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337:. They were shocked to find so many people camping there—as many as 2,500 to 3,500. A notice had been sent out for pickers, but the crops had been destroyed by freezing rain, leaving them without work or pay. Years later, Thompson told an interviewer that when she cooked food for her children that day, other children appeared from the pea pickers' camp asking, "Can I have a bite?"
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one thing she did do." A son, Troy Owens, said that more than 2,000 letters received along with donations for his mother's medical fund led to a re-appraisal of the photo: "For Mama and us, the photo had always been a bit of curse. After all those letters came in, I think it gave us a sense of pride."
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ran the pictures almost immediately and reported that 2,500 to 3,500 migrant workers were starving in Nipomo, California. Within days, the pea-picker camp received 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) of food from the federal government. Thompson and her family had moved on by the time the food arrived, and
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Lange's field notes for the
Resettlement Administration were typically very thorough, but on this particular day she had been rushing to get home after a month on assignment, and the notes she submitted with this batch of negatives do not refer to any of the seven photographs she took of Thompson and
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In a 2008 interview with CNN, one of
Thompson's daughters, Katherine McIntosh, recalled her mother as a "very strong lady", and "the backbone of our family". She said: "We never had a lot, but she always made sure we had something. She didn't eat sometimes, but she made sure us children ate. That's
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reporter Emmett
Corrigan located Thompson at her mobile home in Space 24 of the Modesto Mobile Village and recognized her from the photograph. Thompson was quoted as saying: "I wish she hadn't taken my picture. I can't get a penny out of it. She didn't ask my name. She said she wouldn't sell the
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series. The stamp printing was unusual, as daughters
Katherine McIntosh (on the left in the stamp) and Norma Rydlewski (in Thompson's arms in the stamp) were alive at the time of the printing; usually, the Postal Service does not print stamps of individuals who have not been dead for at least 10
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the "ultimate" photo of the
Depression Era: " never surpassed it. To me, it was the picture ... . The others were marvelous, but that was special ... . She is immortal." As a whole, the photographs taken for the Resettlement Administration "have been widely heralded as the epitome of documentary
282:. Thompson later recalled periods when she picked 400–500 pounds (180–230 kg) of cotton from first daylight until after it was too dark to work. She said: "I worked in hospitals. I tended bar. I cooked. I worked in the fields. I done a little bit of everything to make a living for my kids."
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I did not ask her name or her history. She told me her age, that she was 32. She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding fields and birds that the children killed. She had just sold the tires from her car to buy
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her family. It seems that the published newspaper reports about this camp were later distilled into captions for the series, which explains inaccuracies on the file cards in the
Library of Congress. For example, one of the file cards reads:
1210:. September 17, 1983. Florence Thompson, whose pensive, languid face became a symbol of the Great Depression, died Friday – only weeks after her family issued a national plea for money to help defray her mounting medical .
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While Jim Hill, her partner, and two of
Thompson's sons went into town to get parts to repair the car, Thompson and some of the children set up a temporary camp. As she waited, photographer Dorothea Lange, working for the
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In the same month the U.S. stamp was issued, a print of the photograph with Lange's handwritten notes and signature sold in 1998 for $ 244,500 at
Sotheby's New York. In November 2002, Dorothea Lange's personal print of
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is not typical of Lange's careful method of interacting with her subject. Exhausted after a long road-trip, she did not speak extensively to the migrant woman, or
Thompson herself, and may not have recorded any notes.
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Thompson then worked in the fields and in restaurants to support her six children. In 1933, Thompson had another child, returned to
Oklahoma for a time, and then was joined by her parents as they migrated to
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462:. After the death of Hendrie and his wife, their daughter, Marian Tankersley, rediscovered the photos while emptying her parents' San Jose home. In October 2005, an anonymous buyer paid $ 296,000 at
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Thompson was hospitalized and her family appealed for financial help in late August 1983. By September, the family had collected $ 35,000 in donations to pay for her medical care. Thompson died of "
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that both of her parents were white. While many sources claim Christie abandoned Cobb, he disputed the allegation. Christie served three years in a federal penitentiary in Detroit, Michigan.
254:, on February 14, 1921. They soon had their first daughter, Violet, followed by a second daughter, Viola, and a son, Leroy (Troy). The family migrated west with other Owens relatives to
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Interview with Katherine McIntosh and Norma Rydlewski (Katherine is the baby in the photo and Norma was four years-old when the image was taken); 36 minutes - produced by Blackside for
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278:. There, Thompson met Jim Hill, with whom she had three more children. During the 1930s, the family worked as migrant farm workers following the crops in California and at times into
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and we drove off in them. I don't believe Dorothea Lange was lying; I just think she had one story mixed up with another. Or she was borrowing to fill in what she didn't have.
