1906:
945:
1810:
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1290:
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1834:
112:
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83:
165:
65:
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54:
103:
156:
1922:
123:
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957:
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174:
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94:
850:
134:
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1941:
74:
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1381:. In honor of the Quincentennial of the voyages of Columbus in 1992 the exterior esplanade was cleared of palm trees that had been planted by the U.S. Army in the Fort Brooke era, and restored to the open appearance this "field-of-fire" for El Morro's cannon would have had in colonial Spanish times. Parking lots and paved roads were also removed, and the El Morro lighthouse repaired and restored to its original appearance. The 1963 film
1421:
1242:, also attacked the island emulating George Clifford's overland invasion. To the amazement of the citizens, the invaders were able to pass in front of the castle's defenders and into the harbor, out of reach of the city's cannons. El Morro managed to resist the siege and eventually made the Dutch retire, although the attackers were able to sack and burn the city before leaving the
1893:
1328:
tried to leave port without permission from the
Customs Collector. Lt. Marxuach gave the order to open fire on her, which forced her to stop. The shots ordered by Lt. Marxuach are widely regarded to be the first shots fired by the United States in World War I, although the first actual wartime shot
1399:
where
African slaves were auctioned in 1839. African slave labor was used in addition to local labor to help build the castillo. El Morro was a defensive military fortification and a major component of San Juan's harbor defense system. Puerto Rico as such was considered by the Spanish crown as the
1905:
1343:
During World War II the United States Army added a massive concrete bunker to the top of El Morro to serve as a Harbor
Defense Fire Control Station to direct a network of coastal artillery sites, and to keep watch for German submarines which were ravaging shipping in the Caribbean. A lighthouse,
1192:
In 1593 Portuguese soldiers, sent from Lisbon by order of
Phillip II, composed the first garrison of the San Felipe del Morro fortress in Puerto Rico. Some brought their wives, while others married Puerto Rican women, and today there are many Puerto Rican families with Portuguese last names.
1589:
1899 – The
Department of the Navy rebuilds the lighthouse tower as an octagonal reinforced concrete structure using the iron structure as reinforcement. A new lenticular lens is installed. By 1906 a crack, through and around the top of the tower, directly under the lantern requires its
1406:
The fort is home to a resident colony of around 200 stray cats that are believed to have been descended from cats introduced either during colonial times or in the mid-20th century as part of rat eradication programs. Following concerns over an increase in their population, in 2023 the
980:
by controlling the entry to its harbor. In order to have a viable defense while the rest of the fort was being completed, a small proto-fortress was erected during the first year of construction. It is estimated that this section comprises about 10% of the whole structure.
1833:
1550:, with a force of 7,000–13,000 men, invaded the island of Puerto Rico. Captain General Don Ramón de Castro and his forces repelled the attack. Abercromby and Harvey were defeated. This was to be one of the largest invasions to Spanish territories in the Americas.
2863:
1494:
attacks El Morro unsuccessfully by sea. Gunners from El Morro shoot a cannonball through the cabin of Drake's flagship. To impede Drake's ships from entering the bay, a metal chain was drawn across the entrance. Drake was defeated and many of his ships
1249:
In 1797, British
General Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Henry Harvey, with a force of 7,000–13,000 men, invaded the island of Puerto Rico. Captain General Don Ramón de Castro and his forces repelled the attack. Abercromby and Harvey were defeated in the
1509:
1625 – The Dutch under the command of
Captain Balduino Enrico (also known as Boudewijn Hendricksz/Bowdoin Henrick) attacked and invaded San Juan from the "La Puntilla". El Morro held out under the leadership of Spanish Governor De Haro and Captain
1044:
Diego Menéndez de Valdés, who was the governor of Puerto Rico, took over construction after Tejeda and
Antonelli left to start construction of Santo Domingo's fortifications. Capt. Pedro de Salazar took over construction in 1591.
