764:
31:
384:
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57:
475:
608:
709:
763:
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Zamora L, Vela AI, Sánchez-Porro C, Palacios MA, DomĂnguez L, Moore ER, Ventosa A, Fernández-Garayzábal JF (December 2013). "Characterization of flavobacteria possibly associated with fish and fish farm environment. Description of three novel
Flavobacterium species: Flavobacterium collinsii sp. nov.,
732:
in rainbow trout, which can cause tissue erosion, jaw ulcerations, inflammation, and behavioural issues. It can also cause acute losses in young rainbow trout, known as rainbow trout fry syndrome. In 2005, the
National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture measured survival rate to be 29.3% from
439:
Flavobacteriia are widely distributed with high abundances in aquatic systems. They have been found in diseased fish, microbial mats, freshwater and river sediments, seawater and marine sediments, soil, glaciers, and
Antarctic lakes. Increases in abundance are found in areas of high organic substrate
399:
and contained one of the first of 46 discussed species. The manual defines
Flavobacteriia as gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, non-gliding rods. In 1999, Flavobacteriia was discovered to have a yellow pigment in colonies. It was also identified that they move through gliding and only grow in
772:
Flavobacteriia have been linked to food and food product deterioration. The relative humidity of the shop where the product is located affects the growth of psychrophilic or psychrotrophic microorganisms. Due to the formation of metabolic byproducts, spoilage of uncooked red flesh causes unpleasant
177:
Flavobacteriia have impacts on both the environment and human society, as they are able to cause diseases in many organisms. They are important in the decomposition of organic matter and pollutants, and are key members in the formation of marine biofilms. They also have been known to cause diseases
745:
Marine biofilms are a biological element that significantly affects the productivity and operation of marine habitats by assisting in basic microbial processes like photosynthesis, the cycling of nitrogen, and the degradation of organic matter and pollutants. In the early stage of marine biofilms
746:
formation, Flavobacteriia colonize and form microcolonies to serve as a foundation for establishing other microorganisms in a community. In the biofilms community, Flavobacteriia also engage in a variety of cooperated interactions with other microbes rather than competition, including
700:
Though the majority of
Flavobacteriia are harmless, some infect opportunistically or cause severe diseases. This means that they can cause disease in many types organisms such as plants or fish. They have proteins that discharge factors able to cause the development of a disease.
767:
A culture of
Cytophaga strains to study enzymes in relation to polysaccharides. Specifically, yeast is used industrial and laboratory processes and Cytophaga enzymes can destroy the yeast cell wall. The culture was obtained using a microbiological loop to streak on agar nutrient
665:, casitone-yeast extract agar, PYG agar, and TYES agar, or nutrient-poor media such as AO agar, PY2 agar, and R2A agar. Flavobacteriia species that inhabit cold environments exhibit optimal growth at temperatures between 15 °C to 20 °C, while those that inhabit
845:
The decomposition abilities of
Flavobacteriia are also used to benefit humans industries. The bacteria commonly is found in sewage treatment facilities. They are used to treat wastewater because of their ability to digest chemicals and other molecules, including
440:
inputs due to their role in the uptake, degradation, and decomposition of organic matter and can result in bacterial dominance. Flavobacteriia is prominent in ocean sediments and decreases with increasing depth, and prefer sediments lacking vegetation.
512:
of
Flavobacteriia exhibit a circular shape that is either convex or slightly convex with a smooth appearance. These colonies typically appear slightly translucent and can range in colour from pale yellow/cream to orange due to the presence of pigments such as
861:(a hydrolase), which can be taken up and used by plants or alter their signalling. It can act as a microbial agent to protect plants from other diseases, and even has benefits in the development of antimicrobial medicines.
434:
Flavobacteriia forming mudflat biofilms, as shown through confocal laser scanning microscopy in a 3D view. Growth took place over 24 hours on glass surfaces under dynamic conditions and stained with Syto 61 red. Scale bar:
421:
in 1996 with 10 species. Flavobacteriia used to contain many non-related species of yellow, rod-shaped bacteria, but taxonomy has changed and stabilized due to the sequencing of rRNA to deduce phylogenetic relationships.
