7615: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7429: 7423: 7418: 7412: 7407: 7375:Finnish numerals 7353: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7296:J. R. R. Tolkien 7271: 7254: 7246: 7230: 7214: 7198: 7196:(Minä) ymmärrän. 7182: 7165: 7156: 7148: 7132: 7116: 7100: 7083: 7074: 7066: 7050: 7034: 7018: 7008: 6996: 6980: 6963: 6946: 6932: 6924: 6912: 6904: 6888: 6869: 6858: 6847: 6841: 6834: 6828: 6813: 6805: 6794: 6786:How's it going? 6779: 6771: 6759: 6752: 6740: 6732: 6730:Hauska tutustua! 6716: 6699: 6688: 6676: 6658: 6650: 6632: 6623: 6615: 6603: 6594:lit. 'Healthy!' 6590: 6570: 6562: 6549:(Good) evening! 6545: 6528: 6516:(Good) morning! 6512: 6488: 6487: 6484: 6479:Sample sound of 6477: 6443: 6442: 6423: 6411: 6398: 6380: 6359: 6355: 6354: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6294: 6288: 6284: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6221: 6215: 6209: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6173: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6089: 6075: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6037:in the sequence 6036: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6000: 5992: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5952: 5947:('I limit') vs. 5946: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5928: 5925: 5909: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5844: 5821: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5753: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5690: 5666: 5658: 5643: 5621: 5615: 5605: 5599: 5598: 5589: 5584:'plastic' (from 5583: 5575: 5567: 5559: 5553: 5547: 5539: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5434: 5428: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5377:Russian Orthodox 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5293: 5287: 5281: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5170: 5163: 5155:sovereign prince 5152: 5146: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5062: 5054: 5052:istahtaisinkohan 5046: 5038: 5030: 5022: 5014: 5008: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4971: 4965: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4900:differentiating 4886: 4878: 4868: 4862: 4855: 4849: 4839: 4826: 4820: 4813: 4807: 4797: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4755: 4742: 4736: 4729: 4723: 4713: 4700: 4694: 4687: 4681: 4671: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4639: 4626: 4613: 4607: 4600: 4594: 4581: 4568: 4562: 4555: 4549: 4536: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4494: 4481: 4475: 4468: 4462: 4454:collective nouns 4450: 4438: 4432: 4419: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4329: 4319: 4313: 4288:Daniel Juslenius 4260: 4254: 4240: 4230: 4209: 4203: 4177: 4171: 4162:cases is one of 4126: 4120: 4114: 4108: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4050: 4013: 4000: 3944: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3904: 3895: 3889: 3885: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3799: 3783:under weakening 3782: 3778: 3774: 3768: 3766: 3758: 3739:under weakening 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3699: 3679: 3672: 3665: 3651: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3607: 3597: 3589: 3581: 3570: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3531: 3522: 3515: 3464: 3463: 3434: 3427: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3361: 3360: 3350:Vocalic segments 3318: 3303: 3293: 3278: 3273:of phrase-final 3268: 3255: 3249: 3241: 3229: 3208: 3201: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3147: 3141: 3126: 3118: 3101: 3094: 3070: 3063: 3050: 3044: 3033: 3014: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2933: 2920: 2905: 2889: 2864: 2857: 2854:minä, minun, ... 2844: 2832: 2826: 2807: 2795: 2784: 2770: 2736: 2735: 2725: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2628: 2618: 2612: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2531: 2521: 2511: 2489: 2483: 2473: 2449: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2427: 2386: 2362: 2354: 2264:Eastern dialects 2221:Torne dialects ( 2120:Western dialects 2115:Finnish dialects 2094: 2050: 2035: 2030:Helsinki slang ( 2025: 2019: 1990:Karelian Isthmus 1987: 1973: 1957: 1944:Eastern dialects 1910:) are spoken in 1909: 1907:lappilaismurteet 1896:) are spoken in 1895: 1889: 1882:) are spoken in 1881: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1814:) are spoken in 1813: 1800:) are spoken in 1799: 1785: 1768:Western dialects 1731:), published by 1730: 1696:Daniel Europaeus 1670: 1643: 1636: 1630: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1572: 1566: 1520:in a process of 1508: 1500: 1494: 1480: 1472: 1466: 1452: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1378:western dialects 1367: 1299: 1290: 1284: 1279:(Modern Finnish 1278: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1257: 1226: 1216: 1206: 1200: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1154: 1141:Finnic languages 1100:Nordic countries 1049:Siberian Finnish 1041:American Finnish 921:belt around the 908: 902: 896: 890: 881: 872: 861: 854: 842: 835: 829: 822: 813: 806: 799: 793: 780: 773: 767: 754: 744: 738: 729: 704:Uralic languages 687:and in Russia's 649:consonant length 536: 530: 523: 522: 521: 515: 509: 459: 453: 448: 439: 425: 409: 402: 393: 392: 384: 375: 374: 366: 321:language in 309: 307: 306: 295: 293: 292: 282: 280: 279: 256: 240:Finnish alphabet 231: 150: 67: 66: 65: 59: 54: 44: 32: 31: 21: 18:Finnish Language 11108: 11107: 11103: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11097: 11038: 11037: 11036: 11031: 11030: 11025: 11001: 10959: 10950: 10943: 10914: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10874: 