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was either full blood or one-half. Mary Jane Cobb claimed she was Cherokee on her May 27, 1894, marriage record to Christie, but later testified under oath before the
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Face of hard times has a big payday. Dorothea Lange's famous 'Migrant Mother' Depression photograph, taken in Nipomo, and others collect almost $ 300,000 at auction.
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While the image was being prepared for exhibit in 1938, the negative of the photo was retouched to remove Florence's thumb from the lower-right corner of the image.
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1129:"Photographs 11 October 2005 | 10:15 AM EDT New York | Lot 43: Dorothea Lange 1895-1965 : Selected Resettlement and Farm Security Administration Images"
293:, Thompson met and married hospital administrator George Thompson. This marriage brought her far greater financial security than she had previously enjoyed.
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While Thompson's identity was not known for over 40 years after the photos were taken, the photos became famous. The image which later became known as
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descent. Her father, Jackson Christie, allegedly abandoned her mother, Mary Jane Cobb, before she was born, and her mother married Charles Akman (of
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pictures. She said she'd send me a copy. She never did." Having been funded by the Resettlement Administration, the picture was classed as
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Section: Daily datebook; Page B10. Ruby Sprague, who appears on the right in the stamp, had died of cancer before the stamp appeared.
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Ms. Thompson was not of European descent – as had been commonly assumed – but 'a full-blooded Cherokee Indian' from Oklahoma
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According to Thompson, Lange promised the photos would never be published. Lange, however, sent them to the
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There's no way we sold our tires, because we didn't have any to sell. The only ones we had were on the
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928:"Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two. Nipomo, California"
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439:. However, the picture did help make her a celebrity and earned her "respect from her colleagues."
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titled the image: "Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two.
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Farm Security Administration–Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
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Farm Security Administration–Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
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Farm Security Administration–Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
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Farm Security Administration–Office of War Information Photograph Collection, Library of Congress
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descent) in the spring of 1905. The family lived on a small farm in Indian Territory outside
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Destitute peapickers in California; a 32 year old mother of seven children. February 1936.
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181:; September 1, 1903 – September 16, 1983) was an American woman who was the subject of
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before even sending them to the Resettlement Administration in Washington, D.C. The
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American farm worker, subject of Dorothea Lange's photo 'Migrant Mother' (1903–1983)
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described them as "the most remarkable human documents ever rendered in pictures."
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Florence Owens Thompson was born Florence Leona Christie on September 1, 1903, in
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Thompson's identity was discovered in the late 1970s. In 1978, acting on a tip,
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968:"A true picture of hard times. Photo of poverty sells for a stack of riches"
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758:"Historical Perspectives: 'Migrant Mother' may be Tahlequah's most famous"
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Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, and the Culture of the Great Depression
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Twenty-three years later, Lange wrote of the encounter with Thompson:
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Aged 17, Thompson married Cleo Owens, a farmer's 23-year-old son from
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21:"Florence Thompson" redirects here. For the Manitoba librarian, see
1045:. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 21, No. 1. (Spring, 1986), pp. 1–20. (
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Dorothea Lange captured suffering of itinerant workers near Nipomo.
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321:"where they had hoped to find work in the lettuce fields of the
681:"Unraveling the Mysteries of Dorothea Lange's 'Migrant Mother'"
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and 31 other images from the same series in a dumpster at the
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People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph
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1310:"Girl from iconic Great Depression photo: 'We were ashamed'"
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Article on the photo shoot and reinterpretation of an image
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One defiant family escapes poignant portrait of poverty.
514:, Katherine, Ruby and Norma, in 1979; 43 years after
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for the set—nearly six times their pre-bid estimate.
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784:"Video featuring interview with Florence Thompson"
450:In the late 1960s, Bill Hendrie found unretouched
888:. Vol. 46, no. 2. pp. 42–43, 126.
560:Lange took seven photos that day, the last being
329:snapped and they coasted to a stop just inside a
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1354:Overview of the Migrant Mother series at the LOC
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239:tribal records indicate that Jackson Christie's
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366:Troy Owens, one of Thompson's sons, recounted:
1017:"Famous Pictures Magazine – Depression Mother"
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828:"Florence Owen Thompson: audio from interview"
600:Collection of the Oakland Museum of California
576:Collection of the Oakland Museum of California
1366:Video of interview of Florence Owens Thompson
1286:Famous Works of Art—And How They Got That Way
1267:"Florence Thompson, 'Migrant Mother', Dies".
1206:"Florence Thompson, 'Migrant Mother', Dies",
309:On March 6, 1936, after picking beets in the
1356:, including the original without the retouch
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313:, Thompson and her family were traveling on
1195:Girl in famous Depression-era photo piqued.
