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Ufficiale del Sacro Militare Ordine Costantiniano di San Giorgio - Official Site of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George | Site Officiel de l’Ordre Sacré et Militaire Constantinien de Saint-Georges | Sitio official de la Sagrada Orden Militar Constantiniana de San Jorge | Die
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by the
Piedmontese began on 6 November 1860. Both Francis II and his wife behaved with great coolness and courage. Even after the French fleet, whose presence had prevented an attack by sea, was withdrawn, they still resisted. It was not until 13 February 1861 that the fortress capitulated.
519:
and was advancing northward. After long hesitations and even an appeal to
Garibaldi himself and on the advice of Romano, Francis II left Naples on 6 September with his wife, Maria Sophie; the court; and the diplomatic corps (except the French and British ministers) and went by sea to
619:
victory against
Austria in 1866 and the subsequent expansion of Italian territory, they disbanded this government and left Rome before it was occupied by the Italians in 1870. They led a wandering life from then on by living in Austria,
466:
excepted), but
Francis rejected the idea, which to him seemed like heresy. Filangieri strongly advocated a constitution as the only measure which might save the dynasty, but on the king's refusal, he resigned.
514:
became head of the government. The disintegration of the army and navy proceeded apace, and Cavour sent a
Piedmontese squadron carrying troops on board to watch over these events. Garibaldi had crossed the
411:) However, their marriage was unhappy. Their only daughter, Maria Cristina, was born ten years after her parents married and lived only three months (24 December 1869 – 28 March 1870).
1539:
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gathered his troops, who surrounded the mutineers and shot them down. The incident resulted in the disbanding of the whole Swiss Guard, which was the strongest bulwark of the
2909:
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Those events at last coaxed
Francis II into granting a constitution, but its promulgation was followed by disorders in Naples and the resignation of several ministers;
2593:
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was preparing for a raid in the south of Italy. A conspiracy in Sicily was discovered and the plotters punished with brutal severity, but
Rosalino Pilo and
380:, where he was born in 1836. His education had been much neglected and he proved a man of weak character, greatly influenced by his stepmother, Archduchess
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Francis II took the throne on 22 May 1859, after the death of his father. For the post of prime minister, he at once appointed
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On 11 December 2020, the cause of the beatification of King
Francis II of the Two Sicilies was introduced by
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The next day, Garibaldi entered Naples, was enthusiastically welcomed, and formed a provisional government.
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mutinied, and while the king mollified them by promising to redress their grievances, General
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Meanwhile, the revolutionary parties were conspiring for the overthrow of the
Bourbons in
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1617:"On the Opening of the Beatification Process of Francis II of Bourbon-Two Sicilies"
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offizielle Webseite des heiligen konstantinischen Ritterordens vom Heiligen Georg
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King Francis II of Naples and Queen Maria Sofia leave Gaeta of the Two Sicilies.
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1552:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 936.
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332:. He was the last King of the Two Sicilies as successive invasions by
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1914:
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ceased to exist, and its territory was incorporated into that of the
423:, who realised the importance of the Franco-Piedmontese victories in
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had decided on the invasion of the Papal States and after occupying
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Ă–sterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
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Francis II photographed with his wife Maria Sophie c. 1860
1984:
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Le livre d'or de l'ordre de LĂ©opold et de la croix de fer
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that was recognised by some Catholic powers, including
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and advised Francis II to accept the alliance with the
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
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1570:
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Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
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1806:
Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg
1641:
524:, where a large part of the army was concentrated.
1664:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisĂłn de oro"
1559:
647:to the throne of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
384:, whom he feared, and also by the priests and the
340:ultimately brought an end to his rule, as part of
2920:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (military class)
1776:Staatshandbuch fĂĽr den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66
1756:(in German). Königl. Oberpostamt. 1867. p. 8
507:, he conquered the island with astonishing ease.
2866:
639:Upon the death of Francis II, his half-brother,
458:Cavour again proposed an alliance to divide the
1753:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern
832:: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal and Military
2252:
1970:
462:between Piedmont and Naples (the province of
1635:
2890:Monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
961:Ancestors of Francis II of the Two Sicilies
2259:
2245:
1977:
1963:
1795:. Stamperia Granducale. 1840. p. 275.
