755:, who had worked for 18 years at USAMRIID, had been told about the impending prosecution. The FBI's identification of Ivins in August 2008 as the Anthrax Attack perpetrator remains controversial and several independent government investigations which will address his culpability are ongoing. Although the anthrax preparations used in the attacks were of different grades, all of the material derived from the same bacterial strain. Known as the Ames strain, it was first researched at USAMRIID. The Ames strain was subsequently distributed to at least fifteen bio-research labs within the U.S. and six locations overseas.
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461:, the focal point of U.S. chemical warfare research. Buildings and other facilities left from the old airfield – including the large hangar – provided the nucleus of support needed for the startup. The 92 acres (37 ha) of Detrick Field were also surrounded by extensive farmlands that could be procured if and when the BW effort was expanded.
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drugs. Building 470 was torn down in 2003 without any adverse effects on the demolition workers or the environment. The facility acquired the nickname "Fort Doom" while offensive biological warfare research was undertaken there. 5,000 bombs containing anthrax spores were produced at the base during World War II.
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and a cancer investigation in
Frederick County by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Frederick County Health Department. The report found neither study could show whether people were harmed by contaminated groundwater from Area B. It is unlikely that additional studies could
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assay showed antibodies to Ebola virus. Thereafter, a team from USAMRIID euthanized the surviving monkeys, bringing the carcasses to Ft. Detrick for study by the veterinary pathologists and virologists, and eventual disposal under safe conditions. The
Philippines and the United States had no previous
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woodland and terraced garden. This property was sold in 1929 to Robert Bright who used it as a summerhouse until 1943. Three years later, the U.S. government bought it and it was used as the Fort
Detrick post commander's residence until it too was demolished in 1977. Today, only retaining walls and
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In May 2014, a developer who had bought 92 acres near the Center for
Biological Research sued the U.S. Army for negligence in its chemical disposal practices, which led to levels of TCE of up to 42 times the federal maximum contaminant level. A U.S. attorney representing Fort Detrick argued in July
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Camp
Detrick was designated a permanent installation for peacetime biological research and development shortly after World War II, but that status was not confirmed until 1956, when the post became Fort Detrick. Its mandate was to continue its previous mission of biomedical research and its role as
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Five farms originally constituted what is today known as "Area A" with 800 acres (320 ha), or the main post area of Fort
Detrick, where most installation activities are located. "Area B" – known as "The Farm" and consisting of nearly 400 acres (160 ha) – was purchased in 1946 to provide a
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Tower". Building 470 was a pilot plant for testing optimal fermentor and bacterial purification technologies. The information gained in this pilot plant shaped the fermentor technology that was ultimately used by the pharmaceutical industry to revolutionize the production of antibiotics and other
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In
September 1946, an additional 147 acres were purchased to increase the size of the original Area A location. At the same time 398 acres located west of Area A, but not contiguous to this area, were purchased to provide a test area. This parcel was located west of Rosemont Avenue, then Yellow
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The Army purchased an additional 147 acres (59 ha) in 1946 to increase the size of the original "Area A" as well as 398 acres (161 ha) located west of Area A, but not contiguous to it, to provide a test area known as Area B. In 1952, another 502.76 acres (203.5 ha) were purchased
457:, professor of bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin. Baldwin became the first scientific director of the labs. He chose Detrick Field for the site of this exhaustive research effort because of its balance between remoteness of location and proximity to Washington, D.C. – as well as to
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campaign when they made these allegations, since the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
Secretary of Defense had approved their use in the fall of 1950 at the "earliest practicable time". At that time, it had five biowarfare agents ready for use, three of which were spread by insect vectors.
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scientists after the war who had experimented on human subjects among POWs and concentration camp inmates. Scientists used or attempted to use a wide variety of insects in their biowar plans, including fleas, ticks, ants, lice and mosquitoes – especially mosquitoes that carried the
903:(USAMRIID) BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratories at Ft Detrick in June 2019, six violations including two breaches of containment were identified. The inspection was followed up by a letter of concern from the CDC on July 12, 2019 and then a cease and desist order on July 15, 2019.
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The U.S. General
Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other national security agencies studied hundreds of thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances.
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for developing the Atomic Bomb". Three months after the start of construction, an additional $ 3 million was provided for five additional laboratories and a pilot plant. Lt. Col. Bacon was authorized 85 officers, 373 enlisted personnel, and 80 enlisted
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just to the north at the base of the hill. The
Academy moved to New York in 1903 and the Villa was subsequently demolished. Dr. Rudolph Rau, a Frederick surgeon, bought the land in 1911 and constructed an imposing white mansion with
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After the Army denied claims of health problems in 106 Frederick families and individuals in February 2015, the residents filed a class action lawsuit, seeking $ 750 million for wrongful death and pain and suffering in August 2015.
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with four so-called "source areas": chemical waste disposal pits, a landfill, the Area B-Grid and the Area B-20 South burn area. There are 30 additional possible areas. Groundwater has been known to be contaminated with
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As he ended the offensive biological research done at Fort Detrick, Nixon pledged to make former laboratories and land available by the disestablishment of the offensive biological warfare program transferred to the
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in the United States. Since that time any research done at Fort Detrick has been purely defensive in nature, focusing on diagnostics, preventives and treatments for BW infections. This research is undertaken by the
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headquarters. Thereafter, the base ceased to be an aviation center. The airfields buildings, runway and tarmac have all disappeared which ran along today's Hamilton Street from Beasley Drive to about Neiman Street.
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Following the cease and desist order from the CDC the USAMRIID laboratories at the base were shut down in August 2019. The announcement to resume operations on a "limited scale" was made on November 25, 2019.
