Fort Shaw - Knowledge

953:, and was named the Fort Shaw Government Industrial Indian Boarding School, The school officially opened on December 27, 1892, with Dr. William Winslow as the school's superintendent, first teacher, and physician. It had 52 students, but by the end of 1893 enrollment had climbed to 176. Administrators and faculty were housed in the old officers' quarters, which students boarded in the former soldiers' barracks. Students ranged in age from five to 18, and came from tribes in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. Half of each day was spent learning English and in academic study. The rest of the day was spent working in the school's garden, stables, and pastures raising the meat and vegetables which supplied the school with food; in making uniforms and shoes for the children to wear; and in maintaining and repairing the school's buildings and furniture. The vocational curriculum was gender-specific. Girls learned to cook "white" food the "white" way, sew, clean house, make dairy products (butter, cream, skim milk) from raw 423:(8.2 by 9.1 m)); and a quartermaster's office (27 by 30 feet (8.2 by 9.1 m)). The U-shaped storehouse also had a cellar and a (30 by 60 feet (9.1 by 18.3 m)) yard, enclosed by a gate. Other buildings included a guardhouse (with stone prison cells) and quarters for the company band (68 by 68 feet (21 by 21 m), with a 9-foot (2.7 m) high ceiling); a T-shaped hospital (82 by 86 feet (25 by 26 m)); two-story commanding officer's quarters (37 by 37 feet (11 by 11 m)), with bedroom, dining room, sitting room, kitchen, servants' room, and two 893: 595: 700: 394:

was erected before cold weather forced construction to halt and the men to enter winter quarters. The finished buildings were only barely habitable and the men and officers very cramped, but the winter was not a harsh one. The remaining structures were raised and finished in the spring and summer of 1868. During 1869, the structures were made more comfortable and military decorations added. Floors were hard-packed dirt (and remained so throughout the fort's existence).

858:, where they remained.) Companies A and K were reassigned to Fort Shaw in 1881. In the fall and summer of 1882 and 1883, at least two companies from Fort Shaw were kept in the field at all times, observing Native American movements and discouraging raids on white settlements south of the Piegan Blackfeet reservation. The peaceful life was not necessarily fun for the isolated soldiers, who often visited nearby communities to drink. In 1885, the first 1038:, once in Great Falls (36-to-9) and again in Bozeman (20-to-0). The Fort Shaw girls defeated nearly every high school and college girls' basketball team in the state, as well as several high school boys' teams. The team ended its first year as undisputed (if unofficial) state champion. It was unable to reproduce that record in the 1903–04 season, as the team could not secure appointments for games with any other high school in the state that year. 406:. There were four U-shaped infantry barracks, each 102 feet (31 m) on a side and with 9-foot (2.7 m) ceilings. Barracks walls were unfinished, and had four windows (3 by 4 feet (0.91 by 1.22 m) in size). Each barracks contained several rooms: A sergeant's room (15 by 15 feet (4.6 by 4.6 m)), a storeroom (15 by 14 feet (4.6 by 4.3 m)), a 1049:. To fund their trip, the team stopped at numerous points along the way to play exhibition games against other high school and college girls' teams. After each game, the girls donned traditional native ceremonial garb and charged a fee (50 cents) for a program of dance, music, and recitations. Part of the United States' pavilion at the 751:. Gibbon left Fort Shaw on March 17, 1877, with five companies (about 200 men and 12 officers), and reached Fort Ellis on March 22. In April, Gibbon left Fort Ellis with both infantry and cavalry (totalling about 450 men and officers), heading for the Yellowstone. On June 20, Gibbon's command rendezvoused with Terry at the mouth of the 877:, more than 200 miles (320 km) to the west over the Rocky Mountains. Just two companies of the 25th Infantry (I and K) resided at Fort Shaw, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James J. Van Horn. These two companies were "skeletonized" in September 1890, leaving Fort Shaw with only a minimal military presence. 884:(which cost $ 1 million to build) in 1879 led to the creation of a new center of U.S. military power in Montana far from the more settled central and southwestern parts of the state, and led to the eventual closure of Fort Shaw and Fort Ellis. Fort Shaw was abandoned by the U.S. Army on July 1, 1891. 393:

When first established, Fort Shaw consisted of officers and men housed in canvas tents. Construction of log cabin housing began in August 1867, and by late fall the men had constructed barracks for half the soldiers, a temporary storehouse, and three officers' huts. But only half of the post hospital

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Water, too, was a problem. The valley was very well-drained by the river, and no springs were located near the post. Water was obtained by digging a long trench from the river to the post. Although a steam engine was later used to pump water from the river to various building via wooden pipes, these

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considered adding Fort Shaw to its system after proposals by the Sons and Daughters of Montana Pioneers in 1936 and 1938. However, after conducting a study, officials determined the site was "not of national significance." Fort Shaw is part of the Fort Shaw Historic District and Cemetery, which was

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board on which is text describing Fort Shaw and some of its history. The sign hangs on short chains from a redwood crossbar which itself is mortar-joined and bolted to upright redwood posts. The posts are set in a stone and mortar based about 2 feet (0.61 m) high. The painted sign was replaced

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was a Model Indian School. The girls would live and take classes at the school, and twice a week would hold intra-squad exhibitions. The girls also agreed to take on all challengers. The girls departed from Fort Shaw on June 1, 1904. The 11 girls defeated every single team they played over the next

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Students at Fort Shaw usually spent their first two years at the school learning English and "white" cultural norms. Children were grouped in grades according to their skill levels, which meant that both very young children and young adults could be found in the same class. Students advanced to the

