Geographical distribution of French speakers

286: 144: 93: 2229: 1024: 7372:, the natively spoken language of Luxembourg. French is primarily used for administrative purposes by the government, is the language in which laws are published since the law of 1984 and is also the primary language used to converse with foreigners. Luxembourg's education system is trilingual: the first cycle of basic school is in Luxembourgish, before changing officially to German for most branches; while in secondary school, the language of instruction changes to French for most subjects, such as mathematics and science. At the Luxembourg University courses are offered in French, German and English. 8429: 3785: 688: 8425: 3553: 5270: 4655: 3872: 2450: 784: 6066:

French : Being spoken by 80% of the educated population (unlike English which is much less spoken), French predominates largely especially in government and information, even in English-speaking regions, which has led to the current uprising of the English-speaking minority living at the Nigerian border, which complains that English language is disappearing progressively under the pressure of the more numerous French speakers and that the linguistic rights of the English speakers are not respected, endangering their specific culture.

2570: 5816:, including healthcare, commerce or communication. In coastal areas and the more developed neighbourhoods of the capital, it is also a common language of communication for all social groups, either in its standardised form or hybridised with Arabic. In the inland regions and the south it remains a foreign language. French is introduced from the third grade at 8 hours per week. In high school French is the language of instruction for mathematics, science and computing. Teachers are not always sufficiently trained for this usage, however. 1000: 496: 6256:, largest city of the country, 57.6% of the inhabitants over 15 can read and write French, and another 11% can speak it but not write it. The French language is seen as essential by a large majority, especially for dealing with the government and in education. Two thirds of respondents report feeling Francophone. French plays an important role in all areas of public and private life across the whole country. French is increasingly seen as an Ivorian language, and a local variety distinct from standard French has emerged ( 5084: 5053: 5022: 4991: 4960: 4929: 4898: 3756: 2877: 2846: 2815: 640: 3901: 1485: 4867: 3611: 2784: 448: 3959: 904: 1072: 6652: 4742: 2594: 1965: 5860: 3280: 1917: 5487: 5456: 5425: 5394: 5363: 5332: 5301: 4772: 3373: 3342: 3311: 2618: 4684: 2498: 10273: 4249: 1341: 5915: 7123: 4626: 3669: 544: 3843: 2205: 760: 11717: 4597: 2306: 1845: 1725: 808: 664: 4336: 4307: 1893: 1653: 1629: 1197: 4278: 1605: 4394: 2723: 1749: 197: 7091: 3727: 2354: 2013: 976: 592: 520: 3988: 2474: 2402: 2330: 2085: 952: 736: 616: 5115: 4046: 1120: 4713: 4162: 3698: 3524: 2546: 2522: 1797: 1413: 1389: 832: 568: 400: 376: 4801: 4568: 4452: 4220: 4133: 4017: 3582: 3495: 2690: 2666: 2642: 2253: 2133: 1869: 1581: 1221: 1096: 928: 424: 352: 328: 85:(OIF), 321 million people speak French. The OIF states that despite a decline in the number of learners of French in Europe, the overall number of speakers is rising, largely because of its presence in African countries: of the 212 million who use French daily, 54.7% are living in Africa. The OIF figures have been contested as being underestimated due to the methodology used and its strict definition of the word francophone. The French 10269: 4423: 3930: 2277: 1821: 1557: 1437: 880: 4539: 2181: 1989: 1773: 1509: 1317: 1293: 4104: 1365: 1173: 4481: 3640: 2109: 1941: 1701: 1269: 1048: 472: 1245: 856: 4365: 3814: 2037: 1677: 1533: 712: 2426: 5739:

adoption of English for this role was being considered by the Minister of Education. In the private sector, French is treated as more than simply a foreign language. French is introduced in primary school, where it is studied for up to 7 hours a week. It is also used as the language of education in many private schools. Moroccans are the largest group of foreign students in France, ahead of the Chinese and Algerians.

4510: 2061: 5177: 5146: 4075: 3218: 3187: 3156: 3125: 3094: 3063: 3032: 3001: 2970: 2939: 2908: 2157: 1144: 6514:, and also the main language of institutions. French is used most by the elite and the middle class. Attempts to increase the legitimacy of Creole as an official language and in the media, on radio and television in particular, led to a relative decline in the share of French usage. Most teachers of French suffer from a low level of skills in the language, with nearly 85% achieving a level between A2 and B1 in the 5239: 3249: 1461: 5208: 4191: 2378: 6954:

varies depending on the region and social status. One third of high school students educated in French go on to pursue higher education in English-speaking institutions. English is the language of business and communication, with French being an element of social distinction, chosen for its emotional value. On social media, French was used on Facebook by just 10% of Lebanese in 2014, far behind English (78%).

5683:, taxi stand information, timetables of trains, and other legal documents were issued in French. This was partly because of some Egyptians had French education and partly because of cultural influence from France. Despite efforts from British legal personnel, English was never adopted as a language of the Egyptian civil courts during the period of British influence. 6560:, where bilingualism is constitutionally and statutorily enacted. In 2016, approximately 32 per cent of New Brunswick claims French as their mother tongue. More than three-quarters of francophones in New Brunswick resides in the eastern portion of the province. English and French are also constitutionally recognized as the official languages of 6890:, of which approximately 6,000 are French citizens. Moreover, 50,000 people is estimated to occasionally practice French, while 2% of Hong Kong's total population of 7 million have studied the language. French is one of the two foreign languages (Mandarin & French) that can be taken in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education (HKCEE). 7315:

and are used for the regional government's acts and laws, though Italian is much more widely spoken in everyday life, and French is mostly used within cultural events. Though French was re-introduced as an official language after World War II, and by 2003 just 0.99% reported speaking French natively.

6346:

were followed by a period of linguistic upheaval, with the return of refugees from Anglophone countries setting the stage for the officialisation of English in 1996 and the gradual usurpation of French as the language of education, culminating in the decision in October 2008 to make English the main

6065:

can read and write French; an additional 13–15% can speak French without being able to write it. To some extent, the language situation in Cameroon between French and English could be described fairly accurately as an exact inversion of the linguistic situation existing in Canada between English and

5713:

in 1991. Even so, it is taught from the second grade onward for up to six hours a week. French is also a language of instruction in high school for scientific subjects. In higher education, 2,300 students were enrolled in French courses in 2012. French remains, alongside Arabic, the language of work

5686:

French began to lose ground in Egyptian society in the 1920s for a number of political and social reasons; from the 1930s onwards English became the main foreign language, but French was still being learnt by 8 million Egyptians in 2013. There are two French-speaking universities in the country, the

5600:

in the 1990s, when armed Islamist groups targeted teachers of French. The language has rebounded in public life since the end of the war, culminating in the efforts to reintroduce French in primary schools in 2006, which were initially hampered by a lack of sufficiently qualified teachers. Referring

5552:

can read and write French. According to a survey conducted in 2012, fewer than four in 10 Algerians identified with a Francophone identity. Conversely, speaking French was seen as essential by seven in 10, though a third of the population felt that the use of French is declining. In urban areas, the

5831:

consider French as essential in their professional or personal lives. However, only half of the population feels Francophone, and only a third feels solidarity with other Francophone countries. 70.8% of the population over 15 in the aforementioned Tunisians cities can read and write French. Arabic

5738:

found that 39.5% of the population aged 10 and older could read and write French. Spoken mainly in cities among the upper middle class, French is the medium of instruction of two-thirds of courses in higher education, including science and technology, health, economics and management, although the

5977:

over the age of 15 could read and write French. Knowledge of French is considered important for employment, bureaucracy, education but also in everyday life. 34% of the population was Francophone in 2002, up from 23% in 1992. There are strong regional differences, with the ability to speak French

62:

culture". Consequently, it was less as a centralising monarch than as a "gentle courtly prince" that the king unwittingly spread his language" and "the methods of expansion were not political"'. This status continued to grow into the 18th century, by which time French was the language of European

6953:

and 40% Anglophone. The use of English is growing in the business and media environment. Out of about 900,000 students, about 500,000 are enrolled in Francophone schools, public or private, in which the teaching of mathematics and scientific subjects is provided in French. Actual usage of French

6784:

in the 19th century led to an increased use of the French language to the detriment of Portuguese, as France was seen at the time as a model of civilization and progress. The learning of French has historically been important and strong among the Lusophone high societies, and for a great span of

7302:

since 1561, when it replaced Latin. In the 1861 census, the first held after the unification of Italy, 93% declared being Francophone; in 1921, the last census with a question about language found that 88% of the population was French-speaking. The suppression of all French-language schools and

6286:

dominates. Less than half feel solidarity with other Francophone countries or consider knowledge of French as essential. Education in primary schools is bilingual in Malagasy and French. The latter is used as medium of education for mathematics and scientific subjects. French is the language of

5762:

can read and write French. According to a survey conducted in 2012, just a third of urban Moroccans identify with a Francophone identity, and slightly more wish for French to become more commonly used. French is nevertheless deemed essential, both in the professional and private spheres, by

6106:

feel solidarity towards other French-speaking countries and wishes for the use of French to expand. French is seen as important in work and education. French shares a place with Arabic as the language of administration and education, as well as in the press; French is dominant on radio and

9260: 6549:, which are the two official languages of the Canadian federation. About 6,827,860 Canadians speak French as their first language, or around 20% of the country, with 2,065,300 constituting secondary speakers. Bilingualism with French has been declining in English Canada in recent years. 8312: 5763:

three-quarters of respondents. French-language media are losing ground to Arabic media, including in television, radio or the press: of 618 Moroccan publications in 2004, 448 were in Arabic and 164 in French. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 75% of Moroccans in 2014.

5922:

According to Paul Wald, "The notion of ownership of an imported language begins when – despite its identification as a foreign and/or vernacular language – its use does not imply a relationship with the foreigner." French can thus be considered the result of functional and

5832:

increasingly dominates the Tunisian media landscape, especially on television: the audience share of local French-language channels reached 25% in the early 1990s, but hardly reached 3% by the 2010s. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 91% of Tunisians in 2014.

6170:

residents feel solidarity towards Francophone countries, and French is seen as important for education and relations with the government. It is also seen as important to be successful in life, along with English. French is the main language of education after third grade.

6211:

residents between the age of 15 and 25. 71.9% of the capital's residents over 15 years of age could read and write French. Three quarters of the population of the capital identifies as Francophone and considers French as essential. All local publications are in French.