328:; 16 January 1836 – 27 December 1894) was
27:
16:King of the Two Sicilies from 1859 to 1861
2385:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
88:Head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1348:Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este
474:
449:
2900:Burials at the Basilica of Santa Chiara
2803:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
2472:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
1578:
1534:
1406:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
651:Cause of beatification and canonization
530:
470:
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2109:Prince Januarius, Count of Caltagirone
1327:
1207:
1203:
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624:and Bavaria. In 1894, Francis died at
2915:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
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2125:Prince Ferdinando Pio, Duke of Castro
1986:Kings and Princes of the Two Sicilies
1958:
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2767:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
2467:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2808:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
1722:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
13:
2782:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
2772:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
2447:Second Italian War of Independence
2046:Charles Ferdinand, Prince of Capua
352:were merged into the newly formed
14:
2961:
2777:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
2482:Third Italian War of Independence
2452:United Provinces of Central Italy
2407:First Italian War of Independence
2161:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
2051:Prince Leopold, Count of Syracuse
1941:20 March 1861 – 27 December 1894
1818:
1792:Almanacco Toscano per l'anno 1855
1740:, 1886 – via hathitrust.org
1584:
1286:Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
372:, Francis II was the last of the
318:Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo
236:Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo
2331:
2182:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
2166:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Castro
2099:Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
2094:Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta
2066:Prince Francis, Count of Trapani
1994:Generations, in accordance with
1947:Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta
1824:
1808:(1886/7), "Königliche Orden" p.
1522:
1489:
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1070:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
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366:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
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97:20 March 1861 – 27 December 1894
2885:Princes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1998:, are numbered by descent from
1841:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
1799:
1783:
1670:(in Spanish). 1893. p. 137
1540:Francis II. of the Two Sicilies
986:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
811:Military Order of Maria Theresa
201:
2741:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
2549:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
2497:Italian entry into World War I
2203:Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria
2135:Prince Ranieri, Duke of Castro
2104:Prince Pasquale, Count of Bari
2056:Prince Antonio, Count of Lecce
1831:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
1767:
1744:
1714:
1682:
1656:
1609:
1228:Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia
1190:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
943:Order of the WĂĽrttemberg Crown
688:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
364:The only son and heir of King
338:Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia
1:
2594:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
2061:Prince Louis, Count of Aquila
1846:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1515:
1374:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
1254:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
1012:Francis I of the Two Sicilies
407:(a younger sister of Empress
388:, the reactionary court set.
359:
252:House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
34:
2925:19th-century Roman Catholics
2665:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
2360:Revolutions during the 1820s
2187:Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro
2089:Prince Louis, Count of Trani
1894:22 May 1859 – 20 March 1861
1779:. Heinrich. 1866. p. 4.
1642:Ferdinand Veldekens (1858).
952:
578:
409:Elisabeth "Sissi" of Austria
344:. After he was deposed, the
7:
2940:Roman Catholic royal saints
2844:Revisionism of Risorgimento
2422:Sicilian revolution of 1848
2303:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2298:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1454:
585:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
435:. On 7 June, a part of the
346:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
217:Princess Maria Cristina Pia
137:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
53:22 May 1859 – 20 March 1861
10:
2966:
2751:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
2457:Expedition of the Thousand
2323:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2219:Prince Jaime, Duke of Noto
2023:Leopold, Prince of Salerno
1510:Siege of Gaeta (1860–1861)
1321:
1205:
1079:
973:
760:Order of the Golden Fleece
674:
505:Expedition of the Thousand
395:, Francis married Duchess
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2736:Franz Joseph I of Austria
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2613:Literature and philosophy
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1936:King of the Two Sicilies
1890:King of the Two Sicilies