773:
smells, potential slime production, localised discolouration and unwanted flavours. Similarly, while
Flavobacteriia are a continuous component of the initial flora in cold meats and fowl, they are unable to outcompete
169:
aerobic rods, 2–5 ÎĽm long, 0.1–0.5 ÎĽm wide, with rounded or tapered ends. They form circular cream to orange coloured colonies on agar, and are typically simple to successfully culture. Flavobacteriia is a
1383:
804:
Members of the
Flavobacteriia also cause disease in humans. However, as strains within the Flavobacterium were reclassified, many strains that cause human disease were transferred to new or different genera such as
1688:
Cleary DF, Coelho FJ, Oliveira V, Gomes NC, PolĂłnia AR (2017). "Sediment depth and habitat as predictors of the diversity and composition of sediment bacterial communities in an inter-tidal estuarine environment".
1998:
837:, post-surgery, and post-burn. To this point, existing pathogenic Flavobacteriia are currently very rare and difficult to detect, but remain a concern because they are resistant to many antimicrobial drugs.
649:
Typical culturing methods are used to isolate Flavobacteriia, such as simple dilutions. Techniques vary by species due to the high diversity of the class, however many are cultivated on simple media using
669:
environments exhibit optimal growth at temperatures between 20 °C to 30 °C. Therefore, temperatures for culturing are between 20 °C and 30 °C, with an optimal temperature of 37˚C.
1076:"International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria: Minutes of the meetings, 7 September 2011, Sapporo, Japan"
536:. Flavobacteriia exhibit a predominant forward gliding motion, but can also reverse direction and show flipping movements . Research suggests that the gliding motion is facilitated by the
208:
is most commonly used in studies of Flavobacteriia. This genus has 100 classified species with many additional unclassified species. Recent taxonomic updates have reclassified several
413:
disease with significant effects on fish, was discovered in the Mississippi River, making it one of the earliest known diseases of its kind. The disease was originally labelled as a
853:
Flavobacteriia is used to promote plant growth in the agricultural sector. The bacteria is able to solubilise inorganic phosphate and produce additional beneficial elements such as
637:
is useful in the active transport of protons across the cell membrane. This is useful in the creation of ATP as energy in Flavobacteriia. The diagram to the right shows how
780:
Flavobacteriia create pasteurisation-resistant extracellular enzymes, which causes the psychrotrophic deterioration of milk and dairy products. Due to the creation of
2337:
906:
162:
This class is widely distributed in soil, fresh, and seawater habitats. The name is often spelt Flavobacteria, but was officially named Flavobacteriia in 2012.
750:, nutrient sharing and scavenging. In sum, these interactions are essential for establishing and maintaining complex microbial communities in marine biofilms.
1024:
Buchan A, LeCleir GR, Gulvik CA, González JM (October 2014). "Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms".
466:
Flavobacteriia can also be found in non-marine systems and are most common in Asian regions, specifically Korea and China, as well as Japan and India.
658:. Sugars may need to be added or certain salts for marine species. Fish and bird pathogens may have additional requirements for culture methodology.
742:
causes columnaris disease in freshwater fish species. Columnaris disease causes skin lesions, fin erosion, and gill necrosis, leading to mortality.
2311:
508:. The rod-shape of these bacteria typically have straight or slightly curved parallel sides with rounded or slightly tapered ends. The overall
492:
rod-shaped bacteria with sizes typically ranging from 0.1ÎĽm to 0.5ÎĽm wide and 2ÎĽm to 5ÎĽm long. Depending on the species of Flavobacteriia, the
2350:
932:. Vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria) (2nd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 465–466.
1115:
174:
and are known for their ability to mineralize or degrade dissolved organic matter of high molecular weight and particulate plant material.
1797:
LĂĽderitz O, Freudenberg MA, Galanos C, Lehmann V, Rietschel ET, Shaw DH (January 1982). "Lipopolysaccharides of Gram-Negative Bacteria".
858:
1999:"Recent Advancements in Flavobacteria: Pathogenesis Mechanisms, Novel Genetic and Physiological Features, and Interaction with Hosts"
584:. Approximately half of the species belonging to Flavobacteriia are capable of breaking down carbohydrates into acid and can degrade
387:
Department disease laboratory researchers (Harold Wolf and Bill Schafer) investigate a trout disease threat in a commercial hatchery.
