530:
405:
191:
family, who used that surname from the mid-12th century, though more frequently the generational patronymic forms were abandoned in favor of a toponymic. In some cases the Fitz surnames have preserved pet forms of the paternal name, such as FitzGibbon or FitzHarris (representing pet forms of
Gilbert
794:
Five rectangles of red linen, formerly used as curtains for the miniatures. ff. 3–6: Eight miniatures of the kings of
England from Edward the Confessor (r. 1042–1066) to Edward I (r. 1272–1307); each one except the last is accompanied by a short account of their reign in Anglo-Norman prose. 'Sir
186:
As family identity strengthened, these personal patronymics evolved into patronymic surnames, locking into a particular form passed unchanged to successive family members independent of the given names in each generation, such as with the
192:
and Henry, respectively). There are also examples of the Fitz surname element appearing alone, either as a shortening of an original full patronymic surname, or originally distinguishing a son from his father of the same name (Roger
327:, who would refer to herself as Mrs. FitzGeorge. This practice by the late royalty gave rise to the erroneous belief that historical instances of Fitz surnames also denoted illegitimacy, which was not the case. In 1834, the Baronet
37:
to help distinguish individuals by identifying their immediate predecessors. Meaning "son of", it would precede the father's forename, or less commonly a title held by the father. In rare cases, it formed part of a
480:
134:
would indicate the person so referred was "son of
Bernard". In its original usage, this was part of the personal name of the bearer, and would change in each generation: Domesday landholder
466:
82:, and at later periods this form was adopted by English kings for the surnames given some of their recognized illegitimate children, and by Irish families when
259:, were of native Irish origin. This name is an anglicization of the Gaelic patronymic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig, the name changed by monarchical decree of
102:
and nobility were distinguished when named in contemporary documents in one of several ways. For example, some were further identified using a
502:
216:
447:
292:
508:
126:(Alan 'the Red'). Finally, some were distinguished simply by associating them with their father's name, some of which used the
845:
158:
78:(son). Its use during the period of English surname adoption (following the Norman conquest) led to its incorporation into
412:
304:
387:
has written a series of fictional fantasy novels featuring a royal bastard, the assassin FitzChivalry 'Fitz' Farseer.
328:
42:
to associate the bearer with a more prominent mother. Convention among modern historians is to represent the word as
320:
312:
777:
878:
228:
753:
549:
702:
900:
887:
252:
377:
features the fictional rakishly aristocratic figure Lord John
Fitzjoly. In Jane Austen's famous novel
118:
1015–1094), ('Roger of
Beaumont'). For others an indication of their societal role was given, as with
638:
279:(1603–1714) and later, there was a revival of the adoption of fitz surname forms, particularly for
176:
363:
includes the eccentric and foolish
Norfolk squire named Fabian Fitzdottrell, a name evoking the
83:
712:
658:
647:
451:
288:
264:
107:
47:
20:
916:
622:
143:
34:
8:
732:
591:
515:
486:
379:
359:
300:
208:
169:), while several illegitimate children of the Norman and early Angevin kings were called
79:
157:
patronymic form. This is seen, for example, with Otuer fitz Count, illegitimate son of
873:
537:(Names are variously spelled with or without a space and capital letter after "Fitz-")
373:
256:
240:
106:, which indicated their feudal holdings or the location of their origin, such as with
676:
668:
496:
462:
364:
331:
obtained royal licence to make "a fanciful alteration" of his surname to
Fitzwygram.
324:
244:
212:
171:
147:
139:
111:
716:
583:
579:
472:
441:
368:
220:
135:
119:
861:
Stalley, R. A. 1999. Early medieval architecture. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
672:
587:
559:
545:
490:
476:
316:
276:
180:
618:
87:
416:
910:
868:
456:
248:
227:
and distinct from another of the king's bastards born to a different mother,
175:, which means "son of the king" in Anglo-Norman French. Some examples being
555:
344:
308:
280:
199:
In some circumstances, it was instead the mother who was memorialized in a
319:; and FitzGeorge, for the sons born to the legally prohibited marriage of
153:
In certain cases, it is the title of the father that would form part of a
692:
663:
643:
602:
224:
846:"Wigram, Robert II (1773–1843), of Belmont Lodge, Malvern Wells, Worcs."
219:, or to distinguish like-named brothers with different mothers, such as
795:
Lowys fiz le Roy
Phylippe de Fraunce' 'en engletere: le Roy Jon regna.'
697:
687:
653:
607:
597:
575:
570:
565:
384:
354:
260:
204:
123:
59:
39:
30:
529:
196:, Roger 'the son'), then used by descendants as a hereditary surname.
707:
682:
633:
612:
296:
103:
353:
includes a Lord
Waldemar Fitzurse, a noble advisor of prince John.
