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25:
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97:
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625:) was seen as the voice of the people but not as a venue for the formation of political parties and organizations. The elections for the Parliament were held in accordance with the provisional electoral regulations. The Parliament (
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took his place as Sultan. The era ended with the suspension of the
Ottoman Parliament and the constitution by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, with which he restored his own
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and instead pushed for a constitutional government similar to that in Europe. The constitutional period started with the dethroning of Sultan
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1911:
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694:
After the establishment of the
General Assembly in the provinces, the members selected the deputies from within the assembly to form the
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2015:
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in the empire. In the second elections, there were 69 Muslim millet representatives and 46 representatives of other millets (
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The life of the second term of the parliament was merely a few days, as after the initial speeches by the members from
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86:
598:, that began on 23 December 1876 and lasted until 14 February 1878. These Young Ottomans were dissatisfied by the
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914:
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970:"Constitutional Period in the Ottoman Empire." Constitutional Period in the Ottoman Empire. N.p., n.d. Web.
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685:). The initial selection of deputies was made by administrative councils in the provinces (also called
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http://www.istanbul.com/en/explore/info/constitutional-period-in-the-ottoman-empire
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in the capital. The
Chamber had 115 members and reflected the distribution of the
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1948:
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726:
become the speaker of Senate. The two elections happened between 1877 and 1878.
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1963:
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The members' reactions to the approaching war were very strong, and Sultan
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594:' or 'Fundamental Law' in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the
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853:
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603:
591:
1217:
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16:
Period of constitutional monarchy in the
Ottoman Empire (1876–1878)
1812:
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A History of the Modern Middle East. Cleveland and Buntin p.78
808:
Meeting of the first
Parliament later on the same day at the
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Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in 1878
1573:
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The president of the
Chamber of Deputies was a Deputy from
703:
828:
Mehmed Raif Pasha, member of the first
Ottoman Parliament.
738:
Mehmed Kani Pasha, member of the first
Ottoman Parliament.
621:. At the time, the Ottoman Parliament (known as the
2844:
789:Opening ceremony of the first parliament at the
949:"Meclis-i Mebusan nedir? Ne zaman kurulmuştur?"
617:The first constitutional era did not include a
2768:Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
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849:closed the parliament, citing social unrest.
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2753:First Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
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627:General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
623:General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
2578:Expulsion of the Albanians, 1877–1878
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990:
935:"Meclis-i Mebusan (Mebuslar Meclisi)"
866:
834:Second 1877 Ottoman general election
819:
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655:
631:
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18:
2813:Convention of Constantinople (1881)
2467:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878)
752:asked for new elections citing the
744:First 1877 Ottoman general election
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13:
2219:
1434:(reform and constitutional period)
1016:
641:) was composed in two stages. The
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1322:List of Ottoman sultans' consorts
1285:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
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2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
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2488:Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)
2483:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
2462:Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)
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2392:
1317:List of Ottoman sultans' mothers
910:Constitutional history of Turkey
801:
782:
768:
270:
101:First Ottoman Parliament at the
95:
23:
2803:Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881
1398:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
915:Elections in the Ottoman Empire
2853:Politics of the Ottoman Empire
1139:Persecution of Ottoman Muslims
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955:
941:
927:
1:
2563:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
2261:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
920:
762:Ottoman constitutional period
754:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
574:from the promulgation of the
2863:Reform in the Ottoman Empire
2783:Battles for Plav and Gusinje
2568:Romanian War of Independence
2200:Yıldız assassination attempt
2179:Senate of the Ottoman Empire
2175:Ottoman constitution of 1876
776:Ottoman constitution of 1876
687:
681:
661:
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580:
576:Ottoman constitution of 1876
7:
2858:1870s in the Ottoman Empire
2818:British Occupation of Egypt
2698:Budapest Convention of 1877
1583:Vassal and tributary states
898:
714:). The second body was the
403:Decline & Modernization
10:
2879:
2808:French conquest of Tunisia
858:Yusif Dia Pasha Al Khalidi
831:
741:
487:Abolition of the Caliphate
479:Abolition of the Sultanate
416:(late 18th and early 19th)
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1102:Decline and modernization
1024:
951:. Sabah. 19 January 2017.
905:Second Constitutional Era
157:Second Constitutional Era
87:Constitutional history of
2748:1876 Ottoman coup d'état
2266:Greco-Turkish War (1897)
2190:First Constitutional Era
1630:Six Divisions of Cavalry
1166:Foreign Affairs Ministry
977:20 December 2016 at the
564:Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri
548:First Constitutional Era
152:First Constitutional Era
110:Constitutional documents
2717:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
2398:Category:Abdul Hamid II
1623:Agha of the Janissaries
1270:List of Ottoman sultans
810:Old Darülfünun building
795:Illustrated London News
572:constitutional monarchy
103:Old Darülfünun building
53:more precise citations.
