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The planned hour for the attack was set for noon to coincide with the actions of the 57th
Infantry Division. However, due to a delay in the readiness of the 85th Artillery, the attack had to be postponed. During this time, the anti-tank company, which had been stuck in the mud in the rear, finally
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and the front lines. All road bridges had collapsed, and the threat of ice posed a challenge to pontoon replacements. To ensure the capture of
Kharkov, Hitler diverted resources from the 17th Army to support the 6th Army. This weakened the 17th Army's efforts to protect the flank of the 1st Panzer
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The German Army's primary objectives before winter were to seize
Leningrad, Moscow, and the approaches to the Caucasian oil fields. Kharkov, though a secondary objective, was of vital importance. In addition to protecting the flanks of their motorized spearheads, the Germans valued Kharkov for its
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to assess enemy strength. Later that day, around noon, a Soviet infantry battalion with tank support launched an attack against the regiment. The regiment successfully repulsed the attack and managed to disable two enemy tanks. During the night, reconnaissance information was relayed to division
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Kharkov, a major Soviet city, had a population of 901,000 on 1 May 1941. By
September of that year, however, the population had swelled to 1.5 million due to an influx of evacuees from other cities seeking refuge from the ongoing war. After enduring years of deadly conflict, Kharkov's population
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extending from the
Kharkov area, was the foundation of the Russian economy. The Germans believed that control of this vital economic center would inevitably lead to the collapse of the entire Russian economy. As a result, they fought fiercely to retain control of the Kharkov industrial area.
1634:. The 2nd Battalion received the same reinforcements except for the anti-aircraft gun. Meanwhile, the 1st Battalion was designated as the regimental reserve. In addition, the 1st Battalion of the 229th Light Regiment was assigned to secure the left flank of the 228th.
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According to Glantz 2001, p. 247-248, the strength of the weakened
Southwestern Front on 30 September was 147,110 men, mostly survivors from the battle of Kiev. Reinforcements sent after this date include several NKVD divisions and brigades fighting as regular ground
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The evacuation of industrial plants had begun before the
Germans arrived and was nearly complete by 20 October, 1941. A total of 320 trains were used to transport equipment from 70 large factories. On 24 October 1941, Kharkov was captured by von Reichenau's 6th Army.
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In the fall of 1941, Kharkov was of great strategic importance to the
Soviets due to its vital rail and air connections. The city served as a crucial north-south and east-west link between many regions of Ukraine, as well as various areas of the USSR such as the
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and
Bryansk, resulting in 700,000 casualties. The meager reserves available were urgently needed to defend the Soviet capital, leaving the Southwestern Front vulnerable. With no reinforcements to fill the gap, the Soviets were forced to retreat to
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In preparation for the upcoming offensive, the 3rd
Battalion (positioned on the regiment's right flank) received reinforcements, including two guns from the division's artillery unit, the 85th Artillery Regiment, a company of engineers, and an
1257:, and the highly productive facility and a symbol of the city's industrial prowess. In addition to the Tractor Plant, Kharkov was home to other important industrial facilities such as the Kharkov Aircraft Plant, the Kharkov Plant of the
1280:, ammunition, and other equipment. Given the strategic importance of Kharkov's industrial production, German forces set their sights on seizing control of the city's railroads and military factories during the First Battle of Kharkov.
1720:), terrorized the remaining population after the battle. Several corpses of Soviet commanders were displayed on balconies to instill fear in those who remained. This caused many people to flee the city and generally created chaos.
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had been re-established there after its destruction in Kiev. However, it received little to no support, as the 38th Army was in strategic retreat and planned to defend Kharkov only until its factory equipment had been evacuated.