528:
and rely on either a gliding motion or are non-motile. The gliding motion allows them to move over wet surfaces such as a wet mount
2285:
661:
Marine Flavobacteriia are cultured on marine agar or cytophaga agar. Non-marine Flavobacteriia are culture on rich media including
463:. They have large impacts on the functioning of marine biofilms, however their abundance is believed to be heavily underestimated.
2324:
1576:"Marine bacteria from the French Atlantic coast displaying high forming-biofilm abilities and different biofilm 3D architectures"
186:
Flavobacteriia is the largest of the four classes of phylum Bacteroidota. It is a single-order class, and its largest family is
2021:"Rainbow trout resistance to bacterial cold-water disease is moderately heritable and is not adversely correlated with growth"
2116:
2081:
1814:
1558:
1448:
1185:
999:
937:
2329:
817:. Their main infected populations are newborns and people with immunodeficiencies. Neonatal infections usually manifest as
2020:
1264:"A Review of Flavobacterium Psychrophilum Biology, Clinical Signs, and Bacterial Cold Water Disease Prevention and Treat"
705:
are common on or in fish or the surrounding water. Bird pathogens cause outbreaks in domestic poultry or wild birds.
623:(PR) is a proton pump that uses light, however species who use PR need to adapt to different environments to combat
500:. They are classified as gram-negative due to the composition of their cell wall, which consists of a thin layer of
2386:
2355:
1630:"Bacterial community structure in a sympagic habitat expanding with global warming: brackish ice brine at 85-90 °N"
600:
of organic matter in both aquatic and soil environments due to their capability of breaking down various types of
451:. More specifically, these photic zones show that Flavobacteriia are prominent in productive environments such as
847:
39:
2133:"Development of Culture Medium for the Isolation of Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium from Rhizosphere Soil"
882:
class. nov.". In Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds.).
597:
728:
723:
56:
1891:"Gliding motility and Por secretion system genes are widespread among members of the phylum bacteroidetes"
1220:"Prokaryotic community successions and interactions in marine biofilms: the key role of Flavobacteriia"
1762:
Shewan JM, McMeekin TA (October 1983). "Taxonomy (and ecology) of Flavobacterium and related genera".
1431:
Waśkiewicz A, Irzykowska L (2014). "Flavobacterium spp. – Characteristics, Occurrence, and Toxicity".
576:
as energy sources, while others have a limited capacity or none at all, and instead prefer to utilize
2391:
2365:
2099:
Booth J (January 2007), Enna SJ, Bylund DB (eds.), "Chryseobacterium and Related Genera Infections",
1628:
Fernández-GĂłmez B, DĂez B, Polz MF, Arroyo JI, Alfaro FD, Marchandon G, et al. (February 2019).
777:
during preservation. Poultry has a much greater prevalence of flavobacteriia than other fresh flesh.
784:, they are also to blame for a decrease in cheddar cheese output and bitterness in milk. Given that
2237:
792:
that make up the milk fat globule membrane and thereby increase the vulnerability of the milk fat (
738:
714:
405:
1574:
Doghri I, Rodrigues S, Bazire A, Dufour A, Akbar D, Sopena V, Sablé S, Lanneluc I (October 2015).
1263:
611:
Diagram of bacterial cell with transporters. Genome analysis of proteorhodopsin in Flavobacteriia.
30:
1167:
396:
303:
223:
1123:
2414:
2199:
2019:
Silverstein JT, Vallejo RL, Palti Y, Leeds TD, Rexroad CE, Welch TJ, et al. (March 2009).
1218:
Pollet T, Berdjeb L, Garnier C, Durrieu G, Le Poupon C, Misson B, Jean-François B (June 2018).
489:
166:
1166:
Whitman WB, Rainey F, Kämpfer P, Trujillo M, Chun J, DeVos P, et al., eds. (2015-04-17).
2419:
2378:
2316:
2259:
1954:
1733:
1698:
1641:
854:
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is used in Flavobacteriia cells, and provides specifics about how it used in the bacteria.