10869:Southern Khanty 10867: 10862:Northern Khanty 10860: 10809: 10745: 10738: 10724: 10717: 10683:Karachay-Balkar 10584: 10583:State languages 10578: 10562: 10557: 10527: 10522: 10496:Other languages 10491: 10475: 10464:Balkan dialects 10388: 10372: 10367: 10337: 10332: 10316: 10291: 10275: 10266: 10252: 10245: 10238: 10224: 10201: 10180: 10175: 10140: 10132: 10127: 10126: 10101: 10095:Proto-Samoyedic 10063: 10031: 9985: 9971: 9922: 9878:Southern Khanty 9873:Northern Khanty 9854: 9836: 9803: 9775: 9755: 9753:Shoksha dialect 9730: 9694: 9633: 9624: 9579:Karelian proper 9495: 9440: 9431: 9426: 9396: 9389:Finnish edition 9386: 9381: 9379: 9375:from Wikivoyage 9369: 9364: 9362: 9352: 9347: 9345: 9335: 9330: 9328: 9324:from Wiktionary 9318: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9304:sister projects 9301:at Knowledge's 9278: 9268: 9249: 9230: 9214: 9212:Further reading 9209: 9208: 9201: 9181: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9156: 9155: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9128: 9124: 9114: 9112: 9097: 9093: 9076: 9072: 9041: 9037: 9027: 9025: 9021: 9014: 9006: 9002: 8996: 8974: 8970: 8955: 8941: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8902: 8896: 8892: 8857: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8826: 8822: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8791: 8787: 8777: 8775: 8762: 8761: 8757: 8738: 8734: 8722: 8718: 8677:(6): e0269648. 8663: 8659: 8649: 8647: 8636: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8590: 8584: 8569: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8539: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8515: 8497: 8493: 8483: 8481: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8460: 8442: 8438: 8428: 8426: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8354: 8350: 8337: 8335: 8320: 8316: 8309: 8285: 8276: 8266: 8264: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8214: 8210: 8200: 8198: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8164: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8144: 8129: 8125: 8111: 8109: 8098: 8094: 8088: 8066: 8057: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 7995: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7968: 7964: 7954: 7952: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7889: 7874: 7870: 7860: 7858: 7843: 7839: 7829: 7827: 7814: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7796:. February 2024 7788: 7787: 7783: 7773: 7771: 7764: 7760: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7743: 7735: 7734: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7679: 7678: 7671: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7622: 7616: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7585: 7581: 7574:Finnic Affinity 7570: 7566: 7551: 7537: 7533: 7514: 7510: 7479: 7475: 7465: 7463: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7430: 7426: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7349: 7344: 7342: 7337:Language portal 7335: 7328: 7325: 7292: 7286: 7186:My condolences 7114:Olen pahoillani 6967:You're welcome 6750:Hauska tutustua 6680:See you later! 6526:(Hyvää) päivää! 6471: 6469: 6461: 6460: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6437: 6434: 6427: 6421: 6366: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6140:in words (like 6118: 6104: 6057: 6049: 6038: 6034: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 5994: 5986: 5979: 5975: 5964: 5960: 5934: 5933: 5885: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5819: 5807: 5803: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5754: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5691: 5689: 5679: 5667: 5656: 5650: 5634: 5628: 5509: 5485:'hot dog', and 5479:'PlayStation', 5373:Old East Slavic 5332:, from Swedish 5090:a certain group 5070: 5009:'to sit down' ( 4724:'to be able' → 4556:'an excavator' 4542:or instruments 4302: 4275: 4097: 4095:Finnish grammar 4091: 3981: 3975: 3973:Morphophonology 3955: 3896:in Finnish and 3862: 3817: 3803: 3802: 3775: 3771: 3732: 3718: 3714: 3577: 3543: 3488: 3478: 3458: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3309:absence of the 3151:"I don't know" 3115:(minä) en tiedä 2740:formal language 2732: 2698: 2684: 2670: 2656: 2635: 2570: 2564: 2496: 2494:Standardization 2476:spoken language 2450: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2387: 2385: 2375: 2363: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2286:Kainuu dialects 2101: 2038: 1971:savolaismurteet 1966: 1946: 1811:hämäläismurteet 1770: 1741: 1704:Antero Warelius 1677: 1374:Mikael Agricola 1348:Albert Edelfelt 1344:Mikael Agricola 1337: 1258: 1252:Finnic language 1233: 1231:Medieval period 1114: 1109: 1061: 1059:Official status 954: 814:, respectively) 788:plural markers 665: 539:Finnic language 517: 516: 474:Without proper 462: 461: 457: 455: 451: 435: 421: 405: 398: 388: 387: 380: 370: 369: 362: 339: 333: 327: 322: 320: 304: 302: 300: 290: 288: 286: 277: 275: 272: 265:Official status 257: 252: 245:Finnish Braille 243: 232: 227: 177: 165:Northern Finnic 151: 148:Language family 146: 139: 133: 132:: 8,000 (Kven) 128: 123: 118: 114: 113:Native speakers 61: 60: 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11106: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11033: 11032: 11027: 11026: 11024: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11006: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10999: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10967: 10965: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10955: 10948: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10920: 10919: 10916:Southern Mansi 10912: 10905: 10898: 10895:Northern Mansi 10886: 10881: 