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took command of Fort Shaw on June 4, 1869. A steam engine (whether a second one or a replacement is unclear) was brought to the fort in 1869. Excessive drinking and desertion by his troops were a constant problem. General Trobriand and the 13th Infantry Regiment left Fort Shaw on June 11, 1870. His

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rifles, which greatly increased its effectiveness. About 33 civilians were employed at the fort as well, working as blacksmiths, carpenters, clerks, masons, and saddlers. One of Colonel Reeves' first actions was to disarm the Montana Militia, a short-lived paramilitary organization formed by Acting

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storehouse (90 by 90 feet (27 by 27 m)), which in its interior included a commissary officer's office (16 by 14 feet (4.9 by 4.3 m)); a company clerk's office (13 by 14 feet (4.0 by 4.3 m)); a room for issuing stores (30 by 15 feet (9.1 by 4.6 m)); two storerooms (27 by 30 feet

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visited the school in 1901, at which time it had 30 administrators and teachers and 316 students. A girls' basketball team was organized at Fort Shaw School in 1902. Campbell became the girls' basketball coach. The girls' team began interscholastic play in November 1902 (defeating Butte Parochial

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Gibbon worked to improve living conditions at Fort Shaw. He improved the roofing of the barracks buildings, had the exterior walls of all buildings plastered, expanded the storehouses, and expanded and improved the corrals and stables. Irrigation for the fort's vegetable garden was completed, and

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bricks 6 by 4 by 12 inches (15 by 10 by 30 cm) in size. Exterior walls were 18 inches (46 cm) thick, while interior walls were 12 inches (30 cm) thick. The interior walls of the seven officers' quarters were finished in white plaster, and had glass windows set in white-painted wood

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accomplished little in March 1876, General Sheridan decided on a three-pronged attack to occur in southwestern Montana in the summer of 1876. Colonel Gibbon was ordered to form a "Montana Column" from elements of at Fort Shaw and Fort Ellis, and to march south across the plains to ensure that no

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tribes of neighboring Idaho, Washington, and Wyoming. Most students had a white father and Native American mother, and another many were there voluntarily a large number had been forcibly taken from their parents by government agents and forced to attend the "white" school against their wishes.

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By the 1880s, the United States government undertook a major initiative to pacify Native American tribes through nonviolent means. A key element in this effort was the creation of boarding schools. These schools, sometimes on reservations but just as often not, were originally run by religious

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next grade based on achievement, and there was no social stigma for students who stayed for a two or more years in the same grade. Fort Shaw's curriculum ended at the eighth grade, but students in their late teens (indeed, some as old as 25 years of age) could be found studying there.

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groups. By the 1890s, however, the schools had been largely secularized and were being run by government employees and government-employed teachers. The goal of Indian boarding schools was two-fold: First, to strip Native American children of their language and culture, teach them the

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room (18 by 40 feet (5.5 by 12.2 m)), kitchen (18 by 18 feet (5.5 by 5.5 m)), laundry (15 by 15 feet (4.6 by 4.6 m)), and sleeping quarters/recreation room (20 by 30 feet (6.1 by 9.1 m)). Roofs were boards at first, but shingled as shingles became available.

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companies assigned to maintain each plot. In 1871, he obtained a plow for tilling the garden. He also worked to expand the fort's civilian workforce, adding carpenters, masons, and sawmill operators. Desertion and theft of fort supplies, both major problems, were also reduced.

272:, in the United States. It was founded on June 30, 1867, and abandoned by the Army in July 1891. It later served as a school for Native American children from 1892 to 1910. Portions of the fort survive today as a small museum. The fort lent its name to the community of 913:

on April 30, 1892. The Interior Department turned over 4,999.5 acres (20 km) to the Fort Peck Indian school on June 6, 1903. Another 4,364 acres (18 km) were turned over to the school for agricultural purposes on July 6, 1905. On July 22, 1905, President

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Life at Fort Shaw was increasingly peaceful. Company E of the 3rd Infantry was sent from Fort Shaw to Fort Ellis in the spring of 1879, and it was followed by Company C in the summer. (They stayed there until Fort Ellis closed in 1886, and then were transferred to

850:. There were six companies in the 3rd Infantry. Company A was assigned to Fort Benton. Companies C, E, F, and G were assigned to Fort Shaw. Company K was assigned to Fort Logan (the former Camp Baker). Companies B, D, H and I were assigned to Fort Missoula. 602:

Major William Clinton's command of Fort Shaw was only temporary. On August 11, 1867, Colonel I. V. D. Reeves transferred the 13th Infantry Regiment's headquarters to Fort Shaw. Lieutenant Colonel G. L. Andrews was regimental second-in-command, and named

873:, took up station at Fort Shaw in May 1888 in its stead. By this time, Fort Shaw was no longer seen as a key fort in the Army's chain of military posts across Montana. Colonel Andrews, his headquarters company, and two companies of infantry resided at 431:

officers' quarters (15 by 15 feet (4.6 by 4.6 m)), each including a front room, back room, kitchen, servants' room, garret room, and a shared single mess room. A chapel, post school, library, bakery, ordnance (weapons and ammunition) room,

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The commanding officers at Fort Shaw changed over time. Not all officers were present even when assigned to the fort, as they often traveled with their troops or moved among the various forts, camps, and settlements under their jurisdiction.

