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information. Pauly believed that the only practical way fisheries managers could access the volume of data they needed was to assemble and consolidate all the data available in the published literature into some central and easily accessed repository. Such a database would be particularly useful if the data has also been standardised and validated. This would mean that when scientists or managers need to test a new hypothesis, the available data will already be there in a validated and accessible form, and there will be no need to create a new dataset and then have to validate it.
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and managers to get the information they need on the species that concern them, because the relevant facts can be scattered across and buried in numerous journal articles, reports, newsletters and other sources. It can be particularly difficult for people in developing countries who need such
363:. The long-term goal of SeaLifeBase is to develop an information system modelled on FishBase, but including all forms of aquatic life, both marine and freshwater, apart from the finfish which FishBase specialises in. Altogether, there are about 300,000 known species in this category.
960:
Christensen V, CJ Walters, R Ahrens, J Alder, J Buszowski, LB Christensen, WWL Cheung, J Dunne, R Froese, V Karpouzi, K Kaschner, K Kearney, S Lai, V Lam, MLD Palomares, A Peters-Mason, C Piroddia, JL Sarmiento, J Steenbeek, R Sumaila, R Watson, D Zeller and D Pauly (2009)
371:
As awareness of FishBase has grown among fish specialists, it has attracted over 2,480 contributors and collaborators. Since 2000 FishBase has been supervised by a consortium of nine international institutions. The FishBase consortium has grown to twelve members. The
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found himself struggling to test a hypothesis on how the growing ability of fish was affected by the size of their gills. Hypotheses, such as this one, could be tested only if large amounts of empirical data were available. At the time,
312:, and the beginnings of a software database along these lines was encoded in 1988. This database, initially confined to tropical fish, became the prototype for FishBase. FishBase was subsequently extended to cover all
1032:
p. 156–158. In: M.L.D. Palomares, L. Morissette, A. Cisnero-Montemayor, D. Varkey, M. Coll and C. Piroddi (eds.) Ecopath 25 Years
Conference Proceedings: Extended Abstracts. UBC Fisheries Centre Research Reports
217:). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web. Over time it has "evolved into a dynamic and versatile ecological tool" that is widely cited in scholarly publications.
616:
Humphries, Austin; Dimarchopoulou, Donna; Stergiou, Konstantinos; Tsikliras, Athanassios; Palomares, Deng; Bailly, Nicolas; Nauen, Cornelia; Luna, Susan; Banasihan, Lyra; Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (2023).
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2007:
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Daniel Pauly, Rainer Froese and Maria
Lourdes Palomares. A draft guide to learning and teaching ichthyology using the FishBase information system. Updated 17 January 2005.
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359:. Given FishBase's success, there was a demand for a database covering forms of aquatic life other than finfish. This resulted, in 2006, in the birth of
376:(GEOMAR) in Germany, functions as the coordinating body and, since February 2017, Quantitative Aquatics, Inc. functions as the administrative body.
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FishBase covers adult finfish, but does not detail the early and juvenile stages of fish. In 1999 a complementary database, called
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modelling and fishery statistics and there are direct species level links to information in other databases such as
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in August 1996. It is now the largest and most accessed online database for fish in the world. In 1995 the first
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Why there may be discrepancies in the assessment of scientific names between the
Catalog of Fishes and FishBase
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for data; various levels of licensing for media files (pictures, sounds, ...) to be checked case by case
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Comprehensive species data, including taxonomy, biometrics, behaviour, distribution, habitats and photos
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712:"Organizing and disseminating marine biodiversity information: the Fishbase and SeaLifeBase story"
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was released as "FishBase 100". Subsequent CDs have been released annually. The software runs on
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2002:
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CTA/Commonwealth
Secretariat Seminar, Expert Meeting on ACP-EU Fisheries Relations, Brussels.