1726:Preussische Ordens-Liste
1312:Maria Christina of Savoy
853:Order of the Black Eagle
657:Crescenzio Cardinal Sepe
414:
382:Maria Theresa of Austria
370:Maria Christina of Savoy
330:King of the Two Sicilies
272:Maria Christina of Savoy
44:King of the Two Sicilies
2935:Italian Servants of God
2930:Italian Roman Catholics
2895:Diabetes-related deaths
2715:Francesco Saverio Salfi
2705:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
1592:"The Bourbons in Exile"
1549:Encyclopædia Britannica
1132:Maria Isabella of Spain
397:Maria Sophie of Bavaria
325:
190:Maria Sophie of Bavaria
2746:Klemens von Metternich
2313:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2268:Unification of Italy (
1668:GuĂa Oficial de España
922:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
906:Order of the Rue Crown
737:: Grand Cordon of the
480:
455:
391:On 3 February 1859 in
313:
235:
129:Royal Palace of Naples
2787:Tricolour Flag Museum
2559:Federico Confalonieri
2390:Republic of San Marco
1929:— TITULAR —
941:: Grand Cross of the
924:: Grand Cross of the
885:Order of Saint Hubert
779:: Grand Cross of the
478:
453:
2442:Plombières Agreement
2229:Kings are in italics
1851:Cadet branch of the
1833:at Wikimedia Commons
1164:Maria Luisa of Parma
834:Order of Saint Louis
801:Order of St. Stephen
667:declared the king a
661:Archbishop of Naples
570:still held out. The
568:Civitella del Tronto
531:Piedmontese invasion
503:(May 1860) with his
471:Garibaldi's invasion
441:Alessandro Nunziante
177:Santa Chiara, Naples
2834:Italian nationalism
2829:Italian irredentism
2824:Altare della Patria
2620:Giovanni Arrivabene
2427:Ten Days of Brescia
2380:Revolutions of 1848
2365:Revolutions of 1830
2350:Rimini Proclamation
2288:Kingdom of Sardinia
1902:Italian Unification
1106:Charles IV of Spain
926:Order of St. Joseph
799:Grand Cross of the
597:government in exile
589:Kingdom of Sardinia
558:By late 1860, only
429:Kingdom of Sardinia
368:by his first wife,
350:Kingdom of Sardinia
342:Italian unification
2950:Dethroned monarchs
2685:Alessandro Manzoni
2675:Francesco Lomonaco
2604:Victor Emmanuel II
2569:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2412:Five Days of Milan
2280:Pre-unitary states
1996:agnatic succession
1915:Titles in pretence
1898:Kingdom Abolished
1648:. lelong. p.
881:Kingdom of Bavaria
846:Kingdom of Prussia
591:(soon renamed the
549:Battle of Volturno
537:Victor Emmanuel II
493:Giuseppe Garibaldi
481:
456:
334:Giuseppe Garibaldi
80:Victor Emmanuel II
72:Position abolished
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2660:Vincenzo Gioberti
2640:Felice Cavallotti
2539:Massimo d'Azeglio
2492:Law of Guarantees
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1953:
1952:
1944:Succeeded by
1931:
1908:
1829:Media related to
1696:, 1894, pp.
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902:Kingdom of Saxony
830:Kingdom of France
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517:strait of Messina
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166:(now Arco, Italy)
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2650:Giuseppe Ferrari
2584:Bettino Ricasoli
2579:Giuseppe Mazzini
2564:Francesco Crispi
2544:Agostino Bertani
2518:Cockade of Italy
2502:Impresa di Fiume
2432:Belfiore martyrs
2417:Sortie on Mestre
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1921:Preceded by
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1880:Preceded by
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1869:27 December 1894
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1854:House of Bourbon
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1594:. Archived from
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1505:History of Italy
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1469:Biography portal
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883:: Knight of the
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866:20 February 1861
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781:Order of Pedro I
777:Empire of Brazil
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758:: Knight of the
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739:Order of Leopold
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593:Kingdom of Italy
497:Francesco Crispi
421:Carlo Filangieri
354:Kingdom of Italy
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152:27 December 1894
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76:Kingdom of Italy
36:
33:King Francis II
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18:
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2710:Antonio Rosmini
2680:Goffredo Mameli
2630:Giosuè Carducci
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2599:Ruggero Settimo
2527:
2506:
2487:Capture of Rome
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794:Austrian Empire
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785:
770:
768:
749:
747:
728:
726:
705:Reference style
687:
685:
682:
677:
653:
609:Austria-Hungary
581:
533:
473:
445:Bourbon dynasty
417:
399:, of the royal
362:
207:
204: 1859)
199:
195:
192:
179:
165:
163:Austria-Hungary
157:
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139:
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126:16 January 1836
121:
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74:Land seized by
73:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2700:Carlo Pisacane
2697:
2695:Silvio Pellico
2692:
2690:Ippolito Nievo
2687:
2682:
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2672:
2667:
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2477:Roman Question
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2377:
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2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2328:
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2325:
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2318:Duchy of Parma