10880: 10879: 10876:Eastern Khanty 10872: 10865: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10817: 10815: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10751: 10750: 10743: 10731: 10730: 10729: 10722: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10624: 10623: 10620:Southern Altai 10616: 10613:Northern Altai 10604: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10576: 10570: 10568: 10564: 10563: 10556: 10555: 10548: 10541: 10533: 10524: 10523: 10521: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10499: 10497: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10483: 10481: 10480:Sign languages 10477: 10476: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10441: 10440: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10409: 10404: 10398: 10396: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10386: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10366: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10343: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10330: 10324: 10322: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10300:Sign languages 10297: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10283: 10281: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10272: 10271: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10250: 10243: 10231: 10230: 10229: 10216: 10214: 10207: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10199: 10194: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10174: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10151: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10124: 10117: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10071: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10061: 10054: 10047: 10039: 10037: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10029: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10005: 9995: 9994: 9993: 9979: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9942: 9936: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9919: 9918: 9915:Southern Mansi 9911: 9904: 9897: 9895:Northern Mansi 9887: 9886: 9885: 9883:Eastern Khanty 9880: 9875: 9864: 9862: 9853: 9852: 9846: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9813: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9785: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9744: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9695: 9693: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9670: 9663: 9658: 9650: 9648: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9621: 9620: 9615: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9559: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9532: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9521: 9514: 9507: 9502: 9490: 9485: 9478:South Estonian 9475: 9470: 9458: 9450: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9425: 9424: 9417: 9410: 9402: 9395: 9394: 9377: 9360: 9358:from Wikibooks 9343: 9326: 9297: 9295: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9276:External links 9274: 9273: 9272: 9266: 9253: 9247: 9234: 9228: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9199: 9175: 9149: 9122: 9107:(in Finnish). 9091: 9070: 9051:(3): 151–176. 9035: 9000: 8994: 8968: 8953: 8935: 8890: 8871:(2): 131–143. 8851: 8820: 8802: 8785: 8755: 8732: 8716: 8657: 8630: 8604: 8582: 8572:(in Swedish). 8551: 8521: 8513: 8507:. p. 36. 8501:Ankkojen Suomi 8491: 8465: 8458: 8446:Kalevala-lipas 8436: 8404: 8373: 8366: 8348: 8314: 8307: 8274: 8243: 8224:(in Finnish). 8208: 8178: 8142: 8123: 8092: 8086: 8055: 8020: 8005:. Gothenburg. 7989: 7962: 7945:Nordic Council 7932: 7925: 7899: 7868: 7837: 7820:rosstat.gov.ru 7807: 7781: 7753: 7728: 7698: 7669: 7666:. 27 May 2022. 7651: 7610: 7579: 7564: 7549: 7531: 7508: 7489:(1): 563–582. 7473: 7445: 7424: 7413: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7351:Finland portal 7340: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7288:Main article: 7285: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7202:I understand. 7200: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7098:(Paljon) onnea 7092: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7038:Can you help? 7036: 7032:Voitko auttaa? 7026: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7010: 7009: 7001: 6998: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6984:Certainly/yes 6982: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6965: 6955: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6944:Kiitos, samoin 6938: 6937: 6918: 6917:Thanks/Please 6915: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6874: 6863: 6860: 6850: 6849: 6822: 6816: 6797: 6796: 6788: 6782: 6763: 6762: 6746: 6743: 6738:Hauska tavata! 6724: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6708: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6691: 6690: 6681: 6678: 6668: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6635: 6607: 6606: 6595: 6592: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6573: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6543:(Hyvää) iltaa! 