2524:Kresna–Razlog uprising
2519:Razlovtsi insurrection
2514:April Uprising of 1876
2245:Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque
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1825:Science and technology
1275:Roman succession claim
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455:2nd Constitutional Era
429:1st Constitutional Era
312:Fall of Constantinople
2703:Treaty of San Stefano
2545:Epirus Revolt of 1878
2509:Stara Zagora Uprising
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1698:Dragoman of the Fleet
1413:Dragoman of the Porte
1203:Armenian Constitution
1090:Stagnation and reform
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2793:Dual Alliance (1879)
2688:Reichstadt Agreement
2550:Cretan revolt (1878)
2441:Great Eastern Crisis
2233:Associated buildings
1418:Outer Palace Service
1334:Inner Palace Service
649:legislature was the
237:Constitutional Court
2733:Bulgarian Exarchate
2184:Chamber of Deputies
1613:Classic period army
1454:Chamber of Deputies
1429:Imperial Government
873:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
696:Chamber of Deputies
651:Chamber of Deputies
119:Charter of Alliance
2713:Congress of Berlin
2448:Wars and conflicts
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2195:Hamidian massacres
1240:Translation Office
1124:2nd Constitutional
1112:1st Constitutional
1066:Sultanate of Women
883:Hussein Avni Pasha
867:Significant people
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570:was the period of
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2708:Cyprus Convention
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2292:(adoptive mother)
2210:31 March Incident
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1280:Ottoman Caliphate
1161:Foreign relations
937:. Tarihi Olaylar.
878:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
820:Second term, 1878
791:Dolmabahçe Palace
612:absolute monarchy
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1438:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:Reis ül-Küttab
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1366:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:Palace Schools
1341:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1292:Imperial Harem
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1261:
1259:
1258:House of Osman
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1078:Decline thesis
1073:Transformation
1070:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:Constantinople
1051:
1046:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:Ottoman Empire
1014:
1013:
1006:
999:
991:
983:
982:
963:
954:
940:
925:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
912:
907:
900:
897:
896:
895:
893:Suleiman Pasha
890:
885:
880:
875:
868:
865:
847:Abdul Hamid II
821:
818:
807:
800:
799:
788:
781:
780:
774:
767:
766:
765:
761:
760:
759:
758:
750:Abdul Hamid II
731:
728:
688:Meclis-i Umumi
638:Meclis-i Umumi
608:Abdul Hamid II
596:Young Ottomans
568:Ottoman Empire
542:
541:
539:
538:
531:
524:
516:
513:
512:
501:Historiography
497:
496:
493:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
451:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
426:
418:
413:Nizam-i Djedid
409:
401:
400:
397:
396:
393:
392:
383:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
357:
351:Transformation
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
331:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
301:
295:
287:
286:
283:
282:
276:
275:
267:
266:
264:Ottoman Empire
255:
254:
247:
240:
239:
233:
232:
230:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
190:
189:
185:
184:
182:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
160:
159:
154:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
126:
121:
115:
112:
111:
107:
106:
100:
92:
91:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2875:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2832:
2831:Anna Karenina
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Brsjak revolt
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2743:Niš Committee
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2674:International
2672:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2400:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2379:Saliha Naciye
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:Perestu Kadın
2288:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:Yıldız Palace
2238:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:Ottoman court
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Naval battles
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:Kapudan Pasha
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:Reform period
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Haseki sultan
1300:
1298:
1297:Valide sultan
1295:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:United States
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:Classical Age