541:
480:
2064:
GarcĂa-LĂłpez M, Santos J, Otero A (January 1999), "FLAVOBACTERIUM", in Robinson RK (ed.),
680:
species have been isolated through culture methods, mainly from polar regions. Additional
178:
in some animal species, specifically bacterial cold water disease and columnaris disease.
8:
1390:. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine
822:
655:
569:
560:, meaning they use organic molecules as a source of energy. Most species have obligately
496:
can range from 1.85x10 daltons to 3.9x10 daltons. Flavobacteriia are also unable to form
452:
383:
1958:
1775:
1737:
1702:
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2132:
1975:
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1915:
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1602:
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51:
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1444:
1336:
1241:
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1097:
1041:
995:
933:
666:
601:
509:
443:
These bacteria also are highly abundant in melt ponds, solid ice cores, sea ice, and
280:
264:
192:
188:
152:
2131:
Nishioka T, Elsharkawy MM, Suga H, Kageyama K, Hyakumachi M, Shimizu M (June 2016).
1943:"Proteorhodopsin variability and distribution in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre"
1053:
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conditions. Some species of Flavobacteriia have the ability to use a broad range of
2251:
2152:
2144:
2104:
2069:
2035:
1970:
1962:
1910:
1902:
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1706:
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1488:
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1436:
1326:
1316:
1305:"Columnaris disease in fish: a review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions"
1303:
Declercq AM, Haesebrouck F, Van den Broeck W, Bossier P, Decostere A (April 2013).
1278:
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107:
991:
430:
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620:
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537:
337:
299:
219:
141:
1283:
829:. In adults, infections can manifest in a variety of ways, including pneumonia,
2222:
2188:
1728:
Flavobacterium branchiarum sp. nov., and Flavobacterium branchiicola sp. nov".
1484:
747:
295:
288:
272:
215:
210:
204:
1966:
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1321:
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1984:
1924:
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1611:
1502:
1340:
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1101:
1092:
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834:
796:) to lipolytic assault, they may be significant in milk and milk products.
793:
789:
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414:
240:
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156:
78:
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2039:
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1302:
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1710:
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553:
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514:
410:
44:
2303:
607:
2272:
826:
708:
689:
681:
525:
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456:
2193:
202:. The family has over 90 genera and hundreds of species. The genus
2277:
2216:
1941:
Olson DK, Yoshizawa S, Boeuf D, Iwasaki W, DeLong EF (April 2018).
810:
615:
Flavobacteriia are not photosynthetic, but some marine species use
585:
232:
148:
68:
886:. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer. p. 105.
1796:
1080:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
581:
460:
1726:
830:
395:
was established in 1889. It was first written about in 1923 in
2130:
2264:
1627:
444:
2018:
1165:
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type of respiration, while some species can grow under weak
1573:
1217:
1023:
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1940:
1378:
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1372:
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1687:
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628:
593:
2063:
1623:
1621:
907:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
1469:"Emerging flavobacterial infections in fish: A review"
1347:
1169:
Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria
459:
zones. Flavobacteriia are prominent members of marine
2059:
2057:
1618:
1430:
588:
and tween compounds. Only a few species can degrade
552:
Bacteria from the class Flavobacteriia have diverse
2014:
2012:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1426:
1424:
596:. Many species also play a significant role in the
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
982:McBride M (2014). "The Family Flavobacteriaceae".
825:is high. Meningitis can also cause bacteremia and
2054:
2406:
2101:xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference
2009:
1823:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1834:
1401:
1073:
927:
147:is composed of a single class of environmental
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1722:
1720:
1683:
1681:
1257:
1255:
2094:
2092:
1936:
1934:
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1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1161:
1060:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
397:Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology
2124:
1877:
1837:"Towards a model for Flavobacterium gliding"
1567:
1462:
1460:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
684:species have been isolated as well as a few
619:for energy through the harvesting of light.
504:surrounded by an outer membrane composed of
478:Colony morphology of Flavobacteriia species
155:, which is the largest family in the phylum
1801:. Vol. 17. Elsevier. pp. 79–151.