1411:
announced it would contract an animal welfare organization to remove the cats and threatened to hire a pest control agency if it were to fail. However, the plan was suspended following a lawsuit by animal welfare groups in 2024.
1265:, ending the age of naval warfare in the Caribbean, at least in the classical sense. During the Spanish–American War, the castle was attacked at least three times by American naval forces, the largest being the
2738:
1627:
1942 – El Morro was still an active military post during World War II. The US Army added concrete artillery observation posts and an underground bunker to El Morro to defend against possible German attacks.
1809:
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In 1961, the United States Army officially retired from El Morro. The fort became a part of the
National Park Service to be preserved as museums. In 1983, the Castillo and the city walls were declared a
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1797:
1881:
1857:
1845:
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drew the fort's final design. The plan, which was based on the then firmly established
Spanish military fortification principles of the time, included fortifying nine other sites in the
2868:
1518:
3051:
944:
1484:
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1502:, Duke of Cumberland, attacks from the land side in June of this year, the only time El Morro was taken in battle. English forces move into the fortress, however weakened by
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2903:
1770:
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under the main plaza containing 216,000 gallons of water collected from times of rain. The walls were strengthened to be 18–40 feet thick. These walls consisted of
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1215:, 3rd Earl of Cumberland. Clifford succeeded because he attacked San Juan over land instead of trying to enter through the San Juan Bay. However, an epidemic of
973:
1612:, fired what is considered to be the first shot of World War I fired by the regular armed forces of the United States against any ship flying the colors of the
1344:
rebuilt by the U.S. Army in 1906–08 is the tallest point on El Morro, standing 180 feet (55 m) above sea level. Flagpoles on El Morro today customarily fly the
1189:
During the Spanish government of the island, El Morro, also known as Castillo de San Felipe, survived several attacks from foreign powers on various occasions.
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1666:
1992 – El Morro's grounds are returned to their historic 18th-century appearance as part of quincentennial commemoration of the discovery of Puerto Rico by
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3026:
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930:, making it one of Puerto Rico's leading tourist attractions. Facing the structure, on the opposite side of the bay, a smaller fortification known as
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1912:
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1473:
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1110:. San Juan became a Defense of the First Order, and one of the most powerful plazas in the Americas by 1790. El Morro's improvements included 3
1578:
El Morro in a day-long bombardment, damaging the tip of the main battery. Six months later, Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory by terms of the
1091:
In 1634, construction of the city walls surrounding San Juan began. By 1650, the town was enclosed on the east, south and west, while natural
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1701:
619:
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flag, also known in Spanish as las Aspas de Borgoña, a standard which was widely used by Spanish armies around the world from 1506 to 1785.
1137:
was destroyed during the 1898 bombardment of the city by the United States, and the American flag replaced the Spanish on 18 November 1898.
2728:
1683:
on September 20, 2017 devastating the infrastructure of the island as well as the tourism industry. Tourism to the Castle of San Felipe or
1106:
of Cuba, and Colonel Tomás O'Daly, San Juan Chief of Engineers, agreed on a plan to strengthen San Juan's defenses, which was approved by
3056:
2723:
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1987:
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featured an extensive foot chase and shootout scene filmed at El Morro. El Morro was also used as a film set in the 1996 motion picture
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17:
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1616:. Marxuach, who was a member of the "Porto Rico Regiment of Infantry" and Officer of the Day, on 25 March 1915, opened fire on the
1713:
111:
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when modern roadways and parking lots are removed. El Morro now generates tourism revenue by being open to tours. Also in 1992,
1532:(Thomas O'Daly) to reform San Juan's fortifications and reorganize the garrison to make the city a "Defense of the First Order".