628:
541:
475:(died 1170/1), son of Warin of Metz, and progeny of same name (see
188:
467:
High Sheriff of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and the Royal Forests
349:
383:, a major character is named Fitzwilliam Darcy. More recently,
99:
239:
Use in Ireland had two independent origins. The Irish surname
19:
This article is about the surname prefix. For other uses, see
867:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
207:. This is seen with the name of a noteworthy mother, as with
821:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
808:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
283:
children of kings, princes, or high nobility, for example
850:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820
514:
Ivo FitzWaryn (1347–1414) whose daughter, Alice, married
731:
is also a stand-alone German surname originating in the
757:, he is known as Fitzwarren and brings up Whittington.
819:
Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds.,
806:
Patrick Harris, Richard Coates, Peter McClure, eds.,
263:
as part of the family's submission under the Crown's
251:
nobleman whose son and grandson were involved in the
520:
William FitzStephen, remarked on the Tower of London
16:
Prefix in patronymic surnames of Anglo-Norman origin
908:
450:(1020–1071), a relative and close counsellor of
872:
367:, viewed by Jacobeans as a foolish bird, while
74:), meaning "son of", and ultimately from Latin
122:(Robert 'the steward'), or a nickname like
876:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
311:for those of Duke of Clarence, later King
503:Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester
459:before 1100 – 10 July 1137
243:, for example, is thought to derive from
217:Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester
528:
448:William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford
299:, for the illegitimate children of king
142:, followed in successive generations by
509:Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter
215:, and Robert fitz Pernell, a byname of
909:
481:Fulk XI FitzWarin, 7th Baron FitzWarin
58:, or similar forms, deriving from the
882:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
524:
823:, Oxford, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 927-929.
505:(died 1204, alias Robert FitzPernel)
399:
165:being the equivalent of the English
810:, Oxford, 2016, vol. 1, pp. ix-xiv.
533:Coat of arms of the FitzAlan family
395:
343:has been used to connote nobility.
13:
14:
928:
159:Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester
403:
321:Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
255:. However, other forms, such as
291:and one of his mistresses, the
879:New International Encyclopedia
855:
839:
826:
813:
800:
778:"Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1"
770:
745:
334:
234:
229:Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester
1:
834:A History of British Surnames
764:
723:
223:, born to Henry I's mistress
115:
98:In Anglo-Norman England, the
50:documentation, it appears as
754:Dick Whittington and His Cat
738:
550:Viscount FitzAlan of Derwent
493:, known as Henry FitzEmpress
7:
435:
390:
267:policy in the 1530s–1540s.
10:
933:
270:
253:Norman invasion of Ireland
29:(pronounced "fits") was a
18:
93:
558:(late 18th century; see
339:In the arts, the prefix
836:, Longman, 1990, p. 126
203:name form, making it a
161:(the continental title
534:
179:, son of Henry I, and
46:, but in the original
852:, ed. R. Thorne, 1986
782:Les roys de Engeltere
648:Marquess of Lansdowne
532:
452:William the Conqueror
265:surrender and regrant
108:William the Conqueror
90:patronymic surnames.
21:Fitz (disambiguation)
623:FitzHerbert baronets
489:(died 1189), son of
417:adding missing items
293:Duchess of Cleveland
287:for the children of
209:William fitz Empress
183:, son of king John.
144:Richard fitz Eustace
35:Anglo-Norman England
832:McKinley, Richard,
735:region of Germany.