6008:, 49.4% of the population aged 15 and older can read and write French. At the national level French was the first language for 1.66% of the population in 2006 (up from 0.75% in 1996), reaching 9.54% in the capital, where it is the second most spoken language, behind 8945: 6556:, being the mother tongue for some 7 million people, or almost 80.1 percent (2006 Census) of the province. About 95 percent of the people of Quebec speak French as either a first or second language. English and French are the official languages of 9253: 6606:

French is also an official language of Ontario's legislature and judiciary, with access to a French judiciary being viewed as quasi-constitutional right in that province. French language rights are also statutorily enacted to certain regions of

5560:

Francophone Algerians can be divided into three broad categories: 'real Francophones', who speak French as part of their daily lives and mostly come from a privileged background; 'casual Francophones', who use the language in certain contexts,

5591:

of the country. The French language, restricted to an urban elite during the colonial period, began to expand as part of the mass education efforts launched after 1962. Its controversial status as a legacy of colonialism led to the increasing

305:, between different levels of mastery or how often the language is used in daily life. For African countries where French is the main language of education, the number of French speakers is derived from the average number of schooling years. 10131: 7775: 6373:

is by far the most spoken language in the country, including the capital, while French remains a second language, becoming the main language only in non-Wolof areas. French is the main language of institutions, however. Only half of

8403: 5652:. According to a 2010 study by IMMAR Research & Consultancy, Francophone newspapers had a readership of 4,459,000 in the country, or 28% of the total, and a majority among readers with a high school or university education. 7441:

French is the most popular foreign language studied in British schools. According to a 2006 European Commission report, 23% of UK residents are able to carry on a conversation in French. Other surveys put the figure at 15%.

6056:

of the country, with English being dominant in the remaining two. French is the mother tongue of a vast proportion of young Cameroonians living in urban centers. In Cameroon, 63.7% of the population aged 15 and older in

9293:"Rapport d'information de M. Pouria Amirshahi déposé en application de l'article 145 du règlement, par la commission des affaires étrangères, en conclusion des travaux d'une mission d'information sur la francophonie" 8308: 11543: 8967: 10524: 8477: 7110:; it is also the third most widely known language of the Union, after English and German (33% of the EU population report to know how to speak English, whilst 22% of Europeans understand German and 20% French). 7051:

in schools as the second foreign language. French remains widely spoken among intellectuals and members of the upper class in Syria and most educated Syrians are trilingual, speaking Arabic, English and French.

7426:

have bilingual status for example, cities such Biel/Bienne or cantons such as Valais-Fribourg-Berne. French is the native language of about 20% of the Swiss population and is spoken by 50.4% of the population.

7063:

where the Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle and l’École Française, Syria's only two French schools, are located respectively. In 2016, a new French school opened in Tartous increasing the total number to three.

7316:

French remains widely known as a second language, but it is no longer spoken as part of daily life. In 2001, 75.41% of the Valdostan population declared to know French, 96.01% declared to know Italian, 55.77%

6147:

aged 15 and older can read and write French. French is the main language in the media, used by 63% of radio and television broadcasters. French is also the dominant language in the state administrations.

8674: 6603:), along with English and, in Northwest Territories and Nunavut, multiple Aboriginal languages. Out of the three, Yukon has the most French speakers, comprising just under 4 per cent of the population. 7904: 9437: 11692: 11418: 11071: 10381: 5568:

French television channels are widely watched in Algeria, and Algerian newspapers print their television schedules. Algeria also has a sizeable French-language press. A 2014 report published by the

10127: 8580: 7648: 6996:(founded in 1912), it continues to educate many Filipinos and expatriates in the said language. There are currently two branches of Alliance Française in the Philippines, that of Manila and Cebu. 11485: 5679:

French was actually the medium of communication among foreigners and between foreigners and Egyptians; the mixed French-Egyptian civil courts operated in French, and government notices from the

11702: 11658: 11646: 11578: 11519: 11475: 11430: 7496: 7466: 7320:, and 50.53% all of them. School education is delivered equally in both Italian and French so that everyone who went to school in Aosta Valley can speak French to at least a medium-high level. 10741:

C'est à la loi constitutionnelle du 25 juin 1992, rédigée dans le cadre de l'intégration européenne, que l'on doit la première déclaration de principe sur le français, langue de la République.

7772: 5557:

fields. French is the first foreign language in Algeria, and is introduced at the primary level. In higher education, French is the language of instruction in scientific and technical fields.

11531: 11463: 11251: 7471: 11697: 11675: 8886: 8265: 6320:, the capital, French is seen as essential for work, studies and administrative procedures. Two-thirds of residents believe that the use of French is becoming more common in the country. 5664:

in 1836, and the importance of French expanded throughout the second half of the 19th century, until it became the most common foreign language in the country. At the time, it was also a

7047:, which put French language as one of the main official language in Syria. Following independence, French was demoted as the official language of Syria, but it remained taught alongside 9146:"Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over (B16001): All States Within United States, 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates" 7204:

In total, native French speakers make up about 38% of the country's population. Including speakers of French as a second language, about 72% of the Belgian population can speak French.

7451: 5714:

and education, although there were attempts to introduce English as a first foreign language. On social media, 59% of Mauritanian Facebook users used French on the website in 2014.

11363: 8018: 8150: 6378:

residents identify with a Francophone status or feel solidarity with French-speaking countries, but the French language is seen as essential for everyday affairs and education.

8789: 8642: 6942:

While the Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language, a law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used".

5907:, in 2010, 96.2 million French speakers were living in various countries in Africa. French has been imported to most of these countries through colonization, and it is not a 5840: 9106: 8923: 8699: 8533: 5729: 8971: 8481: 10521: 6671:, when all forms of French are considered together and all languages of Chinese are similarly combined. French remains the second most-spoken language in the states of 11244: 70:

or Francophone world refer the whole body of people and organisations around the world who use the French language regularly for private or public purposes. French is

6939:

religious and governmental enterprises. However, most Lebanese privilege French out of fascination and infatuation with the culture, not for any functional purposes.

5649: 11743: 10786: 10545: 9859: 78:, with the French-speaking world comprising about 50 countries and territories where French is a de jure or de facto official, administrative, or cultural language. 58:: '"... until the end of the fifteenth century, the French of the chancellery spread as a political and literary language because the French court was the model of 11323: 10716: – The linguistic situation in Belgium (and in particular various estimations of the population speaking French and Dutch in Brussels) is discussed in detail. 9622: 6034:. Only Kirundi is spoken by the vast majority of the population, therefore holding the status of national language as determined by article 5 of the Constitution. 11168: 10378: 8090: 7599: 10179: 5911:

to most residents. African standards of French differ from European ones. Some linguists discuss a "second French language" or even an "African French language".

9411: 8667: 6864:. French is seen as important for doing business in Africa in particular, and 6,000 students attended French courses in 2013. 29,000 study French in one of the 11634: 10849: 8731: 7900: 6564:'s legislative and judicial branches. In 2016, more than 43,000 Manitobans (3.4 per cent of the province's population) claims French as their mother tongue. 11237: 11068: 9433: 7695: 10212: 6157: 11356: 11098: 5848: 5643: 8856: 8573: 11137: 7645: 9331: 9145: 9045: 7628: 9023: 7755: 6381:

French was the language of literacy for 37.2% of the population in 2013, followed by Arabic at 11.1%. French is the main language of education in all

10757: 8920:"Effectif et proportion de la population ayant déclaré le français selon la caractéristique linguistique, Nouveau-Brunswick et Ontario, 2006 et 2011" 9687: 6785:

time, it was also the main foreign language among the middle class of both Portugal and Brazil, but now trails English, in both, and more recently,

11563: 11509: 11408: 9782:"L'appropriation du français en Afrique noire: une dynamique discursive [The appropriation of French in black Africa: a dynamic discourse]" 8574:"Dynamique des langues locales et de la langue française au Mali: un éclairage à travers les recensements généraux de la population (1987 et 1998)" 8507: 7735: 6257: 10929:"Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Formation professionnelle / Luxembourg – Quelles langues apprend-on à l'école luxembourgeoise ?" 10482: 8882: 11721: 11585: 11349: 10605: 10157: 6621:(approximately 4.7 per cent of the population), constituting the largest French-speaking community in Canada outside Quebec. Over 40 per cent of 10731: 10699:

pages 34–36 republished by the Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy – Directorate–general Statistics Belgium. Archived from

10082: 10050: 8272: 8997: 7456: 6701: 5904: 294: 101: 82: 11573: 11470: 7926: 7027:

graduates may choose to opt for French as a second or third language in secondary school, though the language is not an official language in

6347:

language of education at higher levels, effectively relegating French to the status of third language. Nevertheless, a survey of students in

11021: 10981: 10896: 8341: 6694:. According to the 2000 United States Census, there are over 194,000 people in Louisiana who speak French at home, the most of any state if 5986:

departments have a French-speaking majority. French speakers are more commonly men than women, owing to a disparity in access to education.

11568: 11526: 7476: 6637:

also holds significant populations of Franco-Ontarians, with francophones making up over 22 per cent of northeastern Ontario's population.

10503: 7850: 11538: 8793: 7986: 8022: 10928: 6868:

establishments, and 20,000 more study it in private language schools or academies, while 35,000 Chinese people are studying in France.

5572:

describes it as the most important French-speaking country after France. Nevertheless, Algeria is not a member of the Francophonie. On

10295: 8143: 9296: 7715: 6075: 7264:, English is the only official language, although French is sometimes used in legislation with a ceremonial capacity. Nevertheless, 7133: 6473:, and the islands formerly attached to Guadeloupe. There are over a million people living in these departments and collectivities. 9110: 9080: 5688: 8919: 8706: 7198: 8529: 7879:"Qui parle français dans le monde – Organisation internationale de la Francophonie – Langue française et diversité linguistique" 6134: 10954: 8455: 6812:

can speak French as of 2014. Most of these speakers tend to be older since they grew up when Cambodia was a colony of France

6369:. French was commonly spoken by 9.4% of Senegalese in 2002, mainly as a second language, with just 0.6% speaking it natively. 11181: 11150: 11111: 10991: 10685: 10460: 8186: 10347: 9459: 8764: 8635: 11308: 10882:

Assessorat de l'éducation et la culture de la région autonome Vallée d'Aoste – Département de la surintendance des écoles,

10814: 10128:"Population by language spoken most often and regularly at home, age groups (total), for Canada, provinces and territories" 9781: 9720: 7294:

The Aosta Valley was the first government authority to adopt Modern French as working language in 1536, three years before

6646: 285: 11048: 10779: 10542: 9385: 7342:

is an official language. However, its use is generally restricted to parliament formalities or legal codes and contracts.

7308: 10659: 10501:

Presence of the French language and literature in Brazil – for a history of Franco-Brazilian bonds of cultural affection

9618: 6515: 11224: 11187: 8099: 7596: 7024: 5676: 10187: 6935:

with the French liberal and cultural spirit that was mainly the result of the French colonial period and educational,

10428: 9407: 5995: 10843: 10321: 8613: 8381: 8243: 7227: 5596:

of the school system in the 1970s and 1980s. The usage of French in the country reached its lowest point during the

9149: 8735: 5769: 1029: 7692: 5940: 10220: 7664:

117,121 – 98,178 = 18,943 (total speakers less non-native speakers), or 0.2% of the total population of 9,937,628

7436: 6659:

According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2011), French is the fourth most-spoken language in the United States after

6287:

instruction in secondary and tertiary education. It is also the main language of government, alongside Malagasy.

