77:
lines of food causes markets in the areas to have disproportionately higher food prices to match the extra effort needed to restock the markets, and paired with how indigenous people usually lack personal transportation, make food security more difficult to achieve. Indigenous communities living in harder to supply and less developed areas also discourages supermarket companies from opening up stores in these areas and sustaining them. This is an example of supermarket
55:
compete with other entities for funding from the program, nor is there a recurring base fund for tribes. FDPIR is one of 15 nutrition assistance programs administered by USDA's Food and
Nutrition Service, which also works with the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, and the Summer Food Service Program.
668:
89:
program as many indigenous families can not regularly access SNAP offices or grocery stores that accept SNAP benefits. FDPIR was able to provide
American Indians consistent access to foods that helped create more well rounded diets, addressing many food insecurity concerns of indigenous households, emphasizing the need for the program’s continuation.
126:
increase in laws that sometimes ban indigenous folk from hunting, care of livestock, and farming on traditional agricultural lands. Nutriton-related education can help indigenous folk learn about non-traditional foods, a variety of meals they can make out of them, and overall take the most advantages from their monthly food packages.
81:, causing areas that lack accessibility to supermarkets to be correlated with low-income neighborhoods, including indigenous communities and reservations. This leads to only a select few market stores being available for indigenous folk to get their groceries from, causing higher inaccessibility of food. These factors combined create
76:
is the concept of being able to consistently afford and access food to sustain a healthy diet, and one in four Native
Americans report the opposite. Food insecurity is one of the results that living in more rural areas can cause to indigenous folk. Living in rural areas that are far away from direct
71:
In the United States from 2000-2010, twenty-five percent of indigenous folk reported that they consistently face food insecurity. Additionally, American
Indians and Alaskan Natives are the demographic groups that ranked highest in the categories of being “food insecure” and “very low food secure” in
62:
The majority of the foods provided in this program are either frozen or canned, which require substantial food preparation, cooking experience, and education on designing a balanced diet. This program does not provide fresh produce, including vegetables and fruits. For households dependent on FDPIR,
97:
American
Indians who are classified as being low-income and non-Indians who reside on a reservation, and individuals in households living in approved areas near a reservation or in Oklahoma that contain at least one person who is a member of a federally recognized tribe, are eligible to participate
88:
Many reservation officials reported that for many of their
American Indian residents, FDPIR was their primary source of food due to inaccessibility to food markets and also their low incomes making it difficult to budget for nutritional foods. The program has been a valuable alternative to the SNAP
58:
Foods contained in packages include frozen and/or canned meats and poultry, canned and fresh fruits and vegetables, juices, dry cereals, cornmeal, flour, butter, macaroni, cheese, evaporated and UHT lowfat milk, oats, peanuts and peanut butter, cereals, and oils. According to a 2008 USDA FNS report
121:
According to the USDA's evaluation of the FDPIR, half of local FDPIR programs serve fewer than 250 households per month. The average administrative costs per household ranged from $ 614 (small programs) to $ 287 among large programs. Federal regulations do not require local FDPIR programs to offer
54:
100 tribal organizations and 5 State agencies receive funding to administer the FDPIR. This supports approximately 276 tribes in receiving the programs benefits. The approximate number of people served by this program monthly in
Federal Fiscal Year 2014 totaled to 85,400 individuals. Tribes do not
125:
There is a wide range of over 100 food options for Native
Americans to choose for their monthly food disbursements, with some areas of the United States offering traditional indigenous food choices such as bison, wild salmon, wild rice, and blue cornmeal. These options have been valuable with the
112:
Households are certified based on income and non-financial standards determined by the
Federal government, and must be recertified at least every 12 months. Elderly and disabled households may be certified for up to 24 months. Income standards vary by household size and are based on 100% of the
51:. Food Distribution Program Nutrition Education (FDPIR) grants are also awarded to participating FDPIR ITOs. These grants are awarded to support nutrition education activities that are culturally relevant, promoting healthy food choices, and promoting physical activity among participants.
113:
Federal
Poverty Guidelines adjusted by the applicable SNAP standard deduction. Households must be re-certified at least every 12 months, but elderly and disabled households may be certified for up to 24 months. Households may not participate in FDPIR and SNAP in the same month.