2913:
2853:
2518:
1779:
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1305:(the green space in front of "El Morro") with baseball diamonds, hospitals, officers' quarters, an officers' club and even a
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1182:, and a Water Battery at the foot of the slope for 3 guns. By 1555, Morro had 8 bronze cannons, as a defense against French
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2012:
631:
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1957:
803:
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2371:"US Naval Institute Proceedings"; "A Breach of Neutrality"; by: Lt. Isaiah Olch, US Navy; Vol. 62; July – December 1936
2245:
2194:. Washington, D.C.: Division of Publications, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. 2018. pp. 24–25.
815:
164:
82:
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1655:
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2293:"San Juan National Historic Site celebrates 12th Annual Artisan's Fair at El Morro - San Juan National Historic Site"
2199:
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2793:
1633:
1961 – The U.S. Army moves out of the forts of Old San Juan, and they become the jurisdiction of the United States
1297:
El Morro and many other Spanish government buildings in Old San Juan became part of a large U.S. Army post, called
2665:
1648:
1068:, one on the Atlantic side called "Tejeda", and another on the harbor side called "Austria", were connected by a
923:
650:
279:
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64:
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2159:"El Morro, view of walls, late 16th c. Juan de Tejada and Juan Bautista Antonelli. San Juan, Puerto Rico"
1962:
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Main gate and the lighthouse in 1933. (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington).
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sandwiched in between. The Santa Bárbara battery became the main battery with 37 cannon, supported by
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It was not till 1587, however, that Field Marshal Juan de Tejeda and the Italian engineer-architect
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1765 – After the siege of Havana in 1762 by the British, King Charles III appoints Field Marshal
1521:
begins construction of the city walls. Work continues until 1678 to encircle the city completely.
1477:
1324:
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545:
102:
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53:
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2017:
1634:
1525:
1408:
1201:
1174:, a battery was constructed on the rocky promontory called "the Morro", when the location of
1099:
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304:
288:
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1967:
1982:
1667:
1317:
1239:
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956:
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1511:
964:
The construction of the citadel and its surrounding walls began in 1539 on orders of King
8:
2788:
2693:
2311:"US halts plan to remove iconic stray cats from a historic area in Puerto Rico's capital"
1609:
1439:
1387:
1374:
1037:
1005:
993:
915:
863:
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shoreline with 18 to 25 ft thick walls, the six-leveled edifice stands on a steep, rocky
557:
173:
2216:
1977:
1605:
1400:"Key to the Antilles"; no enemy ship could navigate its waters without fear of capture.
1313:
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1946:
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guns at a lower level, and backed by a great wall with casemates at a higher level.
1040:, metal founder, and an overseer assigned to the task, with the help of 150 slaves.
771:
continued to be developed to reach its current form in 1787. Rising 140 ft from the
1543:
1392:
715:
93:
849:
2908:
2798:
2540:
2334:
2218:
The History of Puerto Rico: From the Spanish Discovery to the American Occupation
1680:
1364:
1226:
1064:, to protect the landward side of the existing tower and water battery. Two half-
1041:
752:
343:
296:
133:
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2327:
1613:
1378:
1162:
919:
911:, and defend the Spanish colonial port city of San Juan from seaborne enemies.
858:
783:
772:
363:
312:
219:
211:
207:
191:
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2753:
2382:""Mission: Impossible" The Field (TV Episode 1971) - Trivia - IMDb"
1621:
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1017:
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408:
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Puerta de Tierra Historic District – Distrito Histórico de Puerta de Tierra
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El Morro's last active fight occurred during a naval bombardment by the
2718:
2033:"San Juan National Historic Site El Morro Esplanade Cultural Landscape"
1568:
1092:
1077:
904:
779:
247:
231:
199:
73:
2999:
National Register of Historic Places listings in San Juan, Puerto Rico
2596:
Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan – Old San Juan Historic District
2501:
Las LĂneas de Defensa de San Juan, Compilation by Johnny Torres Rivera
2328:
El Morro, San Cristobal y San Geronimo en peligro en caso de terremoto
1048:
1032:. San Juan construction began in March 1589 with skilled artisans, 12
972:. The original fortress was built under the direction of conquistador
2488:
2092:
1539:
damages the structure of both San Felipe del Morro and San CristĂłbal.