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2014 that nonexistent EPA regulation at the time is an exception to the Federal Tort Claims Act and "protects the Army's waste disposal practices". The $ 37 million lawsuit was dismissed in January 2015.
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as the reason for not informing the public about its decision. The two breaches reported to the CDC by USAMRIID staff demonstrated failures of biosafety level 3 and 4 protocols in the Army laboratory to
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On 9 March 1943, the government purchased 154 acres (62 ha) encompassing the original 92 acres (37 ha) and re-christened the facility "Camp Detrick". The same year saw the establishment of the
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After approximately eight months of closure and restrictions, the USAMRIID BSL-4 lab had been authorized to resume full operational status by April 2020, to the applause of Maryland lawmakers including
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Springs Pike, bordering Montevue Lane on the south, near the old Alms House, north by Kemp Lane and Rocky Springs Road and the Krantz family property along today's Shookstown Road. It was named Area B.
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Jeffrey Alan Lockwood wrote in 2009 that the biological warfare program at Ft. Detrick began to research the use of insects as disease vectors going back to World War II and also employed German and
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Each branch of the U.S. military is represented among Fort Detrick's 7,800 military, federal and contractor employees. Four cabinet-level agencies are represented by activities on the garrison: The
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virus. They also tested these in the United States. Lockwood thinks that it is very likely that the U.S. did use insects dropped from aircraft during the Korean War to spread diseases, and that the
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scientists and engineers in a variety of fields such as aircraft design, missile technology and biological warfare. Among the specialists in the latter field who ended up working in the U.S. were
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has released a report on some of the findings in relation to the spillage of waste. The public Fort Detrick website provided a copy of the archive from the meeting of an environmental committee.
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test area west of Rosemont Avenue, then called Yellow Springs Pike. In addition, the post's water and waste water treatment plants comprise about 16 acres (6.5 ha) on the banks of the
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As of 2008 about 7,900 people worked at Fort Detrick. The base has been the largest employer in Frederick County and contributed more than $ 500 million into the local economy annually.
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The most recent land acquisition for the fort was a parcel of less than 3 acres (1.2 ha) along the Rosemont Avenue fence in 1962, completing the present 1,200 acres (490 ha).
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In 1952, the Army purchased over 500 acres (200 ha) more of land located between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
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Lieutenant Colonel William S. Bacon, the first commander, and his successor, Colonel Martin B. Chittick, oversaw the renovation and construction first estimated to cost $ 1.25 million.
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list of the most polluted places in the country. On 9 April 2009, "Fort Detrick Area B Ground Water" was added to the list which currently includes 18 other sites within Maryland.
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Fort Detrick traces its roots to a small municipal airport established at Frederick, Maryland, in 1929. It was operated by a single person and the field was one of a string of
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1876:"A Terrible Mistake:The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments" – by H. P. Albareeli Jr 2009 publisher by Trine Day LLC accessed August 14, 2010 at
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As of the early 2010s, Fort Detrick's 1,200-acre (490 ha) campus supports a multi-governmental community that conducts biomedical research and development, medical
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371:. All aircraft and pilots in the 104th and the cadet program were reassigned after the Declaration of War to conduct antisubmarine patrols off the Atlantic Coast. The
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In August 2019, its deadly germ research operations were shut down following serious safety violations, in particular relating to the disposal of dangerous materials.
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Fort Detrick Area B is a 399-acre proving ground and was a disposal area for chemical, biological, and radiological material until 1970. In 2009, it was listed as a
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In 1952, the Army purchased 502.76 acres of land located between West 7th Street and Opossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
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some flagstone paths remain, but photos of both the Novitiate Academy building and Dr. Rau's mansion can be seen as part of interpretive signage at the site.
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cases of Ebola infection, and upon further study researchers concluded it was another strain of Ebola, or a new filovirus of Asian origin, which they named
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management, global medical communications and the study of foreign plant pathogens. The lab is known to research pathogens such as Ebola and smallpox.
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published a report after reviewing two investigations of potential health hazards at Fort Detrick: a 2009 public health assessment conducted by the
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A rocky knoll overlooking Frederick, and located near the Old Farm Gate (northwest gate) of Fort Detrick, was the site of historic structures. The
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was given responsibility and oversight for the effort that one officer described as "cloaked in the deepest wartime secrecy, matched only by … the
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In 1943, the government purchased 154 acres encompassing the original 90 acres and established Camp Detrick, perpetuating the name, Detrick Field.
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prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons. Nixon assured Fort Detrick its research would continue. On November 25, 1969, Nixon made
477:(WAAC) members under two WAAC officers. At its peak strength in 1945, Camp Detrick had 240 officers and 1,530 enlisted personnel including WACs.
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airfield replaced the grass field in 1939, and an upgraded Detrick Field served as a Cadet Pilot Training Center until the country's entry into
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provided "8,000 slides of tissue from human and animal dissections" from the experiments, which were reportedly stored at Fort Detrick.
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was reconstituted at Detrick Field between March and September 1942, when it deployed to England to become the nucleus of the new
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Staff Report prepared for the committee on veterans' affairs December 8, 1994 John D. Rockefeller IV, West Virginia, Chairman at
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The elaborate security precautions taken at Camp Detrick were so effective that it was not until January 1946, four months after
336:. The first military presence there was the encampment, on 10 August 1931 (two months after the Major's death), of his unit: the
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establish a link, because no data on early exposures were collected and data cannot be obtained or reliably estimated now.