6537: 6536: 6533: 6530: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6482:Hyvää huomenta 6468: 6465: 6451: 6445: 6435: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6365: 6362: 6297:Czech Republic 6248: 6247: 6134: 6117:. Indeed, the 6097: 6065: 6027: 6026: 5983: 5957: 5930: 5915: 5894:voiced glottal 5882: 5839:Latin alphabet 5756: 5755: 5670: 5668: 5661: 5652:Main article: 5649: 5646: 5630:Main article: 5627: 5624: 5616:(computer) or 5608: 5607: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5541: 5533: 5508: 5505: 5302:, 'province'; 5271:Helsinki slang 5220:'hammer' from 5095:Paleo-European 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5056: 5048: 5040: 5032: 5024: 5016: 4894:frequentatives 4888: 4887: 4871: 4853:englantilainen 4843: 4840: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827:'a parsonage' 4801: 4798: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4759: 4756: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4717: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701:'resourceful' 4675: 4672: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4640:'happiness' → 4633: 4627: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4588: 4582: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4543: 4537: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4498: 4495: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482:'navy, fleet' 4456: 4451: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4426: 4420: 4411: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4348:'literature', 4274: 4271: 4093:Main article: 4090: 4087: 3974: 3971: 3954: 3951: 3874:palatalization 3814:syllable codas 3801: 3800: 3769: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3693: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3634: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3600: 3598: 3591: 3582: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3564: 3562: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3516: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3482: 3472: 3467: 3457: 3454: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3348: 3343: 3340: 3335:Main article: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3311:potential mood 3307: 3304: 3294: 3280: 3279: 3263: 3257: 3243: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206:kuuskyt(ä)viis 3202: 3192: 3191: 3155: 3149: 3128: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3064: 3060:(me) emme sano 3054: 3053: 3036:interrogatives 3022: 3016: 2994: 2967: 2966: 2952:Type III verbs 2941: 2935: 2907: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2858: 2848: 2847: 2815: 2811:"he/she goes" 2809: 2786: 2758: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2731: 2728: 2681:) and Eastern 2566:Main article: 2563: 2560: 2495: 2492: 2452: 2451: 2366: 2364: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2246: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2201: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2159:Helsinki slang 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2111: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2042:Helsinki slang 2037: 2028: 2012:Palatalization 1962:Main article: 1945: 1942: 1769: 1766: 1740: 1737: 1722:Seven Brothers 1676: 1673: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1623: 1549: 1534: 1336: 1335:Writing system 1333: 1232: 1229: 1126:Ural Mountains 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1069:European Union 1060: 1057: 1053:Siberian Finns 979:first language 953: 950: 931:Sami languages 923:Ural Mountains 911: 910: 865: 864: 863: 844: 815: 786: 712:Sami languages 671:branch of the 664: 663:Classification 661: 492: 491: 478:, you may see 464: 463: 456: 450: 449: 441: 440: 433: 427: 426: 419: 411: 410: 403: 395: 394: 385: 377: 376: 367: 359: 358: 357:Language codes 354: 353: 347: 341: 340: 325: 323: 318: 315: 314: 311:Nordic Council 297:European Union 273: 270: 267: 266: 262: 261: 260:Signed Finnish 258: 251: 248: 247: 233: 229:Writing system 226: 223: 222: 221: 220: 218:South Karelian 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 183: 179: 178: 176: 175: 174: 173: 172: 171: 154: 152: 145: 142: 141: 115: 112: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 73: 72:Native to 69: 68: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11105: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11008: 11004: 10996: 10995:Kalmyk script 10992: 10991:Buryat script 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10962: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10917: 10913: 10910: 10909:Eastern Mansi 10906: 10903: 10902:Western Mansi 10899: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10866: 10863: 10859: 10858: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10732: 10727: 10723: 10720: 10716: 10715: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10658:Crimean Tatar 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10621: 10617: 10614: 10610: 10609: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10581: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10569: 10565: 10561: 10554: 10549: 10547: 10542: 10540: 10535: 10534: 10531: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10478: 10472: 10469: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10459:Vlax dialects 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10442: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10414: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10359: 10357: 10352: 10350: 10345: 10344: 10341: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10323: 10319: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10282: 10278: 10269: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10244: 10241: 10237: 10236: 10235: 10232: 10227: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10172: 10167: 10165: 10160: 10158: 10153: 10152: 10149: 10143: 10136: 10122: 10118: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10104: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10068:Reconstructed 10066: 10060: 10059: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10048: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10009: 10008:Tundra Nenets 10006: 10004: 10003:Forest Nenets 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9989: 9984: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9949: 9948: 9947: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9937: 9935: 9933: 9929: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9910: 9909: 9908:Eastern Mansi 9905: 9903: 9902: 9901:Western Mansi 9898: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9843: 9839: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9784: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9769: 9763: 9759: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 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8223: 8219: 8212: 8196: 8192: 8188: 8182: 8163: 8159: 8152: 8146: 8138: 8135:(in German). 