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as well as reproductive, metabolic and genetic data. There is access to tools such as
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A public electronic archive on the world’s fishes in support of sustainable fisheries
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The origins of FishBase go back to the 1970s, when the fisheries scientist
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1009:"Fishbase as a tool for comparing the life history patterns of flatfish"
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FishBase provides comprehensive species data, including information on
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GEOMAR – Helmholtz Centre for Ocean
Research for Ocean Research Kiel
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used analytical models which required estimates for fish growth and
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1371:
1321:
1135:
The 6th FishBase
Consortium meeting and 3rd Mini FishBase Symposium
1131:, Presentation at FishBase and Fish Taxonomy Training Session 2007.
1055:"Global biogeographical data bases on marine fishes: caveat emptor"
830:
344:
339:, went online under the supervision of Bernd Ueberschär. It covers
267:
As of
February 2024, FishBase included descriptions of 35,600
59:
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2012:
1942:
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1191:
1102:
619:"Measuring the scientific impact of FishBase after three decades"
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737:"Assessment of exploited stock of tropical fishes: an overview"
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44:
A large and extensively accessed biological database about fish
963:
Database-driven models of the world's Large Marine
Ecosystems
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348:
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and the juvenile stage of fishes, with detailed data on fish
1030:
FishBase, SeaLifeBase and database-driven ecosystem modeling
739:
Pages 171–188. In: Villy
Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.)
606:
FishBase. Last modified 5 July 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
355:, as well as data relevant to the rearing of young fish in
210:
790:
Pages 47–54. In: Villy
Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.)
714:
Pages 24–46. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.)
680:
Pages 11–23. In: Villy Christensen and Jay Maclean (Eds.)
947:
Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problems
664:
275:, 64,000 pictures, and references to 61,700 works in the
114:
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985:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
844:"Ecology, Population Dynamics, and Fisheries: FishBase"
792:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
741:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
716:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
682:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
761:
LarvalBase: A Global Information System on Fish Larvae
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
654:
Page 48, VLIZ Special Publication 17, Brugge, Belgium.
941:
Bailly N, Reyes Jr R, Atanacio R and Froese R (2010)
773:, Early Life History Section Newsletter, May 2002,
695:
580:In: Palomares MLD, Stergiou KI and Pauly D (eds.),
571:Scientific impact of FishBase: A citation analysis
1028:Palomares, M.L.D., N. Bailly and D. Pauly (2009)
2122:
1001:FishBase 2000: concepts, design and data sources
535:FishBase 2000: concepts, design and data sources
2018:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
1644:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1129:Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA Tervuren)
1108:FishBase Celebrates 20 Year Anniversary in Kiel
1103:FishBase FishBlog (FishBase Sverige informerar)
399:GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
279:. The site has about 700,000 visits per month.
84:GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
1126:Fish Morphology and Identification in FishBase
1176:
1794:List of commercially important fish species
1639:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
987:, Cambridge University Press, pages 47–54.
652:"FishBase: encyclopaedia and research tool"
1190:
1183:
1169:
943:"Simple Identification Tools in FishBase"
1766:Regional fishery management organisation
391:
945:In: Nimis PL and Vignes Lebbe R. (eds)
870:"About Us – Quantitative Aquatics, Inc"
2123:
426:Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
232:, behaviour and habitats, ecology and
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1164:
833:Home page. Retrieved 28 November 2018
1649:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
919:Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
890:Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences
805:
670:
569:Stergiou KI and Tsikliras AC (2006)
446:Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
410:Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
1824:Future of Marine Animal Populations
1701:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
1691:Monitoring control and surveillance
1148:Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
1012:Netherlands Journal of Sea Research
754:
494:Quantitative Aquatics, Incorporated
401:coordinates the FishBase Consortium
13:
1045:EC Fisheries Cooperation Bulletin,
998:Froese R and Pauly D (eds) (2000)
928:
846:. IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel. Archived from
710:Palomares MLD and Bailly N (2011)
582:Fishes in Databases and Ecosystems
541:
532:Froese R and Pauly D (eds) (2000)
418:Chinese Academy of Fishery Science
14:
2162:
2023:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
1756:National Marine Fisheries Service
1751:European Fisheries Control Agency
1081:
1066:Ueberschär B and Teltow M (1999)
909:Fishbase and Aristotle University
667:web page, accessed November 2023.
