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concentrated enemy fire from gun positions advantageously located in a palm grove bounded by submerged rice paddies. Finding the first four waves of
American soldiers leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach, he immediately assumed command. Issuing clear and concise orders, and disregarding heavy enemy machine gun and rifle fire, he began to move inland through the rice paddies without cover. The men, inspired by his cool demeanor and heroic example, rose from their positions and followed him. During the advance, Captain Wai repeatedly determined the locations of enemy strong points by deliberately exposing himself to draw their fire. In leading an assault upon the last remaining Japanese pillbox in the area, he was killed by its occupants. Captain Wai's courageous, aggressive leadership inspired the men, even after his death, to advance and destroy the enemy. His intrepid and determined efforts were largely responsible for the rapidity with which the initial beachhead was secured. Captain Wai's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.
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49:
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When the 34th
Infantry landed at Red Beach, the Japanese forces stationed on the island concentrated their fire on the waves of incoming troops from gun positions located in a palm grove bounded by submerged rice paddies. Wai arrived on the beach in the fifth wave and found one of the rifle company
800:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Captain
Francis B. Wai distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action, on 20 October 1944, in Leyte, Philippine Islands. Captain Wai landed at Red Beach, Leyte, in the face of accurate,
527:, to conduct a full review of military records. The review concluded that 22 Asian Americans, including Wai, did not receive full consideration for the Medal of Honor. In 2000, Wai's Distinguished Service Cross was upgraded to the Medal of Honor by the US Army. On June 21, 2000, President
258:
As a youngster, Wai liked to surf and he played several sports in high school and college. He graduated from college with a degree in finance. Although he initially planned to work with his father, he joined the Hawaii
National Guard in 1940, and was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1941.
354:, he received a commission as a second lieutenant on September 27, 1941. His commission was rare at a time when few Asian Americans were allowed to serve in combat leadership roles. He was eventually assigned as an intelligence officer with Headquarters Company,
326:. At UCLA, he was a four sport athlete and graduated on January 31, 1940 with a bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. He intended to work alongside his father in real estate and banking but instead joined the military upon the outbreak of World War II.
516:, the 34th Infantry commander, recommended Wai for a posthumous Medal of Honor for his actions on Leyte. Wai was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross; Newman was also awarded a DSC for his actions on October 20, 1944.
535:, presented the Medal of Honor to each of the 22 Asian Americans whose Distinguished Service Crosses were upgraded to the Medal of Honor. President Clinton presented Wai's MOH to his brother, Robert Wai Sr., during the ceremony.
433:. Wai's regiment captured the Sorido and Borokoe airdromes before returning to the division on Hollandia in July. In two months, the 34th Infantry and Wai had crossed New Guinea and recaptured three airdromes from the Japanese.
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commanders in the 3rd
Battalion, 34th Infantry had been killed and most members of the battalion were leaderless, disorganized, and pinned down on the open beach. Assuming command, and using a BAR (
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489:. The Leyte operation was to be the crucial battle of the war in the Pacific. On its outcome would depend the fate of the Philippines and the future course of the war against Japan.
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Wai was originally awarded the
Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) posthumously in 1944. In 2000, his DSC was upgraded by the US Army to the Medal of Honor.
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386:, on the eastern coast of Australia. Wai and the rest of the unit began intensive combat training. With training completed, the division moved to
445:
A tactical map for the
Invasion of Leyte on October 20, 1944. The 24th Infantry Division landed in the northern part of the island with X Corps.
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In May 1943, Captain Wai deployed to
Australia with the 24th Infantry Division and by September 19, 1943, the unit was at Camp Caves, near
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in combat. After an extensive review of military awards in 2000, his DSC was upgraded to the Medal of Honor (MOH). Wai is the only
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and embarked on
October 13, 1944. The invasion began on October 17. On October 20, the 24th Infantry Division was paired with the
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despite torrential rain and marshy terrain. Shortly after the
Hollandia landing, the division's 34th Infantry Regiment moved to
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Of those whose military decorations for valor were upgraded, Wai was one of only two who did not belong to the predominantly
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504:(better known as the "Punchbowl") and a military funeral was conducted for him on September 8, 1949 in Honolulu, Hawaii.