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2292:House of Savoy
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2212:8th generation
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2196:7th generation
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2175:6th generation
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2154:5th generation
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2145:Prince Gabriel
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:Infante Carlos
2127:
2121:
2119:
2118:4th generation
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2078:
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2075:3rd generation
2072:
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2069:
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2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2032:2nd generation
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2009:1st generation
2006:
2005:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1906:House of Savoy
1895:
1886:
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1875:Regnal titles
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1820:
1819:External links
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1690:"Ritter-Orden"
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1536:Villari, Luigi
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862:Pour le MĂ©rite
859:
851:Knight of the
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819:
818:
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809:Knight of the
807:
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745:
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713:
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707:
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692:
691:
676:
673:
669:Servant of God
652:
649:
641:Prince Alfonso
580:
577:
572:Siege of Gaeta
532:
529:
512:Liborio Romano
472:
469:
416:
413:
361:
358:
326:Francischieddu
297:
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156:(aged 58)
150:
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117:
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112:
109:
108:
106:Prince Alfonso
103:
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2796:National days
2794:
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2597:
2595:
2592:
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2589:Aurelio Saffi
2587:
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2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Daniele Manin
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
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2554:Celso Ceretti
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
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2534:
2530:
2524:
2523:Flag of Italy
2521:
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2503:
2500:
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2375:Neo-Guelphism
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2140:Prince Philip
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2019:
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2014:
2013:
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1991:
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1731:
1728:(in German),
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1598:on 2012-09-15
1597:
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30:
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20:
2740:
2731:Pope Pius IX
2625:Cesare Balbo
2532:Main leaders
2402:Quadrilatero
2308:Papal States
2270:Risorgimento
2269:
2082:
2081:
2040:Ferdinand II
2038:
2015:
1999:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1897:
1888:
1883:Ferdinand II
1866:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1785:
1775:
1769:
1758:. Retrieved
1752:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1705:, retrieved
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1644:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1624:. 2020-12-16
1620:
1611:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1586:
1579:Villari 1911
1547:
1483:Italy portal
1189:
946:
909:
888:
865:
864:(military),
856:
814:
804:
764:15 June 1844
763:
742:
719:Your Majesty
716:Spoken style
686:
665:Pope Francis
654:
638:
615:. After the
582:
557:
534:
526:
509:
482:
460:Papal States
457:
431:proposed by
418:
390:
363:
317:
314:Francesco II
301:
300:
262:Ferdinand II
175:Basilica of
154:(1894-12-27)
71:
62:Ferdinand II
2880:1894 deaths
2875:1836 births
2655:Ugo Foscolo
2437:Crimean War
2370:Young Italy
2001:Ferdinand I
939:WĂĽrttemberg
857:4 June 1853
743:9 June 1855
710:His Majesty
437:Swiss Guard
405:Wittelsbach
282:Catholicism
58:Predecessor
2869:Categories
2854:Third Rome
2083:Francis II
1904:under the
1760:2019-07-15
1732:, Berlin:
1628:2022-01-24
1602:2013-04-20
1516:References
583:Thus, the
360:Early life
306:Neapolitan
302:Francis II
122:1836-01-16
22:Francis II
2839:Redshirts
2724:Opponents
2355:Carbonari
2017:Francis I
1707:13 August
1674:13 August
1538:(1911). "
953:Ancestors
683:Styles of
645:pretender
579:Overthrow
403:house of
386:camarilla
376:kings of
288:Signature
102:Successor
68:Successor
2342:Timeline
1455:See also
630:Trentino
617:Prussian
543:and the
485:Calabria
425:Lombardy
401:Bavarian
348:and the
322:Sicilian
278:Religion
2760:Museums
2511:Symbols
1923:Himself
1546:(ed.).
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735:Belgium
675:Honours
613:Bavaria
564:Messina
501:Marsala
374:Bourbon
310:Italian
232:Italian
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491:, and
489:Sicily
433:Cavour
378:Naples
268:Mother
258:Father
184:Spouse
171:Burial
133:Naples
94:Tenure
78:under
2817:Other
1867:Died:
1860:Born:
756:Spain
605:Spain
560:Gaeta
553:Capua
535:King
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415:Reign
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226:Names
213:Issue
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