1503:
1302:
1216:
1183:
1179:
1119:
1115:
609:
470:
1731:
1425:
1127:
1061:
1057:
776:
760:
251:
215:
2506:
Las defensas de San Juan 1898, Compilation by Luis M. Iriarte Rota
2348:"Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Puerto Rico"
2007:
1461:
1539 – Construction of the first harbor defenses at El Morro and
1111:
1081:
1065:
736:
339:
1514:
of the Puerto Rican militia, but the city was sacked and burned.
1178:
was deemed unsuitable. This battery consisted of a tower with 4
936:
complemented the castillo's defense of the entrance to the bay.
2864:
Residencia de Señoritas Universidad de Puerto Rico; RĂo Piedras
2131:. WBM: United States Department of the Interior. Archived from
1557:
1123:
1025:
843:
600:
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
263:
2350:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from
2093:"San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"
1329:
fired by the US came on the day war was declared, during the
1301:. In the early 20th century, the U.S. military filled up the
969:
763:
by 1595. Over the next 200 years, especially in the reign of
718:: Promontory Castle of Saint Philip), most commonly known as
474:
2651:
Instituto Loaiza Cordero para Niños Ciegos Historic District
2450:
2411:
San Juan National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)
1403:
An annual artisans festival is held at the fort every July.
1420:
1337:
1306:
1284:
1278:
1080:
in the center. The gate and drawbridge were protected by a
1073:
482:
478:
239:
2407:"8th Annual Artisan Fair at Castillo San Felipe del Morro"
895:, Castillo San Felipe del Morro is named in honor of King
1911:
Architectural drawings of the Lighthouse produced in the
1624:, as it was trying leave San Juan bay without permission.
1316:
was the officer of the day at the El Morro fortress. The
3052:
Historic district contributing properties in Puerto Rico
2061:"JustificaciĂłn para una historia militar de Puerto Rico"
2734:
Church, School, Convent and Parish House of San AgustĂn
1269:
on May 12, 1898. The war ended with the signing of the
1084:, and just inside the gate was a guardhouse. A pair of
381:
501 Calle Norzagaray, Old San Juan, San Juan, PR, 00901
1630:
1949 – San Juan National Historic Site is established.
1608:
on behalf of the United States. Marxuach, a native of
1564:
was jailed and later executed within the fort's walls.
1480:
lay out the main design for El Morro still seen today.
2215:
Van Middeldyk, R.A. (1903). Brumbaugh, Martin (ed.).
1651:
declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations.
1936:
891:
Lying on the northwesternmost point of the islet of
1273:, in which Spain ceded ownership of the islands of
1088:behind the hornwork overlooked the sea and harbor.
3003:List of National Historic Landmarks in Puerto Rico
2244:
1281:, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States.
3013:
2759:Edificio Comunidad de Orgullo Gay de Puerto Rico
27:16th-century fortress and citadel in Puerto Rico
1707:Bird's-eye view of the castle from San Juan Bay
1644:episode "The Field" (season 5th, episode 17th).
1604:1915 – First shots of World War I fired by Lt.
1359:
1122:blocks forming the exterior and interior, with
976:and its main purpose was to defend the port of
926:. Over two million visitors a year explore the
2909:University of Puerto Rico Tower and Quadrangle
1899:Chapel of the courtyard of the castle in 1933.
1758:Entrance view of castle at dusk from esplanade
1676:is built across Castillo San Felipe del Morro.
2526:
2214:
2116:
2114:
2112:
1839:Main ramp from Santa Barbara Bastion in 1933.