8134: 8127: 8120: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8051: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8031: 8024: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7977: 7973: 7966: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7928: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7872: 7856: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7825: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7785: 7770: 7763: 7757: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7674: 7665: 7664:Tilastokeskus 7661: 7655: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7598: 7594: 7593:thisisFINLAND 7590: 7583: 7575: 7568: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7550:951-717-558-2 7546: 7542: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7449: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7422: 7417: 7411: 7406: 7402: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7341: 7338: 7332: 7327: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7229: 7224: 7223: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7213: 7208: 7207: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7197: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7149: 7147: 7142: 7141: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7044: 7043: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7028: 7027: 7024: 7022:No/it is not 7021: 7019: 7017: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6990: 6989: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6936: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6873: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6840: 6833: 6827: 6823: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6789: 6787: 6784:How are you? 6783: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6757:hauska tavata 6751: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6733: 6731: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6651: 6649: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6616: 6614: 6609: 6608: 6604: 6602: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6563: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6539: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6527: 6522: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6511: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6483: 6464: 6459: 6457: 6433: 6413: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6397: 6396: 6390: 6387:Excerpt from 6382: 6379: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6361: 6348: 6333: 6332: 6298: 6293: 6279: 6269: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6135: 6131: 6125: 6115: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6044: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5990: 5984: 5970: 5958: 5951: 5942: 5931: 5924: 5919: 5916: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5899: 5896:or voiceless 5895: 5884:The grapheme 5883: 5881:"hole punch". 5879: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5840: 5832: 5831:Parking meter 5828: 5815: 5799: 5791: 5769: 5768: 5762: 5752: 5749: 5741: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: – 5698: 5694: 5693:Find sources: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5671:This article 5669: 5665: 5660: 5659: 5655: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5633: 5623: 5620: 5619:kalkulaattori 5614: 5604: 5593: 5588: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5458: 5455: 5449: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5369: 5363: 5359:'border' and 5357: 5351: 5345: 5344:in Finnish). 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5260: 5259: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5241:'slave' from 5239: 5233: 5227: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5156: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5075: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5044:istahtaisinko 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5015:'I sit down') 5013: 5007: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4959: 4958:anticausative 4954: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4907: 4906:anticausative 4903: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4884: 4877: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4821:'a priest' → 4819: 4814:'a henhouse' 4812: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4785:'commercial' 4783: 4777: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4735: 4728: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4686: 4680: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4651: 4644: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4593: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4561: 4554: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4518:'to whisk' → 4516: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4389:vowel harmony 4385: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4342:'an author', 4340: 4336:'a library', 4334: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4263:frequentative 4259: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4208: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4175:Ammuin