462:Swedish Museum of Natural History
438:Food and Agriculture Organization
132:Historic versions available on CD
86:, FishBase Consortium coordinator
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1415:
1232:Population dynamics of fisheries
27:
1953:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
1809:Environmental impact of fishing
902:
883:
862:
836:
824:
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729:
486:University of Western Australia
478:Universidade Federal de Sergipe
454:Royal Museum for Central Africa
366:
1927:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
1287:Otolith microchemical analysis
794:, Cambridge University Press.
743:, Cambridge University Press.
718:, Cambridge University Press.
684:, Cambridge University Press.
657:
644:
609:
597:
563:
526:
430:University of British Columbia
16:Biological database about fish
1:
1922:European Environmental Agency
1912:Grey nurse shark conservation
1819:Destructive fishing practices
1317:Pop-up satellite archival tag
519:
480:, São Cristóvão – SE, Brazil
271:and subspecies, with 329,500
224:, geographical distribution,
1902:Marine conservation activism
1352:Climate change and fisheries
1058:Diversity and Distributions,
1007:Froese R and Pauly D (1994)
899:(IFM-GEOMAR). Main web site.
548:Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese
514:List of online encyclopedias
160:Every even month of the year
7:
1093:The Fish Database of Taiwan
650:Gert B and Snoeks J (2004)
502:
10:
2167:
1948:Marine Stewardship Council
1741:EU Common Fisheries Policy
771:American Fisheries Society
604:References Citing FishBase
390:
316:, and was launched on the
300:. It can be difficult for
282:
2136:Online taxonomy databases
2102:Glossary of fishery terms
2097:Index of fishing articles
2087:
2036:
1935:
1879:
1814:Fishing down the food web
1789:Maximum sustainable yield
1776:
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1413:
1347:Match/mismatch hypothesis
1220:
1216:
1199:
1117:Rainer Froese on FishBase
1042:"The Science in FishBase"
977:"The science in Fishbase"
821:. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
788:"The science in FishBase"
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1988:Save Our Seas Foundation
1721:Individual fishing quota
1696:Vessel monitoring system
1342:Hydrographic containment
638:10.26028/cybium/2023-002
553:21 December 2013 at the
1634:Exclusive economic zone
1312:GIS and aquatic science
1267:Standard weight in fish
1144:2008 FishBase Symposium
1068:"FishBase goes fishing"
812:SeaLifeBase – home page
678:"The oxygen constraint"
412:, Thessaloniki, Greece
384:The FishBase Consortium
328:which operates only on
207:global species database
178:Latest version: 02/2024
1863:Turtle excluder device
1536:Shoaling and schooling
983:and Jay Maclean (eds)
938:Version 2, 6 May 2010.
817:14 August 2011 at the
576:8 October 2011 at the
538:. ICLARM. Philippines.
496:, Laguna, Philippines
403:
213:species (specifically
2151:Multilingual websites
1887:Marine protected area
1761:Regional fishery body
1387:Census of Marine Life
1282:Catch per unit effort
914:27 March 2012 at the
766:28 March 2012 at the
558:Pew Environment Group
395:
277:scientific literature
1726:Minimum landing size
1686:Fisheries management
1661:Magnuson–Stevens Act
1656:Fisheries Convention
1407:Fisheries scientists
1004:ICLARM, Philippines.
