159:
344:
binding to ACh. As a result, ACh accumulates within the neuromuscular junction, but since ACh cannot bind to the receptors on the muscle, the muscle cannot be stimulated. This poison must enter the bloodstream for it to work. If curare affects the respiratory muscles, then its effects can become life-threatening, placing the victim at risk for suffocation.
343:
darts. Curare has also been used medicinally by South
Americans to treat madness, dropsy, edema, fever, kidney stones, and bruises. Curare acts as a neuromuscular blocking agent that induces flaccid paralysis. This poison binds to the acetylcholine (ACh) receptors on the muscle, blocking them from
311:
include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Botulism prevents muscle contraction by blocking the release of acetylcholine, thereby halting postsynaptic activity of the neuromuscular junction. If its effects reach
378:
An AFP surveillance programme is conducted to increase case yield of poliomyelitis. This includes collection of two stool samples within fourteen days of onset of paralysis and identification of virus, and control of the outbreak and strengthening immunization in that area.
339:– crush and cook the roots and stems of these and certain other plants and then mix the resulting decoction with various other plant poisons and animal venoms to create a syrupy liquid in which to dip their arrow heads and the tips of their
1005:
982:
487:
Kelly H, Brussen KA, Lawrence A, Elliot E, Pearn J, Thorley B (June 2006). "Polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in
Australia, 1996–2004".
307:. Botulism toxin blocks the exocytosis of presynaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine (ACh). When this occurs, the muscles are unable to contract. Other symptoms associated with infection from this
838:
Centers for
Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (September 2002). "Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with West Nile virus infection – Mississippi and Louisiana, July–August 2002".
382:
Historical records from the 1950s, modern CDC reports, and recent analysis of patterns in India suggest that flaccid paralysis may be caused in some cases by oral polio vaccinations.
1795:
1048:
859:
Sejvar JJ, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Van Gerpen JA, Marfin AA, Webb R, Haddad MB, Tierney BC, Slavinski SA, Polk JL, Dostrow V, Winkelmann M, Petersen LR (July 2003).
1041:
546:"flaccid paralysis – definition of flaccid paralysis in the Medical dictionary – by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia"
1034:
619:
Idris M, Elahi M, Arif A (Jan–Mar 2007). "Guillain Barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Hazara division".
1800:
680:"Public Health Dispatch: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus – Philippines, 2001"
199:
are severed, then the muscle will exhibit flaccid paralysis. When muscles enter this state, they become limp and cannot
796:
127:
1644:
335:, which are native to the rainforests of South America. Certain peoples indigenous to the region – notably the
368:
457:
Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and
Function. McGraw-Hill. 6th Edition. 2012.
1692:
440:
31:
766:
702:
420:
648:"The critical role of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative"
1544:
1539:
958:
357:
353:
325:
954:
904:"Epidemiology and clinical findings associated with enteroviral acute flaccid paralysis in Pakistan"
545:
158:
1026:
735:
1639:
1435:
17:
1629:
1227:
238:(AFP) is often used to describe an instance with a sudden onset, as might be found with polio.
229:
215:
stage in complete transection of the spinal cord occurring in injuries such as gunshot wounds.
1651:
531:
467:
279:
246:
1108:
1722:
1190:
37:"Flaccid" redirects here. For the states of the half-erect penis or clitoris tissues, see
8:
1754:
1656:
1579:
1009:
679:
204:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1385:
1250:
1148:
1057:
930:
903:
885:
860:
513:
372:
200:
1453:
1014:
1282:
1240:
1098:
1088:
935:
890:
847:
826:
792:
628:
596:
505:
501:
147:
902:
Saeed M, Zaidi SZ, Naeem A, Masroor M, Sharif S, Shaukat S, Angez M, Khan A (2007).
517:
312:
the respiratory muscles, then it can lead to respiratory failure, leading to death.
1607:
1486:
1445:
1133:
1075:
925:
915:
880:
872:
714:
659:
497:
405:
398:
63:
532:"Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information – CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases"
1749:
1682:
1619:
1594:
1584:
1574:
1561:
1551:
1113:
412:
262:
196:
184:
1739:
1702:
1267:
1255:
1143:
1128:
664:
588:
187:). This abnormal condition may be caused by disease or by trauma affecting the
999:
995:
991:
1789:
1774:
1717:
1315:
1205:
1165:
1118:
1103:
719:
566:
304:
192:
837:
703:"Trends in Nonpolio Acute Flaccid Paralysis Incidence in India 2000 to 2013"
1712:
1529:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1335:
1320:
1123:
1083:
939:
894:
876:
851:
830:
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632:
600:
509:
401:
212:
188:
920:
701:
Vashisht, Neetu; Puliyel, Jacob; Sreenivas, Vishnubhatla (February 2015).