hirveä 4170: 4169:Ammuin hirven 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4141:polysynthetic 4138: 4137:agglutination 4134: 4131:Finnish is a 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4096: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4049: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4026:, though the 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3985:vowel harmony 3980: 3970: 3966: 3964: 3963:agglutinative 3960: 3959:vowel harmony 3950: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3912: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3844: 3839: 3836: 3832:from Swedish 3830: 3824: 3815: 3810: 3808: 3797: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3773: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3742: 3722: 3716: 3712: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3431: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3347: 3338: 3328: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3211:"sixty-five" 3210: 3207: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3088:(minun) kirja 3084: 3083: 3079: 3078:passive voice 3075: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3003: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2969: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2897: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867:"I, my, ..." 2866: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2831: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2693: 2679: 2665: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2630: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2539: 2536:grammar (the 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2448: 2445: 2437: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2398: 2395: – 2394: 2390: 2389:Find sources: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2367:This article 2365: 2361: 2356: 2355: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2255: 2253: 2252:Kven language 2247: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2232:Kemi dialects 2231: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2105: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2043: 2034: 2033:Stadin slangi 2027: 2024: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2002:Ingrian Finns 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1980:South Karelia 1977: 1972: 1965: 1956: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1928:is spoken in 1927: 1926:Kven language 1922: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1860:('we: our'), 1858: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1765: 1763: 1762:exessive case 1759: 1758:Rauma dialect 1756:found in the 1755: 1745: 1736: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1711:Elias Lönnrot 1707: 1705: 1701: 1700:Elias Lönnrot 1697: 1692: 1689: 1688:nationalistic 1686: 1682: 1675:Modernization 1672: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1629: 1624: 1616: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1573:from earlier 1571: 1565: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1506: 1499: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1478: 1473:to represent 1471: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1443: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1359: 1358:Elias Lönnrot 1355: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1302:spoke Swedish 1298: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1253: 1249: 1241: 1237: 1228: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1205: 1199: 1197: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1152: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1134:reconstructed 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1118:Uralic family 1104: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1034:latest census 1030: 1028: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 970: 963: 958: 949: 947: 943: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919:boreal forest 916: 907: 901: 895: 889: 885: 880: 876: 871: 866: 860: 853: 849: 845: 841: 834: 828: 821: 816: 812: 805: 798: 792: 787: 784: 781:, originally 779: 772: 766: 762: 758: 755:, originally 753: 748: 743: 737: 733: 728: 724: 720: 719: 717: 716: 715: 713: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 677:Indo-European 674: 670: 660: 658: 657:vowel harmony 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 593:agglutinative 591: 590:typologically 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 531: 529: 520: 514: 510: 508: 502: 498: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 471: 465: 447: 442: 438: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 418: 417: 412: 408: 404: 401: 396: 391: 386: 383: 378: 373: 368: 365: 360: 355: 352: 348: 346: 342: 337: 331: 324: 316: 313: 312: 299: 298: 285: 274: 268: 263: 259: 255: 249: 246: 241: 237: 234: 230: 224: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 185: 184: 180: 170: 167: 166: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 157: 153: 149: 143: 137: 131: 126: 121: 116: 110: 107: 104: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 64: 58: 51: 49:Pronunciation 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 10981:Latin script 10884:Komi-Permyak 10840: 10454:Scandoromani 10449:Finnish Kalo 10401: 10280:Unrecognized 10268:Mishar Tatar 10226:Finnish Kalo 10191: 10110: 10085:Proto-Finnic 10075:Proto-Uralic 10056: 10049: 10042: 10024: 9981: 9967: 9960: 9951: 9944: 9913: 9906: 9899: 9827:Komi-Permyak 9699:Western Sámi 9672: 9665: 9653: 9647:Eastern Sámi 9610: 9534: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9465: 9453: 9392:of Knowledge 9387: 9370: 9353: 9341:from Commons 9336: 