11117: 9721:"Pratique du français en Afrique noire francophone [The practice of French in francophone black Africa]" 7422:

is the largest city. The language divisions in Switzerland do not coincide with political subdivisions and some

143: 10270:"Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)" 9567: 9538: 9513: 8860: 92: 10399: 10348:"Language Use in the United States: 2011, American Community Survey Reports, Camille Ryan, Issued August 2013" 8044: 6282:, French is seen as important for work, education and administrative matters, but not in everyday life, where 5935:

realities. French has begun developing into almost independent varieties, with creation of different types of

10243: 9688:"La langue française dans le monde 2010 (synthèse) [The French language in the 2010 world (summary)]" 9338: 9052: 7461: 7355: 7008: 6931:(English: The Tender Mother), not only is speaking French in Lebanon common and encouraged, but it is also a 7625: 5553:

ability to speak fluent French is considered almost mandatory to find employment, especially in specialized

2234: 11313: 7752: 6613: 6163: 5200: 3365: 2900: 89:

estimate that were they included, the total number of French speakers passed 500 million in the year 2020.

17: 10753: 7878: 7003:

issued a proclamation encouraging the language to be an elective in high school. Also, French, along with

11276: 11219: 9694: 6803: 2776: 8503: 7732: 11330: 11303: 11298: 11271: 10479: 9019: 7311:

irretrievably damaged the status of French in the region. Italian and French are nowadays the region's

7073: 6922: 6877: 6825: 6339: 5723: 5569: 5527: 71: 29:

This article is about the geography of French speaking populations. For the French-speaking world, see

10480:

The importance of the French language in Brazil: marks and milestones in the early periods of teaching

10153: 7825: 6189:, the other being Arabic. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 82% of Djiboutians in 2014. 6125:, Arabic being the second. On social media, French was used on Facebook by 100% of Comorians in 2014. 11281: 10728: 10075: 10043: 7040: 6536: 5928: 3179: 8993: 8636:"Tabl. 4.6. Ludność według języka ojczystego, płci oraz charakteru miejsca zamieszkania w 2011 roku" 8098:(in French). Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone. 2022. Archived from 6438:. According to the 2010 census, 53% of the population over the age of 15 can read and write French. 7381: 6629:, with more than half of that population living in communities close to the Ontario-Quebec border. 6243: 6081: 3790: 693: 7934: 5807: 11501: 11293: 11014: 10903: 10594: 8348: 7351: 7190: 7000: 6963: 6695: 6585: 6418: 6343: 6269: 5785: 5704: 7583: 5627: 11514: 11391: 11229: 10500: 7511: 7423: 7193:, where it is spoken by the majority of the population often as their primary language. In the 6881: 6577: 6573: 6296: 501: 7993: 7011:

offers a bachelor's degree in European Languages, where French is one of the possible majors.

5964: 11682: 9693:(in French) (Nathan ed.). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from 9571: 9546: 9542: 9517: 8176: 7261: 7255: 6781: 6592: 6180: 6043: 5979: 3877: 789: 10932: 6989: 6865: 10617: 7164: 6901:

French was used previously during French Colonization as the official language in areas of

6749: 6634: 6360: 6116: 6021: 5836: 5565:

it with Arabic, and 'passive Francophones', who can understand French but do not speak it.

5541: 2575: 9292: 7712: 5635: 8: 11341: 10681: 9332:"Citizen Engagement and Public Services in the Arab World: The Potential of Social Media" 9107:"Population résidante permanente selon la région linguistique et les langues principales" 8790:"Language Spoken At Home By Ability To Speak English For The Population 5 Years And Over" 7855: 7339: 7329: 7217: 6932: 6329: 6221: 6053: 5983: 5554: 1418: 1153: 9562:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. 9533:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. 9508:(Volume 74 of International Library of Historical Studies). I.B.Tauris, March 15, 2012. 7317: 3148: 2736:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

11381: 11318: 10696: 9084: 8271:. Australian Government Department of Immigration and Border Protection. Archived from 7526: 6707: 6452: 6382: 6307: 6198: 5692: 5597: 5584: 1005: 257: 10453:

Immigration and Xenophobia: Portuguese Immigrants in Early 19th Century Rio de Janeiro

9020:"Conditions de vie-Société – Le créole encore très largement majoritaire à La Réunion" 11437: 11177: 11146: 11107: 10987: 10456: 10424: 9563: 9534: 9509: 8182: 7516: 7312: 6887: 6766: 6741: 6569: 6429: 6283: 6140: 6093: 4138: 3210: 1226: 1077: 55: 8668:"Dynamique des langues locales et de la langue française au Sénégal en 1988 et 2002" 7369: 5601:

to the continued usage of French in Algeria in the post-colonial period, the writer

11595: 11555: 10958: 9793: 9732: 9375: 8451: 7409: 7405: 7048: 7004: 6786: 6683: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6565: 6546: 5955:", which is a mixture of French and English with elements of indigenous languages. 5076: 2962: 302: 75: 11608: 10700: 10354: 10076:"Quatrième Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat – Alphabétisation" 8452:"PCE06: Enumerated permanent residents by mother tongue and sex, 31 December 2011" 208:. The reason given is: Figures provided are not from the official 2022 OIF report. 54:, "from the fourteenth century onwards". It was not by virtue of the power of the 11286: 11075: 11052: 10735: 10549: 10528: 10507: 10486: 10418: 9463: 8757: 7779: 7759: 7739: 7719: 7699: 7652: 7632: 7603: 7401: 7365: 7265: 7238:

except in specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal

7201:

for French speakers along borders with the Walloon and Brussels-Capital regions.

7186: 7107: 7007:, is a popular foreign language offered in many universities in the country. The 6985: 6721: 6711: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6532: 6462: 6398: 6386: 6009: 5680: 1970: 97: 39: 11176:(in French). Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone. 11045: 10818: 8605: 8556: 8373: 6729: 6698:

is excluded. In October 2018, Louisiana became the first U.S. state to join the

6389:, where Arabic remains dominant, with significant Arabic-educated minorities in 11097:

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (2014). Wolff, Alexandre (ed.).

9367: 7521: 7304: 7194: 7158: 7103: 6993: 6845: 6833: 6725: 6581: 6507: 6497: 6402: 6390: 6370: 5562: 4842: 4747: 3964: 3470: 3458: 2599: 909: 298: 10606:

With Its French Population Soaring, Hong Kong Emerges as Asia’s Gallic Capital

8732:"Population résidante selon la ou les langue(s) principale(s), de 1970 à 2013" 7269: 6651: 11737: 11613: 10655: 10385: 9752:

Le français d'afrique noire à l'aube de l'an 2000: éléments de problématique

9380: 7243: 6557: 6458: 5932: 5908: 5665: 5588: 5492: 5461: 5430: 5417: 5399: 5368: 5355: 5337: 5306: 4890: 4777: 4254: 3378: 3347: 3316: 3086: 2931: 2807: 2623: 1346: 267: 43: 5793: 11653: 11458: 11425: 10416: 10400:"Louisiana Joins International Organization of French-speaking Governments" 8968:"Väestö 31.12. Muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot" 7481: 7387: 7299: 7289: 7182: 6936: 6910: 6687: 6510:, which is French-based. French is the language of culture and business in 6394: 6275: 6103: 6052:, the other being English. French is the main language in eight of the ten 6001: 5952: 5602: 5573: 5479: 5231: 4631: 3674: 3457:

It is estimated that 80 million people worldwide speak French as a main or

3241: 549: 67: 30: 9797: 9736: 7234:

mandates the use of French in official government publications and public

5914: 5859: 11687: 11670: 10154:"he evolution of English–French bilingualism in Canada from 1961 to 2011" 8239: 7397: 7102:

population, French is the second most widely spoken mother tongue in the

7044: 6981: 6950: 6902: 6886:

The French Consulate estimated there are 8,000 Native French speakers in

6715: 6249: 6207:. According to a 1999 survey, French was the first language for 26.3% of 6144: 6005: 5844: 5606: 5593: 5386: 5275: 4921: 4660: 3906: 3442: 3334: 3285: 2455: 2210: 1922: 1490: 51: 9337:. Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government. 25 June 2014. Archived from 7273: 7122: 5939:

by speakers with a sufficient knowledge of French. Examples include the

11665: 11629: 11400: 10049:. Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie. p. 15. 7809:

Le Royaume des quatre rivières. L'espace politique français (1380-1515)

7501: 7486: 7361: 7277: 7213: 6777: 6745: 6470: 6466: 6279: 6234:, 42.1% of the population aged 15 and older can read and write French. 6208: 5924: 5755: 5710: 4602: 4341: 4312: 3024: 2993: 2311: 1898: 1850: 1730: 1658: 1634: 1202: 813: 669: 8149:. Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophonie. 7303:

institutions and violence against French speakers during the forceful

7090: 6552:

Provincially, French is the sole official language of the province of

6062: 5169: 3117: 11641: 11603: 11413: 9051:. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Puducherry. Archived from 8579:. Observatoire démographique et statistique de l'espace francophone. 7506: 7491: 7235: 7028: 7020: 6999:

Although the language is not offered in elementary school, President

6861: 6829: 6737: 6733: 6672: 6481: 5759: 5293: 4399: 4283: 3558: 3485: 3303: 1754: 1610: 7901:"La langue française réunit 274 millions de personnes dans le monde" 2869: 11213: 11167:

Marcoux, Richard; Richard, Laurent; Wolff, Alexandre (March 2022).

7414: 7391: 7239: 7178: 7174: 7056: 6809: 6691: 6682:

Louisiana is home to many distinct dialects, collectively known as

6561: 6477: 6186: 6167: 6049: 5619: 5577: 5014: 4859: 3993: 3732: 2479: 2407: 2359: 2335: 2090: 2018: 981: 957: 741: 621: 597: 525: 59: 7197:

French is not an official language, with the exception of a dozen

11214:

Observatoire démographique et statistique de l’espace francophone

9083:. Institut d'études fédéralistes et régionalistes. Archived from 8758:"2011 Census: Quick Statistics for England and Wales, March 2011" 7452:

List of territorial entities where French is an official language

7170: 7079: 6946: 6906: 6853: 6841: 6618: 6608: 6596: 6485: 6366: 6253: 6231: 6122: 6031: 6027: 5974: 5948: 5813: 5777: 5735: 5537: 5533: 5448: 5262: 5138: 5120: 5107: 5045: 4952: 4872: 4806: 4718: 4573: 4457: 4225: 4167: 4051: 4022: 3848: 3703: 3616: 3587: 3529: 3500: 3432: 3055: 2838: 2789: 2695: 2671: 2647: 2551: 2527: 2258: 2138: 1874: 1802: 1586: 1394: 1250: 1125: 1101: 933: 837: 765: 573: 453: 429: 405: 381: 357: 333: 247: 11259: 10693:

KVS Express (Supplement to Newspaper de Morgen) March–April 2006

10522:

What are the French thinking influences still present in Brazil?