1759:
1734:
1634:
1602:
1569:
1525:
1339:
1260:
1195:
1170:
1153:
254:
208:
180:
974:
1697:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1430:
1364:
1354:
1292:
1215:
367:
Included in AFP's list are poliomyelitis (polio), transverse myelitis,
361:
308:
266:
38:
249:
during polio outbreaks. AFP is also associated with a number of other
1769:
1729:
1707:
1687:
1661:
1624:
1612:
1520:
1463:
1440:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1330:
1300:
1272:
1245:
1180:
1160:
416:
331:
292:
258:
176:
152:
27:
Weakness, paralysis, and reduced tone in a muscle due to nerve damage
1056:
1666:
1506:
1344:
1325:
734:
GJ Müller; H Modler; CA Wium; DJH Veale; C J Marks (October 2012).
284:
250:
172:
1744:
1415:
733:
340:
336:
296:
291:
may be ingested. Introduction of the bacteria may also occur via
817:"Progress towards poliomyelitis eradication, Nepal, 1996–1999".
1764:
1425:
1310:
1305:
1277:
1235:
1093:
986:
846:(37). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): 825–8.
320:
1420:
1410:
411:
In some situations, prominently in those of oriental descent
394:
390:
386:
364:, although early on this may present with flaccid paralysis.
242:
1200:
1061:
191:
associated with the involved muscles. For example, if the
95:
858:
486:
415:
can affect the consumption and restoration equilibrium of
955:
787:
Burrow, Gerard; Oppenheimer, Jack; Volṕe, Robert (1989).
736:"Snake bite in southern Africa: diagnosis and management"
116:
110:
104:
84:
75:
700:
1796:
Symptoms and signs: Nervous and musculoskeletal systems
861:"Acute flaccid paralysis and West Nile virus infection"
443:
Public Health
Notifiable Disease Management Guidelines.
323:
is a plant poison derived from – among other species –
299:, they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because
901:
786:
385:
Venomous snakes that contain neurotoxic venom such as
203:. This condition can become fatal if it affects the
128:
119:
113:
81:
78:
69:
964:
107:
101:
92:
87:
72:
98:
66:
774:Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare
371:, enteroviral encephalopathy, traumatic neuritis,
1787:
453:
451:
449:
397:can also cause complete flaccid paralysis. Some
595:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
618:
439:Alberta Government Health and Wellness (2005)
1042:
446:
171:is a neurological condition characterized by
303:produces a toxin that blocks the release of
840:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
684:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
621:Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad
408:can also cause complete flaccid paralysis.
352:Flaccid paralysis can be associated with a
329:and various species belonging to the genus
1049:
1035:
645:
548:. Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
223:
157:
929:
919:
884:
718:
663:
589:"Neuroanatomy, Lower Motor Neuron Lesion"
586:
30:For the tactical shooting technique, see
587:Javed, Kinaan; Daly, Daniel T. (2022),
490:Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
14:
1788:
764:
1030:
791:. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders.
241:AFP is the most common sign of acute
567:"Curare – Chondrodendron tomentosum"
819:Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire
727:
295:in a wound. When the bacteria are
183:without other obvious cause (e.g.,
24:
1099:Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait
809:
25:
1812:
948:
1693:Overpronation/Flexible flat feet
502:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00875.x
62:
1801:Enterovirus-associated diseases
780:
758:
694:
672:
646:Tangermann, Rudolf (May 2017).
639:
789:Thyroid function & disease
690:(40): 874–5. October 12, 2001.
612:
580:
559:
538:
524:
480:
460:
433:
13:
1:
765:Sidell, Frederick R. (1997).
426:
419:ions in neurons resulting in
1144:Myopathic gait/Waddling gait
865:Emerging Infectious Diseases
825:(42): 349–53. October 1999.
