1220:
81:
641:
616:
100:
1138:
2452:
martial law endorsed the campaign—all with the crucial support of the military and the
Catholic Church hierarchy. The assassination showed the increasing incapacity of the Marcos regime—Ferdinand was mortally ill when the crime occurred while his cronies mismanaged the country in his absence. It outraged Aquino's supporters that Marcos, if not masterminding it, allowed the assassination to happen and engineered its cover-up. The mass revolt caused by Aquino's demise attracted worldwide media attention and Marcos's American contacts, as well as the
2484:, denounced the official results. Corazon Aquino rejected the results and held the "Tagumpay ng Bayan" (People's Victory) rally at Luneta Park on February 16, 1986, announcing a civil disobedience campaign and calling for her supporters to boycott publications and companies which were associated with Marcos or any of his cronies. The event was attended by a crowd of about two million people. Aquino's camp began making preparations for more rallies, and Aquino herself went to Cebu to rally more people to their cause.
666:
186:
2138:
2340:
1150:
88:
1131:
167:
172:
174:
168:
173:
170:
169:
171:
2649:
The overall economy experienced a slower growth GDP per capita, lower wage conditions and higher unemployment especially towards the end of Marcos's term after the 1983–1984 recession. The
Philippine peso devalued sharply from 3.9 to 20.53. The recession was triggered largely by political instability
2451:
was credited with transforming the
Philippine opposition to the Marcos regime from a small, isolated movement into a national crusade, incorporating people from all walks of life. The middle class got involved, the impoverished majority participated, and business leaders whom Marcos had irked during
2643:
The
Heritage Foundation pointed that when the economy began to weaken in 1979, the government did not adopt anti-recessionist policies and instead launched risky and costly industrial projects. Despite the 1984–1985 recession, GDP on a per capita basis more than tripled from $ 175.9 in 1965 to $
2627:
The commodities boom continued throughout most of the 70s, only slowing down towards the early 1980s when it left the
Philippine economy vulnerable to the instability of the international capital market. As a result, the economy grew amidst the two severe global oil shocks following the
2456:, began distancing themselves. There was a global media spotlight on the Philippine crisis, and exposes on Imelda's extravagant lifestyle (most infamously, her thousands of pairs of shoes) and "mining operations", as well as Ferdinand's excesses, came into focus.
2313:(COMELEC), declared Marcos the winner, despite a walk-out staged by disenfranchised computer technicians on February 9. According to the COMELEC's final tally, Marcos won with 10,807,197 votes to Aquino's 9,291,761 votes. By contrast, the partial 70% tally of the
2502:
to ask for help. Cardinal Sin went on radio and encouraged people on the capital to likewise go to EDSA to support Ramos and Enrile, and crowds, already preparing to conduct election protests, trooped en masse to the stretch of EDSA between the two camps.
165:
1219:
2403:
ever, him getting 88% of the vote is also the largest in
Philippine presidential election history, also beating Quezon's 1941 record of 82%. This is also the most votes received by a person in the Philippines for a single-winner election until
166:
2268:, in protest over his control over the results. Marcos won by a margin of over 16 million votes, which constitutionally allowed him to have another six-year term under the new Constitution that his administration crafted. Finance Minister
5234:
2289:
upon his return to the
Philippines after a long period of exile in the United States. This coalesced popular dissatisfaction with Marcos began a series of events, including pressure from the United States, that culminated in a
5188:
5183:
5754:
2420:
with 19 million votes. This was also the presidential election with the most number of candidates, with 13, although nine candidates with the fewest votes collectively just got 0.13% of the vote.
3785:
Foreign assistance and related programs appropriations for 1988: hearings before a subcommittee of the
Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session
2518:
becoming the 11th president of the
Philippines on February 25, 1986. Under Aquino, the Philippines would adopt a new constitution, ending the Fourth Republic and ushering in the beginning of the
3346:
3119:
2491:, went to EDSA to express support the coup plotters, in the hope of preventing Marcos from annihilating them. At around the same time, Ramos and Enrile contacted the highly influential
4076:
1964:
914:
3703:
2606:, although never was officially characterized as such. The legislative powers under the provisional government was exercised by the President with the abolishment of the
4708:
1776:
909:
290:
5025:
2619:
1928:
3678:
3262:
2624:
During Marcos's declaration of
Martial Law and his overthrow in the event of the 1986 People Power Revolution, the Philippine economy saw significant highs and lows.
6056:
634:
5926:
4111:
1806:
869:
6224:
6068:
5890:
2744:
1923:
1102:
919:
2566:. Even after Marcos officially lifted martial law, he still retained all presidential decrees, legislative powers and the suspension of the privilege of the
5947:
2599:
1877:
99:
80:
4056:
2353:
2211:
2166:
949:
6346:
4993:
4071:
735:
1246:
6376:
5602:
4418:
2028:
1181:
2665:
The period is sometimes erroneously described as a golden age for the country's economy. However, by the period's end, the country was experiencing a
4116:
3783:
2480:
was generally perceived to be fraudulent, both locally and internationally. The International observers, including a U.S. delegation led by Senator
2314:
2238:
Marcos officially lifted martial law on January 17, 1981. However, he retained much of the government's power for arrest and detention. At the time,
2063:
806:
2246:, as well as civil unrest contributed to a serious decline in economic growth and development under Marcos, whose own health faced obstacles due to
6321:
1077:
778:
6366:
3799:
2123:
3350:
5976:
4106:
4008:
3394:
864:
760:
5552:
1954:
1946:
929:
740:
2487:
In the aftermath of the election and the revelations of irregularities, A small contingent of Aquino supporters, led by her brother in law
2303:
1913:
1786:
1735:
6182:
3376:
2603:
2043:
2038:
1989:
1308:
924:
819:
4026:
5879:
5807:
5638:
4199:
3968:
3893:
1905:
1867:
1859:
1753:
1547:
1313:
1042:
796:
621:
3782:
Agencies (1981-1987), United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and Related (1987).
6316:
6245:
5358:
2686:
2392:(National Assembly), which they condemned as fraudulent. At the same time, a national referendum was held on the question in holding
2118:
2053:
1618:
1351:
901:
730:
4126:
1558:
6356:
5792:
5582:
5547:
2682:
2159:
3526:
3453:
6351:
5612:
4184:
4086:
3916:
3764:
2929:
1035:
969:
826:
503:
4041:
3936:
3863:
2385:
2215:
2098:
1811:
1693:
1261:
1174:
954:
791:
5797:
4081:
3963:
3906:
3832:
3096:
3007:
2849:
2465:
2424:
2405:
2310:
964:
814:
786:
477:
2662:, Europe, and Asia. The Philippines was among these countries and was not exempted from the negative economic consequences.