8994:"Quatre jeunes sur dix en grande difficulté à l'écrit à Mayotte" 8426:"Tab. 614b Obyvatelstvo podle věku, mateřského jazyka a pohlaví" 7933:. Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from 6401:(15.0% to 17.2%). This phenomenon is explained by the impact of 7811:. Paris, Champ-Vallon, 2012, p. 217, quoted in Thierry Dutour, 7419: 7335: 7295: 7231: 7223: 7060: 6857: 6849: 6837: 6553: 6542: 6348: 6335: 6317: 6227: 6158:

Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo § French

6058: 5944: 5824: 5743: 5549: 5182: 5151: 5089: 5058: 5027: 4996: 4983: 4965: 4934: 4903: 4544: 4515: 4428: 4080: 3935: 3761: 3422: 3412: 3223: 3192: 3161: 3130: 3099: 3068: 3037: 3006: 2975: 2944: 2913: 2882: 2851: 2820: 2431: 2286: 2282: 2186: 2162: 2066: 1994: 1826: 1778: 1562: 1514: 1442: 1322: 1298: 1149: 885: 645: 237: 10417:

Ammon, Ulrich; International Sociological Association (1989).

8530:"N° 17 La langue principale, celle que l'on maîtrise le mieux" 6591:

French is also an official language of all three territories (

5747: 5709:

French was demoted from its status as an official language of

11170:

Estimation des populations francophones dans le monde en 2022

9434:"La langue française, "butin de guerre", prospère en Algérie" 8174: 8092:

Estimation des populations francophones dans le monde en 2022

6821: 6676: 6600: 6511: 6503: 6406: 6375: 6313: 6204: 5970: 5936: 5820: 5751: 5669: 5661: 5324: 5244: 5213: 4486: 4196: 4109: 3645: 3272: 3254: 2383: 2114: 1946: 1706: 1466: 1370: 1274: 1178: 1053: 477: 47: 11069:"Three-quarters of adults 'cannot speak a foreign language'" 10845:

Le Statut spécial de la Vallée d'Aoste, Article 38, Title VI

10543:

France in Brazil Year – the importance of cultural diplomacy

8504:"1.1.18 A népesség száma és megoszlása nyelvismeret szerint" 5730:

Language Attitudes Among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco

10618:"Top 30 Language Spoken in the World by Number of Speakers" 9619:"Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat 2004" 9560:

The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922

9531:

The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922

9506:

The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922

6969: 6435: 6099: 5828: 5545: 4689: 4370: 3819: 2503: 2042: 1682: 1538: 861: 717: 11371: 8342:"Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans And Their Languages" 7412:) and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland called 6848:

and in the French zone of influence over the provinces of

100:) by country in 2022, saturating at 50%, according to the 10815:"Une Vallée d'Aoste bilingue dans une Europe plurilingue" 10322:"Profile of the Francophone population in Ontario - 2016" 10219:. Government of Canada. 13 September 2019. Archived from 10186:. Government of Canada. 18 September 2019. Archived from 9368:"L'Algérie : coexistence et concurrence des langues" 6457:

French language is spoken in the overseas departments of

6107:

television. French is also spoken as part of daily life.

10780:"Langue et littérature en Vallée d'Aoste au XVIe siècle" 10563: 10561: 10559: 10557: 9408:"Francophonie : l'Algérie et son "butin de guerre"" 9148:. U.S. Census Bureau American FactFinder. Archived from 6026:

Until 2014, French was one of two official languages of

2734:. The reason given is: Many of the sources are outdated. 11136:

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (2022).

10420:

Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties

8309:"Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence" 7099: 5927:

ownerships, satisfying the needs of a society with new

11046:"'Alarming shortage' of foreign language skills in UK" 10578: 10576: 10372: 10107: 10105: 10103: 7964: 7954: 7952: 10876: 10554: 9930: 9928: 9669: 9667: 9601: 9599: 9597: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9235: 9233: 9231: 9046:"Gazetteer of India – Union Territory of Pondicherry" 7826:"Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy?" 7298:

itself. French has been the official language of the

6945:

Today, French and English are secondary languages of

6690:

has the largest number of speakers, mostly living in

5668:

for the communities of foreign origin, especially in

289:

Population who can understand French in the EU and UK

9819: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9807: 9654: 9652: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9167: 8883:"Il y a aujourd'hui 367 000 francophones en Flandre" 7813:

La France hors la France. L’identité avant la nation

7673:

3,488 or 0.01% of the total population of 38,511,824

7615:

2,056 or 0.02% of the total population of 10,436,560

6580:; with 80 per cent of Franco-Manitobans residing in 5973:. According to a 2014 survey, 57.3% of residents of 293:

The following figures are from a 2022 report of the

10636: 10624: 10573: 10180:"Infographic: The French Presence in New Brunswick" 10100: 9988: 8557:"Linguistic policy challenges in Madagascar Pg. 52" 8168: 8144:"Estimation des francophones dans le monde en 2015" 7949: 6893:It is one of the largest French community in Asia. 6351:found that French was known by a majority of them. 5978:being more common in the south of the country. The 10864: 10674: 10024: 10012: 10000: 9976: 9964: 9952: 9940: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9889: 9877: 9664: 9637: 9594: 9577: 9478: 9228: 8175:William Edmiston; Annie Dumenil (1 January 2015). 8138: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 5660:The first French-medium school was established in 147:Proportion of French speakers, saturating at 100% 72:the second most geographically widespread language 9865: 9841: 9829: 9804: 9649: 9621:. Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc. 9216: 9195: 9164: 6824:the language was also spoken by the elite in the 6476:French Creoles are also spoken on the islands of 6102:, together with Arabic. Half of the residents of 11744:Geographical distribution of the French language 11735: 10931:. Men.public.lu. 25 October 2012. Archived from 10680: 10217:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages 10184:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages 10122: 10120: 7396:French is one of the four official languages of 7222:French formally became the official language of 7177:and Brussels. French is the primary language of 6927:As the Lebanese people historically call France 5996:Languages of Burkina Faso § French language 5812:French is a working language in many sectors in 9460:"Pqn : les 15–34 ans plus grands lecteurs" 8705:. National Bureau of Statistics. Archived from 8598: 8117: 8070: 8051: 7230:made it mandatory for legal documents in 1539. 10455:. United States: University Press of America. 10379:U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 3 10328:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. 5 February 2019 10213:"Infographic: The French Presence in Manitoba" 9365: 9326: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9314: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8218: 7753:Planning and Research Department of Puducherry 7457:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 6984:has become one of the most active areas where 6702:Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie 5905:International Organization of the Francophonie 295:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 83:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 11357: 11245: 10983:Le français et les langues ... – Google Books 10884:Profil de la politique linguistique éducative 10146: 10117: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8660: 8496: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8198: 7851:"The world's languages, in 7 maps and charts" 7360:French is one of three official languages of 7094:Distribution of the French language in Europe 6541:French is the second most common language in 6334:French became the administrative language of 87:Conseil économique, social et environnemental 42:became an international language, the second 11261:Geographical distribution of French speakers 11139:La langue française dans le monde, 2019-2022 10955:"University of Luxembourg – Multilingualism" 10739: 9140: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9130: 9128: 8782: 7477:Geographical distribution of German speakers 6699: 6248:French is the sole official language of the 5791: 5783: 5775: 5767: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5617: 2610:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2442:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2394:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2370:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2346:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2149:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2101:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 2077:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1933:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1717:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1645:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1621:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1573:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1477:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1429:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1309:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1165:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 1136:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 944:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 920:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 896:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 848:2005 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 536:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 464:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 440:2012 Eurobarometer + Adult Education Survey 10809: 10807: 10302:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. 25 June 2012 9860:English is now official language of Burundi 9311: 8946:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population" 8700:"Population and Housing Census 2010 Report" 8404:"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population" 7031:, and is not commonly spoken among locals. 6732:were historically spoken by descendants of 6655:French language spread in the United States 6617:. More than 600,000 francophones reside in 6502:French is one of two official languages of 6185:French is one of two official languages of 6121:French is one of two official languages of 6098:French is one of two official languages of 6069: 6048:French is one of two official languages of 5819:Nearly three-quarters of the population of 11364: 11350: 11252: 11238: 10957:. N.uni.lu. 12 August 2003. Archived from 10838: 10836: 10036: 9426: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9281: 8808: 8724: 8195: 7624:Based on a 2012 population of 65,241,000 ( 7595:Based on a 2012 population of 11,035,948 ( 7338:, a standardized variety of French called 7246:must bear a translation of foreign words. 7055:French is mostly popular in the cities of 4828: 10817:. Fondation Emile Chanoux. Archived from 10068: 9754:(in French). Paris: Université Paris III. 9500: 9498: 9379: 9125: 8692: 8641:. Główny Urząd Statystyczny. p. 98. 8566: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8293: 7981: 7979: 7644:Based on a 2002 population of 4,371,535 ( 7578: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7562: 6949:, with about 40% of the population being 6076:Languages of the Central African Republic 2586:2018 OIF application for a status change 96:Proportion of French speakers (including 10804: 10397: 10207: 10205: 9400: 9361: 9359: 8366: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8330: 7560: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7089: 6650: 6434:French is the sole official language of 6365:French is the sole official language of 6312:French is the sole official language of 6226:French is the sole official language of 6203:French is the sole official language of 6162:French is the sole official language of 6139:French is the sole official language of 6000:French is the sole official language of 5969:French is the sole official language of 5913: 5858: 2706:2010 OIF report + pre-2010 observations 297:(OIF). No distinctions are made between 284: 142: 91: 11100:La langue française dans le monde, 2014 10979: 10833: 10785:. Système Valdôtain des Bibliothèques. 10450: 10423:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 306–308. 10241: 9718: 9366:Taleb Ibrahimi, Khaoula (1 June 2006). 9278: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 7771:Based on a 2003 population of 120,909 ( 7751:Based on a 1981 population of 604,471 ( 7731:Based on a 2010 population of 821,136 ( 7711:Based on a 2012 population of 212,600 ( 7586:population estimate for the given year. 7199:municipalities with language facilities 992:2010 OIF report + 2006-2007 OIF survey 301:of French and those who learnt it as a 63:diplomacy and international relations. 14: 11736: 11372:Geographical distribution of languages 10772: 10656:"Explore language knowledge in Europe" 10388: – Language Spoken at Home: 2000. 10160:from the original on 24 September 2015 10056:from the original on 23 September 2015 9764: 9749: 9495: 9075: 9073: 8554: 8396: 8290: 8258: 7976: 7893: 7691:0.6% of a 2009 population of 234,023 ( 7582:The percentage is calculated from the 7039:Syria, as well as Lebanon were French 6135:Languages of the Republic of the Congo 6080:French is an official language of the 5605:described the French language as the ' 11345: 11233: 11166: 10202: 9685: 9440:from the original on 25 December 2015 9356: 9245: 8948:. Statistique Canada. 9 February 2022 8792:. American FactFinder. Archived from 8750: 8616:from the original on 27 December 2022 8522: 8458:from the original on 15 November 2014 8406:. Statistique Canada. 9 February 2022 8347:. European Commission. Archived from 8327: 8045:"What Languages Are Spoken In Gabon?" 7970: 7539: 6913:as they were former French colonies. 5903:According to the High Council of the 5854: 5536:, 69.1% of the population over 15 in 10852:from the original on 4 November 2011 10686:"Belgium's new linguistic challenge" 10314: 10276:from the original on 2 February 2009 9779: 9266:from the original on 10 October 2017 9251: 9109:. Statistique suisse. Archived from 9038: 8901: 8859:. The World Factbook. Archived from 8734:. Statistique suisse. Archived from 8648:from the original on 10 October 2017 8586:from the original on 18 January 2015 8478:"PX-Web - Valitse muuttuja ja arvot" 8432:from the original on 28 January 2013 7173:, French is an official language in 7117: 6988:is being studied. Home of the first 6647:French language in the United States 6128: 5835:Local French-language media include 5766:Local French-language media include 5616:Local French-language media include 3405:French native speakers by countries 2716: 2712: 2490:2010 OIF report + 2010 observations 1597:2010 OIF report + 2012 observations 608:2010 OIF report + 2010 observations 190: 81:According to the 2022 report of the 11135: 11096: 10870: 10642: 10630: 10582: 10567: 10398:Hasselle, Della (13 October 2018). 10172: 10111: 10030: 10018: 10006: 9994: 9982: 9970: 9958: 9946: 9934: 9919: 9907: 9895: 9883: 9871: 9847: 9835: 9823: 9673: 9658: 9643: 9605: 9588: 9489: 9239: 9222: 9210: 9189: 9070: 8770:from the original on 6 October 2014 8444: 8384:from the original on 6 October 2022 8064: 7958: 7907:from the original on 7 January 2015 7815:, Editions Véndémiaire, 2022, p. 62 7682:0.7% of a 2010 population of 90,945 6572:, along corridors that follows the 5863:French speakers in Africa in 2014: 5742:50.3% of the population over 15 in 24: 11027:from the original on 3 August 2008 10792:from the original on 15 April 2015 10662:from the original on 18 March 2015 10242:Collins, Emmet (3 December 2021). 9853: 9625:from the original on 26 March 2015 9299:from the original on 19 March 2015 8926:from the original on 11 April 2015 8763:. Office for National Statistics. 8680:from the original on 15 April 2015 8156:from the original on 15 April 2015 7025:Primary School Leaving Examination 5808:Languages of Tunisia § French 5516: 3397: 2221:2010 OIF report + 2003 OIF survey 2053:Alliances françaises in Peru 2018 25: 11755: 11207: 10980:Abalain, Hervé (1 January 2007). 10272:. 2.statcan.ca. 7 December 2010. 10088:from the original on 3 March 2016 9388:from the original on 27 July 2011 9026:from the original on 6 April 2015 9000:from the original on 6 April 2015 8889:from the original on 26 June 2015 8510:from the original on 4 March 2016 8506:. Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. 7430: 6151: 11716: 11715: 11062: 11039: 11007: 10973: 10947: 10921: 10889: 10760:from the original on 1 July 2015 10746: 10719: 10648: 10610: 10599: 10588: 10533: 10512: 10491: 10470: 10444: 10410: 10391: 10340: 10300:Ministry of the Attorney General 10288: 10262: 10235: 10134:from the original on 9 June 2015 9769:(in French). Paris: l'Harmattan. 8536:from the original on 20 May 2015 8315:from the original on 19 May 2016 8246:from the original on 5 July 2021 8181:. Cengage Learning. p. 90. 7121: 7078:About 0.7% of the population of 6755: 6640: 6521: 6516:Test de connaissance du français 6484:, and to a more limited extent, 5965:Languages of Benin § French 5770:Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb 5485: 5454: 5423: 5392: 5361: 5330: 5299: 5268: 5237: 5206: 5175: 5144: 5113: 5082: 5051: 5020: 4989: 4958: 4927: 4896: 4865: 4799: 4770: 4740: 4711: 4682: 4653: 4624: 4595: 4566: 4537: 4508: 4479: 4450: 4421: 4392: 4363: 4334: 4305: 4276: 4247: 4218: 4189: 4160: 4131: 4102: 4073: 4044: 4015: 3986: 3957: 3928: 3899: 3870: 3841: 3812: 3783: 3754: 3725: 3696: 3667: 3638: 3609: 3580: 3551: 3522: 3493: 3371: 3340: 3309: 3278: 3247: 3216: 3185: 3154: 3123: 3092: 3061: 3030: 2999: 2968: 2937: 2906: 2875: 2844: 2813: 2782: 2721: 2688: 2664: 2640: 2616: 2592: 2568: 2544: 2520: 2496: 2472: 2448: 2424: 2400: 2376: 2352: 2328: 2304: 2275: 2251: 2227: 2203: 2179: 2155: 2131: 2107: 2083: 2059: 2035: 2011: 1987: 1963: 1939: 1915: 1891: 1867: 1843: 1819: 1795: 1771: 1747: 1723: 1699: 1675: 1651: 1627: 1603: 1579: 1555: 1531: 1507: 1483: 1459: 1435: 1411: 1387: 1363: 1339: 1315: 1291: 1267: 1243: 1219: 1195: 1171: 1142: 1118: 1094: 1070: 1046: 1022: 998: 974: 950: 926: 902: 878: 854: 830: 806: 782: 758: 752:French embassy in Colombia 2016 734: 710: 686: 662: 638: 614: 590: 566: 542: 518: 494: 470: 446: 422: 398: 374: 350: 326: 195: 10986:. Editions Jean-paul Gisserot. 