45:
25:
1595:
641:
1649:
119:
is the most common type of foul. It results from personal contact between two opposing players. Basketball features constant motion, and contact between opposing players is unavoidable, but significant contact that is the fault of illegal conduct by one opponent is a foul against that player. Most
93:. The penalty imposes a cost on violating the rules but does not disparage the player committing the foul. A player intending never to commit a foul might play so cautiously as to be ineffective. More serious fouls are regarded as bad sportsmanship, and the penalties are designed to be disciplinary.
278:
footage to determine whether the call should be overturned. Originally, teams were only allowed one challenge per game regardless of whether the challenge was successful. However, beginning in the 2023-2024 season, teams are allowed one additional challenge if their first challenge is successful.
252:
The bonus (or penalty) situation occurs when one team accumulates a requisite number of fouls. When one team has committed the requisite number of fouls, each subsequent foul results in the opposing team's taking free throws regardless of the type of foul committed.
269:
introduced the "coach's challenge". Teams may only challenge personal foul calls on its own players, and out-of-bounds and goaltending/basket interference calls during the first 46 minutes of the game and first 3 minutes of overtime play. Teams must call a legal
188:
is a foul unrelated to physical contact during gameplay. The foul may be called on a player in the game, another player, a coach, or against the team in general. This class of foul applies to all of the following:
158:
is contact that is both unnecessary and excessive, and requires ejection. In 2019, the NCAA added more words to describe this scenario, including brutal, harsh or cruel or dangerous or punishing.
293:
On
October 1, 2022, FIBA published a revision of its official rules of basketball adding a "head coach challenge". Similar to the NBA and Euroleague, each coach is given one challenge per game.
967:
415:
69:. Most fouls occur as a result of illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior. Fouls can result in one or more of the following penalties:
364:
120:
personal fouls are called against a defensive player. A personal foul that is committed by a player of the team in possession of the ball is called an
1883:
912:
323:
161:
FIBA and NCAA women's competitions penalize excessive or unjustified contact between opponents. Their terms for the respective levels of foul are an
1638:
193:
Unsportsmanlike conduct outside the scope of the game, such as taunting, profanity, using offensive racial slurs, or conduct toward an official.
35:
196:
A personal foul committed by a player who has fouled out of the game but is readmitted to the game because of the lack of substitutes.
555:
218:
A variety of other situations. For example, in some competitions a home team can be assessed a technical foul due to fan misconduct.
222:
In some cases, the rules may call for the referee to give a warning rather than assess a technical foul on the first infraction.
234:
is any foul, but typically personal and flagrant fouls, by reference to the count of fouls charged against a given player. A
86:
Some of the penalties listed above are assessed only if a player or a team commits a number of fouls above a specified limit.
274:
to challenge a call, which will be returned if the challenge is successful. When a call is challenged, game officials review
146:
is violent player contact that the official believes is not a legitimate attempt to directly play the ball within the rules.
527:
499:
1631:
31:
473:
The NBA "officiating" page contains the entire rulebook (PDF) and summaries of misunderstood rules and recent changes.
1825:
1402:
702:
365:"NBA coach's challenge, explained: Per-game limits, rules that can (and can't) be challenged, overall success rate"
1853:
1909:
1624:
1397:
1914:
709:
440:
522:
96:
There are several classes of foul, each enumerated below and covered in greater detail in its own article.
89:
Ordinary fouls are routine because of the constant motion inherent in the sport and are not viewed as bad
1305:
917:
767:
537:
110:
467:
1833:
1873:
1858:
1838:
1573:
1443:
1310:
734:
588:
492:
1878:
1752:
1737:
1325:
938:
611:
606:
1772:
1757:
1742:
1557:
1497:
1467:
1247:
1194:
1065:
943:
744:
714:
686:
262:
66:
1810:
1805:
44:
1767:
1721:
1652:
1605:
1417:
962:
904:
724:
671:
666:
626:
621:
578:
565:
416:"EuroLeague and EuroCup coaches can challenge one official's call per game in 2021-22 season"
1868:
1800:
1795:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1407:
1290:
1257:
1219:
1104:
1044:
952:
808:
390:
199:
1815:
8:
1701:
1676:
1477:
1438:
1157:
957:
885:
719:
649:
485:
73:
The team whose player committed the foul loses possession of the ball to the other team.
1711:
1706:
1681:
1535:
1374:
1229:
988:
983:
933:
777:
697:
287:
247:
1599:
1540:
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1027:
1015:
676:
1848:
1843:
1507:
1492:
1482:
1354:
1267:
1126:
1002:
782:
391:"NBA approves in-game flopping penalty, expansion of Coach's Challenge for 2023-24"
271:
154:
as unnecessary contact, and two such penalties leads to ejection of the player. A
1671:
1578:
1502:
1315:
1242:
1032:
787:
82:
The player committing the foul is suspended from some number of subsequent games.
1010:
209:
Requesting a timeout when the team has already used their last allotted timeout.
50:
A Penn State player fouls a
Hartford player during a field goal attempt in 2011.