966:Ecological Modelling
587:UBC Fisheries Centre
464:, Stockholm, Sweden
456:, Tervuren, Belgium
432:, Vancouver, Canada
294:fisheries management
170:Continuously updated
64:Adult fish species (
2141:Fisheries databases
2003:Defying Ocean's End
1907:Salmon conservation
1897:Marine conservation
1837:The End of the Line
1830:The Sunken Billions
1799:Sustainable seafood
1784:Sustainable fishery
1397:Fisheries databases
1327:Age class structure
1297:Fisheries acoustics
1151:, 2 September 2008.
1113:, 3 September 2010.
1098:FishBase for Africa
1053:Robertson R (2008)
895:7 July 2011 at the
590:, Research reports
488:, Perth, Australia
472:, Penang, Malaysia
242:identification keys
234:population dynamics
186:FishBase Consortium
23:
2092:Outline of fishing
1711:Fisheries observer
1362:Aquatic ecosystems
404:
302:fishery scientists
21:
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2110:
2109:
2074:Threatened sharks
1973:Ocean Conservancy
1958:Friend of the Sea
1588:
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1496:Lobster fisheries
1441:Diversity of fish
1237:Shifting baseline
1206:Fisheries science
993:978-0-521-13022-6
981:Villy Christensen
955:978-88-8303-295-0
800:978-0-521-13022-6
749:978-0-521-13022-6
724:978-0-521-13022-6
690:978-0-521-13022-6
663:According to the
509:Catalog of Fishes
500:
499:
420:, Beijing, China
330:Microsoft Windows
262:Catalog of Fishes
200:
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2158:
2146:Biology websites
2054:Marine pollution
1858:Cetacean bycatch
1853:Incidental catch
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1561:Humboldt current
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1337:Trophic cascades
1277:Data storage tag
1262:Fish measurement
1257:Stock assessment
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1111:Science newsline
1021:Nauen CE (2004)
975:Froese R (2011)
972:(17): 1984–1996.
934:Bailly N (2010)
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921:, 5 August 2006.
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326:Microsoft Access
308:Pauly recruited
238:trophic pyramids
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2079:Threatened rays
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1917:Shark sanctuary
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1706:Catch reporting
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1486:Krill fisheries
1451:Coral reef fish
1436:Ocean fisheries
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1252:Condition index
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1189:
1088:FishBase online
1084:
1040:Pauly D (1997)
1018:(3/4): 235–239.
949:, pages 31–36.
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929:Further reading
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1079:
1078:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1026:
1019:
1005:
996:
973:
958:
939:
930:
927:
924:
923:
901:
882:
861:
835:
823:
804:
779:
753:
728:
694:
669:
656:
643:
632:(3): 213–224.
608:
596:
562:
540:
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:
504:
501:
498:
497:
490:
489:
482:
481:
474:
473:
466:
465:
458:
457:
450:
449:
442:
441:
440:, Rome, Italy
434:
433:
422:
421:
414:
413:
406:
405:
396:
388:
387:
382:
368:
365:
353:identification
284:
281:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
158:
152:
151:
145:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
119:
118:
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
81:
75:
74:
70:
69:
62:
56:
55:
52:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2163:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Shark finning
2067:
2065:
2064:Shark culling
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Sea Around Us
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Seafood Watch
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1869:Shrimp-Turtle
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:Pulse fishing
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Fisheries law
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:Fisheries law
1595:
1591:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Eel fisheries
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1471:Cod fisheries
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:Demersal fish
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Trophic level
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1077:(2–3): 38–39.
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1063:(6): 891–892.