10044:"Rapport definitif RGPHAE 2013" 9862:, iwacu-burundi.org, 17-09-2014 9773: 9758: 9743: 9712: 9679: 9611: 9552: 9523: 9462:. Aps-Sud-Infos. Archived from 9452: 9414:from the original on 2 May 2015 9099: 9012: 8986: 8960: 8938: 8875: 8628: 8548: 8470: 8418: 8037: 8011: 7765: 7745: 7725: 7705: 7685: 7676: 7667: 7658: 7638: 7618: 7609: 7589: 7437:Languages of the United Kingdom 6342:in 1994 and the victory of the 5989: 2634:2017 American Community Survey 2125:2012 OIF associate application 10886:, Le Château éd., 2009, p. 20. 7992:. Francophonie. Archived from 7919: 7871: 7843: 7818: 7801: 7375: 7228:ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts 6975: 6968:About 3% of the population of 6808:About 3% of the population of 6568:are primarily concentrated in 6237: 1333:Demographic and Health Survey 1213:2018 OIF observer application 800:Demographic and Health Survey 704:Demographic and Health Survey 560:Demographic and Health Survey 186: 13: 1: 10296:"Access to justice in French" 10156:. 2.statcan.ca. 28 May 2013. 9767:Le français langue africaine 8555:Øyvind, Dahl (19 June 2024). 7789: 7462:French-based creole languages 7362:the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 7356:Multilingualism in Luxembourg 7345: 7082:can speak French as of 2014. 7009:University of the Philippines 6972:can speak French as of 2014. 6412: 6393:(15.9% to 33.0% for French), 6263: 6143:. 68.7% of the population of 5698: 5689:Université Française d'Égypte 5677:British colonization of Egypt 5580:by 76% of Algerians in 2014. 181: 11225:Is French a Global Language? 10697:original source (pdf 4.9 MB) 10595:French Language in Hong Kong 9254:"La francophonie en Algérie" 7794: 7014: 6871: 6760: 6614:French Language Services Act 6446: 6290: 6164:Democratic Republic of Congo 5583:French is not official, but 3366:United States Virgin Islands 2901:Collectivity of Saint Martin 872:French embassy in Cuba 2019 7: 10506:September 21, 2013, at the 8532:. Statistiques Luxembourg. 7445: 7249: 6804:French language in Cambodia 6797: 6710:, essentially a variant of 6441: 6174: 6037: 5618: 5570:National Assembly of France 2777:French Community of Belgium 230:French speakers by Regions 10: 11760: 11089: 10729:Loi constitutionnelle 1992 10244:"Francophones of Manitoba" 10081:. Stat Togo. p. 295. 8428:. Český statistický úřad. 7987:"Les chemins de la langue" 7434: 7385: 7379: 7349: 7327: 7287: 7253: 7211: 7162: 7156: 7152: 7113: 7074:French language in Vietnam 7071: 7067: 7041:League of Nations Mandates 6961: 6923:French language in Lebanon 6920: 6916: 6878:French people in Hong Kong 6875: 6826:Shanghai French Concession 6801: 6644: 6530: 6495: 6450: 6427: 6416: 6358: 6354: 6340:Genocide against the Tutsi 6327: 6305: 6294: 6267: 6241: 6219: 6196: 6178: 6155: 6132: 6114: 6110: 6091: 6073: 6041: 6019: 6015: 5993: 5962: 5805: 5801: 5727: 5724:French language in Morocco 5721: 5717: 5702: 5528:French language in Algeria 5525: 5521: 28: 11711: 11622: 11594: 11554: 11500: 11446: 11399: 11390: 11377: 11267: 10848:. Region Vallée d'Aoste. 10754:"Pays d'Aoste – Histoire" 10248:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9686:Wolff, Alexandre (2011). 8266:"The People of Australia" 7323: 7207: 7181:(excluding a part of the 7085: 6828:and other concessions in 6771: 6700: 6537:French language in Canada 6526: 6323: 6215: 5918:Native Speakers in Africa 5898: >50% Francophone 5675:During the period of the 5511: 3180:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2730:This section needs to be 204:This section needs to be 11145:(in French). Gallimard. 10897:"Luxembourg law of 1984" 10451:Barbosa, Rosana (2009). 9381:10.4000/anneemaghreb.305 9259:. Université de Béchar. 7532: 7382:Languages of Switzerland 7283: 7034: 6896: 6815: 6714:, is spoken in parts of 6491: 6301: 6244:Languages of Ivory Coast 6192: 6082:Central African Republic 6070:Central African Republic 5958: 5892: 41–50% Francophone 5886: 31–40% Francophone 5880: 21–30% Francophone 5874: 11–20% Francophone 5655: 3791:Central African Republic 694:Central African Republic 176: 80–99% Francophone 170: 60–79% Francophone 164: 40–59% Francophone 158: 20–39% Francophone 132: 40–49% Francophone 126: 30–39% Francophone 120: 20–29% Francophone 114: 10–19% Francophone 11502:Germanic-speaking world 9765:Dumont, Pierre (1990). 9295:. Assemblée Nationale. 8606:"Republic of Mauritius" 8178:La France contemporaine 7931:La voix de la diversité 7352:Languages of Luxembourg 7191:Brussels-Capital Region 7001:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 6964:French language in Laos 6957: 6792: 6586:Winnipeg Capital Region 6423: 6419:Languages of Seychelles 6344:Rwandan Patriotic Front 6270:Languages of Madagascar 6087: 5868: 0–10% Francophone 5705:Languages of Mauritania 4829:Subnational territories 2466:Adult Education Survey 2298:Adult Education Survey 2005:Adult Education Survey 1981:Adult Education Survey 1261:Adult Education Survey 512:Adult Education Survey 344:Adult Education Survey 152: 0–19% Francophone 11392:Romance-speaking world 10740: 9081:"Sondage linguistique" 8922:. Statistique Canada. 8454:. Statistics Estonia. 7512:List of link languages 7130:This section is empty. 7095: 6882:Languages of Hong Kong 6778:anti-Portuguese factor 6656: 6578:Red River of the North 6297:Languages of Mauritius 5919: 5900: 5841:L'Economiste Maghrébin 5792: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5642: 5634: 5626: 502:Bosnia and Herzegovina 290: 178: 140: 138: 50%+ Francophone 108: 0–9% Francophone 44:international language 11683:Uralic-speaking world 11596:Celtic-speaking world 11556:Slavic-speaking world 11106:(in French). Nathan. 9798:10.3406/lfr.1994.5743 9737:10.3406/lfr.1994.5735 8673:. ODSEF. p. 25. 7435:Further information: 7380:Further information: 7350:Further information: 7328:Further information: 7288:Further information: 7268:(in its local forms, 7256:Languages of Guernsey 7254:Further information: 7163:Further information: 7098:Spoken by 12% of the 7093: 6782:Brazilian nationalism 6654: 6593:Northwest Territories 6397:(15.8% to 22.7%) and 6181:Languages of Djibouti 6044:Languages of Cameroon 5951:and the Cameroonian " 5917: 5862: 5576:, French was used on 2235:São Tomé and Príncipe 392:2009 national survey 288: 146: 95: 10821:on 24 September 2015 10682:Van Parijs, Philippe 9570:, 9781848857094. p. 9541:, 9781848857094. p. 9516:, 9781848857094. p. 8019:"Target Survey 2021" 7903:. RTBF Litterature. 7276:) is the historical 7165:Languages of Belgium 6750:endangered languages 6744:in various parts of 6635:northeastern Ontario 6361:Languages of Senegal 6117:Languages of Comoros 6022:Languages of Burundi 5837:La Presse de Tunisie 5786:Aujourd'hui le Maroc 2576:United Arab Emirates 320:Basis of projection 9780:Wald, Paul (1994). 9719:Manessy, G (1994). 9152:on 12 February 2020 8974:on 15 December 2019 8738:on 17 November 2010 7856:The Washington Post 7830:Legal Language Blog 7340:Jersey Legal French 7330:Languages of Jersey 7218:Languages of France 6933:self-identification 6330:Languages of Rwanda 6222:Languages of Guinea 5734:The 2004 census of 4750:(England and Wales) 3451: Others (1.4%) 1040:Target Survey 2021 276: Others (1.5%) 74:in the world after 11382:Language geography 11220:Why French Matters 11074:2018-02-15 at the 11059:, 20 November 2013 11051:2017-10-18 at the 10734:2008-04-30 at the 10548:2016-03-04 at the 10527:2015-05-17 at the 10485:2015-09-24 at the 10360:on 5 February 2016 10250:. Historica Canada 10190:on 23 January 2021 9750:Lafage, S (1998). 9372:L'Année du Maghreb 8863:on 14 January 2009 8025:on 23 October 2022 7973:, pp. 31–161. 7807:Léonard Dauphant, 7778:2015-04-07 at the 7758:2016-03-04 at the 7738:2015-04-12 at the 7718:2015-05-14 at the 7698:2015-04-17 at the 7651:2015-09-24 at the 7631:2015-07-18 at the 7602:2015-05-21 at the 7527:Language geography 7313:official languages 7309:Fascist government 7096: 6990:Alliance Française 6866:Alliance française 6708:New England French 6657: 6453:French West Indies 6409:in those regions. 6383:regions of Senegal 6308:Languages of Niger 6199:Languages of Gabon 6084:along with Sango. 6030:, the other being 5920: 5901: 5855:Sub-Saharan Africa 5693:Université Senghor 5650:Tout sur l'Algérie 5598:Algerian Civil War 5585:The World Factbook 1006:Dominican Republic 291: 258:Sub-Saharan Africa 179: 141: 11731: 11730: 11496: 11495: 11339: 11338: 11183:978-2-924698-32-7 11152:978-2-07-297686-5 11113:978-2-09-882654-0 10993:978-2-87747-881-6 10704:(pdf 0.7 MB) 10570:, pp. 13–19. 10462:978-0-7618-4147-0 9252:Berbaoui, Nacer. 8354:on 6 January 2016 8188:978-1-305-80441-8 8047:. 14 August 2017. 7961:, pp. 30–35. 7517:Dialect continuum 7226:in 1992, but the 7150: 7149: 7023:, the top 10% of 6789:, in the latter. 6767:French Argentines 6742:coureurs des bois 6570:southern Manitoba 6566:Franco-Manitobans 6430:Languages of Togo 6278:, the capital of 6141:Republic of Congo 6129:Congo-Brazzaville 6094:Languages of Chad 5628:Le Soir d'Algérie 5509: 5508: 4826: 4825: 3878:Congo-Brazzaville 3395: 3394: 3211:Wallis and Futuna 2751: 2750: 2713:Other territories 2710: 2709: 1078:Equatorial Guinea 225: 224: 56:Kingdom of France 16:(Redirected from 11751: 11719: 11718: 11397: 11396: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11343: 11342: 11254: 11247: 11240: 11231: 11230: 11202: 11200: 11198: 11192: 11186:. Archived from 11175: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11144: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11123:on 12 April 2015 11122: 11116:. Archived from 11105: 11083: 11066: 11060: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11026: 11019: 11011: 11005: 11004: 11002: 11000: 10977: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10925: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10908: 10902:. Archived from 10901: 10893: 10887: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10840: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10811: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10797: 10791: 10784: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10765: 10750: 10744: 10743: 10727: 10723: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10711: 10705: 10690: 10678: 10672: 10671: 10669: 10667: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10614: 10608: 10603: 10597: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10571: 10565: 10552: 10541: 10537: 10531: 10520: 10516: 10510: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10466: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10414: 10408: 10407: 10395: 10389: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10365: 10359: 10353:. Archived from 10352: 10344: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10318: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10292: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10281: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10239: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10223:on 25 April 2023 10209: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10195: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10150: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10130:. 2.statcan.ca. 10124: 10115: 10109: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10087: 10080: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10055: 10048: 10040: 10034: 10028: 10022: 10016: 10010: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9950: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9899: 9893: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9863: 9857: 9851: 9845: 9839: 9833: 9827: 9821: 9802: 9801: 9786:Langue française 9777: 9771: 9770: 9762: 9756: 9755: 9747: 9741: 9740: 9725:Langue française 9716: 9710: 9709: 9707: 9705: 9699: 9692: 9683: 9677: 9671: 9662: 9656: 9647: 9641: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9615: 9609: 9603: 9592: 9586: 9575: 9556: 9550: 9527: 9521: 9502: 9493: 9487: 9476: 9475: 9473: 9471: 9456: 9450: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9404: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9383: 9363: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9349: 9343: 9336: 9328: 9309: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9289: 9276: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9265: 9258: 9249: 9243: 9237: 9226: 9220: 9214: 9208: 9193: 9187: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9157: 9142: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9118: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9077: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9057: 9050: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9016: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8979: 8970:. Archived from 8964: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8953: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8931: 8916: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8853: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8786: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8769: 8762: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8717: 8711: 8704: 8696: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8672: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8647: 8640: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8602: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8591: 8585: 8578: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8500: 8494: 8493: 8491: 8489: 8480:. Archived from 8474: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8463: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8353: 8346: 8338: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8305: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8270: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8236: 8193: 8192: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8155: 8148: 8140: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8087: 8068: 8062: 8049: 8048: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8021:. Archived from 8015: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8004: 7998: 7991: 7983: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7947: 7946: 7944: 7942: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7822: 7816: 7805: 7783: 7769: 7763: 7749: 7743: 7729: 7723: 7709: 7703: 7689: 7683: 7680: 7674: 7671: 7665: 7662: 7656: 7642: 7636: 7622: 7616: 7613: 7607: 7593: 7587: 7580: 7318:Franco-Provençal 7307:campaign of the 7280:of the islands. 