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from Fort Ellis and two companies of infantry from Fort Shaw and attack Mountain Chief's band of Piegans. Baker attacked the Piegans on the morning of January 23, 1870. Unfortunately, he attacked the wrong band: The Piegans were led by

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were often hunted for food, but were scarce in the area and not relied on heavily for food. Nearby ranches supplied the post with vegetables, albeit at very high prices. Flour was usually shipped in from the east, as the Montana-grown

767:, where he was to rendezvous with Gibbon and Terry—who were to proceed west along the Yellowstone to the Bighorn, and then south along the Bighorn to meet Custer. Subsequently, Gibbon's Fort Shaw soldiers did not participate in the 466:, which was two-thirds of the way up the valley to the west, and was about 40 feet (12 m) above the river. The river was shallow and easily forded almost anywhere along its length, except during the spring freshets. 846:. Brooke was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on March 20, 1879, and assigned to the 13th Infantry Regiment (then in the Dakotas). But undisclosed personnel issues kept Brooke at Fort Shaw. He was joined by Colonel 652:) to provide better communications with that post and to better monitor the movements of Native American groups and bands. This so improved security in the area that Gibbon counseled against the construction of a 377:. The post's name was changed on August 1, 1867. Initially, Fort Shaw was to have had barracks space for six companies of infantry, but this was scaled back to four companies after the U.S. Army decided to build 1000:

Dr. Winslow resigned his position on September 9, 1898, and Frederick C. Campbell became Fort Shaw School's superintendent. At that time, the school had 300 students from every tribe in Montana as well as the

934:, and instill in them the values and cultural ways of white Americans; and second, to teach them academic subjects, vocational trades, and other skills that were valued by white American business and society. 307:, it was not until large numbers of farmers, miners, and fur trappers began moving into the region in the 1850s that the government of the United States paid much attention to the area. The creation of the 771:

on June 25–26, during which most of Custer's command was famously wiped out. Gibbon entered the valley of the Little Bighorn on June 27, where the Fort Shaw soldiers assisted in burying the dead.

692:, a Piegan Blackfeet who had signed a peace agreement with the United States. When Heavy Runner rushed out of his camp with his peace treaty in hand, he was shot dead. In what became known as the 3087: 794:

on June 17, 1877, a force of about 80 Nez Perce warriors defeated a unit of 200 of Howard's artillery, cavalry, and infantry. More than 800 Nez Perce men, women, and children tried to flee over

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Following the winding Sun River, the site was 25 miles (40 km) upstream, but far less in a straight line. Many sources often use the longer, stream-side figure, which can cause confusion.

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celebrations occurred in Great Falls. Soldiers from Fort Shaw became roaring drunk during the day, and fired several cannonballs down Central Avenue (the city's main street) around midnight.

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at Camp Baker because it would send a signal to whites that the area was still not free from Native American attack. Gibbon also used his troops to scout out the little-explored area of the

607:, overseeing the operations of the fort itself. During their tenure at the fort, a steam engine was brought in to pump water from the river to the kitchens and sinks. The unit also received 3092: 1079:

Today, most of the existing buildings and grounds of Fort Shaw, with the exception of the school and playground are under a long-term lease by the Sun River Valley Historical Society.

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occurred in 1875 and 1876 in which thousands of white miners and settlers flooded the area in violation of several treaties guaranteeing that the Black Hills would belong to the

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and some distance from the fort remnants. Today there are some buildings from the old days of the fort and one serves as a historical museum that's only open during the summer.

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ordered all remaining Nez Perce onto a reservation with 30 days. Several young Native Americans killed some white settlers, leading to a reprisal by General Howard. Yet, in the

385:. Fort Shaw, along with Fort Ellis, was one of two principal U.S. Army forts intended to protect the burgeoning mining settlements of south-central and southwest Montana. 469:

Food was largely imported. A limited supply of fish was obtained from the Sun River, which at that time was a clear, swift-running stream with a stony bottom. Wild game (

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raids between 1865 and 1869 left several whites dead. In mid-1869, two innocent Piegan Blackfeet were killed in retaliation in broad daylight in the town of

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into Montana to seek help from other tribes, which deeply alarmed whites in the Montana Territory. A hundred Nez Perce held off 500 U.S. Army troops at the

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After its closure as an Indian school, Fort Shaw was turned over to the Fort Shaw Public School District, and the buildings were used as a public school.

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and painted white in the 1940s. It is one of the original historic highway markers erected by the state, and is one in the best condition as of 2008.

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the authority to dispose of all the land of the former Fort Shaw Military Reservation, holding in reserve those acres in use by the Indian school.

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The area around Fort Shaw was a hotbed of conflict between Native Americans and white settlers in the late 1860s. A series of Piegan Blackfeet and

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By 1899, the school had 50 dairy cows and 500 head of cattle, with the goal of increasing the dairy herd to 100 and the beef cattle to 1,500 head.

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Fort Shaw was constructed around a square parade ground 400 feet (120 m) on each side. The interior and exterior building walls were made of

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killed four white settlers nearby (one almost on the doorstep of the mission). The first Blackfeet Indian Agency office, established in 1854 by

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In April 1888, Colonel Brooke was promoted to brigadier general, and the 3rd Infantry transferred to forts in the Dakotas and Minnesota. The

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In 1936, the state of Montana erected a historic marker at the site of Fort Shaw. The marker consists of a 5 by 6 feet (1.5 by 1.8 m)

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into the Big Hole Basin to stop them. On August 9, Gibbon attacked with his infantry and artillery at dawn. But the Nez Perce captured his

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Fuel was scarce. Wood grew only sparsely in the valley, and the post imported wood logs for fuel and construction at the cost of $ 10 per

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in 1864 came about, in part, due to the rapid influx of miners after the gold strikes of 1862 to 1864 in the southwest part of the state.