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monkeys imported from the Philippines. The company's veterinary pathologist sent tissue samples from dead animals to the
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2205:"Kristen Renee Foundation leaders, local residents sue Fort Detrick for wrongful death and pain and suffering"
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formations. No "Records of Decision" about how each site will be remediated have been signed by EPA and Army.
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The following units and organizations (military and otherwise) are located on the Fort Detrick installation:
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between West 7th Street and Oppossumtown Pike to expand the permanent research and development facilities.
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urging the WHO to investigate Fort Detrick for COVID origins reportedly amassed 25 million signatures.
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721:'s death and the experiments conducted at Fort Detrick. The book is based on documents released under
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2153:"Review of Studies of Possible Toxic Effects from Past Environmental Contamination at Fork Detrick"
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Peter Knight, Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, Volume One. ABC-CLIO, 2003.
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during the 1970s and later. The Frederick National Cancer Research and Development Center (now the
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from 1943 to 1969. Since the discontinuation of that program, it has hosted most elements of the
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Denise Grady (Aug. 5, 2019) Deadly Germ Research Is Shut Down at Army Lab Over Safety Concerns
2040:"As U.S. calls for focus on covid origins, China repeats speculation about U.S. military base"
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Two workers at the base died from exposure to anthrax in the 1950s. Another died in 1964 from
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917:"implement and maintain containment procedures sufficient to contain select agents or toxins"
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1514:"Army germ lab shut down by CDC in 2019 had several 'serious' protocol violations that year"
747:). In July 2008, a top U.S. biodefense researcher at USAMRIID committed suicide just as the
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the world's leading research campus for biological agents requiring specialty containment.
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Jeffrey Alan Lockwood, Six Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War. Oxford, 2009.
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Many experiments that tested various biological agents on human subjects, referred to as
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A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiments
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2005:
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claimed that Fort Detrick was the site where the United States government "invented"
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1399:"US army's weapons lab shut down after inspection finds deadly viruses could escape"
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USAMRIID had been the principal consultant to the FBI on scientific aspects of the
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2292:"Fort Detrick laboratory restored to full operations after being shut down by CDC"
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1788:"Cutting Edge, The History of Fort Detrick, Chapter 3 Building an Installation"
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1578:"Cutting Edge, The History of Fort Detrick, Chapter 3 Building an Installation"
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In addition, the following sites on the installation are of historic interest:
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1916:"German scientist couple presses theory that AIDS was created at Fort Detrick"
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and numerous other documents and interviews to the police and investigators.
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During World War II, Camp Detrick and the USBWL became the site of intensive
2265:"CDC Inspection Findings Reveal More about Fort Detrick Research Suspension"
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2317:"Maryland lawmakers applaud CDC's decision to reopen Fort Detrick facility"
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2124:"Developers file $ 37 million federal suit over Fort Detrick contamination"
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was transferred to the command of Fort Detrick in 2008 as a result of the
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that the public learned of the war-time research in biological weapons.
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1599:"Cutting Edge, The History of Fort Detrick, Chapter 4 Birth of Science"
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)
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to obtain more information about the dangers of the biological tests,
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1097:(NCMI), formerly the Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center (AFMIC)
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449:. This research was originally overseen by pharmaceuticals executive
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1481:"Deadly Germ Research Is Shut Down at Army Lab Over Safety Concerns"
1452:"National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (NICBR)"
932:"it is a relief to have USAMRIID fully operational with the current
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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
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suffered a mysterious outbreak of fatal illness among a shipment of
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
1895:"Son probes strange death of WMD worker" – Scott Shane writing for
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was about to lay charges relating to the incidents. The scientist,
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1564:"Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: Maryland: Frederick area"
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https://mrdc.amedd.army.mil/assets/docs/media/USAMRDC-Handbook.pdf
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U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM)
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Lab is shut down for lack of systems to decontaminate wastewater
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691:(USAMRIID) at Fort Detrick, where a laboratory test known as an
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In 1990, Hazelton Research Products' Reston Quarantine Unit in
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2230:"Fort Detrick Restoration Advisory Board - US Army Garrisons"
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virus in a monkey imported to the area from the Philippines.
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and its successors, the U.S. government recruited over 1,600
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United States Army Medical Research Unit- Europe (USAMRU-E)
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Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS)
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
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U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
2021:"China revives conspiracy theory of US army link to Covid"
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Fort Detrick has three sites (and four structures) on the
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In addition, Fort Detrick is the support facility for the
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were given immunity from prosecution. In return, director
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National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
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U.S. Army Medical Information Technology Center (USAMITC)
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1620:"A History of Fort Detrick, Maryland", 4th Edition: 2000.