9319: 9298: 9257: 9238: 9219: 9188: 9178: 9166:. Retrieved 9152: 9140:. Retrieved 9125: 9113:. Retrieved 9104: 9094: 9078: 9073: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9026:. Retrieved 9010: 9003: 8977: 8971: 8944: 8938: 8928:26 September 8926:. Retrieved 8919:the original 8906: 8893: 8868: 8864: 8854: 8842:. Retrieved 8833: 8823: 8815:the original 8805: 8788: 8776:. Retrieved 8767: 8764:"Yleiskieli" 8758: 8750:the original 8745: 8735: 8724: 8719: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8650:30 September 8648:. Retrieved 8644:the original 8633: 8621:. Retrieved 8616: 8607: 8595:. Retrieved 8565: 8560: 8554: 8545: 8540:24 September 8538:. Retrieved 8536:(in Finnish) 8533: 8524: 8500: 8494: 8482:. Retrieved 8478:the original 8468: 8445: 8439: 8427:. Retrieved 8416: 8407: 8395:. Retrieved 8386: 8376: 8357: 8351: 8343: 8336:. Retrieved 8327: 8317: 8288: 8265:. Retrieved 8256: 8246: 8234:. Retrieved 8225: 8221: 8211: 8199:. Retrieved 8195:the original 8190: 8181: 8169:. Retrieved 8157: 8145: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8117: 8112:22 September 8110:. 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Retrieved 7460:the original 7448: 7435: 7427: 7416: 7405: 7370:Finnish name 7293: 7266: 7252:Suomen kieli 7249: 7248: 7241: 7225: 7209: 7193: 7177: 7160: 7159: 7151: 7150: 7143: 7127: 7111: 7095: 7078: 7077: 7069: 7068: 7061: 7045: 7029: 7013: 6991: 6975: 6958: 6941: 6934: 6925: 6907: 6906: 6899: 6883: 6871: 6853: 6845:Miten menee? 6839:Kiitos hyvin 6836: 6832:Mitä kuuluu? 6826:Kiitos hyvää 6819: 6811:Kiitos hyvin 6808: 6807: 6803:Kiitos hyvää 6800: 6785: 6777:Miten menee? 6774: 6773: 6769:Mitä kuuluu? 6766: 6754: 6735: 6734: 6727: 6711: 6694: 6671: 6653: 6652: 6645: 6627: 6626: 6618: 6617: 6610: 6598: 6585: 6576: 6575:Good night! 6565: 6564: 6557: 6540: 6532:(Good) day! 6523: 6507: 6494:Translation 6462: 6453: 6386: 6367: 6349: 6280: 6249: 6144: 6028: 5985:The letters 5869: 5860: 5836: 5765: 5744: 5738:October 2023 5735: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5692: 5680:Please help 5675:verification 5672: 5635: 5609: 5591: 5510: 5471:phonotactics 5459: 5396: 5384: 5346: 5314:, 'bishop'; 5275: 5263: 5257: 5252: 5248: 5242: 5140: 5129: 5121:(swamp) and 5081:Proto-Uralic 5078: 5071: 4985:hyppelemättä 4941:hyppyytyttää 4891: 4873:formed from 4857: 4850:'England' → 4815: 4773: 4737:'to lead' → 4731: 4689: 4647: 4602: 4595:'to come' → 4557: 4512: 4470: 4469:'a library' 4433:'to read' → 4386: 4360:'a writer', 4354:'to write', 4345:kirjallisuus 4306:derivational 4303: 4281: 4247:derivational 4212: 4184:periphrastic 4180:perfectivity 4149: 4130: 4127:("to burn"). 4073:→ Va, e.g. * 4055: 4045: 4036: 4009: 4005: 3993: 3982: 3967: 3956: 3947:Proto-Uralic 3938: 3914:The phoneme 3913: 3898:Savo dialect 3871: 3840: 3811: 3804: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3715: 3459: 3445: 3441: 3439: 3353: 3345: 3326: 3298: 3287: 3285: 3260: 3250: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3223: 3221: 3197: 3168:mä en ti(i)ä 3164: 3162:assimilation 3152: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3122: 3119: 3114: 3089: 3087: 3068:me ei sanota 3059: 3038: 3019: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2959: 2956:assimilation 2938: 2928: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2911: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2877: 2853: 2834: 2812: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2764: 2763: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2711: 2631: 2621: 2587:assimilation 2571: 2514:prescriptive 2497: 2463: 2440: 2434:October 2009 2431: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2400: 2388: 2376:Please help 2371:verification 2368: 2263: 2249: 2242: 2222: 2119: 2114: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2045: 2039: 2010: 1998:World War II 1974:) spoken in 1967: 1923: 1916: 1789: 1750: 1733:Aleksis Kivi 1720: 1714: 1708: 1693: 1678: 1652: 1522:sound change 1515: 1511:vowel length 1486: 1482: 1458: 1454: 1394: 1371: 1306: 1245: 1211: 1195: 1145: 1137:Proto-Finnic 1122:Proto-Uralic 1115: 1094:. Under the 1089: 1085:Finnish Diet 1062: 1051:, spoken by 1043:, spoken by 1038: 1031: 1023: 975: 939: 912: 903:~ Hungarian 747:Proto-Uralic 701: 666: 645:Vowel length 587: 577:counties of 528:suomen kieli 525: 504: 496: 495: 467: 431:Linguasphere 414: 301: 287: 254:Signed forms 168: 117:5.0 million 29: 10770:Yakut/Sakha 10633:Azerbaijani 10508:East Danish 10503:Dalecarlian 10051:Meshcherian 9986: [ 9972: [ 9794:Meadow Mari 9756: [ 9496: [ 9321:Definitions 9185:W. H. Auden 8778:8 September 8597:3 September 8171:29 December 7711:pub.stat.ee 7691:17 December 7603:29 December 7308:Anglo-Saxon 7304:philologist 7298:, although 7269:Suomalainen 7212:En ymmärrä. 7170:One moment 7154:Pikku hetki 7146:Pieni hetki 7088:Certainly! 6856:Tervetuloa! 6637:Hi! / Bye! 6601:Terve vaan! 6560:Hyvää yötä! 6389:Väinö Linna 6331:Hovanštšina 6281:The sounds 6056:is written 6043:velar nasal 5956:('I haul'). 5648:Orthography 5613:kompuutteri 5437:generic you 5147:'king' and 5036:istahtaisin 4947:hyppyytellä 4914:'to jump', 4863:'Russia' → 4782:kaupallinen 4772:'childish' 4769:lapsellinen 4730:'skillful' 4695:'advice' → 4669:-kas / -käs 4659:'homeless' 4624:-ton / -tön 4563:'a ship' → 4550:'to dig' → 4534:-uri / -yri 4476:'a ship' → 4463:'a book' → 4448:-sto / -stö 4425:from verbs 4406:Example(s) 4369:kirjallinen 4357:kirjoittaja 4238:-(d)a/-(d)ä 3843:palatalized 3761:of Helsinki 3721:velar nasal 3657:Approximant 3012:teil(lä) oo 2817:loss of an 2534:descriptive 2337:(in Russia) 2243:"Meänkieli" 2080:Studikselle 2060:labbiksesta 1955:Juhla Mokka 1461:), between 1457:in English 1386:orthography 1293:conjunction 1259: 1450 1143:developed. 