129:
The FDPIRs design places a large responsibility on individual participants to create and prepare a nutritious diet from the foods provided. Participants are responsible for selecting their foods, developing cooking skills, and designing meals that constitute a nutritious diet.
59:
on the Health Eating Index of foods provided in FDPIR, "Individuals consuming FDPIR foods in the quantities provided would achieve a HEI-2005 score of 81 out of 100, considerably better than Americans in general (58 out of 100) and SNAP participants (52 out of 100). "
788:
906:
109:), General Assistance, VA (Veterans benefits), Pensions or retirement benefits, Unemployment or Workers Compensation benefits, Child Support or Alimony, Dependent Care Expenses, and/or bank account statements.
47:, administers FDPIR at the Federal level, and is locally operated through ITOs or State agencies(SAs). Eligibility for benefits is similar to the food stamp (SNAP) program, and funds are drawn from food stamp
672:
1069:
781:
774:
714:"Tribal Food Assistance: A Comparison of the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)"
603:
551:
731:
1126:
952:
655:
749:
572:
713:
122:
extensive nutrition education services to program participants. Of those programs evaluated, over 25% reported no nutrition education budget.
268:"Food Insecurity among American Indians and Alaska Natives: A National Profile using the Current Population Survey-Food Security Supplement"
1131:
832:
63:
individual recipients may be susceptible to developing additional health consequences due to the absence of fresh produce in their diet.
1074:
896:
876:
32:
1044:
678:
155:
812:
227:
1004:
978:
106:
498:
323:
1009:
891:
827:
798:
418:
Lin, Biing-Hwan; Fox, Mary Kay; Hamilton, William (December 2004). "13. Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations".
871:
855:
842:
701:
522:
133:
In order for the success of the FDPIR to be accurately measured, additional and extensive research must be conducted.
994:
886:
433:
817:
101:
Applicants may be required to provide documents including but not limited to: pay check stubs, Social Security,
999:
738:
687:
555:
450:
44:
766:
822:
102:
921:
911:
28:
756:
579:
40:
420:
Effects of Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs on Nutrition and Health: Volume 3, Literature Review
1054:
720:
1019:
968:
901:
266:
Jernigan, Valarie Blue Bird; Huyser, Kimberly R.; Valdes, Jimmy; Simonds, Vanessa Watts (2017).
1105:
1079:
1034:
1095:
1029:
347:
231:
916:
750:"Evaluation of the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations Volume I: Final Report"
630:
474:
371:
202:
177:
8:
1100:
850:
245:
48:
163:
1014:
947:
926:
680:
Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition
427:
300:
85:, defined as areas that have limited access to a variety of healthy, affordable foods.
36:
395:
1059:
1024:
305:
287:
1064:
1049:
604:"Harvest Time: Celebrating Native American Heritage and Traditional Foods in FDPIR"
295:
279:
283:
705:
1120:
796:
530:
291:
73:
732:"FDPIR Food Package nutritional quality : Report to Congress - Summary"
267:
309:
881:
82:
1070:
Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers
246:"USDA Awards Grants to Tribal Nations for Nutrition Education Programs"
31:(ITOs) to operate a food distribution program as an alternative to the
656:"The Historical Determinants of Food Insecurity in Native Communities"
324:"Food insecurity in U.S. households varies across race and ethnicity"
78:
973:
1039:
265:
156:"Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR)"
150:
148:
146:
499:"Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservation (FDPIR)"
143:
567:
565:
1025:
Single Family Housing Direct Home Loans (Section 502)
562:
953:Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant
552:"Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations"
451:"Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations"
228:"Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations"
1118:
932:Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
475:"How Hunger Affects Native American Communities"
21:Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations
272:Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition
422:. Vol. 3. USDA Economic Research Service.
417:
782:
653:
799:social welfare programs in the United States
654:Maillacheruvu, Sara Usha (October 4, 2022).