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National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
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Testing performed on Seventh-day Adventists (1940–1974)
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National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
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Buildings and structures in Frederick County, Maryland
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Davis, Aaron, Michael E. Ruane and Nelson Hernandez, "
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at Fort Detrick. This allegation has been promoted by
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After the defeat of Japan, the researchers working at
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Joint Medical Logistics Functional Development Center
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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
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1941:"Anthrax scientist commits suicide as FBI closes in"
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Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center
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Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center
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195:
189:
1995:
1993:
1901:(September 12, 2004), accessed January 20, 2009 at
1427:"Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research"
1363:
Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War
711:In 2009, author H. P. Albarelli published the book
641:
a statement outlawing offensive biological research
240:
U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
186:
3518:U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research
1845:
1704:
1044:U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research
997:U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
397:(USBWL), responsible for pioneering research into
2476:Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
2121:
1639:Science and Technology at Fort Detrick, 1943–1968
1433:. National Cancer Institute, NIH, HHS. 2012-01-31
1431:Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
1190:Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
1163:U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command
941:
728:In the 1980s and 1990s, KGB disinformation agent
662:Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
256:Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
4485:
3544:U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K)
1990:
1843:
1539:"Fort Detrick Named for Maryland Flight Surgeon"
862:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
648:(USAMRIID) which transitioned from the previous
252:National Cancer Institute (NCI) Frederick Campus
3600:Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care
3569:List of former United States Army medical units
3549:Makerere University Walter Reed Project (MUWRP)
2202:
2173:
2001:Variety Of Research Carried Out At Fort Detrick
1145:Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care
1015:U.S. Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity
1009:U.S. Army Medical Materiel Development Activity
674:
631:On Veterans Day, November 11, 1969, President
3508:U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR)
3493:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
2155:. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press
2018:
1536:
1454:. Detrick.army.mil. 2012-05-31. Archived from
1370:, the East Coast Relay station at Fort Detrick
824:
614:
4152:
3631:
2631:U.S. Army Medical Research & Materiel Cmd
1421:
1419:
238:Fort Detrick US Army facility is home to the
16:Military base and biological laboratory in US
2038:Ang, Katerina; Taylor, Adam (May 28, 2021).
1177:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
956:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
702:(REBOV) after the location of the incident.
2394:National Cancer Institute-Frederick website
1719:Lab And Community Make For Uneasy Neighbors
658:U.S Department of Health and Human Services
619:
491:
4549:Military installations established in 1931
4159:
4145:
3638:
3624:
1416:
1322:Human experimentation in the United States
1202:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
1108:4th Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion
976:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
897:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
300:
2471:Surgeon General of the United States Army
2037:
1273:of Frederick built an impressive estate,
1226:
891:2019 closure and resumption of operations
395:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
387:
4544:United States biological weapons program
4534:United States Army medical installations
3647:United States biological weapons program
2198:
2196:
1821:"History :: U.S. Army Fort Detrick"
1095:National Center for Medical Intelligence
871:
707:United States biological defense program
667:In 1989 base researchers identified the
437:United States biological weapons program
280:Fort Detrick is the largest employer in
272:National Center for Medical Intelligence
226:United States biological defense program
2066:"Florida Sees Worst of Pandemic So Far"
1913:
1837:
1637:Clendenin, Lt. Col. Richard M. (1968),
1511:
1139:Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board
1103:(CBMS), Joint Project Management Office
1071:6th Medical Logistics Management Center
858:United States National Research Council
762:said it planned to add the base to the
43:Sign at one of the installation's gates
4486:
3415:National Museum of Health and Medicine
2146:
2144:
2088:
2086:
1165:, Fort Detrick Engineering Directorate
431:World War II and BW research (1943–45)
264:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
4140:
3619:
3394:U.S. Army School of Aviation Medicine
2441:
2259:
2257:
2193:
2117:
2115:
2063:
1815:
1813:
1478:
1252:Nallin Farm Springhouse and Bank Barn
220:. Fort Detrick was the center of the
3441:Walter Reed Tropical Medicine Course
2289:
2167:
1665:
1474:
1472:
1233:National Register of Historic Places
1214:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
1208:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
948:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
789:conspiracy theory regarding COVID-19
635:asked the Senate to ratify the 1925
453:and for many years was conducted by
98:
62:
4461:
3465:War Surgery in Afghanistan and Iraq
3121:10th Field Hospital (United States)
2141:
2083:
1852:. New York: Random House. pp.
1186:campus at Frederick (NCI Frederick)
1101:Chemical Biological Medical Systems
13:
4437:Warfield Air National Guard Base (
4096:Korean War bio-warfare allegations
2444:United States Army Medical Command
2267:. 27 November 2019. Archived from
2254:
2203:Sylvia Carignan (20 August 2015).
2151:National Research Council (2012).
2112:
2019:Helen Davidson (20 January 2021).
1943:. Associated Press. Archived from
1810:
1541:. 175wg.ang.af.mil. Archived from
1120:Defense Contract Management Agency
1083:Air Force Medical Logistics Office
513:There was a building on the base,
214:United States Army Futures Command
14:
4560:
4091:Soviet biological weapons program
4055:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
3990:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
3574:United States Army Hospital Corps
3479:Research Institutes & Centers
2375:
2174:Sylvia Carignan (1 August 2014).
2122:Matthew Hay Brown (10 May 2014).
2094:"Fort Detrick Area B Groundwater"
1971:. 2010. p. 6. Archived from
1469:
1337:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
1003:U.S. Army Medical Materiel Agency
652:(USAMU) and was renamed in 1969.
346:de Havilland observation biplanes
4331:Naval Recreation Center Solomons
4251:
4168:
2641:U.S. Army Warrior Transition Cmd
2484:
2381:
1914:Johnson, I. (21 February 1992).
1089:Air Force Medical Support Agency
182:
141:
111:Fort Detrick (the United States)
97:
90:
61:
54:
37:
4499:1931 establishments in Maryland
4111:U.S. biological defense program
4106:U.S. biological weapons program
2347:
2335:
2309:
2283:
2222:
2057:
2031:
2012:
1958:
1933:
1907:
1889:
1870:
1801:
1780:
1758:
1739:
1730:
1692:
1659:
1647:
1631:
1612:
1591:
1368:STARCOM (communications system)
1151:Naval Medical Logistics Command
968:Naval Medical Logistics Command
771:Walter Reed Army Medical Center
760:Environmental Protection Agency
581:were recruited for the studies.
369:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
222:U.S. biological weapons program
3590:Walter Reed Health Care System
2235:. 16 June 2014. Archived from
1966:"Fort Detrick 2010 Post Guide"
1643:Technical Information Division
1570:
1556:
1530:
1505:
1444:
1391:
1380:
1196:U.S. Department of Agriculture
1157:Technology Applications Office
1078:53rd Signal Battalion (SATCON)
982:(NIAID), as well as USAMRIID.
952:U.S. Department of Agriculture
942:Tenant units and organizations
250:(USAMRIID). It also hosts the
1:
4504:Biological warfare facilities
4045:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
3458:Textbook of Military Medicine
2760:Medical Department Activities
2064:Levin, Dan (25 August 2021).
1512:DiGangi, Diana (2020-01-22).
1374:
1290:, also included an extensive
845:(TCE) since 1992, as well as
769:The Forest Glen Annex of the
606:were not simply engaged in a
114:Show map of the United States
2357:. 2006-04-29. Archived from
1479:Grady, Denise (2019-08-05).
1261:, the "Eight Ball" (1947–48)
1046:(USACEHR; currently part of
895:During an inspection by the
791:arose that alleged that the
779:Base Realignment and Closure
675:Post-Cold War (1990–present)
475:Women's Army Auxiliary Corps
445:(BW) research using various
328:who served in France during
75:Location of Fort Detrick in
7:
4529:Superfund sites in Maryland
4040:Horn Island Testing Station
2636:U.S. Army Public Health Cmd
2455:Category:United States Army
1305:
1171:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
912:“national security reasons”
825:Environmental contamination
805:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
795:virus was developed by the
615:Fort Detrick (1956–present)
332:and died in June 1931 of a
10:
4565:
2564:Major Subordinate Commands
2482:
2321:Homeland Preparedness News
1666:Dahl, Tracy (1983-05-26).
1618:Covert, Norman M. (2000),
991:U.S. Department of Defense
960:U.S. Department of Defense
885:Restoration Advisory Board
840:volatile organic compounds
704:
561:The quote from the study:
517:, locally referred to as "
434:
338:104th Observation Squadron
287:
282:Frederick County, Maryland
4452:
4428:
4419:
4399:
4371:
4355:
4339:
4319:
4303:
4294:
4269:
4260:
4249:
4231:
4215:
4194:
4185:
4121:War Bureau of Consultants
4068:
4035:Granite Peak Installation
3982:
3906:
3825:
3709:
3653:
3582:
3561:
3526:
3485:
3478:
3449:
3428:
3407:
3389:AMEDD Center & School
3379:
3372:
3239:
3105:
3012:
2991:
2965:
2956:
2856:
2768:
2759:
2739:
2688:
2679:
2653:
2621:AMEDD Center & School
2613:
2570:
2563:
2551:Enlisted medical soldiers
2543:
2502:
2493:
2463:
2450:
1844:Preston, Richard (1994).
1727:, August 2, 2008, Pg. 10.
1184:National Cancer Institute
964:National Cancer Institute
167:
159:
154:
136:
131:
123:
48:
36:
26:
21:
4539:United States Army posts
4524:Military Superfund sites
3107:Combat Support Hospitals
2535:Medical Specialist Corps
2209:Frederick News-Post (MD)
1259:One Million Liter Sphere
835:National Priorities List
803:officials, most notably
620:Cold War years (1956–89)
525:From 1945 to 1955 under
492:Post-war years (1946–55)
466:Chemical Warfare Service
373:2nd Bombardment Squadron
216:installation located in
3595:Military Vaccine Agency
2495:Army Medical Department
2296:The Frederick News-Post
2180:The Frederick News Post
1668:"Japan's Germ Warriors"
813:Chinese Communist Party
775:Silver Spring, Maryland
579:conscientious objectors
413:. The first commander,
342:Maryland National Guard
301:Detrick Field (1931–43)
4175:Military installations
3907:Operations and testing
3878:Flettner rotor bomblet
3436:Captains Career Course
3241:Forward Surgical Teams
2386:Quotations related to
2098:Mid-Atlantic Superfund
1883:July 12, 2014, at the
1354:, veteran bioweaponeer
1352:William C. Patrick III
1227:On post historic sites
1066:302nd Signal Battalion
1056:114th Signal Battalion
876:
650:U.S. Army Medical Unit
583:
575:Seventh-day Adventists
388:Camp Detrick (1943–56)
350:Curtiss JN-4 "Jennies"
340:of the 29th Division,
4086:Entomological warfare
4015:Dugway Proving Ground
3949:Operation Magic Sword
3929:Operation Dark Winter
2530:Medical Service Corps
2100:. EPA. 7 January 2015
1115:Marine Forces Reserve
875:
705:Further information:
563:
420:, and his successor,
407:gaseous sterilization
344:. The Squadron flew
127:Military installation
4439:Martin State Airport
4126:War Research Service
4116:U.S. bio-weapons ban
3853:E48 particulate bomb
3156:115th Field Hospital
2879:DiLorenzo TRICARE HC
2626:U.S. Army Dental Cmd
2355:"Standard Main Page"
1878:aterriblemistake.com
1537:Capt. Wayde Minami.
1275:Saint Joseph's Villa
1127:301st Signal Company
741:2001 Anthrax Attacks
326:Frederick L. Detrick
242:(USAMRDC), with its
81:Show map of Maryland
4519:Frederick, Maryland
4060:Vigo Ordnance Plant
4010:Deseret Test Center
3964:Operation Whitecoat
3959:Operation Polka Dot
3939:Operation Drop Kick
3914:Operation Sea-Spray
3109:and Field Hospitals
2958:Field medical units
2424:39.4356°N 77.4272°W
2420: /
2290:Mongilio, Heather.