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Military officials believed this was in part due to the quality of the wheat grown, and the low quality of the flour mills in Montana.

786:. But increasing white settlement in the area led to calls to have the Native Americans placed on a reservation. In May 1877, General 910: 419: 103: 2637:"Lieutenant James H. Bradley's Journal of the Campaign Against the Hostile Sioux in 1876 Under the Command of General John Gibbon" 905:

By 1892, the Fort Shaw military reservation totaled 29,841.5 acres (121 km). Ownership of Fort Shaw was transferred from the

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Camp Reynolds was established on the site on June 30, 1867. The camp was established by Major William Clinton, in command of four

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on July 11–12. Colonel Gibbon hastily assembled a force of about 200 artillery, cavalry, and infantry and proceeded up the

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Campbell noted in 1901 that only 17 percent of Fort Shaw's students had parents who were both full-blood Native Americans.

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added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985. A portion of the fort remains standing as of 2009.

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Fort Shaw was so well laid out and so beautifully constructed that it was called the "queen of Montana's military posts".

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in 1864 and supplied with arms by the U.S. Army. Reeves acted quickly, and the militia was disbanded by October 1, 1867.

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regularly killed hundreds of Native Americans in the area each year, few members of the Army came down with the disease.

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Forts of the West: Military Forts and Presidios, and Posts Commonly Called Forts, West of the Mississippi River to 1898

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Gibbon also worked to improve security in the area. He began surveying and constructing a road between Fort Shaw and

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pipes often became clogged or froze in winter. Below-ground wooden pipes were laid in 1885 to rectify the problem.

1034:. (Fort Shaw lost to Butte Parochial, 15-to-6.) In 1903, the team twice defeated the women's basketball team from 1072:

was revived when it became the name of a station and later a small town on the Vaughn-Augusta branch line of the

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Soldiers at Fort Shaw participated in another famous Indian battle in 1877. For many years, several bands of the

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Annual Reports of the Department of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1899. Indian Affairs, Part 1

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was located 0.5 miles (800 m) west of the post, and a vegetable garden about 1 mile (1,600 m) east.

1343: 1073: 1042: 795: 722:. Conflict between Native Americans and white settlers broke out. Responding to pleas from whites, President 938: 768: 342:(Governor of the Washington Territory), was also nearby. The 13th Infantry Regiment previously established 1342:. He is believed to be the first Blackfeet wood sculptor, and his work allegedly inspired the logo of the 1030:

High School), and on January 15, 1903, played the very first basketball game (men's or women's) in nearby

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suffered severe fires in November 1891 and the fall of 1892. The school was modeled on Indian schools in

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The Army of the United States: Historical Sketches of Staff and Line With Portraits of Generals-in-Chief

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Fort Shaw was not an isolated post. Mail was delivered three times a week, the fort served as a

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crossed the river. It was also about 12 miles (19 km) upstream from the site of the former

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had to be imported from elsewhere in Montana, primarily the Missouri River valley to the east.

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Forage for animals was also an issue. Since the strong drainage inhibited the growth of grass,

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In 1904, school superintendent Fred Campbell agreed to send his girls' basketball team to the

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The military reservation extended along the length of the Sun River Valley from present-day

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Miller, David; Smith, Dennis; McGeshick, Joseph R.; Shanley, James; Shields, Caleb (2008).

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of the Nez Perce and Colonel John Gibbon meet at the Big Hole National Battlefield in 1889.

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issued orders to have the name of the encampment changed to Fort Shaw in honor of Colonel

8: 1335: 1235: 1046: 506: 304: 2927:"World Champions: The 1904 Girls' Basketball Team From Fort Shaw Indian Boarding School" 2585:

The Railroad and the State: War, Politics, and Technology in Nineteenth-Century America

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The Fort Shaw school came into existence after the government boarding school on the

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Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior

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Colonel Phillipe Régis de Trobriand, about the time he commanded Fort Shaw in 1869.

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Sherris, Arieh (Ari); Pete, Tachini; Thompson, Lynn E.; Haynes, Erin Lynn (2013).

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valley, about 30 miles (48 km) away, and used for both heating and cooking.

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Principal Gold-Producing Districts of the United States (Professional Paper 610)

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open and prohibit further Native American attacks on settlements to the south.

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Fletcher, Robert H.; Bradshaw, Glenda Clay; Axline, Jon; Shope, Irvin (2008).

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in 1863. The rest of the state was ceded from the Louisiana Territory to the

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rivers. It was about 5 miles (8.0 km) upstream from the point where the

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Most of what was to become Montana became part of the United States with the

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Just five years later, in 1874, gold was discovered by the U.S. Army in the

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The Last Stand: Custer, Sitting Bull, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn

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Montana Battlefields, 1806–1877: Native Americans and the U.S. Army at War

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continued until August 10, as the Nez Perce pinned Gibbon's men down in a

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Montana Territory and the Civil War: A Frontier Forged on the Battlefield

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Lieutenant Colonel George Leonard Andrews (commanding from Fort Missoula)

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Custer's Last Campaign: Mitch Boyer and the Little Bighorn Reconstructed

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A Report on Barracks and Hospitals, With Descriptions of Military Posts

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unit was replaced by the headquarters company and six companies of the

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The History of the Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes, 1800–2000

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Profiles in Folly: History's Worst Decisions and Why They Went Wrong

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A number of other buildings were also constructed. These included a

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Keeping Languages Alive: Documentation, Pedagogy and Revitalization

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and Nez Perce sharpshooters killed 30 of his men and officers. The

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This article is about the army fort. For the designated place, see

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The Fort Shaw Indian school closed in 1910 due to low attendance.