5828:
5749:
5744:
5607:
2113:
2058:
2023:
2004:
1846:
1598:
1333:
2226:
became the 11th president of the Philippines. The Fourth Republic would come to an end under Aquino's leadership, and the
185:
5759:
3431:
2152:
2103:
2078:
2033:
1831:
1199:
959:
705:
3872:
2563:
2286:
851:
5587:
6371:
3606:
3579:
2939:
2911:
2887:
2393:
2088:
1271:
1167:
382:
340:
5592:
3652:
2780:
2750:
5274:
4219:
4031:
4016:
2644:
565.8 in 1985 at the end of Marcos's term, though this averages less than 1.2% a year when adjusted for inflation.
2400:
2251:
2073:
2068:
1613:
3626:
3236:
3146:"People Power and Political Opportunities: Social Movement Mobilization and Outcomes in the Philippines and Burma"
5785:
5597:
5227:
3998:
3841:
2417:
1801:
105:
6126:
5981:
3901:
2048:
1469:
1338:
1323:
1229:
723:
4061:
3978:
3514:. Vol. 3: Country Studies – Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Turkey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3467:
3120:"Speech of President Aquino at the anniversary of Tagumpay ng Bayan, February 16, 2012 (English translation)"
2440:
2306:(UNIDO). The election was marred by widespread reports of violence and tampering with results by both sides.
2282:
2239:
1628:
1238:
464:
700:
5940:
5780:
2093:
2083:
1633:
1479:
1137:
584:
298:
5851:
5624:
5572:
4656:
4257:
4204:
3544:
2453:
1959:
1713:
1447:
1387:
1092:
745:
3730:
2328:
as president on February 25, 1986. The administration of Marcos has been called by various sources as a
5802:
5764:
5562:
3856:
3223:
2659:
2496:
1826:
1427:
1372:
1208:
1072:
896:
533:
3066:
6361:
6168:
6091:
5577:
4046:
2519:
2389:
2384:
in a landslide victory. Most opposition parties boycotted the election as a sign of protest over the
2227:
1708:
1623:
1377:
1154:
432:
427:
3321:
6269:
5954:
2715:
The country's total external debt rose from US$ 2.3 billion in 1970 to US$ 26.2 billion in 1985.
2549:
1796:
1678:
1673:
1509:
1437:
1082:
539:
272:
3485:
715:
5971:
5507:
4486:
3876:
2579:
2552:
2507:
2469:
2428:
2369:
2321:
2256:
2219:
1933:
1872:
1791:
1698:
1578:
1422:
1276:
974:
886:
490:
275:
126:
5729:
3195:
2820:
2712:
rose to nearly double the national average, with most of the deaths attributed to malnutrition.
6051:
5430:
4909:
4583:
2689:
children – 40 percent of Negros Occidental residents under the age of 14 – were suffering from
2571:
2291:
1969:
1683:
287:
4641:
3596:
2903:
2879:
6041:
5933:
5070:
4964:
4651:
4578:
4319:
4021:
3988:
3911:
3849:
3571:
3086:
2839:
2651:
2567:
2556:
2546:
2333:
1887:
1771:
1663:
1568:
1116:
859:
836:
765:
279:
269:
6189:
2681:, one-fifth of the children under six were seriously malnourished. By 1985, a survey by the
6161:
6112:
4814:
4344:
4146:
3993:
3946:
3921:
3566:
The Predator State: How Conservatives Abandoned the Free Market and Why Liberals Should Too
2492:
2423:
Marcos would have served another six-year term ending in 1987, but it was cut short by the
1892:
1882:
1841:
1821:
1688:
1286:
1281:
5697:
4469:
3505:"Introduction to "The Marcos Legacy: Economic Policy and Foreign Debt in the Philippines""
2317:, an accredited poll watcher, said Aquino won with 7,835,070 votes to Marcos's 7,053,068.
1065:
8:
6238:
6140:
5901:
5492:
5415:
5085:
5055:
4804:
4481:
4209:
4096:
3973:
3347:"Martial law: Costly lessons in economic development | Money | GMA News Online"
2640:
was $ 3 / barrel in 1973 and $ 39.5 in 1979, or a growth of 1200% which drove inflation.
2365:
2247:
1984:
1730:
1638:
1593:
1583:
1529:
1442:
831:
750:
6196:
5734:
5440:
5379:
5080:
5075:
4954:
4904:
4854:
4783:
4750:
4720:
4606:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4339:
4161:
4131:
4121:
3793:
3173:
3047:
2972:
2655:
2633:
2381:
2265:
2142:
1766:
1668:
1658:
1643:
1291:
1266:
1097:
881:
4686:
4367:
4051:
2525:
By the end of the Marcos dictatorial era, the country was experiencing a debt crisis,
6084:
5739:
5707:
5425:
5348:
5281:
5267:
5247:
4977:
4969:
4949:
4894:
4874:
4770:
4725:
4691:
4681:
4621:
4596:
4501:
4459:
4304:
4278:
4273:
3828:
3822:
3738:
3602:
3575:
3564:
3165:
3092:
3003:
2935:
2907:
2883:
2845:
2607:
2562:. Marcos's administration was noted for its authoritarian rule, especially under the
2274:
1474:
1452:
710:
248:
39:
5986:
5567:
4601:
6277:
6231:
6133:
6105:
5837:
5497:
5460:
5369:
5308:
5287:
5241:
5193:
5150:
5089:
4982:
4863:
4799:
4765:
4701:
4636:
4573:
4568:
4543:
4506:
4408:
4403:
4362:
4349:
4242:
3951:
3300:
3157:
3051:
3039:
2995:
2964:
2709:
2583:
2207:
2199:
2191:
1816:
1761:
1703:
1648:
1603:
1573:
1534:
682:
317:
256:
252:
58:
3871:
6210:
5865:
5475:
5405:
5390:
5296:
5260:
5253:
5168:
5145:
5099:
5060:
5050:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4944:
4929:
4849:
4819:
4809:
4745:
4740:
4715:
4661:
4646:
4626:
4449:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4189:
4136:
4036:
3983:
3956:
2897:
2873:
2674:
2670:
2629:
2526:
2299:
1994:
1484:
1417:
1251:
1122:
1047:
1009:
997:
521:
413:
371:
148:
4631:
6263:
5702:
5687:
5682:
5667:
5657:
5557:
5470:
5342:
5327:
5206:
5173:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5094:
5000:
4987:
4899:
4884:
4760:
4755:
4616:
4611:
4563:
4523:
4511:
4444:
4393:
4334:
4288:
3043:
2865:
2841:
Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: the political economy of authoritarianism
2587:
2515:
2325:
2295:
2223:
2214:. Marcos announced the beginning of the Fourth Republic on June 30, during his
1979:
1781:
1608:
1504:
991:
329:
191:
3818:
3427:
3305:
3288:
3219:
6340:
6147:
6002:
5908:
5672:
5629:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5445:
5410:
5216:
5211:
5155:
5135:
5104:
5045:
5040:
5020:
4914:
4889:
4793:
4735:
4676:
4588:
4538:
4533:
4398:
4388:
4261:
4247:
4214:
4194:
4166:
4151:
4141:
4066:
3941:
3742:
3169:
2724:
2697:
2678:
2543:
2481:
2108:
1918:
1328:
1052:
1003:
984:
770:
665:
266:
2999:
6217:
6098:
6077:
5502:
5455:
5420:
5374:
5302:
5178:
5140:
5065:
5035:
4959:
4924:
4858:
4827:
4788:
4775:
4696:
4671:
4528:
4496:
4434:
4383:
4283:
4156:
2701:
2690:
2637:
2559:
2409:
2377:
2373:
2269:
2261:
1519:
1499:
1318:
1057:
1027:
1021:
755:
401:
282:
237:
217:
3504:
6046:
6012:
5512:
5465:
5435:
5395:
5314:
5160:
5030:
4879:
4868:
4666:
4454:
4439:
4429:
4329:
4299:
4176:
3931:
2869:
2666:
2575:
2488:
2339:
2329:
1740:
1725:
1087:
1015:
891:
841:
232:
3024:
2976:
6007:
5662:
5450:
5400:
5198:
4934:
4491:
4293:
3177:
3145:
1999:
1836:
1514:
5593:
Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
2412:
won 32 million votes; for multiple-winner elections, it was beaten by
6290:
6203:
4939:
4919:
4730:
4464:
4357:
3414:
Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn
3370:
3368:
3023:
Acemoglu, Daron; Verdier, Thierry; Robinson, James A. (May 1, 2004).