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917:. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2019.
397:were working near Watsonville, California.
1414:American people of Cherokee Nation descent
1221:"An Appeal For A Face From The Depression"
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564:. The following are the six other photos:
521:Thompson's children bought her a house in
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1288:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 213.
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760:. Tahlequah Daily Press. April 3, 2016.
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966:Schoettler, Carl (November 12, 2002).
895:from the original on February 26, 2021
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691:from the original on November 15, 2019
1424:Great Depression in the United States
1419:People from Cherokee County, Oklahoma
1316:from the original on December 5, 2008
940:from the original on February 1, 2019
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1252:"Florence Thompson, Symbol of Era".
1155:A mother's strength knows no bounds.
1073:. September 18, 2003. Archived from
1023:from the original on August 20, 2013
764:from the original on August 17, 2021
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435:, so that Lange was not entitled to
1067:"Photo Gallery – Faces of Feminism"
150:Cleo Owens (1921–1931; his death)
13:
1100:Neff, Cynthia. (October 20, 2005)
996:King, Peter H. (October 18, 1998)
877:"The Assignment I'll Never Forget"
679:James Estrin (November 28, 2018).
477:stamp in the 1930s portion of the
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1190:Yi, Matthew. (November 22, 1998)
1179:Stamp honors ERA, not the people.
1174:Garchik, Leah. (October 6, 1998)
656:Prints and Photographs Division.
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1434:People from Oroville, California
1360:Audio of Florence Owens Thompson
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1149:Bennett, Lennie. (May 11, 2008)
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498:Later life, death, and aftermath
469:In 1998, the retouched photo of
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223:. Both of her parents claimed
152:George B. Thompson (1952–1974)
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1165:Section: Latitudes; Page 2L.
875:Dorothea Lange (June 1960).
510:with three of her daughters
460:San Jose Chamber of Commerce
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343:Resettlement Administration
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1254:United Press International
325:." On the road, the car's
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168:10 (6 by Owens, 4 by Hill)
160:Jim Hill (1933–1983)
20:
1312:. CNN. December 3, 2008.
1114:October 13, 2012, at the
1056:). Accessed May 26, 2007.
1005:Section: Vision; Page F1.
858:October 12, 2012, at the
542:Scotts Valley, California
429:a federal government work
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101:Scotts Valley, California
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1197:Section: News; page A11.
112:Lakewood Memorial Park,
1176:San Francisco Chronicle
1052:April 13, 2016, at the
732:Dunn, Geoffrey (2002).
669:Accessed July 14, 2008.
179:Florence Leona Christie
175:Florence Owens Thompson
64:Florence Leona Christie
32:Florence Owens Thompson
972:Daily Press (Virginia)
734:"Photographic license"
664:March 1, 2020, at the
518:
376:
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289:, in 1945. Well after
285:The family settled in
252:Stone County, Missouri
191:(1936), considered an
23:Florence Davy Thompson
1385:– excerpt from a book
1273:. September 17, 1983.
1256:. September 17, 1983.
1160:June 6, 2008, at the
834:on December 18, 2007.
556:Other six photographs
505:
479:Celebrate the Century
368:
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1373:The Great Depression
1151:St. Petersburg Times
1077:on November 17, 2007
256:Oroville, California
131:Agricultural laborer
1439:1930s in California
1284:Nici, John (2015).
933:Library of Congress
885:Popular Photography
816:. January 10, 2017.
654:Library of Congress
546:Hughson, California
523:Modesto, California
492:Christie's New York
475:U.S. Postal Service
287:Modesto, California
272:Shafter, California
201:Library of Congress
114:Hughson, California
1383:as an iconic image
1071:Dorothea-Lange.org
685:The New York Times
519:
464:Sotheby's New York
394:San Francisco News
389:San Francisco News
205:Nipomo, California
93:September 16, 1983
1362:telling her story
1270:Los Angeles Times
1233:. August 24, 1983
1208:Los Angeles Times
1105:(San Luis Obispo)
1041:James C. Curtis.
978:on March 18, 2017
848:(San Luis Obispo)
790:on March 12, 2013
473:became a 32-cent
260:Sacramento Valley
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74:September 1, 1903
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1346:Biography portal
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471:Migrant Mother
456:Migrant Mother
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413:photography."
410:Migrant Mother
402:Migrant Mother
380:Migrant Mother
378:In many ways,
305:Migrant Mother
303:Main article:
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185:'s photograph
183:Dorothea Lange
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335:Nipomo Mesa
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276:Bakersfield
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128:Occupation
70:1903-09-01
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