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Malone, Michael P.; Roeder, Richard B.; Lang, William L. (1991).

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Partially demolished; Surviving structures in excellent condition

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decided to clear the Black Hills of all native people. After an

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National Register of Historic Places in Cascade County, Montana

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five months, earning themselves the title "world champions".

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Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana

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Rodenbough, Theophilus F.; Haskin, William L., eds. (1896).

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Among the school's more notable graduates was John Clarke (

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Command of Colonel Gibbon and fighting in the Indian Wars

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in July 1866, and Camp Reynolds was intended to keep the

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ordered Major Eugene Baker to take two companies of the

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in 1861, and then ceded to the Idaho Territory in 1863.

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Bad Boys of the Black Hills: And Some Wild Women, Too

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In the summer of 1878, the 7th Infantry was moved to

2878:. Friends of the Historical Museum at Fort Missoula. 2858:. Washington, D.C.: United States Geological Survey. 2679:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2666:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2174: 1534: 1499: 2753:. Helena, Mont.: Montana Historical Society Press. 2541:Dilsaver, Lary M.; Wyckoff, William (Autumn 2009). 2510: 2037: 2025: 1461: 566:(particularly in the spring) were common. Although 334:, which had been evacuated in April 1866 after the 3047:. In Jones, Mari C.; Jones, Sarah Ogilvie (eds.). 2851: 2641:Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana 2162: 1986: 1438: 1103:Lieutenant Colonel G. L. Andrews (post commandant) 743:Native American tribes moved north or west of the 3079: 3031: 2910:. Helena, MT: Montana Historical Society Press. 2882: 2204: 2192: 2156: 2144: 2115: 2103: 2091: 2019: 2004: 1980: 1803: 1584: 1045:(better known as the St. Louis World's Fair) in 3128:Educational institutions disestablished in 1910 2933:. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press. 2816:. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press. 2795:. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press. 2774:. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press. 2630:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2588:. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. 2540: 1482:"Remembering Our Civil War Heritage and Heroes" 1296:The cost would be $ 32,700,000 in 2023 dollars. 1260:Shingling was not completed until roughly 1896. 1189:The northwest portion of the state west of the 838:, and Fort Shaw became the headquarters of the 2931:Native Athletes in Sport and Society: A Reader 2673:"Reports of Superintendents of Bonded Schools" 2623: 2543:"Failed National Parks in the Last Best Place" 1762: 1743: 1731: 1697: 1668: 1653: 1609: 1455: 896:Ft. Shaw Band under Matthew Flyn, an Army man. 371:54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry 3051:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1318:, Not Talking), a Piegan Blackfeet sculptor. 1287:The telegraph was installed by December 1869. 1278:This is about $ 229 per cord in 2023 dollars. 3113:Educational institutions established in 1892 1213:in 1854, from the Nebraska Territory to the 1209:in 1812, from the Missouri Territory to the 2889:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 2830: 2339: 581:office for both civilian and military use. 388: 3103:Buildings and structures completed in 1867 2924: 2624:Billings, John S.; Mackall, Louis (1870). 2465: 2453: 2441: 2429: 2417: 2402: 2390: 2375: 2363: 2351: 2312: 2297: 2285: 2270: 2243: 1714: 1641: 1242:and was killed at the start of the battle. 1146: 900: 2947: 2852:Koschman, A.M.; Bergendahl, M.H. (1968). 2609:. New york: Sterling Publishing Company. 2079: 529:about 20 miles (32 km) to the west. 514:produced bread which was dark and heavy. 209:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 3098:1867 establishments in Montana Territory 3010: 2975:. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing. 2670: 2647:. Historical Society of Montana: 140–228 2581: 2534: 2492: 2327: 2055: 1968: 1953: 1941: 1926: 1902: 1890: 1875: 1863: 1839: 1827: 1815: 1786: 1774: 1685: 1624: 1569: 911:United States Department of the Interior 891: 698: 593: 577:for the local populace, and there was a 301:organized into an incorporated territory 281:Fort Shaw Historic District and Cemetery 201:Fort Shaw Historic District and Cemetery 104:United States Department of the Interior 2996:. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press. 2989: 2968: 2634: 2602: 2547:Montana The Magazine of Western History 2180: 2127: 2067: 1914: 1851: 1197:in 1848. This portion was ceded to the 3080: 2862: 2809: 2767: 1557: 1545: 1528: 1516: 1467: 1121:1878–1888 — 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment 1082: 584: 2876:The Military History of Fort Missoula 2725: 2704: 2516: 2031: 1992: 2925:Peavy, Linda; Smith, Ursula (2005). 