1853:
According to Glantz 2001, p. 248, the losses of the Southwestern Front from 30 September to 30 November numbered 96,509 men, including 75,720 irrecoverable (dead, missing or captured) and 20,789 sick and
1731:. The Germans then arrested about 200 civilians, mostly Jews, and hanged them from the balconies of large buildings. Another 1,000 people were taken hostage and interned in the Hotel International on
1517:. After 17 October, night frosts improved road conditions, but the autumn-equipped Germans were hampered by snow and cold, partially because they had prepared under the expectation that the entire
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During the Battle of Moscow, the Germans found it crucial to protect their flanks, and they applied these lessons in their march towards Kharkov. On 6 October, von Reichenau led an advance through
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By 21 October, the 101st Light Division had advanced to a position about six kilometers west of Kharkov. As the spearhead of the division, the 228th Light Regiment positioned its 1st and 3rd
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for its troops, causing acute shortages in Ukraine. By January 1942, about one-third of the city's remaining 300,000 inhabitants were starving, and many died during the harsh winter months.
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In the early morning hours of 14 November, several buildings in the city center were detonated by timer devices left behind by the retreating Red Army. Casualties included the commander (
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headquarters, revealing that the 216th Rifle Division had taken up position on the western edge of the city, reinforcing its position with machine gun nests, mortar pits, and minefields.
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As one of the largest industrial centers in the Soviet Union, Kharkov played a significant role in contributing to the country's military capabilities. In particular, the
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To stabilize its southern flank, Stavka (the Soviet High Command) poured reinforcements into the area between Kursk and Rostov at the expense of its forces in front of
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Following the battle's conclusion, Kharkov experienced its first occupation during the war, which lasted until 16 February 1943. Kharkov did not become part of the
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was able to take control of Kharkov. By this time, however, most of the city's industrial facilities had been evacuated or rendered useless by Soviet authorities.
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Kharkov is the Russian language name of the city, while Kharkiv is the Ukrainian one; both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union
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due to its proximity to the front. The staff of the LV Army Corps acted as the occupation authority, with the 57th ID served as the occupation force.
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ordered the confinement of the Jewish population to a shantytown near the Kharkov Tractor Factory. Within two days, 20,000 Jews were gathered there.
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The fighting in Kharkov left the city in ruins, with many architectural monuments destroyed and artistic treasures looted. The famous Soviet writer
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The main objective for the German 6th Army was to capture Kharkov, which would help them close the growing gap between themselves and the German
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industrial importance and its role as a critical rail junction. Capturing the city would push the Soviet armies of the Southwest and
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German troops enter Kharkov from the west, crossing the main railroad running through the city on the viaduct of Sverdlov Street.
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1389:. While the 1st Panzer Group secured the German victory at the Battle of Melitopol, the burden of processing the 600,000 Soviet
1504:, cutting off their main transportation hubs. By the second week of October, however, the German offensive was hampered by the
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to each frontline battalion. Finally, at 14:25, the artillery was fully prepared and the attack was rescheduled for 15:00.
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defensively at the front, while the 2nd Battalion remained in reserve. On 22 October, the regiment was assigned to conduct
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himself emphasized the importance of capturing these military installations, recognizing that the region, especially the
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emitted from the vehicle itself and channeled into an airtight compartment. The victims died from a combination of
1483:) being pushed back in disarray. As the Battle of Moscow approached, the Soviet Red Army suffered major defeats at
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1780:. This vehicle was modified to hold 50 people and drove around the city, slowly killing those trapped inside with
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The city's military industries were responsible for the production of several critical military assets, including
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was tasked with defending the city while its factories were dismantled and moved to a more easterly location.
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from Kiev fell to the 6th and 17th Armies, resulting in a three-week regrouping period for those two armies.
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dwindled significantly to between 180,000 and 190,000 by the time the city was retaken in August 1943.