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in October 1940 and was called into active duty before the United States' entrance into World War II. After completing
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In 1996, amid allegations of prejudicial treatment of Asian Americans in uniform in World War II, Congress directed
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Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Stories of Sacrifice, Francis B. Wai
963:"Clinton awards Medal of Honor to 22 Asian-American World War II veterans"
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461:(left), wade ashore in the 24th Infantry Division sector at Red Beach,
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Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States
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Go for Broke: The Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany
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370:, exchanging fire with Japanese aircraft during the December 7, 1941
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United States Army Center of Military History, 34th Infantry Honors
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After occupying the Hollandia area, Wai's Division was assigned to
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Medal of Honor Action Place: Red Beach, Leyte, Philippine Islands
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within X Corps, and the two divisions made an assault landing at
366:, Oahu, was among the first American units to be involved in the
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who was killed in action during the U.S. amphibious assault and
1223:"Asian-Pacific American World War II Medal of Honor recipients"
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
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929:"21 Asian American World War II Vets to Get Medal of Honor"
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posthumously for extraordinary heroism in action on Leyte.
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Unit/Command: Headquarters Company, 34th Infantry Regiment
1446:
The Pacific War Companion: from Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima
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1145:
1619:
Burials in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific
1253:"Cemeteries – National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific"
266:(DSC), the United States' second highest decoration for
1287:"Redemption at Leyte: U.S. Army Captain Francis B. Wai"
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American military personnel of Native Hawaiian descent
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with the rank of captain. The 24th Division, based at
30:"Francis Wai" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1198:
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United States Army personnel killed in World War II
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897:
895:
845:List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
286:who immigrated to Hawaii and Rosina Wai, a Native
1340:"22 Asian Americans Inducted into Hall of Heroes"
1540:
1085:"Captain Francis B. Wai: UCLA and American Hero"
892:
565:Captain Wai's military decorations and awards:
500:Wai's remains were permanently interred at the
457:and staff, accompanied by Philippine president
302:, who later became an actor. He graduated from
1574:American military personnel of Chinese descent
1398:Medal of Honor: Historical Facts & Figures
1609:World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
1291:United States Army Center of Military History
1227:United States Army Center of Military History
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789:Medal of Honor Action Date: October 20, 1944
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322:for two years before transferring in 1937 to
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274:soldier to ever receive the Medal of Honor.
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232:(April 14, 1917 – October 20, 1944) was a
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1054:"Captain B. Wai:UCLA and American Hero"
1020:"Leyte 1944: The Ballad of Francis Wai"
477:in preparation for the invasion of the
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1400:. New York: Turner Publishing Company.
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421:on April 22, 1944 and seized the
27:United States Army captain (1917–1944)
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764:Philippine Presidential Unit Citation
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390:on January 31, 1944, to prepare for
338:Wai at the beginning of World War II
241:liberation of the Philippine Islands
1420:. New York: American Legacy Media.
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787:Military Service Branch: U.S. Army
290:. Growing up, he often surfed with
24:
1083:Lee, Meredith (11 November 2013).
1052:Lee, Meredith (11 November 2013).
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25:
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1285:Stenger, Dieter (December 2014).
961:McDermott, Anne (June 21, 2000).
840:List of Medal of Honor recipients
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53:Captain Francis B. Wai, U.S. Army
1614:Hawaii people of Chinese descent
1599:Military personnel from Honolulu
1338:Williams, Rudi (June 28, 2000).
1229:. August 3, 2009. Archived from
1124:"Francis Wai: A Hero Remembered"
1091:. UCLA Athletics. Archived from
1060:. UCLA Athletics. Archived from
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1342:. American Forces Press Service
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1255:. U.S. Dept. of Veteran Affairs
927:Williams, Rudi (May 19, 2000).