2873: 2788: 2750:Montana's Historical Highway Markers 2468:, pp. 42, 45, 49–50, 55–56, 58. 2168: 2043: 1139:Lieutenant Colonel James J. Van Horn 369:officer who commanded the all-black 359:United States Department of the Army 290: 285:National Register of Historic Places 3017:. Helena, Mont.: Sweetgrass Books. 2886:Montana: A History of Two Centuries 2732:. Helena, Mont.: Farcountry Press. 2711:. Helena, Mont.: Farcountry Press. 1480:Robison, Ken (September 24, 2011). 1097:General Phillipe Régis de Trobriand 829: 589: 453: 13: 3123:Museums in Cascade County, Montana 3108:Schools in Cascade County, Montana 2869:. Chicago: Warner, Beers & Co. 1134:1888–1891 — 25th Infantry Regiment 1092:1867–1870 — 13th Infantry Regiment 1061:Ownership by the town of Fort Shaw 14: 3139: 3066: 3014:The U.S. Army in Frontier Montana 2684:Federal Writers' Project (1949). 2660:Bureau of Indian Affairs (1902). 1111:1870–1878 — 7th Infantry Regiment 1380:Belle Johnson (Piegan Blackfeet) 1129:Lieutenant Colonel George Gibsin 2671:Campbell, Frederick C. (1899). 2575: 1358: 1349: 1308: 1299: 1290: 1281: 1272: 1263: 1254: 1156:with one in which the text was 907:United States Department of War 887: 869:, under the command of Colonel 536:was obtained from mines in the 3118:1892 establishments in Montana 2972:Cascade County and Great Falls 2205:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 2116:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 2104:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 2092:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 2020:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 2005:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 1981:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 1585:Malone, Roeder & Lang 1991 1473: 1439:Koschman & Bergendahl 1968 1417:Rose LaRose (Shoshone/Bannock) 1383:Genevieve Butch (Assinniboine) 1364:The members of the team were: 1245: 1220: 1183: 229: 1: 3038:. New York: Maynard, Merrill. 2948:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2010). 2929:. In King, C. Richard (ed.). 2866:History of Montana, 1739–1885 2505:Federal Writers' Project 1949 2229:Bureau of Indian Affairs 1902 2217:Bureau of Indian Affairs 1902 1373:Sarah Mitchell (Assinniboine/ 1322:at the age of two left him a 1171: 1043:Louisiana Purchase Exposition 842:under the command of Colonel 3011:Rockwell, Ronald V. (2009). 2690:. New York: Hastings House. 2582:Angevine, Robert G. (2004). 2193:Rodenbough & Haskin 1896 2157:Rodenbough & Haskin 1896 2145:Rodenbough & Haskin 1896 1804:Rodenbough & Haskin 1896 1414:Flora Lucero (Chippewa/Cree) 1036:Montana Agricultural College 939:Fort Peck Indian Reservation 769:Battle of the Little Bighorn 525:) from the foothills of the 190:United States historic place 7: 2863:Leeson, Michael A. (1885). 2831:Hungry Wolf, Adolf (2006). 2813:Mission Among the Blackfeet 2687:Montana: A State Guide Book 1370:Nettie Wirth (Assinniboine) 1367:Lizzie Wirth (Assinniboine) 792:Battle of White Bird Canyon 778:lived in the valley of the 621:Phillipe Régis de Trobriand 276:, which grew up around it. 10: 3144: 2810:Harrod, Howard L. (1971). 2768:Frazer, Robert W. (1965). 2726:Fifer, Barbara C. (2008). 2705:Fifer, Barbara C. (2005). 2635:Bradley, James H. (1896). 1763:Billings & Mackal 1870 1744:Billings & Mackal 1870 1732:Billings & Mackal 1870 1698:Billings & Mackal 1870 1669:Billings & Mackal 1870 1654:Billings & Mackal 1870 1610:Billings & Mackal 1870 1456:Billings & Mackal 1870 1400:Katie Snell (Assinniboine) 840:3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment 177:3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment 15: 2874:Long, Wallace J. (1983). 1201:in 1853, and then to the 924:Secretary of the Interior 730:against a combined Sioux- 283:, which was added to the 279:Fort Shaw is part of the 240: 228:NRHP reference 227: 219: 215: 206: 199: 195: 162: 157: 147: 132: 127: 119: 109: 99: 91: 86: 40: 30: 25: 1193:was incorporated as the 800:Battle of the Clearwater 389:Construction of the fort 299:of 1803. Although first 1226:The camp was named for 1147:Fort Shaw historic site 1100:Colonel I. V. D. Reeves 1074:Great Northern Railroad 901:Fort Shaw Indian school 848:Luther Prentice Bradley 757:George Armstrong Custer 628:, commanded by Colonel 605:headquarters commandant 303:in 1805 as part of the 33:Cascade County, Montana 2789:Gray, John S. (1991). 2603:Axelrod, Alan (2008). 2466:Peavy & Smith 2005 2454:Peavy & Smith 2005 2442:Peavy & Smith 2005 2430:Peavy & Smith 2005 2418:Peavy & Smith 2005 2403:Peavy & Smith 2005 2391:Peavy & Smith 2005 2376:Peavy & Smith 2005 2364:Peavy & Smith 2005 2352:Peavy & Smith 2005 2313:Peavy & Smith 2005 2298:Peavy & Smith 2005 2286:Peavy & Smith 2005 2271:Peavy & Smith 2005 2244:Peavy & Smith 2005 1715:Peavy & Smith 2005 1642:Peavy & Smith 2005 1344:Great Northern Railway 1126:Colonel John R. Brooke 943:Carlisle, Pennsylvania 897: 871:George Lippitt Andrews 867:25th Infantry Regiment 812:Battle of the Big Hole 707: 614:Thomas Francis Meagher 599: 346:near the mouth of the 320:13th Infantry Regiment 182:25th Infantry Regiment 167:13th Infantry Regiment 63:47.50889°N 111.82000°W 2990:Robison, Ken (2013). 2969:Robison, Ken (2011). 1338:, and Western artist 1165:National Park Service 1106:Major William Clinton 895: 836:Saint Paul, Minnesota 702: 650:White Sulphur Springs 626:7th Infantry Regiment 597: 357:On July 4, 1867, the 287:on January 11, 1985. 172:7th Infantry Regiment 2954:. New York: Viking. 