592:FitzGerald baronets
516:Richard Whittington
487:Henry II of England
380:Pride and Prejudice
360:The Devil Is an Ass
80:patronymic surnames
535:
525:Prominent families
479:) surviving until
415:; you can help by
305:Arabella Churchill
213:Robert fitz Wimarc
33:indicator used in
895:Missing or empty
888:cite encyclopedia
677:Viscount Daventry
617:FitzHerbert (see
497:Reginald Fitzurse
469:from 1169 to 1177
463:William FitzRalph
433:
432:
329:Sir Robert Wygram
325:Sarah Fairbrother
323:(1819–1904) with
245:Gerald de Windsor
221:Robert fitz Edith
148:John fitz Richard
140:Eustace fitz John
136:John fitz Richard
112:Roger de Beaumont
924:
904:
898:
893:
891:
883:
862:
859:
853:
843:
837:
830:
824:
817:
811:
804:
798:
797:
791:
789:
774:
758:
749:
717:Earl Fitzwilliam
584:Duke of Leinster
580:Baron Fitzgerald
473:Fulk I FitzWarin
465:(1140–1200) the
442:Turstin FitzRolf
428:
425:
407:
406:
400:
396:Historic persons
369:Anthony Trollope
303:(1685–1688) and
181:Richard fitz Roy
120:Robert Despenser
117:
932:
931:
927:
926:
925:
923:
922:
921:
907:
906:
896:
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885:
884:
865:
860:
856:
844:
840:
831:
827:
818:
814:
805:
801:
787:
785:
776:
775:
771:
767:
762:
761:
750:
746:
741:
726:
673:Duke of Grafton
588:Earl of Dunmore
560:King William IV
546:Duke of Norfolk
527:
491:Empress Matilda
477:Baron FitzWarin
438:
429:
423:
420:
404:
398:
393:
337:
315:(1830–1837) by
273:
237:
130:element. Thus
96:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
930:
920:
919:
864:
863:
854:
838:
825:
812:
799:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
751:In the legend
743:
742:
740:
737:
725:
722:
721:
720:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
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651:
641:
636:
631:
626:
619:Baron Stafford
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
573:
568:
563:
553:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
512:
506:
500:
494:
484:
470:
460:
454:
445:
437:
434:
431:
430:
410:
408:
397:
394:
392:
389:
371:'s 1862 novel
336:
333:
272:
269:
236:
233:
177:Henry fitz Roy
138:was father of
95:
92:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
929:
918:
915:
914:
912:
905:
902:
889:
881:
880:
875:
874:Gilman, D. C.
870:
869:public domain
858:
851:
847:
842:
835:
829:
822:
816:
809:
803:
796:
783:
779:
773:
769:
756:
755:
748:
744:
736:
734:
730:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
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689:
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681:
678:
674:
670:
667:
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657:
655:
652:
649:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
561:
557:
554:
551:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:
531:
519:
517:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:Pain fitzJohn
455:
453:
449:
446:
443:
440:
439:
427:
418:
414:
411:This list is
409:
402:
401:
388:
386:
382:
381:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:Cambro-Norman
246:
242:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
190:
184:
182:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:Norman French
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
22:
897:|title=
877:
866:
857:
849:
841:
833:
828:
820:
815:
807:
802:
793:
786:. Retrieved
781:
772:
752:
747:
728:
727:
556:FitzClarence
536:
421:
378:
372:
358:
348:
345:Walter Scott
340:
338:
309:FitzClarence
284:
281:illegitimate
274:
238:
200:
198:
193:
185:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
132:fitz Bernard
131:
127:
97:
75:
71:
67:
63:
55:
51:
43:
26:
25:
917:Patronymics
784:. 1280–1300
713:Fitzwilliam
693:Fitzstephen
664:Fitzrichard
659:Fitzpatrick
644:Fitzmaurice
603:Fitzgilbert
511:(1247–1326)
499:(1145–1173)
483:(1405–1420)
335:In the arts
317:Mrs. Jordan
257:Fitzpatrick
235:Irish usage
110:'s adviser
84:anglicizing
765:References
733:Palatinate
724:Other uses
703:Fitzwarren
698:FitzThomas
688:Fitzsimons
654:Fitzmorris
608:Fitzharris
598:Fitzgibbon
576:FitzGerald
571:FitzGeorge
566:Fitzduncan
444:(fl. 1066)
424:March 2014
413:incomplete
385:Robin Hobb
374:Orley Farm
355:Ben Jonson
313:William IV
289:Charles II
277:Stuart era
261:Henry VIII
241:FitzGerald
205:matronymic
124:Alan Rufus
60:Old French
40:matronymic
31:patronymic
739:Footnotes
708:Fitzwater
683:Fitzsimon
634:FitzJames
613:Fitzhenry
297:FitzJames
275:From the
104:toponymic
911:Category
639:FitzJohn
629:Fitzhugh
542:FitzAlan
436:Medieval
391:Examples
365:dotterel
357:'s play
301:James II
189:FitzAlan
172:fitz Roy
70:(French
871::
669:Fitzroy
350:Ivanhoe
285:Fitzroy
271:Revival
788:28 May
100:gentry
94:Origin
88:Gaelic
86:their
76:filius
715:(see
671:(see
646:(see
578:(see
544:(see
225:Edith
163:count
62:noun
901:help
790:2023
729:Fitz
341:Fitz
247:, a
201:fitz
194:fitz
167:earl
155:fitz
146:and
128:fitz
72:fils
64:filz
56:filz
44:fitz
27:Fitz
419:.
347:'s
68:fiz
52:fiz
913::
892::
890:}}
886:{{
848:,
792:.
780:.
675:,
621:,
590:,
586:,
582:,
548:,
307:;
295:;
231:.
211:,
150:.
116:c.
66:,
54:,
903:)
899:(
719:)
679:)
650:)
625:)
594:)
562:)
552:)
426:)
422:(
114:(
23:.
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