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
932:
920:
917:
913:
910:
905:
898:
894:
891:
886:
871:
865:
849:
845:
839:
832:
827:
820:
816:
813:
808:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
776:
772:
769:
765:
762:
757:
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
666:
660:
653:
647:
639:
635:
631:
627:
620:
612:
605:
600:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
572:
566:
559:
556:
552:
549:
544:
537:
536:
529:
525:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
475:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
400:
394:
389:
385:
380:
377:
375:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Rainer Froese
306:
303:
299:
295:
290:
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
258:IUCN Red List
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
195:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
146:
144:
140:
137:Miscellaneous
135:
131:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
100:
99:Rainer Froese
96:
93:
89:
85:
82:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
53:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
19:
1880:Conservation
1868:
1835:
1828:
1611:conservation
1566:Algal blooms
1551:Water column
1466:Pelagic fish
1446:Coastal fish
1392:OSTM/Jason-2
1381:
1367:Bioeconomics
1302:Acoustic tag
1272:Fish counter
1155:Fish on line
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1034:
1015:
1011:
1000:
984:
969:
965:
946:
918:
904:
885:
875:22 September
873:. Retrieved
864:
852:. Retrieved
848:the original
838:
826:
807:
791:
782:
774:
770:
756:
740:
731:
715:
681:
672:
659:
646:
629:
625:
611:
599:
591:
585:
581:
565:
557:
543:
534:
528:
383:
370:
367:Organization
334:
307:
289:Daniel Pauly
286:
273:common names
266:
219:
202:
201:
191:Bookmarkable
165:Data release
95:Daniel Pauly
18:
2131:Ichthyology
1804:Overfishing
1716:Catch share
1546:Marine snow
1531:Sardine run
1516:Fish screen
1511:Fish ladder
1461:Forage fish
361:SeaLifeBase
357:aquaculture
115:fishbase.us
41:Description
2125:Categories
2028:Greenpeace
1736:Slot limit
1679:Management
1603:management
1571:Dead zones
1526:Salmon run
1506:Eel ladder
1402:Institutes
1242:Fish stock
854:27 January
520:References
337:LarvalBase
250:LarvalBase
230:morphology
226:biometrics
156:Versioning
128:Standalone
49:Data types
1998:WorldFish
1963:SeaChoice
1576:Fish kill
1556:Upwelling
1521:Migration
1428:fisheries
1222:Fisheries
1138:FishBytes
1050:(2): 4–6.
777:(2): 7–9.
594:(4): 2–6.
470:WorldFish
298:mortality
167:frequency
60:Organisms
2008:HERMIONE
1936:Advocacy
1848:Discards
1382:FishBase
1372:EconMult
1322:EcoSCOPE
1120:Blue Zoo
1071:Bulletin
912:Archived
893:Archived
831:FishBase
815:Archived
764:Archived
665:FishBase
574:Archived
551:Archived
503:See also
260:and the
222:taxonomy
203:FishBase
193:entities
148:CC-BY-NC
51:captured
22:FishBase
2044:CalCOFI
2013:PROFISH
1943:FishAct
1843:Bycatch
1377:Ecopath
1292:Biomass
1224:science
1192:Fishery
1140:, 2005.
351:, fish
314:finfish
283:History
269:species
254:GenBank
215:finfish
175:Version
143:License
110:Website
91:Authors
73:Contact
66:finfish
36:Content
1983:Oceana
1746:EU MLS
991:
953:
798:
747:
722:
688:
626:Cybium
349:larvae
322:CD-ROM
256:, the
105:Access
622:(PDF)
205:is a
122:Tools
1871:case
1609:and
1426:Wild
1208:and
1037:(3).
989:ISBN
979:In:
951:ISBN
877:2023
856:2014
796:ISBN
745:ISBN
720:ISBN
686:ISBN
397:The
347:and
345:eggs
228:and
211:fish
1622:Law
970:220
634:doi
318:Web
209:of
196:Yes
2127::
1605:,
1601:,
1075:12
1073:,
1061:14
1048:10
1035:17
1016:32
1014:,
968:,
775:23
697:^
630:47
628:.
624:.
592:14
584:.
428:,
332:.
264:.
252:,
244:,
240:,
97:,
1184:e
1177:t
1170:v
1122:.
995:.
957:.
879:.
858:.
802:.
751:.
726:.
692:.
640:.
636::
560:.
68:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