2968:
2499:
2413:
1653:
1588:
1256:
3704:"Masagana 99, Nutribun, and Imelda's 'edifice complex' of hospitals"
3620:
3618:
3395:"Marcos plundered to 'protect' the economy? Makes no economic sense"
3161:
2272:
was eventually appointed to succeed Marcos as prime minister by the
6297:
6283:
5872:
5858:
5844:
4269:
3926:
2243:
1974:
1489:
1464:
1432:
1412:
1367:
1303:
876:
3627:"Marcos years marked 'golden age' of PH economy? Look at the data"
3598:
C. Fred Bergsten and the World Economy, Volume 978, Issues 397-399
3365:
3237:"Marcos Years Marked 'Golden Age' of PH Economy? Look at the Data"
2918:(showing a reproduction of NAMFREL's announcement of the results).
87:
3615:
3377:"The best of times? Data debunk Marcos's economic 'golden years'"
3068:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Marcos I
2990:
Chaikin, David; Sharman, J. C. (2009). "The Marcos Kleptocracy".
2705:
2294:
on February 7, 1986. The opposition united under Aquino's widow,
1563:
1524:
1382:
3412:
Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads".
2320:
A peaceful civilian-military uprising, now popularly called the
6154:
6119:
5692:
2658:, the latter three of which affected all indebted countries in
2511:
1407:
1402:
1392:
208:
5321:
Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
6175:
5633:
2650:
following Ninoy's assassination, high global interest rates,
2582:
which ended on February 25. The revolution removed President
2361:
1981 Philippine presidential election and national referendum
1494:
1130:
3765:"Sugar Wars: Looking Back at the Negros Famine of the 1980s"
5677:
3025:"Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule"
1397:
4077:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
4072:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
2620:
Economic History of the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos
2281:
In 1983, opposition leader Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. was
3644:
3624:
2600:
Provisional Government of the Philippines in 1986 to 1987
5927:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
2955:
Manning, Robert A. (1984). "The Philippines in Crisis".
2230:
would commence with the adoption of a new constitution.
3478:
3022:
2931:
A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict
2921:
2875:
A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict
6225:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
3670:
3420:
5948:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
3679:"The truth about the economy under the Marcos regime"
3653:"Martial Law, the dark chapter in Philippine history"
3386:
3263:"The Truth About the Economy Under the Marcos Regime"
2902:. Brookline Village, Massachusetts: Branden. p.
2586:, who ruled as a dictator, from office and installed
3781:
2399:
Marcos's 80% margin of victory is the most lopsided
2354:
1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum
2212:
1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum
3460:
3124:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
5603:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
3563:
3561:
3510:. In Sachs, Jeffrey D.; Collins, Susan M. (eds.).
2878:. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. p.
5235:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
3527:"The Roots of the Philippines' Economic Troubles"
3454:"The Roots of the Philippines' Economic Troubles"
3374:
6338:
6322:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
4205:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
3512:Developing Country Debt and Economic Performance
2765:
2434:
3827:. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.
3405:
3375:Guido, Edson Joseph; de los Reyes, Che (2017),
3088:Richard G. Lugar: Indiana's Visionary Statesman
3085:Diller, Dan; Stefani, Sara (February 1, 2019).
5977:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
5588:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
3731:"On Negros, Sugar and Famine, Prawns and Hope"
3339:
2989:
2927:
2864:
2510:, which ended with Marcos going into exile in
2427:that eventually resulted in his ouster in the
2315:National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections
146:
124:
31:
3857:
3594:
3416:. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
3084:
2459:
2347:
2160:
1175:
50:
3322:"Can "Rev-Gov" Heal All In The Philippines?"
3091:. Indiana University Press. pp. 80–81.
3032:Journal of the European Economic Association
2821:"A family affair | 31 years of amnesia"
2604:Interim provisional revolutionary government
2304:United Nationalists Democratic Organizations
6183:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
3798:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3625:Punongbayan and Mandrilla (March 5, 2016).
3503:Dohner, Robert S.; Intal, Ponciano (1989).
3502:
3392:
3319:
3280:
3234:
3189:
3187:
3074:. San Francisco: Union Square Publications.
5880:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
5808:Presidential Commission on Good Government
5639:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
4200:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
4037:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
3864:
3850:
3677:de Dios, Emmanuel S. (November 16, 2015).
3651:Francisco, Katerina (September 22, 2016).
3261:De Dios, Emmanuel S. (November 16, 2015).
2934:. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press.
2895:
2844:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 75.
2167:
2153:
1182:
1168:
184:
6377:1986 disestablishments in the Philippines
3650:
3496:
3446:
3304:
2542:Starting 1981, The Philippines was under
2324:, forced Marcos into exile and installed
2250:. The political opposition boycotted the
2218:speech. On February 25, 1986, due to the
1619:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
6246:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
3816:
3184:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2656:significant increase in global oil price
2394:elections for barangay elections in 1982
2338:
2222:, Marcos went into exile in Hawaii, and
5613:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
4185:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
4087:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
3729:Scott, Michael F. (February 15, 1987).
3676:
3286:
3260:
3064:
2954:
1358:Historically documented states/polities
6367:1981 establishments in the Philippines
6347:History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
6339:
6317:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
3468:"GDP per capita (current US$ ) – Data"
3393:Punongbayan, JC (September 11, 2017).
3213:
3143:
2928:Ackerman, Peter; DuVall, Jack (2000).
2837:
2798:
2778:
2708:Hospital rose 67 percent, and Negros'
622:History of the Philippines (1965–1986)
5798:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
3845:
3728:
3562:James K. Galbraith (August 5, 2008).
3434:: Philippines. US Library of Congress
3411:
3320:Malindog-Uy, Anna (August 30, 2020).