2834:The Blackfoot Papers 2529:Fletcher et al. 2008 1403:Emma Rose Sansaver ( 1328:Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1240:Battle of Gettysburg 1234:, who committed the 1199:Washington Territory 1032:Great Falls, Montana 981:). Boys were taught 880:The construction of 761:Little Bighorn River 673:Fort Benton, Montana 662:Lewis and Clark Pass 658:Rocky Mountain Front 554:Disease was common. 270:Great Falls, Montana 158:Garrison information 68:47.50889; -111.82000 2478:Sherris et al. 2013 2094:, pp. 135–136. 2082:, pp. 255–256. 2022:, pp. 128–129. 1983:, pp. 119–120. 1866:, pp. 138–139. 1700:, pp. 414–415. 1486:Great Falls Tribune 1336:John D. Rockefeller 1236:Army of the Potomac 1116:Colonel John Gibbon 1083:Commanding officers 1047:St. Louis, Missouri 685:2d Cavalry Regiment 585:History of the fort 332:St. Peter's Mission 305:Louisiana Territory 58: / 3073:Fort Shaw Web site 2256:Miller et al. 2008 1340:Charles M. Russell 1211:Nebraska Territory 1207:Missouri Territory 1191:continental divide 916:Theodore Roosevelt 898: 820:Battle of Bear Paw 714:of the Dakotas. A 708: 648:(near present-day 600: 375:American Civil War 297:Louisiana Purchase 274:Fort Shaw, Montana 259:United States Army 253:(originally named 152:United States Army 100:Controlled by 18:Fort Shaw, Montana 1560:, pp. 53–55. 1531:, pp. 83–84. 1393:Genevieve Healy ( 1332:Warren G. Harding 951:Newkirk, Oklahoma 882:Fort Assinniboine 745:Yellowstone River 487:white-tailed deer 475:black-tailed deer 381:near present-day 363:Robert Gould Shaw 309:Montana Territory 291:Founding the fort 268:24 miles west of 248: 247: 188: 187: 3135: 3062: 3039: 3028: 3007: 2986: 2965: 2944: 2921: 2900: 2879: 2870: 2859: 2848: 2827: 2806: 2785: 2764: 2743: 2722: 2701: 2680: 2667: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2631: 2620: 2599: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2406: 2405:, p. 51-52. 2400: 2394: 2388: 2379: 2378:, p. 45-47. 2373: 2367: 2366:, p. 70-71. 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2340:Hungry Wolf 2006 2337: 2331: 2325: 2316: 2315:, p. 47-48. 2310: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2274: 2268: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2232: 2231:, p. 55-56. 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1718: 1712: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1683: 1672: 1666: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1628: 1622: 1613: 1607: 1588: 1582: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1477: 1471: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1442: 1436: 1420: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1347: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1243: 1232:John F. Reynolds 1224: 1218: 1215:Dakota Territory 1195:Oregon Territory 1187: 957:, and engage in 947:Lawrence, Kansas 932:English language 860:Independence Day 830:Later commanders 824:Chinook, Montana 804:Bitterroot River 788:Oliver O. Howard 776:Nez Perce people 724:Ulysses S. Grant 590:Early leadership 454:Life at the fort 383:Bozeman, Montana 336:Piegan Blackfeet 244:January 11, 1985 231: 223:July–August 1867 193: 192: 143: 141: 87:Site information 82: 81: 79: 78: 77: 75: 70: 69: 64: 59: 56: 55: 54: 51: 36: 35:, United States 23: 22: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3059: 3025: 3004: 2983: 2962: 2941: 2918: 2897: 2845: 2824: 2803: 2782: 2761: 2740: 2719: 2698: 2650: 2648: 2617: 2596: 2578: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2503: 2499: 2491: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2346: 2342:, p. 1042. 2338: 2334: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2262: 2258:, pp. 162. 2254: 2250: 2242: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2207:, pp. 141. 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2163: 2155: 2151: 2143: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2118:, pp. 139. 2114: 2110: 2106:, pp. 136. 2102: 2098: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2011: 2003: 1999: 1991: 1987: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1933: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1901: 1897: 1889: 1882: 1874: 1870: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1846: 1842:, pp. 139. 1838: 1834: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1721: 1713: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1675: 1667: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1631: 1623: 1616: 1608: 1591: 1583: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1552: 1544: 1535: 1527: 1523: 1515: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1445: 1437: 1433: 1424: 1423: 1386:Minnie Burton ( 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1246: 1225: 1221: 1203:Idaho Territory 1188: 1184: 1174: 1149: 1085: 1063: 920:executive order 903: 890: 832: 734:village on the 694:Marias Massacre 681:Philip Sheridan 638: 592: 587: 527:Rocky Mountains 499:prairie chicken 460:Vaughn, Montana 456: 436:, water tanks, 391: 293: 264:located on the 211: 202: 191: 180: 175: 170: 139: 137: 112:the public 111: 73: 71: 67: 65: 61: 60: 57: 52: 49: 47: 45: 44: 31: 21: 12: 11: 5: 3141: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3067:External links 3065: 3064: 3063: 3057: 3040: 3029: 3023: 3008: 3002: 2987: 2981: 2966: 2960: 2945: 2939: 2922: 2916: 2901: 2895: 2880: 2871: 2860: 2849: 2843: 2828: 2822: 2807: 2801: 2786: 2780: 2765: 2759: 2744: 2738: 2723: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2681: 2668: 2657: 2632: 2621: 2615: 2600: 2594: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2533: 2531:, p. 115. 2521: 2509: 2507:, p. 268. 2497: 2495:, p. 488. 2482: 2480:, p. 157. 2470: 2458: 2446: 2434: 2422: 2407: 2395: 2380: 2368: 2356: 2344: 2332: 2330:, p. 404. 