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1475:(formerly the 1st Panzer Group). This offensive resulted in the Soviet 6th Army (commanded by
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was a battle that took place from 20 to 24 October 1941 for control of the city of
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2016:
1893:"Харьков во времена Великой Отечественной войны | Книга памяти г. Харькова"
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and Kharkov. At the same time, the 17th Army launched an offensive from
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divisions. Meanwhile, the main offensive formation of Army Group South,
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1580:, which did not take part in the battle. Hauptmann Kurt von Barisani's
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of 10 October (effectively an order to execute anyone associated with
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1911:"Харьков в годы Великой Отечественной войны | Вечерний Харьков"
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The task of attacking Kharkov itself was assigned to the German
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mud season and logistical challenges in the area between the
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was instrumental in the design and development of the Soviet
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of the 6th Army and placed under the joint authority of the
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Josef Brauner von Haydringen, advancing from the north; the
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Alfred von Puttkamer. Kharkov was then transferred to the
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Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
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Battles on the western edge of the city (20–23 October)
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1588:and provided close fire support during the attack.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1712:German troops, acting under the authority of the
1513:Army and contributed to the German defeat at the
1492:to prevent the collapse of their southern flank.
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1385:and the Caucasian oil fields in accordance with
2155:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
1638:reached the front and was ordered to provide a
1584:had two of its three batteries attached to the
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1443:Soviet bunkers used in the defense of Kharkov
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1693:until 13 December, when he was succeeded by
1317:German advances, 26 August – 5 December 1941
1219:
2066:Operation Barbarossa 1941: Army Group South
1547:. This corps consisted of three divisions:
1184:. The battle was fought between the German
2078:Margry, Karel (February 2001). "Kharkov",
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362:
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2145:Battles of World War II involving Germany
2014:
228:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1810:in the 5th century. A huge cemetery..."
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1431:were reconstituted almost from scratch.
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1591:For the defense of Kharkov, the Soviet
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1381:, received orders to move south toward
16:1941 battle of WW2 on the Eastern Front
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1261:(FED), and the Kharkov Turbine Plant.
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2055:Bericht über die Einnahme von Charkow
1806:wrote: "I saw Kharkiv. As if it were
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343:
165:infantry and armored vehicles battle
1797:confiscated large quantities of food
1574:, advancing from the south; and the
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1865:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
1689:Anton Dostler held the position of
1649:Assault on the city (23–24 October)
13:
2150:Battles involving the Soviet Union
1666:German armored vehicles in Kharkov
1521:could be completed before winter.
1479:) and the 38th Army (commanded by
21:For other battles in Kharkov, see
14:
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1471:to protect the long flank of the
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1412:'s most capable commanders. The
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996:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
438:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
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2053:Kiessling, Hannes (2007–2011).
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45:needs additional citations for
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1930:
1921:
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1727:Georg Braun) and staff of the
1:
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1739:were committed by front-line
2091:Ukrainian Historical Journal
1982:Ukrainian Historical Journal
1804:Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy
1375:Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist
1363:Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
1180:, during the final stage of
169:defenders on the streets of
7:
2086:Memoir of Kharkov’s History
1813:
1677:in Kharkov, 25 October 1941
1582:Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 197
10:
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2064:Kirchubel, Robert (2003).
2008:
1683:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
1530:Preparing to take the city
20:
2082:, Issue 112, p. 3–45
2038:, Tempus Publishing Ltd.
2034:Glantz, David M. (2001).
2017:"First Battle of Kharkov"
2015:Chen, Peter (2004–2007).
1786:carbon monoxide poisoning
1500:back toward Voronezh and
1220:Kharkov's railroad system
961:German declaration of war
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69:"First Battle of Kharkov"
2135:1941 in the Soviet Union
1936:Glantz 2001, p. 151-152.
1830:
1820:Second Battle of Kharkov
1562:57th Infanterie-Division
313:10,000–30,000 men (est.)
1825:Third Battle of Kharkov
1632:88 mm anti-aircraft gun
1586:57. Infanterie-Division
1565:, under the command of
1553:, under the command of
1387:Führer Directive No. 35
1170:First Battle of Kharkov
138:First Battle of Kharkov
2068:, Praeger Publishers.
2061:. Retrieved 14-08-2011
2059:57.Infanterie-Division
1954:Kirchubel 2003, p. 76.