2809:
2781:"Aquino Proclaims Interim Government"
2779:Clines, Francis X. (March 26, 1986).
2746:Presidential Decree No. 1413, s. 1978
2737:
2590:as the new president of the country.
2506:This evolved in the largely peaceful
2477:1986 Philippine presidential election
2466:1986 Philippine presidential election
2364:was held on June 16, 1981. President
2309:The official election canvasser, the
5678:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
5608:National Movement for Free Elections
3287:Abraham, Pedro R. (September 1986).
2572:provisional revolutionary government
5760:Second Great Rectification Movement
5583:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
3917:Philippines–United States relations
3819:"Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law"
3432:Library of Congress Country Studies
3058:
2372:(KBL) defeated retired general and
960:Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.
13:
5568:Concerned Women of the Philippines
4672:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
3873:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
3788:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
3545:"United States Prime Rate History"
3254:
3228:
2818:
1218:
360:abolished by the 1973 Constitution
14:
6388:
6280:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
3235:Punongbayan, JC (March 5, 2016).
1559:Voyage of Miguel LĂłpez de Legazpi
1272:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
5275:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
4470:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
4152:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
4032:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
3762:
3193:
2652:severe global economic recession
2401:Philippine presidential election
2136:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1129:
673:This article is part of a series
664:
639:
614:
163:
98:
86:
79:
6357:Presidencies of the Philippines
5598:Movement for a Free Philippines
5548:Alliance of Makati Associations
4584:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
4325:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
4274:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
3999:Human rights in the Philippines
3969:1969 balance of payments crisis
3775:
3756:
3722:
3696:
3588:
3555:
3537:
3518:
3428:"Martial Law and its Aftermath"
3313:
3137:
3112:
3078:
3016:
2992:Corruption and Money Laundering
2896:Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1987).
190:Location of the Philippines in
16:Filipino government (1981–1986)
6352:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos
6127:Evolution of a Filipino Family
5982:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
5292:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
4845:Academics and cultural workers
4549:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
3902:Martial law in the Philippines
3817:Dolan, Ronald E., ed. (1991).
3810:
3570:. Simon and Schuster. p.
3524:
3381:ABSCBN News and Public Affairs
2983:
2948:
2858:
2831:
2819:Javier, Research by Kristian.
2529:, and severe underemployment.
2254:, which pitted Marcos and his
1965:2000 campaign against the MILF
1470:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
1324:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
1058:Tallano gold conspiracy theory
1:
5332:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
4062:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
4052:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
2761:– via Official Gazette.
2730:
2532:
2448:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2441:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2435:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2233:
1629:Battles of La Naval de Manila
570:
553:
465:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
5941:Some Are Smarter Than Others
5630:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
4652:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
4132:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
3824:Philippines: A Country Study
2899:Cory: Profile of a President
2593:
2537:
2287:Manila International Airport
1480:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
950:1981 election and referendum
574:
561:
7:
5852:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
5573:Free Legal Assistance Group
4709:Religious sector opposition
4544:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
4518:Political sector opposition
4460:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
3486:"GDP (current US$ ) – Data"
3065:Mijares, Primitivo (1976).
2718:
2260:party against retired Gen.
2252:1981 presidential elections
2188:Republic of the Philippines
1970:2nd People Power Revolution
1960:1997 Asian financial crisis
1694:Declaration of Independence
1093:Marcos Japanese ODA scandal
566:
557:
25:Republic of the Philippines
10:
6393:
5803:Philippine National Police
5793:Commission on Human Rights
5765:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
5563:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
5558:August Twenty One Movement
4476:Business sector opposition
4435:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
4340:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
4330:MarĂa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
4220:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
3886:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
3044:10.1162/154247604323067916
2683:National Nutrition Council
2617:
2613:
2463:
2460:End of the Fourth Republic
2438:
2351:
2348:1981 Presidential Election
2292:snap presidential election
2181:Fourth Philippine Republic
1699:American capture of Manila
897:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
797:balance of payments crisis
504:Corazon Aquino inaugurated
6307:
6255:
6169:The Last Journey of Ninoy
6067:
6034:
6025:
5995:
5964:
5918:
5889:
5827:
5820:
5773:
5750:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
5722:
5715:
5651:
5535:
5484:
5357:
5288:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
5224:
5114:
4978:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
4837:
4632:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
4417:
4376:
4256:
4235:
4228:
4175:
4137:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
4095:
4047:Interim Batasang Pambansa
4007:
3892:
3883:
3306:10.1080/03064228608534138
2390:Interim Batasang Pambansa
2206:), was established after
1579:Spanish capture of Manila
593:
583:
546:
528:
517:
513:
500:
487:
474:
461:
451:
447:
439:
433:Regular Batasang Pambansa
428:Interim Batasang Pambansa
423:
419:
407:
395:
391:
381:
377:
365:
353:
349:
339:
335:
323:
311:
307:
297:
262:
244:
228:
199:
183:
156:
140:
135:"Peace, Freedom, Justice"
118:
75:
70:
23:
6372:1980s in the Philippines
5955:Waltzing with a Dictator
4492:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
4455:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
4450:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
4445:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
4440:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
3401:. Ortigas Center, Pasig.
2039:Administrative divisions
1754:American colonial period
1674:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
1510:Butuan Silver Paleograph
1495:Batanes Ijang fortresses
1438:Sultanate of Maguindanao
1309:Cordillera Rice Terraces
291:revolutionary government
133:"One Nation, One Spirit"
6035:Monuments and memorials
5972:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
5893:during the dictatorship
4798:The Magnificent Seven (
4667:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
4529:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
4487:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
4354:Florentino Sanico Solon
3877:People Power Revolution
3531:The Heritage Foundation
3289:"Aquino's first months"
3000:10.1057/9780230622456_7
2838:Celoza, Albert (1997).
2580:People Power Revolution
2553:constitutional republic
2470:People Power Revolution
2429:People Power Revolution
2370:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
2322:People Power Revolution
2311:Commission on Elections
2257:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
2220:People Power Revolution
1934:People Power Revolution
1714:Philippine–American War
1548:Spanish colonial period
975:People Power Revolution
887:Chico River Dam Project
491:People Power Revolution
276:constitutional republic
245:Official languages
147:
127:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
125:
32:
6052:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
5578:Gabriela Women's Party
5431:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
5335:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
5169:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
4930:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
4910:Gilda Cordero Fernando
4838:Academic and cultural
4482:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
4157:Murder of Alex Orcullo
4147:Bacong Bridge massacre
3769:Esquire, 15 April 2021
3595:Michael Mussa (2006).
2344:
2204:RepĂşblica de Filipinas
2203:
2196:Repúbliká ng Pilipinas
2195:
2143:Philippines portal
2119:Science and technology
1736:UST Baybayin Documents
1684:Treaty of Paris (1898)
1262:Austronesian expansion
1247:Early hominin activity
1223:
942:Third and fourth terms
635:Provisional Government
52:RepĂşblica de Filipinas
51:
33:Republika ng Pilipinas
6042:People Power Monument
5466:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
5184:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
5071:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
4965:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
4682:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
4579:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
4430:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
4419:Mainstream opposition
4320:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
4022:Proclamation No. 1081
3989:Plaza Miranda bombing
3912:Conjugal dictatorship
3144:Schock, Kurt (1999).