7145: 7142: 7132:You can help by 7125: 7118: 6705: 6704: 6696:Louisiana Creole 6684:Louisiana French 6623:Franco-Ontarians 6506:, together with 6166:. About half of 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5773: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5623: 5613:) of Algerians. 5587:cites it as the 5491: 5489: 5488: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5367: 5365: 5364: 5336: 5334: 5333: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5181: 5179: 5178: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5077:British Columbia 5057: 5055: 5054: 5026: 5024: 5023: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4964: 4962: 4961: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4833: 4832: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4717: 4715: 4714: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4398: 4396: 4395: 4369: 4367: 4366: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4282: 4280: 4279: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4021: 4019: 4018: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3963: 3961: 3960: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3789: 3787: 3786: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3615: 3613: 3612: 3586: 3584: 3583: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3464: 3463: 3450: 3440: 3430: 3420: 3410: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3346: 3344: 3343: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3191: 3189: 3188: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3149:Saint Barthélemy 3129: 3127: 3126: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2963:French Polynesia 2943: 2941: 2940: 2912: 2910: 2909: 2881: 2879: 2878: 2850: 2848: 2847: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2725: 2724: 2717: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2670: 2668: 2667: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2598: 2596: 2595: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2526: 2524: 2523: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2430: 2428: 2427: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2382: 2380: 2379: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2310: 2308: 2307: 2281: 2279: 2278: 2257: 2255: 2254: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2209: 2207: 2206: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2041: 2039: 2038: 2017: 2015: 2014: 1993: 1991: 1990: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1849: 1847: 1846: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1777: 1775: 1774: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1729: 1727: 1726: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1381:2010 OIF report 1369: 1367: 1366: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1201: 1199: 1198: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1016:2014 OIF report 1004: 1002: 1001: 980: 978: 977: 956: 954: 953: 932: 930: 929: 908: 906: 905: 884: 882: 881: 860: 858: 857: 836: 834: 833: 812: 810: 809: 788: 786: 785: 764: 762: 761: 740: 738: 737: 716: 714: 713: 692: 690: 689: 668: 666: 665: 644: 642: 641: 620: 618: 617: 596: 594: 593: 572: 570: 569: 548: 546: 545: 524: 522: 521: 500: 498: 497: 476: 474: 473: 452: 450: 449: 428: 426: 425: 404: 402: 401: 380: 378: 377: 356: 354: 353: 332: 330: 329: 308: 307: 303:foreign language 275: 265: 255: 245: 235: 220: 217: 211: 199: 198: 191: 175: 169: 163: 157: 151: 137: 131: 125: 119: 113: 107: 21: 11759: 11758: 11754: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11749: 11748: 11734: 11733: 11732: 11727: 11707: 11693:Hindustani list 11623:Other languages 11618: 11609:Scottish Gaelic 11590: 11550: 11492: 11442: 11386: 11373: 11370: 11340: 11335: 11287:Canadian French 11263: 11258: 11210: 11205: 11196: 11194: 11190: 11184: 11173: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11142: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11114: 11103: 11092: 11087: 11086: 11076:Wayback Machine 11067: 11063: 11053:Wayback Machine 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11024: 11017: 11013: 11012: 11008: 10998: 10996: 10994: 10978: 10974: 10964: 10962: 10961:on 22 July 2013 10953: 10952: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10935:on 21 July 2013 10927: 10926: 10922: 10912: 10910: 10909:on 3 March 2016 10906: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10890: 10881: 10877: 10869: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10842: 10841: 10834: 10824: 10822: 10813: 10812: 10805: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10773: 10763: 10761: 10752: 10751: 10747: 10736:Wayback Machine 10725: 10724: 10720: 10709: 10707: 10706:on 13 June 2007 10703: 10695:: Article from 10688: 10679: 10675: 10665: 10663: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10641: 10637: 10629: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10611: 10604: 10600: 10593: 10589: 10581: 10574: 10566: 10555: 10550:Wayback Machine 10540:(in Portuguese) 10539: 10538: 10534: 10529:Wayback Machine 10519:(in Portuguese) 10518: 10517: 10513: 10508:Wayback Machine 10498:(in Portuguese) 10497: 10496: 10492: 10487:Wayback Machine 10477:(in Portuguese) 10476: 10475: 10471: 10463: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10415: 10411: 10396: 10392: 10377: 10373: 10363: 10361: 10357: 10350: 10346: 10345: 10341: 10331: 10329: 10320: 10319: 10315: 10305: 10303: 10294: 10293: 10289: 10279: 10277: 10268: 10267: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10240: 10236: 10226: 10224: 10211: 10210: 10203: 10193: 10191: 10178: 10177: 10173: 10163: 10161: 10152: 10151: 10147: 10137: 10135: 10126: 10125: 10118: 10110: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10078: 10074: 10073: 10069: 10059: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10042: 10041: 10037: 10029: 10025: 10017: 10013: 10005: 10001: 9993: 9989: 9981: 9977: 9969: 9965: 9957: 9953: 9945: 9941: 9933: 9926: 9918: 9914: 9906: 9902: 9894: 9890: 9882: 9878: 9870: 9866: 9858: 9854: 9846: 9842: 9834: 9830: 9822: 9805: 9778: 9774: 9763: 9759: 9748: 9744: 9717: 9713: 9703: 9701: 9700:on 5 April 2015 9697: 9690: 9684: 9680: 9672: 9665: 9657: 9650: 9642: 9638: 9628: 9626: 9617: 9616: 9612: 9604: 9595: 9587: 9578: 9557: 9553: 9528: 9524: 9503: 9496: 9488: 9479: 9469: 9467: 9466:on 27 June 2015 9458: 9457: 9453: 9443: 9441: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9417: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9391: 9389: 9364: 9357: 9347: 9345: 9344:on 16 June 2015 9341: 9334: 9330: 9329: 9312: 9302: 9300: 9291: 9290: 9279: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9256: 9250: 9246: 9238: 9229: 9221: 9217: 9209: 9196: 9188: 9165: 9155: 9153: 9144: 9143: 9126: 9116: 9114: 9113:on 7 April 2015 9105: 9104: 9100: 9090: 9088: 9079: 9078: 9071: 9061: 9059: 9058:on 4 March 2016 9055: 9048: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9029: 9027: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9003: 9001: 8992: 8991: 8987: 8977: 8975: 8966: 8965: 8961: 8951: 8949: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8929: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8885:. La Libre.be. 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8855: 8854: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8796:on 4 April 2015 8788: 8787: 8783: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8741: 8739: 8730: 8729: 8725: 8715: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8677: 8670: 8666: 8665: 8661: 8651: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8634: 8633: 8629: 8619: 8617: 8604: 8603: 8599: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8559: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8511: 8502: 8501: 8497: 8487: 8485: 8484:on 26 June 2018 8476: 8475: 8471: 8461: 8459: 8450: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8424: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8306: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8278:on 14 July 2014 8275: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8238: 8237: 8196: 8189: 8173: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8141: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8089: 8088: 8071: 8063: 8052: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8028: 8026: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8002: 8000: 7999:on 2 April 2015 7996: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7977: 7969: 7965: 7957: 7950: 7940: 7938: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7910: 7908: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7859:. 18 April 2022 7849: 7848: 7844: 7834: 7832: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7806: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7786: 7780:Wayback Machine 7770: 7766: 7760:Wayback Machine 7750: 7746: 7740:Wayback Machine 7730: 7726: 7720:Wayback Machine 7710: 7706: 7700:Wayback Machine 7690: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7659: 7653:Wayback Machine 7643: 7639: 7633:Wayback Machine 7623: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7604:Wayback Machine 7594: 7590: 7581: 7540: 7535: 7448: 7439: 7433: 7394: 7386:Main articles: 7384: 7378: 7358: 7348: 7332: 7326: 7292: 7286: 7258: 7252: 7220: 7210: 7187:German-speaking 7167: 7161: 7155: 7146: 7140: 7137: 7116: 7088: 7076: 7070: 7037: 7017: 6978: 6966: 6960: 6925: 6919: 6899: 6884: 6874: 6818: 6806: 6800: 6795: 6774: 6763: 6758: 6722:Missouri French 6712:Canadian French 6649: 6643: 6627:Eastern Ontario 6539: 6533:Canadian French 6531:Main articles: 6529: 6524: 6518:(TCF) in 2009. 6500: 6494: 6463:French Antilles 6455: 6449: 6444: 6432: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6403:Quranic schools 6363: 6357: 6332: 6326: 6310: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6272: 6266: 6246: 6240: 6224: 6218: 6201: 6195: 6183: 6177: 6160: 6154: 6137: 6131: 6119: 6113: 6096: 6090: 6078: 6072: 6046: 6040: 6024: 6018: 5998: 5992: 5967: 5961: 5899: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5857: 5810: 5804: 5732: 5726: 5720: 5707: 5701: 5681:Egyptian Sultan 5658: 5611:butin de guerre 5530: 5524: 5519: 5517:Northern Africa 5514: 5486: 5484: 5455: 5453: 5424: 5422: 5393: 5391: 5362: 5360: 5331: 5329: 5300: 5298: 5269: 5267: 5238: 5236: 5207: 5205: 5176: 5174: 5145: 5143: 5114: 5112: 5083: 5081: 5052: 5050: 5021: 5019: 4990: 4988: 4959: 4957: 4928: 4926: 4897: 4895: 4866: 4864: 4831: 4800: 4798: 4771: 4769: 4741: 4739: 4712: 4710: 4683: 4681: 4654: 4652: 4625: 4623: 4596: 4594: 4567: 4565: 4538: 4536: 4509: 4507: 4480: 4478: 4451: 4449: 4422: 4420: 4393: 4391: 4364: 4362: 4335: 4333: 4306: 4304: 4277: 4275: 4248: 4246: 4219: 4217: 4190: 4188: 4161: 4159: 4132: 4130: 4103: 4101: 4074: 4072: 4045: 4043: 4016: 4014: 3987: 3985: 3958: 3956: 3929: 3927: 3900: 3898: 3871: 3869: 3842: 3840: 3813: 3811: 3784: 3782: 3755: 3753: 3726: 3724: 3697: 3695: 3668: 3666: 3639: 3637: 3610: 3608: 3581: 3579: 3552: 3550: 3523: 3521: 3494: 3492: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3426: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3400: 3398:Native speakers 3372: 3370: 3341: 3339: 3310: 3308: 3279: 3277: 3248: 3246: 3217: 3215: 3186: 3184: 3155: 3153: 3124: 3122: 3093: 3091: 3062: 3060: 3031: 3029: 3000: 2998: 2969: 2967: 2938: 2936: 2907: 2905: 2876: 2874: 2845: 2843: 2814: 2812: 2783: 2781: 2762:French speakers 2747: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2726: 2722: 2715: 2689: 2687: 2665: 2663: 2641: 2639: 2617: 2615: 2593: 2591: 2569: 2567: 2545: 2543: 2521: 2519: 2497: 2495: 2473: 2471: 2449: 2447: 2425: 2423: 2401: 2399: 2377: 2375: 2353: 2351: 2329: 2327: 2305: 2303: 2276: 2274: 2252: 2250: 2228: 2226: 2204: 2202: 2180: 2178: 2156: 2154: 2132: 2130: 2108: 2106: 2084: 2082: 2060: 2058: 2036: 2034: 2012: 2010: 1988: 1986: 1971:North Macedonia 1964: 1962: 1940: 1938: 1916: 1914: 1892: 1890: 1868: 1866: 1844: 1842: 1820: 1818: 1796: 1794: 1772: 1770: 1748: 1746: 1724: 1722: 1700: 1698: 1676: 1674: 1652: 1650: 1628: 1626: 1604: 1602: 1580: 1578: 1556: 1554: 1532: 1530: 1508: 1506: 1484: 1482: 1460: 1458: 1436: 1434: 1412: 1410: 1388: 1386: 1364: 1362: 1340: 1338: 1316: 1314: 1292: 1290: 1268: 1266: 1244: 1242: 1220: 1218: 1196: 1194: 1172: 1170: 1143: 1141: 1119: 1117: 1095: 1093: 1071: 1069: 1047: 1045: 1023: 1021: 999: 997: 975: 973: 951: 949: 927: 925: 903: 901: 879: 877: 855: 853: 831: 829: 807: 805: 783: 