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69:. By mixing different chemicals (distilled water, ammonia, copper sulphate, potassium-chromate and cobalt-sulphate) a standard color scale is produced in a set of numbered vials (1–21). The set of vials is then compared with the color of the water body. The result is a color index for the water body which gives an indication of the transparency of the water and thus helps to classify overall biological activity. The color graduations correspond to open sea and lake water colors, as they appear to an observer ashore or on board a vessel. The method is often used in conjunction with the
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A set of color lighting filters against a white background can also be used as a Forel-Ule scale, called a Modern FU plastic scale. High-quality lighting filters of many colors are combined with one another to create the 21 colors of the traditional Forel-Ule Scale when viewed against a white
93:. The Forel Ule scale was a simple but adequate scale to classify the color of rivers, lakes, seas and oceans. The Forel-Ule scale observations, along with temperature, salinity, bathymetry, and
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In the
Netherlands, a project called the Citizen’s observatory for Coast and Ocean Optical Monitoring (Citclops) project has begun crowdsourcing water color measurements from citizen scientists.
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The color scale of 21 different colors can be created using either a set of liquid vials or a set of color lighting filters in a white frame.
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is a method to estimate the color of bodies of water. The scale provides a visual estimate of the color of a body of water, and it is used in
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The classic Forel-Ule Scale uses a set of liquid vials of multiple colors. Together, the liquid vials represent a standardized color
360:"Classifying Natural Waters with the Forel-Ule Colour Index System: Results, Applications, Correlations and Crowdsourcing"
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A researcher uses a Forel-Ule scale to measure the transparency and color of water in Kyiv and Kaniv reservoirs, Ukraine.
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estimate the color of the water with the Forel-Ule scale using a smartphone app called “Eye on water.”
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and was three years later extended with greenish brown to dark brown colors by the German limnologist
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created by using a set of small transparent glass tubes containing colored water by adding different
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submerged to half the Secchi depth, so that the color can be judged against a white background.
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Garaba, Shungudzemwoyo; Friedrichs, Anna; VoĂź, Daniela; Zielinski, Oliver (18 December 2015).
311:"A Review of Secchi's Contribution to Marine Optics and the Foundation of Secchi Disk Science"
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Method to approximately determine the color of bodies of water using a standard colour scale
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and classifying its biological activity, dissolved substances, and suspended sediments.
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270:"The modern Forel-Ule scale: a 'do-it-yourself' colour comparator for water monitoring"
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Illustration of the Forel-Ule Scale on a pamphlet titled “Colors of the Sea” in Dutch.
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218:"Spectral analysis of the Forel-Ule ocean colour comparator scale"
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International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Novoa, S.; Wernand, M. R.; Woerd, H. J. van der (21 July 2014).
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Journal of the
European Optical Society: Rapid Publications
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Journal of the
European Optical Society: Rapid Publications
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Wernand, M. R.; Woerd, H. J. van der (27 April 2010).
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309:Pitarch, Jaime (1 September 2020).
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321:(3). The Oceanography Society.
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370:(12). MDPI AG: 16096–16109.
280:. European Optical Society.
228:. European Optical Society.
85:The method was developed by
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443:"Water colour - Education"
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418:"Measuring water colour"
328:10.5670/oceanog.2020.301
243:10.2971/jeos.2010.10014s
377:10.3390/ijerph121215044
287:10.2971/jeos.2014.14025
101:Role in citizen science
87:François-Alphonse Forel
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155:Earth sciences portal
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173:Munsell color system
234:2010JEOS....5E0014W
141:Environment portal
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450:. Retrieved
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188:Secchi disk
183:Pt/Co scale
178:Ocean color
91:Wilhelm Ule
71:Secchi disk
479:Categories
199:References
65:of stable
452:6 January
427:6 January
386:1660-4601
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337:1042-8275
296:1990-2573
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41:limnology
422:Citclops
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113:See also
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230:Bibcode
81:History
59:palette
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495:Color
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