2685:estimated that about
2568:writ of habeas corpus
2454:Reagan administration
2342:
2334:conjugal dictatorship
2064:Cultural achievements
1888:Filipino First policy
1878:Mutual Defense Treaty
1832:Philippine resistance
1664:Philippine Revolution
1624:Spanish–Moro conflict
1614:Revolts and uprisings
1500:Golden Tara of Agusan
1222:
1117:Conjugal dictatorship
1078:Historical distortion
1043:Overseas landholdings
860:Proclamation No. 1081
837:Plaza Miranda bombing
5553:Anti-Bases Coalition
5543:Political coalitions
5451:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
5115:Left-wing opposition
4815:Julio Xavier Labayen
4345:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
3994:Filipino nationalism
3937:Communist insurgency
3922:American imperialism
3710:. September 20, 2012
3549:www.fedprimerate.com
2994:. pp. 153–186.
2825:newslab.philstar.com
2508:1986 EDSA Revolution
2493:Archbishop of Manila
2183:, also known as the
2124:World Heritage Sites
1990:Territorial disputes
1893:North Borneo dispute
1883:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1847:Philippines campaign
1842:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1822:Battle of Corregidor
1797:Tydings–McDuffie Act
1689:Battle of Manila Bay
1679:Spanish–American War
1287:Precolonial barangay
766:Communist insurgency
496:February 22–25, 1986
6308:Disinformation and
6239:Season of the Devil
6141:From What Is Before
5902:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
5493:Stephen W. Bosworth
5416:Inday Espina-Varona
5338:Col. Antonio Sotelo
5086:Southern Tagalog 10
5056:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
4662:Soledad Roa Duterte
4642:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
4377:Cabinet Technocrats
4315:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
4300:Macario Asistio Jr.
4215:Golden Buddha theft
4210:Coco Levy Fund scam
4117:Political detainees
4107:Human rights abuses
3974:First Quarter Storm
3353:on November 3, 2018
3293:Index on Censorship
2805:Dolan & 1991-28
2677:. On the island of
2366:Ferdinand E. Marcos
1985:Philippine drug war
1947:Contemporary period
1914:Communist rebellion
1812:Japanese occupation
1777:Military Government
1731:Doctrina Christiana
1639:Propaganda Movement
1594:Spanish East Indies
1584:Battle of Bangkusay
1530:Magellan expedition
1448:Sultanates of Lanao
1443:Sultanate of Buayan
865:Human rights abuses
832:First Quarter Storm
751:Coco Levy Fund scam
731:Cult of personality
453:• Established
6197:Martyr or Murderer
6190:Maid in Malacañang
5866:Saranggola ni Pepe
5735:Operation Big Bird
5487:interested parties
5441:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
5436:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
5380:Ronnie Nathanielsz
5375:Jose "Joe" Guevara
5203:Crispin Tagamolila
5081:Archimedes Trajano
5076:Antonio Tagamolila
4955:Bienvenido Lumbera
4905:Renato Constantino
4855:APO Hiking Society
4784:Mary Christine Tan
4751:Mary John Mananzan
4721:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
4607:Diosdado Macapagal
4559:Hilario Davide Jr.
4554:Roberto Concepcion
4465:Cardinal Jaime Sin
4162:Escalante massacre
4122:Palimbang massacre
4017:1972 Enrile ambush
3196:"The road to EDSA"
2785:The New York Times
2753:on January 8, 2022
2634:1979 energy crisis
2574:was set up in the
2425:1986 snap election
2382:Nacionalista Party
2345:
2266:Nacionalista Party
1787:Insular Government
1772:Zamboanga Republic
1669:Tejeros Convention
1659:Cry of Pugad Lawin
1644:1872 Cavite mutiny
1352:Precolonial period
1292:Maritime Silk Road
1267:Angono Petroglyphs
1239:Prehistoric period
1224:
1098:Operation Big Bird
1036:Unexplained wealth
882:Escalante Massacre
478:1986 snap election
6334:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6021:
6020:
5816:
5815:
5786:1987 Constitution
5781:Aquino Presidency
5740:Mendiola massacre
5708:Villamor Air Base
5698:Malacañang Palace
5647:
5646:
5619:Political parties
5426:Betty Go-Belmonte
5349:Benjamin Magalong
5282:Juan Ponce Enrile
5268:Marcos G. Soliman
5248:Bonifacio Gillego
5225:Opposition in the
4994:Student activists
4970:Willie Nepomuceno
4950:Salvador P. Lopez
4895:Benedicto Cabrera
4875:Lualhati Bautista
4840:sector opposition
4771:Miguel Purugganan
4726:Mariani Dimaranan
4692:Claudio Teehankee
4622:Primitivo Mijares
4597:Eva Estrada Kalaw
4502:Alfonso Yuchengco
4305:Roberto Benedicto
4279:Juan Ponce Enrile
4127:Tictapul massacre
4027:1973 Constitution
3834:978-0-8444-0748-7
3763:Caña, Paul John.
3735:Los Angeles Times
3098:978-0-253-04534-8
3009:978-1-349-37827-2
2851:978-0-275-94137-6
2608:Batasang Pambansa
2602:functioned as an
2550:semi-presidential
2275:Batasang Pambansa
2177:
2176:
2024:Ancient religions
2005:COVID-19 pandemic
1860:Post-independence
1599:Captaincy General
1475:Butuan Ivory Seal
1453:Sultanate of Sulu
1334:Prehistoric beads
1192:
1191:
711:Stonehill scandal
693:
692:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
627:
626:
509:February 25, 1986
397:• 1981–1986
355:• 1973–1986
313:• 1965–1986
273:semi-presidential
175:
110:
6384:
6362:Ferdinand Marcos
6278:Maalaala Mo Kaya
6232:Sa Dulo ng Baril
6134:Forbidden Memory
6106:A Dangerous Life
6032:
6031:
5891:Political Films
5838:Bagong Pagsilang
5825:
5824:
5720:
5719:
5498:Henry A. Byroade
5461:Napoleon G. Rama
5370:Adrian Cristobal
5309:Hector Tarrazona
5242:Ramon A. Alcaraz
5194:Jose Maria Sison
5151:Bernabe Buscayno
5095:Gerardo Faustino
5090:Cristina Catalla
5031:Bonifacio Ilagan
4983:Nemesio Prudente
4864:Boboy Garrovillo
4805:Federico Escaler
4800:Francisco Claver
4766:Magnifico Osorio
4702:Calixto Zaldivar
4657:Eduardo Quintero
4637:Ambrosio Padilla
4574:Raul M. Gonzalez
4569:Neptali Gonzales
4507:Quintin Yuyitung
4409:Carlos P. Romulo
4404:Placido Mapa Jr.