789:
775:
396:"Food Deserts* - Food Empowerment Project"
1127:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
1075:Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program
897:School meal programs in the United States
877:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
676:
658:. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
299:
178:"FDPIR Nutrition Education Grant Program"
1045:Government National Mortgage Association
813:Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
527:Food and Nutrition Service fns.usda.gov
66:
1119:
1005:Child care and development block grant
625:
623:
107:Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
770:
445:
443:
413:
411:
16:Alternative to the Food Stamp Program
1010:HOME Investment Partnerships Program
892:Nutrition Assistance for Puerto Rico
828:Social Security Disability Insurance
261:
259:
1132:United States federal Indian policy
979:Children's Health Insurance Program
872:Commodity Supplemental Food Program
856:Office of Public and Indian Housing
620:
13:
440:
408:
14:
1143:
995:Community Development Block Grant
907:Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
887:Child and Adult Care Food Program
694:
364:
256:
671: This article incorporates
666:
737:. November 2008. Archived from
647:
596:
544:
515:
491:
467:
388:
35:for those living on or near an
1000:Community Services Block Grant
688:Congressional Research Service
340:
316:
238:
220:
195:
170:
92:
72:the nation from 2016 to 2021.
45:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1:
432:: CS1 maint: date and year (
284:10.1080/19320248.2016.1227750
136:
116:
823:Supplemental Security Income
103:Supplemental Security Income
7:
922:Nutrition Assistance Grants
912:Summer Food Service Program
29:Indian Tribal Organizations
10:
1148:
182:Food and Nutrition Service
41:Food and Nutrition Service
1088:
1055:HUD Neighborhood Networks
987:
961:
940:
864:
841:
805:
1020:Mutual self-help housing
902:School Breakfast Program
43:(FNS), an agency of the
702:"FDPIR Home Page (old)"
348:"What is food poverty?"
1035:Urban Partnership Bank
988:Grants & subsidies
833:Unemployment insurance
673:public domain material
1089:State & territory
1030:NeighborWorks America
573:"FDPIREval_Summary_0"
503:commodityfoods.nv.gov
917:Special Milk Program
635:www.firstnations.org
376:www.firstnations.org
207:www.firstnations.org
67:Need for the Program
851:Section 8 (housing)
1015:Housing trust fund
948:Head Start Program
927:Reduced-price meal
352:www.sustainweb.org
37:Indian reservation
33:Food Stamp Program
1114:
1113:
1060:Renewal community
806:Transfer payments
479:moveforhunger.org
1139:
1065:Empowerment zone
1050:FHA insured loan
962:Health Insurance
791:
784:
777:
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755:. Archived from
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719:. Archived from
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455:www.fns.usda.gov
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328:www.ers.usda.gov
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162:. Archived from
160:www.benefits.gov
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105:benefits, TANF (
1147:
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748:
741:
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712:
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697:
683:
677:Jasper Womach.
667:
664:
663:
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648:
639:
637:
631:"FDPIR Toolkit"
629:
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389:
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372:"FDPIR Toolkit"
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203:"FDPIR Toolkit"
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762:on 2016-05-09.
746:
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728:
726:on 2010-02-27.
710:
708:on 2009-07-30.
696:
695:External links
693:
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523:"About FDPIR"
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638:. Retrieved
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611:. Retrieved
608:www.usda.gov
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556:the original
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83:food deserts
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1106:Puerto Rico
278:(1): 1–10.
93:Eligibility
1121:Categories
1096:California
640:2024-07-27
613:2024-07-27
589:2016-05-28
537:2015-09-15
508:2024-06-30
484:2024-07-27
460:2024-07-27
401:2024-07-27
381:2024-07-27
357:2024-07-27
333:2024-07-27
213:2024-06-30
187:18 October
137:References
117:Evaluation
98:in FDPIR.
941:Education
428:cite book
292:1932-0248
79:redlining
27:) allows
1101:New York
1080:Lifeline
974:Medicaid
969:Medicare
310:28491205
250:USDA-FNS
1040:HOPE VI
301:5422031
308:
298:
290:
209:. 2018
39:. The
760:(PDF)
753:(PDF)
742:(PDF)
735:(PDF)
724:(PDF)
717:(PDF)
684:(PDF)
675:from
583:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
25:FDPIR
865:Food
434:link
306:PMID
288:ISSN
189:2022
19:The
882:WIC
296:PMC
280:doi
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