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1126:. Ethen Lieser. Archived from
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721:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
701:American Defense Service Medal
262:Wai was initially awarded the
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1:
1412:Sterner, C. Douglass (2007).
933:American Forces Press Service
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394:, the amphibious invasion of
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547:442nd Regimental Combat Team
417:The 24th Division landed at
294:, regarded as the father of
7:
1569:United States Army officers
1360:17 Oct. 1944 to 4 July 1945
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812:UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame
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783:Conflict/era: World War II
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264:Distinguished Service Cross
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810:Wai was inducted into the
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431:41st Infantry Division
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372:attack on Pearl Harbor
360:24th Infantry Division
356:34th Infantry Regiment
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180:24th Infantry Division
176:34th Infantry Regiment
1584:Punahou School alumni
1373:. C. Douglass Sterner
965:. CNN. Archived from
814:on October 11, 2014.
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555:7th Infantry Regiment
525:Secretary of the Army
465:, on 20 October 1944.
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352:Fort Benning, Georgia
344:Hawaii National Guard
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251:. He was awarded the
149:Years of service
1233:on September 4, 2009
483:1st Cavalry Division
342:Wai enlisted in the
1396:Owens, Ron (2004).
1130:on December 2, 2008
969:on February 8, 2009
76:Territory of Hawaii
1095:on 2 February 2014
549:; the other being
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423:Hollandia Airdrome
392:Operation Reckless
378:Operation Reckless
364:Schofield Barracks
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540:Japanese American
512:In 1944, Colonel
455:Douglas MacArthur
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388:Goodenough Island
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1346:February 21,
1344:. Retrieved
1333:
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1294:. Retrieved
1280:
1269:
1259:February 21,
1257:. Retrieved
1247:
1235:. Retrieved
1231:the original
1200:
1193:Marston 2005
1188:
1181:Marston 2005
1176:
1168:
1152:Sterner 2007
1132:. Retrieved
1128:the original
1097:. Retrieved
1093:the original
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1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1057:
1028:. Retrieved
1023:
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973:February 21,
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967:the original
943:February 21,
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
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806:Other honors
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780:
730:bronze stars
696:Purple Heart
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529:Bill Clinton
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249:World War II
229:
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222:Purple Heart
203:
186:Battles/wars
87:(1944-10-20)
1554:1944 deaths
1549:1917 births
1528:January 11,
1274:TRACESOFWAR
1205:Horner 2003
1134:January 11,
706:bronze star
533:White House
479:Philippines
384:Rockhampton
152:1940 – 1944
96:Philippines
32:Francis Lai
18:Francis Wai
1543:Categories
1237:August 25,
1058:pac-12.com
988:Owens 2004
881:References
278:Early life
193:New Guinea
118:Allegiance
65:1917-04-14
1171:, p. 527.
1099:26 August
1068:March 21,
1030:March 20,
861:Footnotes
412:Indonesia
406:, in the
396:Hollandia
1484:(2003).
818:See also
795:Citation
717:3rd row
692:2nd row
682:1st row
453:General
404:Jayapura
312:Honolulu
288:Hawaiian
134:Service/
72:Honolulu
1476:. 1959.
1390:General
1296:July 4,
1169:Almanac
777:Details
704:with 1
553:of the
523:, then
473:of the
471:X Corps
296:surfing
284:Chinese
237:captain
204:†
166:Captain
1496:
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1424:
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1026:. 2020
886:Inline
728:and 2
316:Hawaii
298:, and
214:Awards
200:
136:branch
127:
111:Hawaii
724:with
487:Leyte
463:Leyte
437:Leyte
408:Papua
402:(now
268:valor
245:Japan
243:from
92:Leyte
1530:2010
1494:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1433:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1379:2008
1348:2008
1298:2016
1261:2008
1239:2009
1136:2010
1101:2014
1070:2021
1032:2021
975:2008
945:2008
427:Biak
324:UCLA
172:Unit
157:Rank
82:Died
59:Born
414:).
350:at
310:in
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