4363:Arturo Tolentino
4350:Ricardo Silverio
4243:Ferdinand Marcos
4233:
4232:
3952:Jabidah massacre
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3789:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3569:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3490:World Bank Group
3482:
3476:
3475:
3472:World Bank Group
3464:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3349:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3232:
3226:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3194:Cruz, Elfren S.
3191:
3182:
3181:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3038:(2–3): 162–192.
3029:
3020:
3014:
3013:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2969:10.2307/20042190
2952:
2946:
2945:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2893:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2816:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2776:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2749:. Archived from
2741:
2710:infant mortality
2584:Ferdinand Marcos
2208:Ferdinand Marcos
2169:
2162:
2155:
2141:
2140:
2139:
1873:Treaty of Manila
1817:Battle of Bataan
1762:Tagalog Republic
1704:Malolos Congress
1649:La Liga Filipina
1634:British invasion
1604:Tondo Conspiracy
1574:Blockade of Cebu
1535:Battle of Mactan
1459:Events/Artifacts
1362:(north to south)
1298:Events/Artifacts
1282:Sa Huỳnh culture
1212:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1133:
970:4th inauguration
955:3rd inauguration
827:2nd Inauguration
792:1st Inauguration
689:
688:
687:
685:
684:Ferdinand Marcos
677:
676:
668:
661:
660:
657:
656:
643:
642:
631:
630:
618:
617:
611:
610:
595:
594:
576:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
537:
483:February 7, 1986
318:Ferdinand Marcos
188:
177:
176:
158:
152:
130:
108:
102:
90:
83:
62:
54:
43:
35:
21:
20:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6326:
6309:
6303:
6251:
6211:Oras de Peligro
6063:
6027:
6017:
5991:
5960:
5914:
5892:
5885:
5812:
5769:
5711:
5643:
5538:pressure groups
5537:
5531:
5508:George Hamilton
5486:
5480:
5476:Jose Mari Velez
5406:Amando Doronila
5391:Eugenia Apostol
5367:
5353:
5297:Jose T. Almonte
5261:Danilo Vizmanos
5254:Rogelio Morales
5226:
5220:
5146:Crispin Beltran
5110:
5100:Rizalina Ilagan
5061:Nestor Principe
5051:Armando Palabay
5026:Antonio Hilario
5016:Neri Colmenares
5011:Manuel Bautista
5006:Edgar Ang Sinco
4945:Celeste Legaspi
4850:Freddie Aguilar
4847:
4839:
4833:
4820:Orlando Quevedo
4810:Antonio Fortich
4746:Isabelo Magalit
4741:Inocencio Ipong
4716:Zacarias Agatep
4687:Wigberto Tañada
4647:Vicente Paterno
4627:Ramon Mitra Jr.
4413:
4372:
4368:Nicanor Yñiguez
4310:José Yao Campos
4252:
4224:
4190:Marcos mansions
4171:
4112:Torture methods
4098:
4091:
4003:
3984:Diliman Commune
3979:Agrarian reform
3957:Manili massacre
3888:
3879:
3870:
3835:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3776:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3708:GMA News Online
3702:
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3560:
3556:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3523:
3519:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3410:
3406:
3391:
3387:
3373:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3318:
3314:
3299:(8): 9–10, 36.
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3229:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3192:
3185:
3162:10.2307/3097105
3150:Social Problems
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3010:
2988:
2984:
2957:Foreign Affairs
2953:
2949:
2942:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2890:
2866:Ackerman, Peter
2863:
2859:
2852:
2836:
2832:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2777:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2721:
2675:underemployment
2671:extreme poverty
2630:1973 oil crisis
2622:
2616:
2596:
2564:Martial law era
2540:
2535:
2527:extreme poverty
2472:
2464:Main articles:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2356:
2350:
2300:Salvador Laurel
2236:
2173:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2069:Diet and health
2018:
2010:
2009:
1995:Siege of Marawi
1950:
1939:
1938:
1929:Fourth Republic
1909:
1898:
1897:
1863:
1852:
1851:
1827:Second Republic
1767:Negros Republic
1757:
1746:
1745:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1485:Kabayan Mummies
1355:
1344:
1343:
1252:Homo luzonensis
1242:
1211:the Philippines
1210:
1203:
1188:
1147:
1134:
1127:
1123:Edifice complex
1107:
1062:
1048:Marcos mansions
981:
980:
979:
945:
937:
936:
855:
847:
846:
810:
802:
801:
782:
720:
706:Military career
683:
681:
680:
679:
678:
674:
672:
671:
640:
615:
579:
532:
522:Philippine peso
506:
493:
480:
470:August 21, 1983
467:
454:
431:
414:Salvador Laurel
410:
398:
372:Salvador Laurel
368:
356:
326:
314:
286:
255:
251:
236:
216:
207:
195:
179:
178:
164:
160:
154:
149:Lupang Hinirang
136:
132:
122:
114:
113:
112:
107:
103:
95:
94:
91:
84:
66:
65:
56:
46:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6332:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6264:Here Lies Love
6259:
6257:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6085:Barber's Tales
6081:
6073:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6029:
6028:historiography
6023:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5897:
5895:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5833:
5831:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5777:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:1987 elections
5742:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5705:
5703:Ortigas Center
5700:
5695:
5690:
5688:Fort Magsaysay
5685:
5683:Fort Bonifacio
5680:
5675:
5670:
5668:Clark Air Base
5665:
5660:
5658:Camp Aguinaldo
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5634:Lakas ng Bayan
5627:
5616:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5541:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5471:Maximo Soliven
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5363:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5343:Rodolfo Biazon
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5328:Fidel V. Ramos
5318:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5284:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5244:
5232:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5207:Benito Tiamzon
5204:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Rolando Olalia
5186:
5181:
5176:
5174:Filemon Lagman
5171:
5166:
5165:Luis Jalandoni
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5131:Conrado Balweg
5128:
5126:Lean Alejandro
5123:
5121:Fidel Agcaoili
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Carol Pagaduan
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5001:Lean Alejandro
4990:
4988:Kidlat Tahimik
4985:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4900:Behn Cervantes
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Ishmael Bernal
4882:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4861:
4852:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4761:Pacifico Ortiz
4758:
4756:Violeta Marcos
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:Raul Manglapus
4614:
4612:Ernesto Maceda
4609:
4604:
4602:José B. Lingad
4599:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4564:Marcelo Fernan
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4524:Jacobo Amatong
4515:
4514:
4512:Rizal Yuyitung
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4423:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Armand Fabella
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Roberto Ongpin
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4082:Snap elections
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:1981 elections
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:1978 elections
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3964:1969 elections
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:1965 elections
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3833:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3774:
3755:
3721:
3695:
3683:Business World
3669:
3643:
3614:
3607:
3587:
3580:
3554:
3536:
3517:
3495:
3477:
3459:
3445:
3419:
3404:
3385:
3364:
3338:
3326:The ASEAN Post
3312:
3279:
3267:Business World
3253:
3227:
3212:
3183:
3156:(3): 355–375.