935:Finno-Samic 875:North Saami 655:, although 588:Finnish is 482:instead of 208:Peräpohjola 11042:Categories 10213:Recognized 10090:Proto-Sámi 9822:Komi-Yazva 9372:Phrasebook 9101:"EVE:orja" 8907:Sananjalka 8746:Internetix 8623:26 January 8429:2 November 8187:"Historia" 7800:5 February 7774:5 February 7746:5 February 7644:6 December 7466:6 December 7437:Ethnologue 7397:References 7294:Professor 7120:I'm sorry 7064:Totta kai! 6892:Excuse me 6867:Tervetuloa 6835:, whereas 6502:Greetings 6456:media help 6130:läksiäiset 6073:tule tänne 5954:/raijjaan/ 5708:newspapers 5573:linja-auto 5565:sähköposti 5507:Neologisms 5416:deittailla 5404:treffailla 5115:(island), 4979:hyppimättä 4969:hypiskellä 4960:meaning), 4935:hyppyyttää 4898:momentanes 4866:venäläinen 4808:'a hen' → 4766:'child' → 4743:'leading' 4688:'selfish' 4646:'unhappy' 4630:adjectives 4608:'to do' → 4351:kirjoittaa 4339:kirjailija 4294:See also: 4286:(1745) by 4207:syön kalaa 4201:syön kalan 4196:pluperfect 4020:allophonic 3731:, written 3719:The short 3456:Consonants 3450:diphthongs 3374:Unrounded 3261:"to time" 3104:"my book" 2989:teillä ole 2835:loss of a 2813:"they go" 2487:kirjakieli 2471:yleiskieli 2404:newspapers 2318:; extinct) 2245:in Sweden) 2229:in Sweden) 2089:Kaisikseen 2072:Espikselle 2062:, tapasin 1869:he: heitin 1863:te: teitin 1857:me: meitin 1112:Prehistory 685:Baltic Sea 653:diphthongs 605:adjectives 10805:Ukrainian 10775:Tabasaran 10673:Kabardian 10513:Elfdalian 10407:Meänkieli 10121:varieties 10113:indicate 9932:Samoyedic 9850:Hungarian 9789:Hill Mari 9740:Mordvinic 9612:Krevinian 9550:Meänkieli 9540:Fingelska 9355:Textbooks 9065:0043-7956 8484:3 January 8267:12 August 8158:Kotus.f i 8050:0024-3841 7830:4 January 7559:997419906 7526:945596278 7503:1570-7865 7180:Otan osaa 7072:Tietysti! 6930:kiitoksia 6910:Kiitoksia 6862:Welcome! 6703:Goodbye! 6689:'to see' 6237:häämöttää 6183:innoittaa 6171:sanoittaa 6114:urheilija 6003:diaereses 5927:/tulempa/ 5603:plastikós 5597:πλᾰστῐκός 5537:tietokone 5476:pleikkari 5467:phonology 5442:sä et voi 5387:loanwords 5317:jordpäron 5288:, 'law'; 5202:'bride', 5168:druhtinaz 5109:(black), 5068:Borrowing 4974:Caritives 4929:hypäyttää 4902:causative 4876:-la / -lä 4795:-la / -lä 4711:-va / -vä 4682:'self' → 4653:'home' → 4579:-os / -ös 4439:'reader' 4267:momentane 4252:ratkaista 4112:palaisiko 4076:tarkka+ta 4028:graphemes 4008:tteeseens 3867:affricate 3807:geminated 3743:(type of 3616:Fricative 3545:voiceless 3356:allophony 3331:Phonology 3313:, use of 3247:punane(n) 3186:ma ei tie 3180:ma ei tia 3174:ma ei tea 3165:(compare 3153:"to eat" 3099:mun kirja 3039:(compare 2948:sonorants 2604:hän tulee 2579:sonorants 2481:puhekieli 2466:registers 2312:Innlandet 2225:Meänkieli 2161:\dialects 2066:kohdalla 2048:Hellaassa 1919:Meänkieli 1806:Satakunta 1735:in 1870. 1401:allophone 1219:reflexive 1087:of 1863. 1011:Meänkieli 884:Hungarian 873:'fish' ~ 852:-tta/-ttä 848:causative 732:partitive 708:Hungarian 706:(such as 621:inflected 575:Norwegian 559:Meänkieli 416:Glottolog 400:ISO 639-3 382:ISO 639-2 364:ISO 639-1 193:Tavastian 188:Southwest 138:): 8,500 102:Ethnicity 10971:Cyrillic 10939:Yukaghir 10846:Karelian 10760:Ossetian 10437:Northern 10417:Southern 10287:Karelian 10240:Northern 10080:homeland 10058:Muromian 10015:Nganasan 9860:Ob-Ugric 9721:Southern 9711:Northern 9596:Livonian 9574:Karelian 9461:Estonian 9162:Archived 9136:Archived 9109:Archived 9028:9 August 9019:Archived 8885:18160160 8838:Archived 8772:Archived 8711:35675367 8671:PLOS ONE 8588:Archived 8576:. 2003. 8423:Archived 8391:Archived 8332:Archived 8261:Archived 8230:Archived 8162:Archived 8139:: 90–98. 8013:13 March 8007:Archived 7982:25 April 7955:25 April 7886:Archived 7855:Archived 7790:"Kvener" 7685:Archived 7597:Archived 7323:See also 7234:Finland 7163:Hetkinen 6961:Ole hyvä 6886:Anteeksi 6697:Näkemiin 6656:Hei hei! 6648:Moi moi! 6630:Moi(kka) 6621:Hei(ppa) 6491:Finnish 6243:rehottaa 6213:hajottaa 6153:ehdottaa 6087:sen pupu 5999:⟩ 5995:⟨ 5991:⟩ 5987:⟨ 5945:/rajaan/ 5923:tulen+pa 5878:rei'itin 5782:or even 5767:Abckiria 5448:ei voida 5439:, e. g. 5432:passiivi 5426:kovalevy 5390:and the 5380:missions 5368:Raamattu 5353:'bean', 5320: – 5308: – 5294: – 5282: – 5208:'dear', 5161:kuningaz 5150:ruhtinas 5144:kuningas 5132:Päijänne 5103:(hare), 5028:istahdan 5020:istahtaa 4953:hypähtää 4923:hypeksiä 4847:Englanti 4698:neuvokas 4479:laivasto 4466:kirjasto 4417:ja / -jä 4381:kirjasin 4333:kirjasto 4322:alphabet 4188:Germanic 4164:telicity 4061:, as in 4039:lenition 4032:dieresis 4016:phonemes 3878:Karelian 3789:alveolar 3753: – 3750:Helsinki 3745:lenition 3485:Postalv. 3480:Alveolar 3377:Rounded 3002:teil(lä) 2962:pro-drop 2730:Examples 2652:Karelian 2583:Type III 2304:Värmland 2082:suoraan 2068:Supiksen 2064:Aasiksen 2006:deported 1930:Finnmark 1816:Tavastia 1739:Dialects 1716:Kalevala 1694:In 1853 1685:Hegelian 1665:, as in 1663:acronyms 1605: : 1586: : 1551:became: 1364:Kalevala 1161:Livonian 1157:Estonian 1005:(namely 1003:Finnmark 991:Northern 964:in 2020. 783:locative 757:ablative 723:genitive 697:Karelian 681:Estonian 641:phonemic 625:sentence 613:numerals 609:pronouns 583:Finnmark 488:Help:IPA 437:41-AAA-a 423:nucl1717 336:Finnmark 334:Norway ( 328:Russia ( 213:Savonian 182:Dialects 134:Russia ( 92:Finnmark 10964:Scripts 10841:Finnish 10821:Chukchi 10790:Tsakhur 10734:Mordvin 10653:Chuvash 10648:Chechen 10638:Bashkir 10574:Russian 10518:Gutnish 10471:Yiddish 10402:Finnish 10384:Swedish 10321:Related 10197:Swedish 10192:Finnish 10111:Italics 9983:Karagas 9618:Kukkuzi 9562:Ingrian 9535:Finnish 9518:Kraasna 9258:Finnish 9142:29 June 8963:8692297 8702:9176854 8679:Bibcode 8448:. 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