1433:
1300:
1277:
837:
772:
729:
616:
573:
275:
179:
24:
1903:
1787:
1545:
1486:
1262:
1252:
1121:
875:
863:
858:
762:
337:
137:
90:
1616:
124:. When neither team is in clear possession of the ball, a foul is called a
1863:
1666:
1514:
1412:
1389:
1364:
1237:
868:
1359:
1349:
1320:
1189:
1173:
1082:
1037:
842:
832:
302:
1777:
1762:
1747:
1552:
1295:
1094:
1060:
739:
601:
508:
283:
58:
472:
1111:
1099:
1089:
1022:
816:
661:
324:"The men's college basketball rule changes to know about this season"
203:
1214:
1116:
1070:
596:
1519:
1888:
1648:
1077:
640:
477:
238:
is any foul by reference to the count against a given team.
545:
550:
266:
79:
The player committing the foul "fouls out" of the game.
76:
The fouled player is awarded one or more free throws.
65:is an infraction of the rules more serious than a
1901:
282:Starting in the 2021–22 season, coaches in the
1646:
1632:
493:
150:The NBA and NCAA men's competitions define a
215:Arranging the players in an illegal defense.
212:Illegal gamesmanship, such as delay of game.
38:player during a field goal attempt in 2011.
1639:
1625:
500:
486:
468:Official Basketball Rules 2018 (PDF); FIBA
388:
36:Penn State Nittany Lions men's basketball
1053:
338:"Coach's Challenge | NBA Official"
1902:
1620:
1182:
481:
362:
321:
256:
16:Unfair act by a player in basketball
441:"FIBA introduces new rules changes"
13:
389:Aschburner, Steve (12 July 2023).
290:are given one challenge per game.
241:
225:
14:
1926:
461:
1647:
1593:
639:
43:
23:
1854:Effective field goal percentage
322:Katz, Andy (November 5, 2019).
32:Hartford Hawks men's basketball
507:
433:
408:
382:
356:
330:
315:
1:
1773:3-point field goal percentage
308:
1758:3-point field goal attempted
363:Greer, Jordan (6 May 2022).
173:
7:
1731:Field goal & free throw
296:
202:by performing an excessive
131:
104:
10:
1931:
245:
177:
135:
111:Personal foul (basketball)
108:
99:
1834:Offense efficiency rating
1824:
1786:
1730:
1659:
1587:
1566:
1528:
1460:
1426:
1388:
1373:
1342:
1276:
1228:
1207:
1166:
1150:
1143:
1001:
976:
926:
903:
884:
851:
825:
807:
800:
753:
685:
657:
648:
637:
587:
564:
536:
515:
1874:Performance Index Rating
1859:True shooting percentage
1839:Player efficiency rating
715:Time line (8/10 seconds)
1743:3-point field goal made
1558:Chuck Taylor All-Stars
200:Breaking the backboard
1910:Basketball statistics
1778:Free throw percentage
1768:Field goal percentage
1653:Basketball statistics
1606:Outline of basketball
1600:Basketball portal
579:Protocol of Stockholm
1915:Basketball penalties
1763:Free throw attempted
1753:Field goal attempted
1105:Backboard shattering
263:2019–20 season
163:unsportsmanlike foul
1826:Advanced statistics
720:Basket interference
288:EuroCup Basketball
248:Bonus (basketball)
167:disqualifying foul
1897:
1896:
1614:
1613:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1338:
1337:
1203:
1202:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
997:
996:
968:100-point scorers
899:
898:
796:
795:
677:Trent Tucker Rule
635:
634:
528:Index of articles
523:Glossary of terms
369:The Sporting News
261:Beginning in the
257:Coach's challenge
1922:
1849:Defensive rating
1844:Offensive rating
1811:Quintuple-double
1806:Quadruple-double
1651:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1444:Triangle-and-two
1371:
1370:
1355:Full-court press
1226:
1225:
1180:
1179:
1148:
1147:
1051:
1050:
924:
923:
823:
822:
805:
804:
783:Three-point play
655:
654:
643:
534:
533:
502:
495:
488:
479:
478:
455:
454:
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437:
431:
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386:
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334:
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327:
319:
47:
27:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1884:Player tracking
1820:
1782:
1748:Free throw made
1738:Field goal made
1726:
1655:
1645:
1615:
1610:
1594:
1592:
1583:
1562:
1524:
1448:
1422:
1384:
1369:
1334:
1316:Grinnell System
1272:
1224:
1199:
1178:
1162:
1131:
1049:
993:
972:
922:
918:Winning streaks
913:Player tracking
895:
880:
847:
821:
792:
788:Four-point play
749:
681:
644:
631:
583:
560:
532:
511:
506:
464:
459:
458:
449:
447:
439:
438:
434:
425:
423:
414:
413:
409:
399:
397:
387:
383:
373:
371:
361:
357:
347:
345:
336:
335:
331:
320:
316:
311:
299:
259:
250:
244:
242:Bonus situation
228:
226:Player and team
182:
176:
156:Flagrant 2 foul
152:Flagrant 1 foul
140:
134:
126:loose-ball foul
113:
107:
102:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
34:player fouls a
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
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1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
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1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
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1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
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1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1306:Cherry picking
1303:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:UCLA High Post
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1154:
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1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1007:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
980:
978:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
949:
948:
947:
946:
930:
928:
921:
920:
915:
909:
907:
901:
900:
897:
896:
894:
893:
890:
888:
882:
881:
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873:
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871:
861:
855:
853:
849:
848:
846:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
820:
819:
813:
811:
802:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
730:Double dribble
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
706:
705:
700:
691:
689:
683:
682:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
658:
652:
646:
645:
638:
636:
633:
632:
630:
629:
624:
619:
617:Three-on-three
614:
609:
604:
599:
593:
591:
585:
584:
582:
581:
576:
574:James Naismith
570:
568:
562:
561:
559:
558:
553:
548:
542:
540:
531:
530:
525:
519:
517:
516:General topics
513:
512:
505:
504:
497:
490:
482:
476:
475:
470:
463:
462:External links
460:
457:
456:
445:basketnews.com
432:
407:
381:
355:
329:
313:
312:
310:
307:
306:
305:
298:
295:
276:instant replay
258:
255:
246:Main article:
243:
240:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
197:
194:
186:technical foul
180:Technical foul
178:Main article:
175:
172:
171:
170:
159:
136:Main article:
133:
130:
122:offensive foul
109:Main article:
106:
103:
101:
98:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
49:
42:
41:
29:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1927:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Triple-double
1799:
1797:
1796:Double-double
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
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1746:
1744:
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1736:
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1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Games started
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1579:Trading cards
1577:
1575:
1574:List of films
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:Finger sleeve
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:Breakaway rim
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1445:
1442:
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1437:
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1432:
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1429:
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1416:
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1327:
1324:
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1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Dribble drive
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Pick and roll
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Buzzer beater
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1080:
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1076:
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1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
979:
975:
969:
966:
964:
963:50–40–90 club
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
945:
944:Three-pointer
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
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1591:
1365:Jordan Rules
1258:Four corners
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422:. 2021-09-28
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1439:Box-and-one
1360:Hack-a-Shaq
1350:Double team
1321:Nellie Ball
1311:Run and gun
1174:Shootaround
1127:Uncontested
1083:Finger roll
1038:Back screen
735:Goaltending
303:NBA records
232:player foul
1904:Categories
1879:Efficiency
1553:Air Jordan
1503:Half court
1375:Man-to-man
1326:Small ball
1296:Fast break
1230:Continuity
1095:Posterized
1061:Free throw
939:Field goal
905:Statistics
740:Shot clock
694:3 seconds
687:Violations
627:Wheelchair
622:Six-on-six
612:Twenty-one
607:One-on-one
602:Streetball
589:Variations
509:Basketball
450:2022-11-23
426:2022-11-23
374:7 November
348:7 November
309:References
284:Euroleague
59:basketball
1696:Defensive
1691:Offensive
1468:Backboard
1461:Equipment
1286:Princeton
1112:Hook shot
1100:Alley-oop
1090:Slam dunk
1066:Jump shot
1023:Euro step
1016:Crossover
817:Sixth man
809:Positions
801:Game play
773:Technical
745:Traveling
710:5 seconds
667:Officials
662:Jump ball
420:Eurohoops
400:1 January
236:team foul
204:slam dunk
174:Technical
67:violation
1722:Turnover
1529:Clothing
1418:Match-up
1268:Triangle
1215:Ball hog
1167:Practice
1158:Playbook
1144:Strategy
1117:Air ball
1071:Fadeaway
1054:Shooting
1045:Slashing
838:Shooting
768:Personal
763:Flagrant
725:Carrying
672:Turnover
597:Slamball
297:See also
132:Flagrant
105:Personal
1869:Economy
1788:Doubles
1687:Rebound
1536:Uniform
1520:Whistle
1398:1–2–1–1
1343:Defense
1243:Shuffle
1220:Gravity
1208:Offense
1151:General
1011:Dribble
977:Defense
953:Rebound
927:Offense
869:Stretch
852:Forward
703:Defense
698:Offense
566:History
538:Leagues
342:NBA.com
326:. NCAA.
272:timeout
100:Classes
1889:Tendex
1702:Assist
1677:Minute
1541:Sleeve
1478:Basket
1434:Amoeba
1427:Hybrid
1278:Motion
1183:Drills
1033:Screen
958:Assist
886:Center
265:, the
165:and a
1712:Block
1707:Steal
1682:Point
1660:Basic
1567:Media
1498:Glass
1493:Court
1403:1–3–1
1253:Wheel
1190:Mikan
1078:Layup
1003:Moves
989:Steal
984:Block
934:Point
876:Point
864:Power
859:Small
843:Combo
833:Point
826:Guard
778:Bonus
755:Fouls
650:Rules
344:. NBA
1717:Foul
1473:Ball
1413:Line
1390:Zone
1238:Flex
1028:Flop
546:FIBA
402:2024
376:2022
350:2022
286:and
63:foul
61:, a
1515:Net
1508:Key
1483:Rim
1408:2–3
1301:Fly
1195:Tip
556:AAU
551:NBA
395:NBA
267:NBA
57:In
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