1786:
1684:
907:,' was designed to guard the entrance to the
3032:Spanish Colonial architecture in Puerto Rico
2729:Church of San Mateo de Cangrejos of Santurce
2070:(in Spanish). April 4, 2023. pp. 250–51
1211:In 1598, the English attacked again, led by
222:; inside view from fourth-level surrounding
1988:List of the oldest buildings in Puerto Rico
1571:in Puerto Rico constructed atop the castle.
1443:View of Castillo San Felipe del Morro from
1157:
1135:Castillo de San Felipe del Morro Lighthouse
939:
3027:16th-century establishments in Puerto Rico
2533:
2519:
2109:
3047:1589 establishments in the Spanish Empire
2844:Puerto Rico Ilustrado – Edificio El Mundo
2739:Colegio de las Madres del Sagrado CorazĂłn
2087:
2085:
1368:Panorama view of the city from the castle
899:. The fortification, also referred to as
632:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2611:Castillo San Felipe del Morro Lighthouse
1654:
1528:(Alexander O'Reilly) and Royal Engineer
1438:
1430:
1419:
1363:
1288:
1285:American military occupation (1898–1961)
1225:
1219:forced him to flee the island after the
1161:
1139:
1047:
955:
943:
848:
276:Santa MarĂa Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
2884:Superintendent of Lighthouses' Dwelling
1435:Cannon at Castillo San Felipe del Morro
1095:protected the city along the Atlantic.
948:Architectural drawings produced in the
14:
3014:
2082:
2068:Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia
2008:"National Register Information System"
1415:
1056:The new fortifications consisted of a
2514:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2542:National Register of Historic Places
2365:
2221:. D. Appleton and Company. pp.
2013:National Register of Historic Places
1689:had recovered by the summer of 2019.
1637:, to be preserved solely as museums.
1487:begins new construction at El Morro.
1172:Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés
914:In 1983, the citadel was declared a
287:outside the northern section of the
2784:Escuela Graduado José Celso Barbosa
2161:. Visual Culture in Spanish America
2156:
2000:
1574:1898 – On 12 May, US Navy warships
759:, who oversaw its expansion into a
24:
3057:Military facilities in Puerto Rico
2932:FortĂn de San GerĂłnimo de BoquerĂłn
2646:El Falansterio de Puerta de Tierra
2173:
1915:San Juan, Puerto Rico field office
952:San Juan, Puerto Rico field office
234:visible; inside main courtyard or
202:; panorama from fourth-level onto
25:
3073:
2562:Casa Dra. Concha MelĂ©ndez RamĂrez
2480:
2246:"Calls Odenwald affair an attack"
2208:
1719:View of the castle from the north
1679:2017 – Puerto Rico was struck by
1451:1508 – Spanish colonized the area
751:in 1539, it was first built as a
2834:Nuestra Señora de Lourdes Chapel
2575:
2122:"Old San Juan Historic District"
1939:
1920:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1791:at Castillo San Felipe del Morro
1778:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1712:
1700:
172:
163:
154:
143:
132:
121:
110:
101:
92:
81:
72:
63:
52:
3022:San Juan National Historic Site
2950:Hiram Bithorn Municipal Stadium
2904:U.S. Post Office and Courthouse
2849:Puerto Rico Island Penitentiary
2666:San Juan National Historic Site
2425:
2399:
2374:
2340:
2321:
2303:
2285:
2267:
1649:San Juan National Historic Site
1395:used it to represent a fort in
924:San Juan National Historic Site
671:U.S. National Historic Landmark
651:San Juan National Historic Site
2794:Gran Logia Espiritual NĂşmero 1
2237:
2150:
2053:
2024:
1953:Some other forts in San Juan:
1815:Lighthouse in a photo in 1933.