1729:68th Infantry Division
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1577:100th Leichte-Division
1550:101st Leichte-Division
1541:General der Infanterie
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1408:, known as one of the
1369:, took command of the
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1209:57th Infantry Division
258:Commanders and leaders
2021:World War II Database
1867:L.A. Grenoble &
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1658:Occupation of Kharkov
1602:
1538:under the command of
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1355:Walther von Reichenau
1316:
1309:The aftermath of Kiev
1295:Population of Kharkov
1251:Kharkov Tractor Plant
1215:Importance of Kharkov
326:Casualties and losses
2160:Operation Barbarossa
1927:Glantz 2001, p. 140.
1915:vecherniy.kharkov.ua
1752:On 14 December, the
1613:101st Light Division
1593:216th Rifle Division
1525:Course of the battle
1341:turned north toward
1182:Operation Barbarossa
1155:Air war 22 june 1941
1025:Advance on Leningrad
950:Operation Barbarossa
54:improve this article
2165:October 1941 events
1992:Margry 2001, p. 8-9
1897:memorial.kharkov.ua
1762:SS-Standartenführer
1519:Barbarossa invasion
1435:Approaching Kharkov
1337:. As a result, the
1245:Military importance
645:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
546:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
2140:Battles of Kharkov
1733:Dzerzhinsky Square
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1402:Southwestern Front
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1270:artillery tractors
1194:Southwestern Front
1018:Roslavl–Novozybkov
840:Western Carpathian
780:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
750:1st Jassy–Kishinev
735:Leningrad–Novgorod
730:Dnieper–Carpathian
184:20–24 October 1941
2130:Conflicts in 1941
2036:Before Stalingrad
2001:Margry 2001, p. 9
1972:Margry 2001, p. 8
1945:Margry 2001, p. 5
1760:4a, commanded by
1707:Field Command 757
1477:Rodion Malinovsky
1406:Semyon Timoshenko
1331:Army Group Center
1304:Before the battle
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1379:1st Panzer Group
1351:Army Group South
1349:. In its place,
1339:2nd Panzer Group
1335:attack on Moscow
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867:East Pomerania
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558:Toropets–Kholm
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214:German victory
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1196:. The Soviet
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1178:Ukrainian SSR
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1101:Donbas–Rostov
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612:Velikiye Luki
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383:Naval warfare
382:
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372:Eastern Front
365:
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309:Sturmgeschütz
305:Two divisions
304:
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298:
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285:
283:
282:Anton Dostler
278:
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200:Ukrainian SSR
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186:(4 days)
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146:Eastern Front
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81:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
28:
24:
19:
2117:
2112:Soviet Union
2079:
2065:
2058:
2049:Kharkov News
2035:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
1997:
1988:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1871:, Routledge
1868:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1839:
1801:
1794:
1768:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1741:
1724:
1722:
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1711:
1706:
1702:
1699:Heeresgebiet
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:Generalmajor
1686:
1680:
1652:
1636:
1628:
1616:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1568:Generalmajor
1566:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1545:Erwin Vierow
1540:
1535:
1533:
1494:
1446:
1395:
1320:
1298:
1288:Donets Basin
1284:Adolf Hitler
1282:
1274:82mm mortars
1263:
1248:
1223:
1202:
1169:
1167:
1150:Air war 1941
1142:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1029:
1005:
963:
891:
872:Lake Balaton
860:
845:East Prussia
834:Vistula–Oder
832:
778:
771:
759:
705:
694:2nd Smolensk
671:
655:
638:
624:
617:
604:
582:
550:
529:Air war 1941
504:
479:
467:
443:1st Smolensk
410:
399:Arctic Ocean
321:One division
271:Erwin Vierow
252:Soviet Union
223:Belligerents
204:Soviet Union
150:World War II
144:Part of the
137:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
27:
18:
1790:suffocation
1765:Paul Blobel
1640:37mm AT gun
1089:1st Kharkov
1077:Sea of Azov
667:Gorky Blitz
662:3rd Kharkov
578:2nd Kharkov
480:1st Kharkov
475:Sea of Azov
2124:Categories
2026:8 February
1879:References
1737:war crimes
1619:Battalions
1506:Rasputitsa
1502:Stalingrad
1321:After the
1268:aircraft,
1188:, part of
1128:1st Rostov
1116:Sevastopol
1111:1st Crimea
1062:Petrikowka
981:1st Baltic
791:2nd Baltic
786:Dukla Pass
773:Doppelkopf
745:2nd Crimea
689:2nd Donbas
679:1st Donbas
656:Polar Star
606:Stalingrad
490:Sevastopol
485:1st Crimea
428:1st Baltic
412:Barbarossa
389:Baltic Sea
110:April 2023
80:newspapers
1742:Wehrmacht
1718:Communism
1367:17th Army
1353:, led by
1255:T-34 tank
1205:17th Army
1198:38th Army
1072:Leningrad
986:Raseiniai
816:Gumbinnen
761:Bagration
600:Sinyavino
584:Case Blue
469:Leningrad
394:Black Sea
311:battalion
1854:wounded.