1752:
1717:
1678:
1252:
627:(UV) damage, and adopt the ability to mend
2089:
1931:
1888:
1466:
1202:
1008:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
930:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
884:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
859:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylatedeaminase
116:Genera not assigned to an order or family
29:
2156:
1974:
1914:
1860:
1799:Current Topics in Membranes and Transport
1661:
1601:
1591:
1492:
1457:
1330:
1320:
1282:
1235:
1138:
1091:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
877:
1835:Shrivastava A, Berg HC (December 2015).
762:
707:
606:
473:
429:
382:
981:
896:
695:
2407:
2068:, Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 820–826,
1540:
1261:
946:
928:Boone DR, Castenholz RW, eds. (2001).
2198:
2197:
2098:
1074:Bernardet JF, Bowman JP (July 2013).
2366:9cf1f899-449b-4a04-9fc4-915e7d1693e4
2103:, New York: Elsevier, pp. 1–4,
196:is the largest family in the phylum
2003:Microbial Physiology and Metabolism
1776:10.1146/annurev.mi.37.100183.001313
890:
13:
1889:McBride MJ, Zhu Y (January 2013).
1441:10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00126-9
840:
718:) in the gill of a chinook salmon.
14:
2431:
2177:
2066:Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology
1746:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.019
1517:"Species Flavobacterium aquatile"
1433:Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology
788:have the capacity to degrade the
2109:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.62958-7
1551:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00018-3
878:Bernardet JF (2010). "Class II.
857:(the key plant hormone IAA) and
848:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
55:
1991:
1841:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1790:
1541:Kaiser D (2009). "Myxococcus".
1534:
1509:
753:
359:Flavobacteriales incertae sedis
1467:Loch TP, Faisal M (May 2015).
1178:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00312
1108:
921:
871:
692:have not yet been identified.
524:Flavobacteriia do not possess
214:species to new genera such as
123:Walczuchella monophlebidarum"
40:Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
1:
1807:10.1016/s0070-2161(08)60309-3
1764:Annual Review of Microbiology
1271:The Open Fish Science Journal
992:10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_130
864:
631:that has been damaged by UV.
547:
488:Flavobacteriia are a type of
469:
365:unclassified Flavobacteriales
1543:Encyclopedia of Microbiology
1473:Journal of Advanced Research
1026:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
821:, and the mortality rate of
729:Flavobacterium psychrophilum
724:bacterial cold water disease
417:in 1944, but was renamed to
7:
1545:(Third ed.): 220–244.
1284:10.2174/1874401X01104010040
181:
10:
2436:
1485:10.1016/j.jare.2014.10.009
799:
644:
425:
378:
2206:
2137:Microbes and Environments
2028:Journal of Animal Science
1967:10.1038/s41396-018-0074-4
1853:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.018
1654:10.1038/s41396-018-0268-9
1593:10.1186/s12866-015-0568-4
1224:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
1004:– via SpringerLink.
715:Flavobacterium columnaris
151:. It contains the family
103:
98:
52:Scientific classification
50:
37:
28:
23:
722:One possible disease is
419:Flavobacterium columnare
406:Flavobacterium columnare
400:the presence of oxygen.
1895:Journal of Bacteriology
1322:10.1186/1297-9716-44-27
1172:(1st ed.). Wiley.
758:
739:Flavobacterium columare
2074:10.1006/rwfm.1999.0660
2005:– via Frontiers.
1388:NCBI taxonomy database
1116:"Flavobacteriia class"
1093:10.1099/ijs.0.053926-0
769:
719:
612:
485:
436:
388:
2149:10.1264/jsme2.ME15144
2040:10.2527/jas.2008-1157
1237:10.1093/femsec/fiy083
897:Euzéby JP, Parte AC.
766:
711:
610:
556:. Flavobacteriia are
477:
433:
386:
1732:. 416–417: 346–353.
986:. pp. 643–676.
855:indole-3-acetic acid
712:Columnaris disease (
696:Environmental impact
542:cytoplasmic membrane
481:Bergeyella zoohelcum
453:phytoplankton blooms
1959:2018ISMEJ..12.1047O
1907:10.1128/JB.01962-12
1738:2013Aquac.416..346Z
1703:2017MarEc..38E2411C
1646:2019ISMEJ..13..316F
1309:Veterinary Research
1086:(Pt 7): 2752–2754.