886:
830:), from invasion by competing
810:, and other forts part of the
546:Bombardment of San Juan (1898)
238:on fifth-level; entrance from
13:
1:
2804:House at 659 Concordia Street
2689:Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico
2606:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
2433:"Plaza del Quinto Centenario"
1993:
1595:lighthouse seen atop El Morro
1519:Enrique EnrĂquez de Sotomayor
1454:1509 – Spanish settlers from
712:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
33:Castillo San Felipe del Morro
2819:House at 665 McKinley Street
2749:Rafael Cordero Graded School
2462:Amura Yachts & Lifestyle
2337:on NoticiasOnline (6/7/2009)
2275:"El Morro Artisan Fair 2012"
1746:Exhibition inside the castle
1360:National Park (1961–present)
816:strategically and militarily
739:in the historic district of
303:onto western section of the
7:
2985:San Antonio Railroad Bridge
2879:School of Tropical Medicine
2869:Residencia Luis Muñoz MarĂn
2854:Rafael M. Labra High School
2699:El Capitolio de Puerto Rico
2554:National Historic Landmarks
1932:
1673:Plaza del Quinto Centenario
1660:Plaza del Quinto Centenario
1052:View of El Morro's entrance
194:; inside from fourth level
10:
3078:
2814:House at 663 La Paz Street
2809:House at 659 La Paz Street
2704:Carcel de Puerta de Tierra
2621:FortĂn San Juan de la Cruz
2297:U.S. National Park Service
2263:– via Times Machine.
1771:U.S. commemorative quarter
1693:
1152:
558:UNESCO World Heritage Site
299:; entrance from middle of
291:; profile from opening of
2993:
2970:General Norzagaray Bridge
2940:
2922:
2674:
2631:
2584:
2573:
2552:
2255:. 7 April 1915. p. 3
2192:The Forts of Old San Juan
1252:Battle of San Juan (1797)
1244:Battle of San Juan (1625)
1221:Battle of San Juan (1598)
1206:Battle of San Juan (1595)
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537:Battle of San Juan (1598)
534:Battle of San Juan (1595)
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18:Fort San Felipe del Morro
3042:Castles in North America
2744:Condado Vanderbilt Hotel
2333:January 8, 2014, at the
1485:Diego Menéndez de Valdés
1200:unsuccessfully attacked
1196:In 1595, Englishman Sir
1158:Spanish Rule (1539–1898)
940:Structure for deployment
922:in conjunction with the
307:; aerial from middle of
2774:Edificio Victory Garden
2684:Administration Building
2279:Discovering Puerto Rico
1640:1971 – Featured in the
1506:they leave in November.
1478:Juan Bautista Antonelli
1312:On March 21, 1915, Lt.
1267:Bombardment of San Juan
1230:Main gate of the castle
986:Juan Bautista Antonelli
749:King Charles I of Spain
519:Juan Bautista Antonelli
509:Design and construction
184:From top, left to right
2960:Luis Muñoz Rivera Park
2889:Supreme Court Building
2859:Residencia Aboy–Lompre
2839:PolvorĂn de Miraflores
2769:Edificio Patio Español
2601:Castillo San CristĂłbal
1963:FortĂn de San GerĂłnimo
1958:Castillo San CristĂłbal
1787:
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1686:Castillo de San Felipe
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824:La Llave de las Indias
786:guarding the entry to
525:, Thomas O’Daly (1765)
354:Classical architecture
336:Medieval fortification
311:; and aerial from the
2641:Acueducto de San Juan
2616:City Wall of San Juan
2546:San Juan, Puerto Rico
2018:National Park Service
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974:Diego Ramos de Orozco
959:
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812:Walls of Old San Juan
409:18.47083°N 66.12417°W
305:Walls of Old San Juan
289:Walls of Old San Juan
3062:Forts in Puerto Rico
2437:Discover Puerto Rico
1983:Puerto Rico Campaign
1668:Christopher Columbus
1620:, an unarmed German
1584:Spanish–American War
1318:Hamburg America Line
1263:Spanish–American War
1240:Boudewijn Hendricksz
1148:in El Morro, level 6
1108:Charles III of Spain
879:fly continuously on
492:70 acres, including
425:Construction started
285:historic shanty town
2789:Figueroa Apartments
2724:Central High School
2694:Biblioteca Carnegie
1642:Mission: Impossible
1610:Arroyo, Puerto Rico
1465:authorized by King
1424:One of many iconic
1416:Historical timeline
1375:World Heritage Site
1170:Upon the advice of
1076:, and spanned by a
994:Spanish West Indies
916:World Heritage Site
840:World Heritage Site
414:18.47083; -66.12417
405: /
350:Architectural style
327:General information
2980:RĂo Piedras Bridge
2975:MartĂn Peña Bridge
2965:Mural "La Familia"
2894:Templo del Maestro
2764:Edificio del Valle
2252:The New York Times
1947:Puerto Rico portal
1803:Main gate in 1933.