2044:The Washington Post
1332:Operation Paperclip
1312:Deseret Test Center
1112:4th Marine Division
1061:21st Signal Brigade
883:The installation's
753:Bruce Edwards Ivins
685:crab-eating macaque
567:Operation Whitecoat
377:U.S. Army Air Corps
258:and is home to the
218:Frederick, Maryland
29:Frederick, Maryland
4304:Naval Air Facility
4081:Biological warfare
4050:Pine Bluff Arsenal
3924:Operation Big Itch
3919:Operation Big Buzz
3681:Enterotoxin type B
2580:North Atlantic RMC
2399:2012-10-16 at the
2242:on 24 January 2017
2070:The New York Times
1978:on 10 October 2011
1752:2006-08-13 at the
1698:Clendenin (1968),
1625:2012-01-21 at the
1485:The New York Times
1279:Restoration Spring
1129:(Cable & Wire)
1036:2022-03-08 at the
877:
801:Chinese government
797:United States Army
508:viral encephalitis
443:biological warfare
425:Martin B. Chittick
411:agent purification
149:United States Army
137:Controlled by
4514:Forts in Maryland
4481:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4448:
4447:
4415:
4414:
4320:Naval Air Station
4290:
4289:
4247:
4246:
4134:
4133:
3954:Operation May Day
3838:E133 cluster bomb
3710:Researched agents
3654:Weaponized agents
3613:
3612:
3557:
3556:
3474:
3473:
3368:
3367:
2952:
2951:
2904:Heidelberg MEDDAC
2755:
2754:
2670:Forest Glen Annex
2649:
2648:
2559:
2558:
2429:39.4356; -77.4272
2009:, August 2, 2008.
2006:The Baltimore Sun
1947:on August 5, 2008
1920:The Baltimore Sun
1898:The Baltimore Sun
1271:Novitiate Academy
1241:Nallin Farm House
847:tetrachloroethene
843:trichloroethylene
758:In June 2008 the
699:Reston ebolavirus
527:Project Paperclip
470:Manhattan Project
175:
174:
4556:
4459:
4458:
4426:
4425:
4301:
4300:
4267:
4266:
4255:
4192:
4191:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4076:Biological agent
3898:M33 cluster bomb
3873:E96 cluster bomb
3868:E86 cluster bomb
3863:E77 balloon bomb
3640:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3483:
3482:
3399:Borden Institute
3377:
3376:
3014:Medical Brigades
2966:Medical Commands
2963:
2962:
2766:
2765:
2686:
2685:
2661:Fort Sam Houston
2590:Great Plains RMC
2568:
2567:
2525:Veterinary Corps
2500:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2385:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2016:
2010:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1893:
1887:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1851:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1817:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1790:. Archived from
1784:
1778:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1635:
1629:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1601:. Archived from
1595:
1589:
1588:
1580:. Archived from
1574:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1476:
1467:
1466:
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1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1384:
1284:colossal columns
1122:, DCMA Baltimore
681:Reston, Virginia
633:Richard M. Nixon
577:(SDAs) who were
539:Walter Schreiber
459:Edgewood Arsenal
418:William S. Bacon
381:Eighth Air Force
318:Washington, D.C.
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
147:
145:
144:
132:Site information
115:
101:
100:
94:
82:
65:
64:
58:
41:
32:
19:
18:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4473:
4444:
4411:
4395:
4367:
4351:
4340:Service Academy
4335:
4315:
4286:
4256:
4243:
4227:
4216:Proving Grounds
4211:
4181:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4135:
4130:
4064:
3978:
3974:Project Bacchus
3902:
3821:
3705:
3701:Wheat stem rust
3649:
3644:
3614:
3609:
3578:
3553:
3522:
3470:
3445:
3424:
3403:
3381:
3364:
3310:759th FST (ABN)
3286:541th FST (ABN)
3279:274th FST (ABN)
3235:
3101:
3008:
2987:
2948:
2852:
2788:Blanchfield ACH
2761:
2751:
2735:
2681:
2680:Medical Centers
2675:
2645:
2609:
2572:
2555:
2539:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2459:
2446:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:Wayback Machine
2378:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2201:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2036:
2032:
2017:
2013:
1998:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1894:
1890:
1885:Wayback Machine
1875:
1871:
1864:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1794:on 2013-10-05.
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:on 2013-10-05.
1764:
1763:
1759:
1754:Wayback Machine
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1724:Washington Post
1716:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1672:Washington Post
1664:
1660:
1653:Covert (2000),
1652:
1648:
1636:
1632:
1627:Wayback Machine
1617:
1613:
1605:on 2014-04-04.
1597:
1596:
1592:
1584:on 2013-10-05.