1038:10.1038/nrmicro3326
823:neonatal meningitis
813:, Empedobacter and
656:protein hydrolysate
506:lipopolysaccharides
313:Ichthyobacteriaceae
165:Flavobacteriia are
1711:10.1111/maec.12411
1262:Barnes ME (2011).
1126:on 1 November 2014
770:
720:
613:
558:chemoorganotrophic
486:
437:
389:
2402:
2401:
2374:Open Tree of Life
2200:Taxon identifiers
2118:978-0-08-055232-3
2083:978-0-12-227070-3
1816:978-0-12-153317-5
1560:978-0-12-373944-5
1450:978-0-12-384733-1
1187:978-1-118-96060-8
1001:978-3-642-38953-5
939:978-0-443-05615-4
602:biomacromolecules
510:colony morphology
447:, as well as the
281:Flavobacteriaceae
265:Crocinitomicaceae
193:Flavobacteriaceae
189:Flavobacteriaceae
153:Flavobacteriaceae
138:
137:
130:
113:
94:
16:Class of bacteria
2427:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2346:
2345:
2333:
2332:
2320:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2195:
2194:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2061:
2052:
2051:
2025:
2016:
2007:
2006:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1953:(4): 1047–1060.
1947:The ISME Journal
1938:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1886:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1832:
1821:
1820:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1634:The ISME Journal
1625:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1580:BMC Microbiology
1571:
1565:
1564:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1428:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1384:"Flavobacteriia"
1380:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1163:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1122:. Archived from
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1071:
1058:
1057:
1021:
1006:
1005:
979:
944:
943:
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
894:
888:
887:
875:
815:Sphingobacterium
807:Chryseobacterium
733:these diseases.
688:, while extreme
257:Flavobacteriales
172:chemoorganotroph
124:
111:
108:Flavobacteriales
92:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2390:
2385:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2315:
2310:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2202:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2062:
2055:
2023:
2017:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1939:
1932:
1887:
1878:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1795:
1791:
1760:
1753:
1725:
1718:
1686:
1679:
1626:
1619:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1429:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1348:
1301:
1292:
1266:
1260:
1253:
1216:
1203:
1188:
1164:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1120:allmicrobes.com
1114:
1113:
1109:
1072:
1061:
1032:(10): 686–698.
1022:
1009:
1002:
984:The Prokaryotes
980:
947:
940:
926:
922:
912:
910:
895:
891:
876:
872:
867:
843:
841:Industrial uses
802:
782:phospholipase C
761:
756:
698:
647:
639:proteorhodopsin
635:Proteorhodopsin
621:Proteorhodopsin
617:proteorhodopsin
550:
538:proton gradient
472:
428:
381:
338:Schleiferiaceae
331:Salibacteraceae
319:Luteibaculaceae
300:Salegentibacter
220:Salegentibacter
184:
91:
54:
24:Flavobacteriia
17:
12:
11:
5:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2360:
2347:
2343:flavobacteriia
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2256:
2243:
2238:Flavobacteriia
2228:
2212:
2210:
2208:Flavobacteriia
2204:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2178:External links
2176:
2173:
2172:
2123:
2117:
2088:
2082:
2053:
2034:(3): 860–867.
2008:
1990:
1930:
1901:(2): 270–278.
1876:
1822:
1815:
1789:
1770:(1): 233–252.
1751:
1716:
1691:Marine Ecology
1677:
1640:(2): 316–333.
1617:
1566:
1559:
1533:
1508:
1479:(3): 283–300.