1814:See also
1749:troops.
1735:. These
1490:Voronezh
1457:Belgorod
1455:towards
1453:Okhtyrka
1410:Red Army
1359:6th Army
1231:Caucasus
1186:6th Army
1047:1st Kiev
1013:Smolensk
861:Solstice
821:Budapest
811:Courland
801:Debrecen
796:Belgrade
718:2nd Kiev
590:Caucasus
563:Demyansk
524:Chechnya
458:1st Kiev
317:StuG III
300:Strength
191:Location
2009:Sources
1778:gas van
1643:platoon
1463:toward
1461:Poltava
1343:Bryansk
1239:Donbass
1235:Dnieper
1174:Kharkov
1144:Air war
1123:Tikhvin
1106:Bryansk
1095:Beowulf
1083:Phase 4
1057:Tallinn
1052:Lypovec
1031:Phase 3
1007:Phase 2
1001:Mogilev
965:Phase 1
855:Breslau
850:Silesia
755:Karelia
707:Dnieper
573:Bamberg
514:Finland
463:Tallinn
331:unknown
238:Germany
196:Kharkov
171:Kharkov
94:scholar
2098:Portal
2072:
2042:
1844:units.
1485:Vyazma
1465:Lozova
1429:Armies
1400:. The
1398:Moscow
1371:Panzer
1233:, the
1229:, the
1227:Crimea
1138:Moscow
1067:Yelnya
1042:Odessa
899:Prague
893:Berlin
882:Vienna
699:Lenino
541:Lyuban
506:Moscow
495:Rostov
453:Odessa
249:
235:
211:Result
167:Soviet
163:German
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1831:Notes
1469:Izyum
1347:Kursk
991:Brody
971:Brest
740:Narva
713:Nevel
673:Kursk
639:Iskra
568:Kholm
552:Rzhev
519:Kerch
500:Gorky
433:Brody
418:Brest
101:JSTOR
87:books
2070:ISBN
2040:ISBN
2028:2007
1808:Rome
1788:and
1705:and
1467:and
1451:and
1449:Sumy
1426:40th
1424:and
1422:38th
1418:21st
1361:and
1345:and
1266:Su-2
1259:NKVD
1168:The
1037:Uman
827:1945
724:1944
632:1943
618:Mars
535:1942
448:Uman
405:1941
181:Date
73:news
1767:of
1414:6th
1377:'s
1365:'s
1357:'s
1327:OKH
315:12
148:of
56:by
2126::
2057:,
2019:.
1913:.
1895:.
1792:.
1747:SS
1709:.
1420:,
1416:,
1276:,
1272:,
1241:.
307:1
202:,
198:,
2100::
2030:.
1917:.
1899:.
1774:C
940:e
933:t
926:v
363:e
356:t
349:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
25:.
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