1663:
1599:United States Navy
1553:1825 – Well known
1526:Alejandro O'Reilly
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1054:
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897:Philip II of Spain
884:
747:. Commissioned by
694:Reference no.
657:Reference no.
606:Reference no.
523:Alejandro O'Reilly
3009:
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2899:U.S. Custom House
2779:Escuela Brambaugh
2588:Landmark District
2586:National Historic
2157:Cummins, Thomas.
2138:on April 11, 2019
1968:EscambrĂłn Battery
1512:Juan de Amézqueta
1472:1587 – Engineers
1354:Cross of Burgundy
1350:Puerto Rican flag
1331:scuttling of SMS
1104:Inspector General
873:Stars and Stripes
855:Cross of Burgundy
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689:February 27, 2013
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1517:1630 – Governor
1483:1589 – Governor
1393:Steven Spielberg
1314:TeĂłfilo Marxuach
1261:during the 1898
960:El Morro in 1591
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790:, the harbor of
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642:October 15, 1966
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1593:1908 – Present
1582:which ends the
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1562:Roberto CofresĂ
1542:1797 – General
1500:George Clifford
1458:found San Juan.
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1213:George Clifford
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2567:La Fortaleza
2466:. Retrieved
2461:
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2440:. Retrieved
2436:
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2415:. Retrieved
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2389:. Retrieved
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2356:. Retrieved
2352:the original
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2152:
2140:. Retrieved
2133:the original
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2100:. Retrieved
2096:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
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2043:. Retrieved
2039:
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2011:
2002:
1972:
1952:
1734:(Sentry Box)
1671:
1641:
1617:
1555:Puerto Rican
1548:Henry Harvey
1546:and Admiral
1530:Tomás O'Daly
1463:La Fortaleza
1405:
1402:
1397:Sierra Leone
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1371:
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1176:La Fortaleza
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1132:
1097:
1090:
1070:curtain wall
1055:
1034:stonecutters
990:Spanish Main
983:
963:
931:
927:
913:
909:San Juan Bay
900:
893:Old San Juan
890:
880:
862:
832:world powers
823:
814:, protected
800:La Fortaleza
798:, alongside
795:
792:Old San Juan
788:San Juan Bay
768:
755:in honor of
741:Old San Juan
728:
724:
720:
719:
711:
710:
681:La Fortaleza
620:The Americas
493:
368:Old San Juan
280:
272:Old San Juan
267:
259:
244:curtain wall
236:inner bailey
232:sentry boxes
228:inner bailey
224:outer bailey
214:; garita or
204:San Juan Bay
196:inner bailey
187:
183:
39:
2097:www.nps.gov
2074:January 19,
1785:Sentry box
1590:demolition.