1456:
1449:
1400:
1346:
1290:
1251:
1201:
1186:
1137:
1107:
1059:
1007:
1000:
945:
938:
920:
901:Flavobacteriia
889:
880:Flavobacteriia
869:
868:
866:
863:
842:
839:
833:, meningitis,
801:
798:
786:phospholipases
760:
757:
755:
752:
748:quorum sensing
736:Additionally,
703:Fish pathogens
697:
694:
678:psychrotrophic
646:
643:
598:mineralization
549:
546:
471:
468:
427:
424:
409:, an agent of
393:Flavobacterium
380:
377:
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
370:
369:
368:
367:
363:Additionally,
361:
355:
347:
341:
333:
327:
325:Parvicellaceae
321:
315:
309:
308:
307:
296:Microbacterium
292:
289:Flavobacterium
276:
273:Cryomorphaceae
268:
249:Flavobacteriia
216:Microbacterium
211:Flavobacterium
205:Flavobacterium
183:
180:
145:Flavobacteriia
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
114:
112:Bernardet 2012
101:
100:
96:
95:
93:Bernardet 2012
89:Flavobacteriia
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2432:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Flavobacteria
2413:
2412:
2410:
2393:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:(2): 104–10.
2142:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:(2): e12411.
1696:
1692:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
941:
935:
931:
924:
908:
904:
902:
893:
885:
881:
874:
870:
862:
860:
856:
851:
849:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
797:
795:
794:triglycerides
791:
790:phospholipids
787:
783:
778:
776:
765:
751:
749:
743:
741:
740:
734:
731:
730:
725:
717:
716:
710:
706:
704:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:psychrophilic
670:
668:
664:
663:nutrient agar
659:
657:
653:
652:yeast extract
642:
640:
636:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:carbohydrates
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
511:
507:
503:
502:peptidoglycan
499:
495:
491:
490:gram-negative
484:on blood agar
483:
482:
476:
467:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
432:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:
401:
398:
394:
385:
366:
362:
360:
356:
354:
353:
352:Weeksellaceae
348:
346:
342:
340:
339:
334:
332:
328:
326:
322:
320:
316:
314:
310:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
290:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
275:
274:
269:
267:
266:
261:
260:
259:
258:
253:
252:
251:
250:
245:
244:
243:
242:
237:
236:
235:
234:
229:
228:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
207:
206:
201:
200:
195:
194:
190:
179:
175:
173:
168:
167:gram-negative
163:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
128:
122:
118:
117:
115:
110:
109:
105:
104:
102:
97:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2420:Bacteroidota
2207:
2189:NamesForLife
2140:
2136:
2126:
2100:
2065:
2031:
2027:
2002:
1993:
1950:
1946:
1898:
1894:
1844:
1840:
1798:
1792:
1767:
1763:
1729:
1694:
1690:
1637:
1633:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1542:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1520:
1511:
1476:
1472:
1432:
1392:. Retrieved
1387:
1312:
1308:
1277:(1): 40–48.
1274:
1270:
1227:
1223:
1168:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1119:
1110:
1083:
1079:
1029:
1025:
983:
929:
923:
911:. Retrieved
900:
892:
883:
879:
873:
852:
844:
835:endocarditis
803:
779:
775:pseudomonads
771:
754:Human impact
744:
737:
735:
727:
721:
713:
699:
686:thermophiles
671:
660:
648:
633:
614:
566:microaerobic
551:
523:
487:
479:
465:
442:
438:
418:
415:Myxobacteria
404:
402:
392:
390:
364:
358:
350:
344:
336:
330:
324:
318:
312:
287:
279:
271:
263:
255:
248:
246:
241:Bacteroidota
239:
231:
209:
203:
199:Bacteroidota
197:
187:
185:
176:
164:
160:
157:Bacteroidota
144:
139:
126:
125:Rosas-Perez
120:
106:
88:
79:Bacteroidota
38:
18:
2299:iNaturalist
2232:Wikispecies
1730:Aquaculture
1435:: 938–942.
625:ultraviolet
578:amino acids
540:across the
530:glass slide
515:carotenoids
494:genome size
449:photic zone
345:Vicingaceae
304:Planococcus
224:Planococcus
2409:Categories
1394:2023-03-07
1130:1 November
865:References
819:meningitis
726:caused by
690:halophiles
682:mesophilic
554:metabolism
548:Metabolism
534:agar plate
519:flexirubin
498:endospores
470:Morphology
411:columnaris
391:The genus
121:Candidatus
45:blood agar
1847:: 93–97.
1526:March 25,
1315:(1): 27.