1576:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1495:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1403:The Independent
1397:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1308:
1288:"Wide Pastures"
1229:
1038:Wayback Machine
944:
893:
827:
815:-owned tabloid
709:
677:
637:Geneva Protocol
622:
617:
555:
494:
451:George W. Merck
439:
433:
403:decontamination
390:
314:Cleveland, Ohio
303:
290:
185:
181:
142:
140:
119:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
85:
84:
83:
80:
79:
73:
72:
71:
70:
66:
44:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4562:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4479:
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4475:
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4465:
4463:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4434:
4432:
4423:
4421:National Guard
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4400:Medical Center
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4101:List of topics
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4069:Related topics
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2899:Guthrie MEDDAC
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2376:External links
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2323:. 1 April 2020
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1999:Wood, David, "
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571:sitdown strike
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435:Main article:
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3777:Potato blight
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3119:
3117:
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3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:804th Med BDE
3095:
3093:
3092:338th Med BDE
3090:
3088:
3087:332nd Med BDE
3085:
3083:
3082:330th Med BDE
3080:
3078:
3077:307th Med BDE
3075:
3073:
3072:139th Med BDE
3070:
3068:
3067:176th Med BDE
3065:
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2909:Kimbrough ACC
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2897:
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2747:Landstuhl AMC
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2732:
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2717:
2714:
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2654:Installations
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2585:Southeast RMC
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2523:
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2510:Medical Corps
2508:
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2379:
2361:on 2003-01-24
2360:
2356:
2350:
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2338:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2271:on 2019-11-27
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2199:
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2181:
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2128:Baltimore Sun
2125:
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2015:
2008:
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1996:
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1825:home.army.mil
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1545:on 2012-03-12
1544:
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930:, who stated
929:
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920:
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902:
899:(CDC) of the
898:
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886:
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854:
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609:
605:
604:North Koreans
601:
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139:
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126:
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4494:Fort Detrick
4356:Intelligence
4201:
4025:Fort Douglas
4020:Fort Detrick
4019:
4005:Building 470
4000:Building 257
3995:Building 101
3893:M143 bomblet
3848:E23 munition
3843:E14 munition
3833:E120 bomblet
3817:Yellow fever
3737:Dengue fever
3463:
3456:
3420:AMEDD Museum
3382:schools, etc
3116:9th Hosp Ctr
3062:65th Med BDE
3057:62nd Med BDE
3052:44th Med BDE
3047:32nd Med BDE
3042:30th Med BDE
2869:Barquist AHC
2838:Reynolds ACH
2833:Moncrief ACH
2828:McDonald ACH
2726:Beaumont AMC
2666:Fort Detrick
2665:
2520:Dental Corps
2405:
2390:at Wikiquote
2388:Fort Detrick
2363:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2349:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2320:
2311:
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2295:
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2269:the original
2244:. Retrieved
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2208:
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2179:
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2131:. Retrieved
2127:
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2097:
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2069:
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2043:
2033:
2025:The Guardian
2024:
2014:
2004:
1980:. Retrieved
1973:the original
1960:
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1945:the original
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1919:
1909:
1896:
1891:
1872:
1848:The Hot Zone
1847:
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1824:
1803:
1795:
1792:the original
1782:
1773:
1770:the original
1760:
1741:
1732:
1722:
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1694:
1683:. Retrieved
1671:
1661:
1654:
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1603:the original
1593:
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1582:the original
1572:
1558:
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1543:the original
1532:
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1517:
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1484:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1446:
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1430:
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1405:. 2019-08-06
1402:
1393:
1382:
1299:Building 470
1287:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1244:
1230:
1207:
1206:
1195:
1194:
1176:
1175:
1168:
990:
989:
985:
984:
945:
931:
921:
916:
911:
909:
905:
894:
882:
878:
867:
855:
828:
818:Global Times
816:
786:
783:
768:
757:
738:
727:
712:
710:
697:
678:
666:
654:
630:
627:
623:
596:yellow fever
588:
584:
564:
560:
556:
524:
515:Building 470
512:
505:
502:
495:
479:
463:
440:
391:
365:World War II
354:
334:heart attack
304:
291:
279:
276:
246:agency, the
237:
230:
178:Fort Detrick
177:
176:
171:1931–present
155:Site history
105:Fort Detrick
69:Fort Detrick
22:Fort Detrick
4454:Coast Guard
4386:Indian Head
3969:Project 112
3782:Psittacosis
3762:Melioidosis
3757:Lassa fever
3671:Brucellosis
3037:8th Med BDE
3032:5th Med BDE
3027:2nd Med BDE
3022:1st Med BDE
3004:67th Med Gp
2999:55th Med Gp
2889:Fairfax FHC
2808:Ireland ACH
2793:Allgood ACH
2778:Bassett ACH
2731:Darnall AMC
2716:Madigan AMC
2706:Tripler AMC
2696:Augusta MMC
2605:Pacific RMC
2595:Western RMC
2515:Nurse Corps
2427: /
1747:gulfweb.org
1358:Erich Traub
1342:Porton Down
1106:Company B,
1076:Company A,
978:(CDC), the
809:Zhao Lijian
787:In 2020, a
730:Jakob Segal
719:Frank Olson
543:Erich Traub
486:Shirō Ishii
464:The Army's
330:World War I
244:bio-defense
168:In use
4488:Categories
4469:Curtis Bay
4391:Stump Neck
4311:Washington
4282:JB Andrews
4207:Fort Meade
4030:Fort Terry
3983:Facilities
3797:Rinderpest
3752:Hantavirus
3686:Rice blast
3562:Historical
3361:1982nd FST
3358:1980th FST
2978:807th MCDS
2929:Munson AHC
2924:Lyster AHC
2914:Kenner AHC
2884:Dunham AHC
2823:Martin ACH
2818:Keller ACH
2721:Womack AMC
2701:Brooke AMC
2600:Europe RMC
2464:Leadership
2415:77°25′38″W
2412:39°26′08″N
2365:2012-07-26
1951:2008-08-01
1925:25 January
1903:sfgate.com
1830:2021-12-15
1685:2022-05-15
1549:2012-07-31
1523:2020-06-21
1498:2020-06-21
1462:2012-07-26
1437:2023-03-29
1409:2020-06-21
1375:References
1347:Kurt Blome
1317:Fort Terry
1292:Italianate
1254:(pre-1798)
1023:(USAMRIID)
999:(USAMRDC)
958:, and the
936:outbreak"'
928:Ben Cardin
807:spokesman
793:SARS-CoV-2
608:propaganda
547:Kurt Blome
4381:Carderock
4262:Air Force
3888:M115 bomb
3883:M114 bomb
3826:Munitions
3691:Tularemia
3486:Stateside
3373:Education
3355:948th FST
3352:947th FST
3349:946th FST
3346:945th FST
3343:936th FST
3340:934th FST
3337:933rd FST
3334:932nd FST
3331:915th FST
3328:912th FST
3325:911th FST
3322:909th FST
3319:874th FST
3316:848th FST
3313:772nd FST
3307:758th FST
3304:745th FST
3301:691st FST
3298:629th FST
3295:628th FST
3292:624th FST
3289:555th FST
3283:402nd FST
3275:250th FST
3272:240th FST
3269:160th FST
3266:135th FST
3263:126th FST
3260:102nd FST
3231:865th CSH
3226:801th CSH
3221:452th CSH
3216:405th CSH
3211:399th CSH
3206:396th CSH
3196:349th CSH
3191:345th CSH
3186:328th CSH
3181:325th CSH
3176:256th CSH
3171:228th CSH
3166:212th CSH
3161:121st CSH
2973:AR-MEDCOM
2944:Camp Zama
2934:Rader AHC
2864:Bliss AHC
2813:Irwin ACH
2798:Evans ACH
2783:Jones ACH
2770:Hospitals
2762:(MEDDACs)
2689:Stateside
2682:(MEDCENs)
2327:28 August
2301:28 August
2275:28 August
2214:30 August
2104:31 August
2075:29 August
1680:0190-8286
1493:0362-4331
1017:(USAMRAA)
1011:(USAMMDA)
781:process.
764:Superfund
447:pathogens
310:airfields
307:emergency
262:(NICBR),
4239:Phillips
4232:Airfield
4223:Aberdeen
4179:Maryland
3858:E61 bomb
3802:Smallpox
3747:Glanders
3727:Bird flu
3666:Botulism
3527:Overseas
3450:Products
3380:Centers,
3257:67th FST
3201:352d CSH
3151:75th CSH
3146:48th CSH
3141:47th CSH
3136:31th CSH
3131:28th CSH
3126:14th CSH
2983:3rd MCDS
2919:Kirk AHC
2848:Winn ACH
2843:Weed ACH
2803:Wood ACH
2740:Overseas
2573:commands
2571:Regional
2544:Enlisted
2503:Officers
2397:Archived
2185:2 August
1881:Archived
1750:Archived
1700:Op. Cit.
1655:Op. cit.
1623:Archived
1306:See also
1135:(JMLFDC)
1048:USAMRICD
1034:Archived
1005:(USAMMA)
970:and the
934:COVID-19
591:Japanese
535:Austrian
482:Unit 731
415:Lt. Col.
357:concrete
312:between
274:(NCMI).
270:and the
266:(NIBC),
233:materiel
77:Maryland
4202:Detrick
3676:Q fever
3661:Anthrax
3429:Courses
3408:Museums
3254:8th FST
3251:2nd FST
3248:1st FST
2894:Fox AHC
2857:Clinics
2246:20 July
1982:26 July
1327:MKNAOMI
1222:(NBACC)
1216:(NBFAC)
1141:(JRCAB)
1085:(AFMLO)
1073:(6MLMC)
925:Senator
833:on the
600:Chinese
519:Anthrax
288:History
212:) is a
31:, U.S.
4407:WRNMMC
3807:Typhus
3772:Plague
2668:(with
2614:Others
2159:13 May
2133:13 May
2049:29 May
1860:
1678:
1491:
1153:(NMLC)
966:, the
954:, the
950:, the
717:about
531:German
498:VJ Day
409:, and
361:tarmac
324:Major
316:, and
146:
3787:Ricin
3732:CHIKV
3583:Other
2240:(PDF)
2233:(PDF)
1976:(PDF)
1969:(PDF)
1247:1835)
1245:circa
1159:(TAO)
1147:(MC4)
1031:TATRC
851:karst
693:ELISA
669:Ebola
160:Built
4462:Yard
4373:NSWC
4363:NMIO
4296:Navy
4270:Base
4195:Fort
4187:Army
2329:2021
2303:2021
2277:2021
2248:2021
2216:2015
2187:2014
2161:2014
2135:2014
2106:2015
2077:2021
2051:2021
1984:2014
1927:2017
1858:ISBN
1676:ISSN
1518:WJLA
1489:ISSN
1257:The
1250:The
1239:The
1182:The
723:FOIA
602:and
545:and
533:and
422:Col.
359:and
348:and
163:1931
124:Type
4430:Air
4177:in
3812:WEE
3792:RVF
3767:VND
3742:EEE
3722:BHF
3717:AHF
3696:VEE
2003:",
1854:300
1721:",
773:in
749:FBI
734:HIV
4490::
4329:-
2319:.
2294:.
2256:^
2207:.
2195:^
2178:.
2143:^
2126:.
2114:^
2096:.
2085:^
2068:.
2042:.
2023:.
1992:^
1918:.
1856:.
1823:.
1812:^
1706:^
1674:.
1670:.
1641:;
1516:.
1487:.
1483:.
1471:^
1429:.
1418:^
1401:.
1235::
1173:.
1110:,
938:.
919:.
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541:,
510:.
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375:,
355:A
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284:.
254:,
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2250:.
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2079:.
2053:.
2027:.
1986:.
1954:.
1929:.
1866:.
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