1490:1595 – Sir
1321:cargo liner
1299:Fort Brooke
1275:Puerto Rico
1093:battlements
1022:Panama City
1002:Santa Marta
887:Development
869:Puerto Rico
836:Age of Sail
834:during the
820:Puerto Rico
745:Puerto Rico
501:Floor count
412: /
387:Coordinates
372:Puerto Rico
321:Interactive
200:battlements
186:: Front of
3016:Categories
2942:Structures
2824:La Giralda
2719:Casa Vigil
2714:Casa Klumb
2464:(in Latin)
2358:2008-10-26
2102:2024-06-02
2045:1 February
1994:References
1927:Bell, 1969
1569:lighthouse
1537:earthquake
1535:1787 – An
1445:El Cañuelo
1184:privateers
1180:embrasures
1146:lighthouse
1078:drawbridge
933:El Cañuelo
905:promontory
871:, and the
818:important
808:El Cañuelo
780:promontory
686:Designated
639:Designated
581:Designated
449:Dimensions
397:18°28′15″N
256:lighthouse
248:drawbridge
2996:See also:
2676:Buildings
2633:Districts
2468:22 August
2165:March 25,
2030:cite web
1788:La Garita
1504:dysentery
1467:Charles V
1303:esplanade
1238:, led by
1217:dysentery
1120:sandstone
1116:limestone
1098:In 1765,
1086:batteries
1014:Portobelo
1006:Cartagena
966:Charles V
846:in 1983.
530:Known for
496:esplanade
471:Sandstone
433:Completed
400:66°7′27″W
190:from the
3037:Citadels
2331:Archived
2259:21 March
1933:See also
1618:Odenwald
1352:and the
1333:Cormoran
1325:Odenwald
1309:course.
1202:San Juan
1166:El Morro
1128:casemate
1112:cisterns
1066:bastions
1062:headland
1058:hornwork
978:San Juan
928:castillo
903:or 'the
901:el Morro
881:El Morro
796:El Morro
777:headland
773:Atlantic
769:El Morro
733:fortress
721:El Morro
697:13000284
660:66000930
573:Criteria
568:Cultural
521:(1587);
514:Engineer
504:6 levels
467:Material
454:Diameter
444:140 feet
360:Location
313:Atlantic
295:next to
281:La Perla
268:El Morro
240:dry moat
220:Atlantic
216:bartizan
192:Atlantic
188:El Morro
40:El Morro
2442:30 July
2417:14 June
2391:7 April
2229:6 March
2142:31 July
1694:Gallery
1647:1983 –
1498:1598 –
1456:Caparra
1426:garitas
1388:Amistad
1377:by the
1153:History
1082:ravelin
918:by the
875:of the
861:, the
857:of the
737:citadel
716:English
647:Part of
596:Part of
588:session
378:Address
340:Citadel
2198:
2040:pr.gov
1732:Garita
1558:pirate
1348:, the
1124:rubble
1038:cooper
1028:, and
1026:Havana
1016:, the
844:UNESCO
828:Indies
616:Region
441:Height
264:glacis
254:, and
210:, and
2924:Sites
2136:(PDF)
2125:(PDF)
2064:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
1576:shell
1495:sunk.
1236:Dutch
970:Spain
822:, or
586:(7th
584:1983
475:Brick
274:with
270:onto
242:onto
230:with
212:Ocean
3001:and
2470:2019
2444:2020
2419:2020
2393:2023
2386:IMDb
2261:2024
2231:2019
2225:–110
2196:ISBN
2167:2018
2144:2019
2076:2024
2047:2024
1913:HABS
1476:and
1338:Guam
1336:off
1307:golf
1279:Cuba
1144:The
1118:and
1074:moat
992:and
950:HABS
853:The
735:and
565:Type
489:Size
483:Clay
479:Sand
436:1787
428:1539
332:Type
278:and
2544:in
2223:109
2129:NPS
968:of
867:of
842:by
782:on
743:in
610:266
309:Bay
301:Bay
293:Bay
3018::
2460:.
2435:.
2409:.
2384:.
2313:.
2295:.
2277:.
2249:.
2175:^
2127:.
2111:^
2095:.
2084:^
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2010:.
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996::
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767:,
576:vi
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2534:e
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20:)
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