1196:242820836
827:pneumonia
667:temperate
570:anaerobic
457:upwelling
403:In 1922,
2223:Q5458150
2217:Wikidata
2167:27098502
2048:19028851
1985:29476140
1925:23123910
1871:26476806
1672:30228379
1612:26498445
1503:26257926
1341:23617544
1246:29733333
1102:23825377
1054:26684717
1046:25134618
913:June 29,
811:Myroides
586:tyrosine
582:proteins
526:flagella
461:biofilms
233:Bacteria
182:Taxonomy
149:bacteria
75:Phylum:
69:Bacteria
65:Domain:
2379:7010445
2291:8019474
2184:UniProt
2158:4912144
1976:5864233
1955:Bibcode
1916:3553832
1862:4688146
1784:6357052
1734:Bibcode
1699:Bibcode
1663:6331608
1642:Bibcode
1603:4619314
1586:: 231.
1494:4522593
1332:3648355
800:Disease
768:medium.
645:Culture
562:aerobic
435:67.3ÎĽm.
426:Habitat
379:History
357:Family
349:Family
343:Family
335:Family
329:Family
323:Family
317:Family
311:Family
294:Genera
278:Family
270:Family
262:Family
238:Phylum
230:Domain
99:Orders
85:Class:
2392:575695
2363:NZOR:
2356:117743
2330:956154
2304:152003
2278:1FLAVC
2165:
2155:
2115:
2080:
2046:
1983:
1973:
1923:
1913:
1869:
1859:
1813:
1782:
1670:
1660:
1610:
1600:
1557:
1501:
1491:
1447:
1339:
1329:
1244:
1194:
1184:
1100:
1052:
1044:
998:
936:
909:(LPSN)
831:sepsis
654:and a
302:, and
286:Genus
254:Order
247:Class
222:, and
129:. 2014
2387:WoRMS
2312:IRMNG
2252:8ZXFY
2024:(PDF)
1267:(PDF)
1230:(6).
1192:S2CID
1050:S2CID
672:Many
445:brine
142:class
127:et al
2351:NCBI
2338:LPSN
2325:ITIS
2317:1171
2286:GBIF
2273:EPPO
2265:7844
2163:PMID
2113:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2044:PMID
1981:PMID
1921:PMID
1867:PMID
1811:ISBN
1780:PMID
1668:PMID
1608:PMID
1555:ISBN
1528:2023
1521:LPSN
1499:PMID
1445:ISBN
1337:PMID
1242:PMID
1182:ISBN
1132:2014
1098:PMID
1042:PMID
996:ISBN
934:ISBN
915:2021
759:Food
676:and
592:and
590:urea
580:and
455:and
140:The
2260:EoL
2247:CoL
2153:PMC
2145:doi
2105:doi
2070:doi
2036:doi
1971:PMC
1963:doi
1911:PMC
1903:doi
1899:195
1857:PMC
1849:doi
1803:doi
1772:doi
1742:doi
1707:doi
1658:PMC
1650:doi
1598:PMC
1588:doi
1547:doi
1489:PMC
1481:doi
1437:doi
1327:PMC
1317:doi
1279:doi
1232:doi
1174:doi
1088:doi
1034:doi
988:doi
629:DNA
594:DNA
568:to
532:or
517:or
43:on
2411::
2389::
2376::
2353::
2340::
2327::
2314::
2301::
2288::
2275::
2262::
2249::
2234::
2219::
2161:.
2151:.
2141:31
2139:.
2135:.
2111:,
2091:^
2076:,
2056:^
2042:.
2032:87
2030:.
2026:.
2011:^
2001:.
1979:.
1969:.
1961:.
1951:12
1949:.
1945:.
1933:^
1919:.
1909:.
1897:.
1893:.
1879:^
1865:.
1855:.
1845:28
1843:.
1839:.
1825:^
1809:.
1778:.
1768:37
1766:.
1754:^
1740:.
1719:^
1705:.
1695:38
1693:.
1680:^
1666:.
1656:.
1648:.
1638:13
1636:.
1632:.
1620:^
1606:.
1596:.
1584:15
1582:.
1578:.
1553:.
1519:.
1497:.
1487:.
1475:.
1471:.
1459:^
1443:.
1403:^
1386:.
1349:^
1335:.
1325:.
1313:44
1311:.
1307:.
1293:^
1273:.
1269:.
1254:^
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