2317: 2302: 2290: 2275: 2260: 2248: 2233: 2221: 2209: 2197: 2195:, p. 699. 2185: 2173: 2161: 2159:, p. 449. 2149: 2147:, p. 450. 2132: 2130:, p. 123. 2120: 2108: 2096: 2084: 2080:Philbrick 2010 2072: 2060: 2058:, p. 207. 2048: 2046:, p. 135. 2036: 2024: 2009: 2007:, p. 128. 1997: 1985: 1973: 1971:, p. 239. 1958: 1956:, p. 235. 1946: 1944:, p. 237. 1931: 1929:, p. 231. 1919: 1917:, p. 151. 1907: 1905:, p. 229. 1895: 1893:, p. 165. 1880: 1878:, p. 161. 1868: 1856: 1854:, p. 124. 1844: 1832: 1830:, p. 117. 1820: 1818:, p. 116. 1808: 1806:, p. 580. 1791: 1789:, p. 166. 1779: 1777:, p. 127. 1767: 1765:, p. 411. 1748: 1746:, p. 412. 1736: 1734:, p. 416. 1719: 1702: 1690: 1688:, p. 234. 1673: 1671:, p. 415. 1658: 1656:, p. 414. 1646: 1629: 1627:, p. 115. 1614: 1612:, p. 410. 1589: 1587:, p. 119. 1574: 1562: 1550: 1533: 1521: 1519:, p. 200. 1498: 1472: 1460: 1458:, p. 409. 1443: 1441:, p. 143. 1430: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1401: 1398: 1391: 1388:Lemhi Shoshone 1384: 1381: 1378: 1371: 1368: 1357: 1348: 1334:, billionaire 1307: 1298: 1289: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1253: 1244: 1230:Major General 1219: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1170: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1118: 1117: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1084: 1081: 1062: 1059: 902: 899: 889: 886: 844:John R. Brooke 831: 828: 677:Mountain Chief 637: 634: 609:breech-loading 591: 588: 586: 583: 538:Dearborn River 455: 452: 390: 387: 292: 289: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 232: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 204: 203: 200: 197: 196: 189: 186: 185: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 134: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 113: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 84: 83: 42: 38: 37: 28: 27: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3140: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3060: 3058:9781107029064 3054: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3024:9781591520658 3020: 3016: 3015: 3009: 3005: 3003:9781626191754 2999: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2984: 2982:9780738581927 2978: 2974: 2973: 2967: 2963: 2961:9780670021727 2957: 2953: 2952: 2946: 2942: 2940:9780803227538 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2917:9780975919651 2913: 2909: 2908: 2902: 2898: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2861: 2857: 2856: 2850: 2846: 2844:9780920698808 2840: 2836: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2808: 2804: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2760:9780972152235 2756: 2752: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2739:9781560374350 2735: 2731: 2730: 2724: 2720: 2718:9781560373094 2714: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2699: 2697:9780403021765 2693: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2618: 2616:9781402747687 2612: 2608: 2607: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2519:, p. 56. 2518: 2513: 2506: 2501: 2494: 2493:Rockwell 2009 2489: 2487: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2456:, p. 42. 2455: 2450: 2444:, p. 59. 2443: 2438: 2432:, p. 57. 2431: 2426: 2420:, p. 52. 2419: 2414: 2412: 2404: 2399: 2393:, p. 40. 2392: 2387: 2385: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2360: 2354:, p. 51. 2353: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2328:Campbell 1899 2324: 2322: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2300:, p. 44. 2299: 2294: 2288:, p. 69. 2287: 2282: 2280: 2273:, p. 41. 2272: 2267: 2265: 2257: 2252: 2246:, p. 43. 2245: 2240: 2238: 2230: 2225: 2219:, p. 55. 2218: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2189: 2182: 2177: 2171:, p. 29. 2170: 2165: 2158: 2153: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2129: 2124: 2117: 2112: 2105: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2070:, p. 13. 2069: 2064: 2057: 2056:Angevine 2004 2052: 2045: 2040: 2034:, p. 57. 2033: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2001: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1970: 1969:Rockwell 2009 1965: 1963: 1955: 1954:Rockwell 2009 1950: 1943: 1942:Rockwell 2009 1938: 1936: 1928: 1927:Rockwell 2009 1923: 1916: 1911: 1904: 1903:Rockwell 2009 1899: 1892: 1891:Rockwell 2009 1887: 1885: 1877: 1876:Rockwell 2009 1872: 1865: 1864:Rockwell 2009 1860: 1853: 1848: 1841: 1840:Rockwell 2009 1836: 1829: 1828:Rockwell 2009 1824: 1817: 1816:Rockwell 2009 1812: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1787:Rockwell 2009 1783: 1776: 1775:Rockwell 2009 1771: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1717:, p. 47. 1716: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1687: 1686:Rockwell 2009 1682: 1680: 1678: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1655: 1650: 1644:, p. 48. 1643: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1626: 1625:Rockwell 2009 1621: 1619: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1572:, p. 69. 1571: 1570:Rockwell 2009 1566: 1559: 1554: 1548:, p. 84. 1547: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1518: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1487: 1483: 1476: 1470:, p. 83. 1469: 1464: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1352: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:Scarlet fever 1317: 1311: 1302: 1293: 1284: 1275: 1266: 1257: 1248: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1154: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 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