740:Continuing Medical Education
360:, which often presents with
356:. This is in contrast to an
32:Flaccid paralysis (shooting)
7:
272:
10:
1817:
283:bacteria are the cause of
227:
36:
29:
1675:
1593:
1560:
1545:Lower motor neuron lesion
1540:Upper motor neuron lesion
1462:
1378:
1345:Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia
1291:
1226:
1068:
1060:relating to movement and
968:
959:World Health Organization
767:"Chapter 5: Nerve Agents"
713:(Supplement 1): S16–S17.
468:"GPEI-Polio + Prevention"
358:upper motor neuron lesion
354:lower motor neuron lesion
326:Chondrodendron tomentosum
315:
218:
146:
54:
49:
957:A Collaboration between
720:10.1542/peds.2014-3330DD
665:10.1093/inthealth/ihx016
347:
211:. It also occurs in the
961:and Government of Nepal
908:BMC Infectious Diseases
441:Acute Flaccid Paralysis
369:Guillain–Barré syndrome
287:. Vegetative cells of
236:acute flaccid paralysis
224:Polio and other viruses
207:, posing the threat of
877:10.3201/eid0907.030129
569:. Blueplanetbiomes.org
230:Acute flaccid myelitis
1652:Boutonniere deformity
921:10.1186/1471-2334-7-6
280:Clostridium botulinum
1723:Clasp-knife response
652:International Health
1755:Conversion disorder
1657:Swan neck deformity
1580:Locomotive syndrome
205:respiratory muscles
1492:Spastic paraplegia
1482:Spastic paraplegia
1477:Periodic paralysis
1386:Abnormal posturing
1251:Dysdiadochokinesia
1187:Asynchronous gait
1149:Trendelenburg gait
1109:Marche à petit pas
1058:Signs and symptoms
257:other than polio,
1783:
1782:
1472:Flaccid paralysis
1293:Abnormal movement
1283:Hemimotor neglect
1241:Cerebellar ataxia
1191:Gunslinger's gait
1089:Cerebellar ataxia
1024:
1023:
253:agents including
169:Flaccid paralysis
166:
165:
50:Flaccid paralysis
44:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1808:
1487:Spastic diplegia
1454:Tonic immobility
1446:Waxy flexibility
1390:Stooped posture
1196:Hemiparetic gait
1177:Asymmetric gait
1076:Gait abnormality
1051:
1044:
1037:
1028:
1027:
966:
965:
943:
933:
923:
898:
888:
855:
834:
803:
802:
784:
778:
777:
776:. p. 144ff.
771:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
731:
725:
724:
722:
698:
692:
691:
676:
670:
669:
667:
643:
637:
636:
616:
610:
609:
608:
607:
584:
578:
577:
575:
574:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
542:
536:
535:
528:
522:
521:
484:
478:
477:
475:
474:
464:
458:
455:
444:
437:
399:chemical warfare
269:, among others.
162:
161:
135:
131:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
47:
46:
21:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1750:Motion sickness
1683:Rachitic rosary
1671:
1620:Joint stiffness
1595:Range of motion
1589:
1556:
1552:Sleep paralysis
1536:General causes
1458:
1374:
1287:
1222:
1134:Vestibular gait
1114:Propulsive gait
1064:
1055:
1025:
1020:
1019:
977:
951:
946:
816:
812:
810:Further reading
807:
806:
799:
785:
781:
769:
763:
759:
749:
747:
732:
728:
699:
695:
678:
677:
673:
644:
640:
617:
613:
605:
603:
585:
581:
572:
570:
565:
564:
560:
551:
549:
544:
543:
539:
530:
529:
525:
485:
481:
472:
470:
466:
465:
461:
456:
447:
438:
434:
429:
413:hyperthyroidism
373:Reye's syndrome
350:
318:
275:
263:West Nile virus
245:, and used for
232:
226:
221:
197:skeletal muscle
156:
142:
133:
129:
91:
65:
61:
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1740:Astasia-abasia
1737:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1703:Bow-leggedness
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Sensory ataxia
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1256:Pronator drift
1253:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1129:Truncal ataxia
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1002:
978:
973:
972:
970:
969:Classification
963:
962:
950:
949:External links
947:
945:
944:
899:
856:
835:
813:
811:
808:
805:
804:
797:
779:
757:
726:
693:
671:
658:(3): 156–163.