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Osman's Dream
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
989:
980:
976:
973:
967:
958:
950:
944:
936:
930:
926:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
864:
861:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
841:
835:
826:
811:
804:
796:
792:
785:
777:
771:
757:
755:
751:
745:
736:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
689:
683:
672:
668:
665:), while the
663:
652:
648:
644:
639:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
582:
581:Kanûn-ı Esâsî
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
553:
549:
537:
532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
517:
515:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
498:
488:
485:
480:
477:
472:
469:
464:
461:
456:
453:
452:
446:
441:
440:
430:
427:
422:
419:
414:
411:
410:
404:
399:
398:
388:
385:
384:
378:
373:
372:
362:
359:
358:
352:
347:
346:
336:
333:
332:
326:
325:Classical Age
321:
320:
313:
310:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
290:
285:
284:
281:
278:
277:
273:
269:
268:
265:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
245:
238:
235:
234:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
194:
192:
191:
187:
186:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
148:
145:
144:
142:
141:
138:Constitutions
137:
136:
130:
129:Edict of 1856
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
114:
113:
109:
108:
104:
98:
94:
93:
90:
85:
84:
81:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2829:
2824:Marche slave
2822:
2752:
2391:
2369:Fatma Pesend
2344:Mezidimestan
2296:Abdulmejid I
2189:
2168:Major events
2115:
2110:Bibliography
2108:
2101:
2070:Coat of arms
2044:Christianity
1998:Demographics
1981:of Armenians
1922:Illumination
1907:Architecture
1788:Central bank
1739:Conscription
1665:
1656:Mansure Army
1639:
1611:
1518:Hakham Bashi
1486:Christianity
1433:
1383:Grand Vizier
1372:
1224:Civil codes
1198:Constitution
1111:
1044:Ghaza thesis
966:
957:
943:
929:
888:Midhat Pasha
862:
851:
837:
747:
724:Grand Vizier
693:
682:Heyet-i Ayan
656:مجلس مبعوثان
619:party system
616:
547:
545:
471:Partitioning
421:Tanzimat Era
151:
80:
65:
56:
37:
2758:Opalchentsi
2455:Montenegrin
1937:Shadow play
1783:Agriculture
1776:Reformation
1772:Enlargement
1618:Janissaries
1327:Kizlar Agha
1312:Hanımefendi
1307:Kadınefendi
1119:Dissolution
1049:Interregnum
708:Phanariotes
667:upper house
643:lower house
590:, meaning '
587:قانون اساسى
463:World War I
445:Dissolution
361:Köprülü Era
304:Interregnum
188:Referendums
51:introducing
2847:Categories
2676:agreements
2324:Bedrifelek
1954:Literature
1867:Ottomanism
1562:Sanjakbeys
1545:Beylerbeys
1533:Provincial
1250:Government
1213:Family law
921:References
832:See also:
742:See also:
722:, and the
676:مجلس أعيان
632:مجلس عمومي
377:Old Regime
59:March 2022
34:references
2502:Bulgarian
2349:Emsalinur
2339:Dilpesend
2302:Abdülaziz
2159:Reign of
2006:Armenians
1971:Education
1927:Miniature
1877:Languages
1862:Devshirme
1835:Transport
1635:Timariots
1501:Bulgarian
1393:Kazaskers
1355:Central (
1339:Kapi Agha
1208:Electoral
1134:Abolition
1129:Partition
854:Jerusalem
712:Armenians
647:bicameral
604:Abdulaziz
592:Basic Law
566:) of the
387:Tulip Era
2726:See also
2364:Peyveste
2329:Nurefsun
2319:Nazikeda
2298:(father)
2286:(mother)
2117:Category
2031:Religion
1944:Clothing
1830:Taxation
1793:Currency
1734:Aviation
1708:Admirals
1661:Hamidieh
1597:Military
1578:Kadiluks
1552:Vilayets
1506:Armenian
1444:Assembly
1181:Treaties
1150:Politics
1107:Tanzimat
975:Archived
899:See also
843:vilayets
669:was the
600:Tanzimat
280:Timeline
250:a series
248:Part of
2354:Müşfika
2304:(uncle)
2103:Outline
2058:Symbols
2049:Judaism
1976:Schools
1949:Cuisine
1912:Mosques
1899:Culture
1889:Slavery
1845:Society
1808:Sultani
1769:By era
1762:Economy
1744:Weapons
1557:Sanjaks
1540:Eyalets
1513:Judaism
1466:Millets
1403:Nişancı
1388:Viziers
1233:Halakha
1228:Mecelle
1171:Safavid
1083:Köprülü
1026:History
700:millets
645:of the
560:Turkish
556:مشروطيت
509:Decline
259:History
47:improve
2374:Behice
2359:Sazkar
2276:Family
2080:Tughra
2065:Anthem
2011:Greeks
1964:Poetry
1449:Senate
1218:Düstur
840:Balkan
716:Senate
671:Senate
490:(1924)
482:(1922)
261:of the
252:on the
89:Turkey
36:, but
2533:Greek
2334:Bidar
2312:Wives
2039:Islam
2021:Women
1988:Media
1959:Prose
1932:Music
1813:Kuruş
1727:Other
1718:Ships
1574:Kazas
1496:Ullah
1474:Islam
1357:Porte
1095:Tulip
720:porte
505:Ghaza
2715:and
2476:Serb
2254:Wars
2075:Flag
2016:Jews
1918:Art
1818:Lira
1803:Para
1798:Akçe
1691:List
1678:Navy
1605:Army
1186:Wars
1039:Rise
704:Jews
546:The
289:Rise
227:2017
222:2010
217:2007
212:1988
207:1987
202:1982
197:1961
179:1982
174:1961
169:1924
164:1921
147:1876
1491:Rūm
1193:Law
845:,
691:).
2849::
1644::
1616::
860:.
856:,
756:.
710:,
706:,
679:,
659:,
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