3136:
3111:
3097:
3077:
3057:
3015:
3008:
2982:
2963:(2): 392–410.
2947:
2940:
2920:
2912:
2888:
2857:
2850:
2830:
2808:
2797:
2764:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2717:
2704:statistics at
2618:Main article:
2615:
2612:
2595:
2592:
2588:Corazon Aquino
2578:following the
2547:dominant-party
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2520:Fifth Republic
2516:Corazon Aquino
2461:
2458:
2439:Main article:
2436:
2433:
2352:Main article:
2349:
2346:
2343:Manila in 1982
2326:Corazon Aquino
2302:, head of the
2296:Corazon Aquino
2235:
2232:
2228:Fifth Republic
2224:Corazon Aquino
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Historiography
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Communications
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:Queen consorts
2031:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Oakwood mutiny
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Fifth Republic
1951:
1949:(1986–present)
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Third Republic
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1782:Moro Rebellion
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1709:First Republic
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1609:Manila galleon
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1569:Treaty of Cebu
1566:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Monreal Stones
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1103:Marcos in film
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
939:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
873:
872:
862:
856:
849:
848:
845:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
811:
804:
803:
800:
799:
794:
789:
783:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
719:
718:
716:Prime Minister
713:
708:
703:
695:
694:
691:
690:
669:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
637:
628:
625:
624:
619:
607:
606:
601:
591:
590:
587:
581:
580:
578:
577:
564:
550:
548:
544:
543:
530:
526:
525:
519:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
501:
498:
497:
494:
488:
485:
484:
481:
475:
472:
471:
468:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
437:
436:
425:
421:
420:
417:
416:
411:
408:
405:
404:
399:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
383:Prime Minister
379:
378:
375:
374:
369:
366:
363:
362:
357:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
341:Vice President
337:
336:
333:
332:
330:Corazon Aquino
327:
324:
321:
320:
315:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
295:
294:
270:dominant-party
264:
260:
259:
246:
242:
241:
240:(metropolitan)
230:
226:
225:
201:
197:
196:
192:Southeast Asia
189:
181:
180:
162:
161:
138:
137:
134:
116:
115:
104:
97:
96:
92:
85:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:
64:
63:
47:
45:
44:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6389:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:distortionism
6306:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6164:
6163:
6162:The Kingmaker
6159:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6143:
6142:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6092:Batas Militar
6089:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6024:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:UP-DND accord
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5673:Club Filipino
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5625:Liberal Party
5623:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5529:
5528:Ronald Reagan
5526:
5524:
5523:Paul Manafort
5521:
5519:
5518:Richard Lugar
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:Armando Malay
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Ma Ceres Doyo
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5217:Antonio Zumel
5215:
5213:
5212:Wilma Tiamzon
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5156:Victor Corpus
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:Lorena Barros
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5106:
5105:Jessica Sales
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:Joel Lamangan
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5021:Liliosa Hilao
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:Bibeth Orteza
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4915:Butch Dalisay
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:Noel Cabangon
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4795:
4794:Ricardo Vidal
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4736:Tullio Favali
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Rene Saguisag
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:Vicente Jayme
4592:
4590:
4589:Evelio Javier
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Cesar Climaco
4537:
4535:
4534:Jejomar Binay
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4399:Jaime C. Laya
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Onofre Corpuz
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4248:Imelda Marcos
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Marcos jewels
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4168:
4167:Beew massacre
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:Daet massacre
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4097:Human rights
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Negros famine
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3942:Moro conflict
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3836:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3801:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3759:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3608:9780881323979
3604:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3581:9781416566830
3577:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3455:
3449:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3369:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2941:0-312-22864-3
2937:
2933:
2932:
2924:
2915:
2913:0-8283-1913-8
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2889:0-312-22864-3
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2725:Negros famine
2723:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:Negros famine
2694:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:, and severe
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2660:Latin America
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2570:. On 1986, A
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2482:Richard Lugar
2479:
2478:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:1978 election
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Moro conflict
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Manunggul Jar
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Marcos jewels
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
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986:
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966:
965:1986 election
963:
961:
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948:
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931:
930:Protest music
928:
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816:
815:1969 election
813:
812:
809:
808:
798:
795:
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790:
788:
787:1965 election
785:
784:
781:
780:
772:
771:Moro conflict
769:
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764:
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457:June 30, 1981
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235:(city proper)
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157:"Chosen Land"
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6104:
6099:Citizen Jake
6097:
6090:
6083:
6078:Ako si Ninoy
6076:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5907:
5900:
5774:Institutions
5618:
5617:
5542:
5503:Philip Habib
5456:Alex Orcullo
5421:Chit Estella
5384:
5383:
5364:
5320:
5319:
5303:Victor Batac
5273:
5272:
5233:
5228:Armed Forces
5179:Satur Ocampo
5141:Walden Bello
5066:Susan Quimpo
5036:Edgar Jopson
4992:
4991:
4960:Leah Navarro
4925:Nick Joaquin
4859:Danny Javier
4844:
4828:Jesus Varela
4789:Carlos Tayag
4776:James Reuter
4707:
4706:
4697:Haydee Yorac
4517:
4516:
4497:Jaime Ongpin
4475:
4474:
4424:
4384:Cesar Virata
4284:Romeo Espino
3885:
3823:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3734:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3707:
3698:
3686:. Retrieved
3682:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3656:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3630:
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3539:
3530:
3525:L., Edward.
3520:
3511:
3498:
3489:
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3471:
3462:
3448:
3436:. Retrieved
3422:
3413:
3407:
3398:
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3380:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:
3315:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3200:Philstar.com
3199:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3087:
3080:
3067:
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3031:
3018:
2991:
2985:
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2956:
2950:
2930:
2923:
2898:
2874:
2870:DuVall, Jack
2860:
2840:
2833:
2824:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2784:
2757:November 21,
2755:. Retrieved
2751:the original
2745:
2739:
2714:
2702:infant death
2695:
2691:malnutrition
2664:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2626:
2623:
2597:
2560:dictatorship
2541:
2524:
2505:
2486:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2422:
2410:Sara Duterte
2398:
2378:Alejo Santos
2374:World War II
2360:
2359:
2357:
2319:
2308:
2283:assassinated
2280:
2273:
2270:Cesar Virata
2262:Alejo Santos
2255:
2237:
2216:inauguration
2187:
2184:
2180:
2178:
1807:World War II
1802:Commonwealth
1719:
1718:
1553:
1520:Barter rings
1458:
1457:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1319:Kalanay Cave
1297:
1296:
1277:Jade culture
1128:
1109:
1108:
1064:
1063:
1034:
1033:
983:
982:
941:
940:
850:
805:
777:
756:Gintong Alay
722:
721:
604:Succeeded by
603:
598:
409:• 1986
402:Cesar Virata
367:• 1986
359:
325:• 1986
283:dictatorship
238:Metro Manila
229:Largest city
221:
218:Metro Manila
212:
203:
145:
141:
120:Motto:
119:
106:Coat of arms
18:
6256:Other media
6057:individuals
6047:EDSA Shrine
6026:Legacy and
6013:Raised fist
5987:Never again
5513:Paul Laxalt
5396:David Bueno
5359:Journalists
5315:Billy Bibit
5266:Brig. Gen.