638:
611:
579:
558:
537:
523:
479:
459:
445:
431:
430:
428:
425:
349:
346:
317:
314:
274:
271:
225:
222:
220:
217:
193:somatic nerves
164:
163:
150:
144:
143:
141:
140:
58:
56:
52:
51:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1813:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1775:Dancing mania
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:Hyperreflexia
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:Hypermobility
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Joint locking
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:Fasciculation
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:Antalgic gait
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:Steppage gait
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Stomping gait
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Magnetic gait
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
984:
980:
979:
976:
971:
967:
960:
956:
953:
952:
941:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
896:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
871:(7): 788–93.
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
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55:Pronunciation
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19:
1713:Hyporeflexia
1608:Bethlem sign
1575:Gowers' sign
1530:Quadruplegia
1471:
1406:Opisthotonus
1399:Osteoporosis
1394:Camptocormia
1336:Hyperkinesia
1321:Fibrillation
1228:Coordination
1181:Leaping gait
1124:Spastic gait
1094:Choreic gait
1084:Scissor gait
1004:
981:
911:
907:
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748:. Retrieved
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571:. Retrieved
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550:. Retrieved
540:
526:
496:(6): 370–6.
493:
489:
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471:. Retrieved
462:
435:
421:hypokalaemic
410:
402:nerve agents
384:
381:
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366:
351:
330:
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319:
301:C. botulinum
300:
289:C. botulinum
288:
278:
276:
267:adenoviruses
247:surveillance
240:
235:
233:
213:spinal shock
179:and reduced
168:
167:
1760:Shell shock
1735:Hypnic jerk
1635:Gorlin sign
1603:Contracture
1570:Hemiparesis
1526:Tetraplegia
1340:Hypokinesia
1261:Dyssynergia
1171:Toe walking
1154:Pigeon gait
627:(1): 26–8.
423:paralysis.
259:echoviruses
209:suffocation
181:muscle tone
1790:Categories
1698:Knock-knee
1516:Hemiplegia
1511:Paraplegia
1502:Monoplegia
1498:Syndromes
1431:Hypertonia
1365:Echopraxia
1355:Stereotypy
1216:Lotus gait
1212:Deformity
707:Pediatrics
606:2022-11-18
593:StatPearls
573:2014-02-26
552:2014-02-26
473:2022-11-18
427:References
362:spasticity
309:neurotoxin
293:endospores
251:pathogenic
228:See also:
39:Tumescence
1770:Catatonia
1730:Shivering
1708:Back knee
1688:Flat feet
1662:Scoliosis
1625:Ankylosis
1613:Club foot
1521:Triplegia
1464:Paralysis
1450:Grimacing
1441:Catalepsy
1379:Posturing
1370:Echolalia
1360:Akathisia
1350:Hypotonia
1331:Myoclonus
1301:Athetosis
1273:Asterixis
1246:Dysmetria
1161:Foot drop
1140:Muscular
417:potassium
332:Strychnos
234:The term
177:paralysis
153:Neurology
148:Specialty
1667:Kyphosis
1562:Weakness
1507:Diplegia
1326:Myokymia
940:17300736
895:12890318
852:12353741
831:10895300
633:17867475
601:30969636
518:23585402
510:16737480
404:such as
285:botulism
273:Botulism
201:contract
173:weakness
136:-iss-iss
132:-sid pə-
1745:Vertigo
1416:Trismus
931:1804272
886:3023428
750:2 March
375:, etc.
341:blowgun
337:Macushi
297:in vivo
18:Flaccid
1765:Stupor
1585:Ptosis
1426:Tetany
1311:Tremor
1306:Chorea
1278:Abasia
1236:Ataxia
938:
928:
893:
883:
850:
829:
795:
631:
599:
516:
508:
395:cobras
393:, and
391:mambas
387:kraits
321:Curare
316:Curare
265:, and
219:Causes
189:nerves
185:trauma
155:
139:
1676:Other
1421:Cramp
1411:Spasm
1015:359.9
1000:G82.3
996:G82.0
992:G81.0
914:: 6.
770:(PDF)
514:S2CID
348:Other
243:polio
195:to a
1201:Limp
1080:CNS
1069:Gait
1062:gait
1010:9-CM
936:PMID
891:PMID
848:PMID
827:PMID
793:ISBN
752:2015
629:PMID
597:PMID
506:PMID
277:The
130:FLAK
1645:HSD
1640:EDS
1006:ICD
983:ICD
926:PMC
916:doi
881:PMC
873:doi
715:doi
711:135
660:doi
498:doi
175:or
134:RAL
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