5161:Maita Gomez
4880:Lino Brocka
4869:Jim Paredes
4824:Felix Perez
4780:Rudy Romano
4289:Fidel Ramos
4177:Kleptocracy
3947:Sabah claim
3932:Vietnam War
3811:Works cited
3438:October 27,
3357:November 9,
3331:October 15,
3265:. Opinion.
2667:debt crisis
2576:Philippines
2489:Butz Aquino
2330:kleptocracy
2049:Archaeology
2044:Agriculture
1924:Martial law
1908:(1965–1986)
1862:(1946–1965)
1756:(1898–1946)
1741:Velarde map
1726:Boxer Codex
1550:(1565–1898)
1339:Shell tools
1314:Grave goods
1209:History of
1088:Solid North
925:Protest art
906:Resistance
892:Masagana 99
852:Martial law
842:Vietnam War
807:Second term
599:Preceded by
547:Date format
435:(1984–1986)
430:(1978–1984)
424:Legislature
288:Provisional
285:(1981–1986)
233:Quezon City
109:(1978–1985)
6341:Categories
6113:Dekada '70
6008:Laban sign
5934:Dekada '70
5919:Literature
5663:Camp Crame
5536:Political
5401:Joe Burgos
5385:Opposition
5365:Pro-Marcos
5240:Commodore
5199:Nilo Tayag
4935:Inang Laya
4294:Fabian Ver
3894:Background
2790:August 17,
2731:References
2696:After the
2533:Government
2240:Corruption
2234:Background
2000:Bangsamoro
1906:Marcos era
1837:Hukbalahap
1515:Piloncitos
1354:(900–1565)
1030:(daughter)
1024:(daughter)
1018:(daughter)
915:Indigenous
902:Journalism
779:First term
741:Monopolies
724:Presidency
701:Early life
263:Government
155:(English:
6291:Makinilya
5716:Aftermath
5652:Locations
5485:American
5326:Lt. Gen.
4940:Ricky Lee
4920:The Jerks
4731:Joe Dizon
4358:Lucio Tan
4262:Relatives
3794:cite book
3743:0458-3035
3170:0037-7791
3104:March 27,
2638:oil price
2594:1986-1987
2538:1981-1986
2500:Jaime Sin
2414:Mar Roxas
2094:Languages
2084:Geography
2074:Education
2059:Conflicts
1792:Jones Law
1720:Artifacts
1654:Katipunan
1589:New Spain
1257:Tabon Man
1241:(pre-900)
1000:(brother)
910:Religious
585:Drives on
529:Time zone
299:President
204:1976–1986
71:1981–1986
6298:Voltes V
6284:Kalapati
5996:Gestures
5873:Tatsulok
5859:Magkaisa
5845:Bayan Ko
5730:Nepotism
4270:Rolex 12
3927:Cold War
3239:. IMHO.
2977:20042190
2872:(2000).
2719:See also
2557:conjugal
2555:under a
2497:Cardinal
2388:for the
2376:veteran
2244:nepotism
2210:won the
2114:Politics
2104:Military
2099:Medicine
2017:By topic
1975:EDSA III
1490:Baybayin
1465:Maragtas
1433:Sanmalan
1413:Madja-as
1368:Caboloan
1304:Balangay
1230:Timeline
1200:a series
1198:Part of
1155:Category
1010:Bongbong
998:Pacifico
994:(father)
877:Rolex 12
820:campaign
761:Timeline
518:Currency
280:conjugal
278:under a
249:Filipino
222:de facto
40:Filipino
6270:musical
5965:Slogans
4425:Leaders
4258:Cronies
3748:May 14,
3714:May 14,
3688:May 14,
3662:May 14,
3657:Rappler
3636:May 14,
3631:Rappler
3399:Rappler
3272:May 14,
3246:May 14,
3241:Rappler
3224:YouTube
3205:May 18,
3178:3097105
3129:May 18,
3052:7846928
2706:Bacolod
2700:, 1985
2687:350,000
2614:Economy
2544:Unitary
2380:of the
2368:of the
2264:of the
2200:Spanish
2192:Tagalog
2079:Economy
1564:Sandugo
1525:Luzones
1418:Dapitan
1388:Maynila
1383:Namayan
1110:Related
992:Mariano
920:Workers
870:Torture
746:Cronies
736:Economy
502:•
489:•
476:•
463:•
440:History
267:Unitary
257:Spanish
253:English
213:de jure
200:Capital
142:Anthem:
59:Spanish
6155:Katips
6148:Imelda
6120:Eskapo
6003:V sign
5909:Sakada
5723:Events
5693:Hawaii
5295:BGen.
5259:Capt.
5252:Capt.
4236:Regime
4229:People
4099:abuses
4009:Events
3831:
3741:
3605:
3578:
3176:
3168:
3095:
3050:
3006:
2975:
2938:
2910:
2886:
2848:
2679:Negros
2654:, and
2512:Hawaii
2332:and a
2298:, and
2185:Fourth
2029:Rulers
1554:Events
1428:Butuan
1408:Sandao
1403:Pulilu
1393:Ibalon
1373:Cainta
1202:on the
1153:
1073:Burial
1066:Legacy
1006:(wife)
1004:Imelda
985:Family
536:+08:00
443:
387:
345:
303:
293:(1986)
209:Manila
144:
55:
36:
6218:Pisay
6176:Liway
6069:Films
5829:Songs
5821:Media
5341:Col.
5313:Col.
5307:Col.
5301:Col.
5286:Col.
5246:Col.
3508:(PDF)
3220:Video
3174:JSTOR
3072:(PDF)
3048:S2CID
3028:(PDF)
2973:JSTOR
2408:when
2248:lupus
2109:Names
1378:Tondo
1028:Aimee
1022:Irene
1012:(son)
675:about
589:right
5347:Lt.
5263:, PN
5256:, PN
4260:and
3875:and
3829:ISBN
3800:link
3750:2018
3739:ISSN
3716:2018
3690:2018
3664:2018
3638:2018
3603:ISBN
3576:ISBN
3440:2018
3359:2018
3333:2021
3274:2018
3248:2018
3207:2021
3166:ISSN
3131:2021
3106:2022
3093:ISBN
3004:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2908:ISBN
2894:; ^
2884:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2792:2021
2759:2022
2632:and
2598:The
2514:and
2474:The
2468:and
2445:The
2418:2004
2406:2022
2358:The
2179:The
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1398:Ma-i
1083:Bust
1016:Imee
575:yyyy
562:yyyy
93:Flag
3301:doi
3222:on
3158:doi
3040:doi
2996:doi
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540:PST
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