781: 759: 757: 735: 733: 711: 709: 687: 685: 663: 661: 639: 637: 615: 613: 591: 589: 567: 565: 543: 541: 519: 517: 495: 493: 471: 469: 447: 445: 423: 421: 399: 397: 375: 373: 351: 349: 327: 325: 314:French speakers 299:native speakers 282: 280: 279: 278: 277: 273: 271: 263: 261: 253: 251: 243: 241: 233: 221: 215: 212: 209: 200: 196: 189: 184: 177: 173: 171: 167: 165: 161: 159: 155: 153: 149: 139: 135: 133: 129: 127: 123: 121: 117: 115: 111: 109: 105: 40:French language 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11757: 11747: 11746: 11729: 11728: 11726: 11725: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11668: 11663: 11662: 11661: 11651: 11650: 11649: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11626: 11624: 11620: 11619: 11617: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11600: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11588: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11571: 11566: 11560: 11558: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11547: 11546: 11536: 11535: 11534: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11517: 11506: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11490: 11489: 11488: 11480: 11479: 11478: 11468: 11467: 11466: 11461: 11450: 11448: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11440: 11435: 11434: 11433: 11423: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11405: 11403: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11384: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11369: 11368: 11361: 11354: 11346: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11290: 11289: 11279: 11274: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11257: 11256: 11249: 11242: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11209: 11208:External links 11206: 11204: 11203: 11193:on 23 May 2022 11182: 11164: 11151: 11133: 11112: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11085: 11084: 11061: 11038: 11006: 10992: 10972: 10946: 10920: 10888: 10875: 10863: 10832: 10803: 10771: 10745: 10718: 10673: 10647: 10645:, p. 358. 10635: 10633:, p. 218. 10623: 10609: 10598: 10587: 10585:, p. 249. 10572: 10553: 10532: 10511: 10490: 10469: 10461: 10443: 10429: 10409: 10390: 10384:2020-02-12 at 10371: 10339: 10326:www.ontario.ca 10313: 10287: 10261: 10234: 10201: 10171: 10145: 10116: 10114:, p. 359. 10099: 10067: 10035: 10023: 10011: 9999: 9997:, p. 230. 9987: 9985:, p. 126. 9975: 9973:, p. 352. 9963: 9961:, p. 351. 9951: 9949:, p. 139. 9939: 9937:, p. 108. 9924: 9922:, p. 117. 9912: 9910:, p. 102. 9900: 9898:, p. 133. 9888: 9886:, p. 131. 9876: 9864: 9852: 9840: 9828: 9803: 9772: 9757: 9742: 9711: 9678: 9676:, p. 499. 9663: 9648: 9646:, p. 386. 9636: 9610: 9608:, p. 215. 9593: 9591:, p. 217. 9576: 9551: 9522: 9494: 9492:, p. 216. 9477: 9451: 9425: 9399: 9374:(I): 207–218. 9355: 9310: 9277: 9244: 9242:, p. 214. 9227: 9215: 9194: 9163: 9124: 9098: 9087:on 5 July 2017 9069: 9037: 9011: 8985: 8959: 8937: 8900: 8874: 8807: 8781: 8749: 8723: 8712:on 14 May 2014 8691: 8659: 8627: 8597: 8565: 8547: 8521: 8495: 8469: 8443: 8417: 8395: 8374:"Burkina Faso" 8365: 8326: 8289: 8257: 8242:. Ethnologue. 8194: 8187: 8167: 8116: 8105:on 23 May 2022 8069: 8050: 8036: 8010: 7975: 7963: 7948: 7937:on 16 May 2013 7918: 7892: 7870: 7842: 7817: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7764: 7744: 7724: 7704: 7684: 7675: 7666: 7657: 7637: 7617: 7608: 7588: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7522:Geolinguistics 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7447: 7444: 7432: 7431:United Kingdom 7429: 7377: 7374: 7347: 7344: 7325: 7322: 7305:Italianisation 7285: 7282: 7251: 7248: 7244:advertisements 7209: 7206: 7195:Flemish Region 7159:Belgian French 7157:Main article: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7128: 7126: 7115: 7112: 7104:European Union 7087: 7084: 7072:Main article: 7069: 7066: 7036: 7033: 7016: 7013: 6994:Southeast Asia 6977: 6974: 6962:Main article: 6959: 6956: 6929:la tendre mère 6921:Main article: 6918: 6915: 6898: 6895: 6873: 6870: 6846:Kwang-Chou-Wan 6834:Shamian Island 6817: 6814: 6802:Main article: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6773: 6770: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6748:, but are now 6726:Muskrat French 6645:Main article: 6642: 6639: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6508:Haitian Creole 6498:Haitian French 6493: 6490: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6425: 6422: 6414: 6411: 6356: 6353: 6325: 6322: 6303: 6300: 6292: 6289: 6265: 6262: 6258:Ivorian French 6239: 6236: 6217: 6214: 6194: 6191: 6176: 6173: 6156:Main article: 6153: 6152:Congo-Kinshasa 6150: 6130: 6127: 6112: 6109: 6089: 6086: 6071: 6068: 6039: 6036: 6017: 6014: 5994:Main article: 5991: 5988: 5963:Main article: 5960: 5957: 5894: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5870: 5864: 5856: 5853: 5806:Main article: 5803: 5800: 5722:Main article: 5719: 5716: 5700: 5697: 5657: 5654: 5526:Main article: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5482: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5110: 5104: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4795: 4794: 4793:North America 4791: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4766: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4748:United Kingdom 4736: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4620: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4591: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4475: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4330: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4301: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4185: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4127: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4011: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3965:Czech Republic 3953: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3924: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3866: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3779: 3778: 3777:North America 3775: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3750: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3605: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3468: 3459:first language 3447: 3437: 3427: 3417: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2749: 2748: 2729: 2727: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2660: 2659: 2658:Rivard (2016) 2656: 2653: 2650: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2600:United Kingdom 2588: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2564: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2247: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2151: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1791: 1790: 1789:Rivard (2016) 1787: 1784: 1781: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 994: 993: 990: 987: 984: 970: 969: 966: 963: 960: 946: 945: 942: 939: 936: 922: 921: 918: 915: 912: 910:Czech Republic 898: 897: 894: 891: 888: 874: 873: 870: 867: 864: 850: 849: 846: 843: 840: 826: 825: 824:Rivard (2016) 822: 819: 816: 802: 801: 798: 795: 792: 778: 777: 774: 771: 768: 754: 753: 750: 747: 744: 730: 729: 726: 723: 720: 706: 705: 702: 699: 696: 682: 681: 678: 675: 672: 658: 657: 654: 651: 648: 634: 633: 630: 627: 624: 610: 609: 606: 603: 600: 586: 585: 582: 579: 576: 562: 561: 558: 555: 552: 538: 537: 534: 531: 528: 514: 513: 510: 507: 504: 490: 489: 486: 483: 480: 466: 465: 462: 459: 456: 442: 441: 438: 435: 432: 418: 417: 414: 411: 408: 394: 393: 390: 387: 384: 370: 369: 366: 363: 360: 346: 345: 342: 339: 336: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 272: 262: 252: 242: 232: 228: 227: 226: 223: 222: 203: 201: 194: 188: 185: 183: 180: 172: 166: 160: 154: 148: 134: 128: 122: 116: 110: 104: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11756: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11724: 11723: 11714: 11713: 11710: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11677: 11674: 11673: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11656: 11655: 11652: 11648: 11645: 11644: 11643: 11640: 11636: 11633: 11632: 11631: 11628: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11597: 11593: 11587: 11584: 11580: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11557: 11553: 11545: 11542: 11541: 11540: 11537: 11533: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11512: 11511: 11508: 11507: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11487: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11477: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11469: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11456: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11449: 11445: 11439: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11427: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11410: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11389: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11376: 11367: 11362: 11360: 11355: 11353: 11348: 11347: 11344: 11332: 11329: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11309:United States 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11269: 11266: 11262: 11255: 11250: 11248: 11243: 11241: 11236: 11235: 11232: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11215: 11212: 11211: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11172: 11171: 11165: 11154: 11148: 11141: 11140: 11134: 11119: 11115: 11109: 11102: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11082:, 20 Nov 2013 11081: 11080:The Telegraph 11077: 11073: 11070: 11065: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11042: 11023: 11016: 11010: 10995: 10989: 10985: 10984: 10976: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10905: 10898: 10892: 10885: 10879: 10873:, p. 12. 10872: 10867: 10851: 10847: 10846: 10839: 10837: 10820: 10816: 10810: 10808: 10788: 10781: 10775: 10759: 10755: 10749: 10742: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10722: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10687: 10683: 10677: 10661: 10657: 10651: 10644: 10639: 10632: 10627: 10619: 10613: 10607: 10602: 10596: 10591: 10584: 10579: 10577: 10569: 10564: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10551: 10547: 10544: 10536: 10530: 10526: 10523: 10515: 10509: 10505: 10502: 10494: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10473: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10447: 10432: 10430:0-89925-356-3 10426: 10422: 10421: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10394: 10387: 10386:archive.today 10383: 10380: 10375: 10356: 10349: 10343: 10327: 10323: 10317: 10301: 10297: 10291: 10275: 10271: 10265: 10249: 10245: 10238: 10222: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10206: 10189: 10185: 10181: 10175: 10159: 10155: 10149: 10133: 10129: 10123: 10121: 10113: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10084: 10077: 10071: 10052: 10045: 10039: 10033:, p. 83. 10032: 10027: 10021:, p. 84. 10020: 10015: 10009:, p. 67. 10008: 10003: 9996: 9991: 9984: 9979: 9972: 9967: 9960: 9955: 9948: 9943: 9936: 9931: 9929: 9921: 9916: 9909: 9904: 9897: 9892: 9885: 9880: 9874:, p. 88. 9873: 9868: 9861: 9856: 9850:, p. 85. 9849: 9844: 9838:, p. 87. 9837: 9832: 9826:, p. 78. 9825: 9820: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9808: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9788:(in French). 9787: 9783: 9776: 9768: 9761: 9753: 9746: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9727:(in French). 9726: 9722: 9715: 9696: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9670: 9668: 9661:, p. 75. 9660: 9655: 9653: 9645: 9640: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9607: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9590: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9558:Mak, Lanver. 9555: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9529:Mak, Lanver. 9526: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9504:Mak, Lanver. 9501: 9499: 9491: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9439: 9435: 9429: 9413: 9409: 9403: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9362: 9360: 9340: 9333: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9262: 9255: 9248: 9241: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9225:, p. 73. 9224: 9219: 9213:, p. 79. 9212: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9201: 9199: 9192:, p. 30. 9191: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9151: 9147: 9141: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9112: 9108: 9102: 9086: 9082: 9076: 9074: 9054: 9047: 9041: 9025: 9021: 9015: 8999: 8995: 8989: 8973: 8969: 8963: 8947: 8941: 8925: 8921: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8888: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8795: 8791: 8785: 8766: 8759: 8753: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8708: 8701: 8695: 8676: 8669: 8663: 8644: 8637: 8631: 8615: 8611: 8607: 8601: 8582: 8575: 8569: 8558: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8509: 8505: 8499: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8405: 8399: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8350: 8343: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8274: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8190: 8184: 8180: 8179: 8171: 8152: 8145: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8101: 8094: 8093: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8066: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8046: 8040: 8024: 8020: 8014: 7995: 7988: 7982: 7980: 7972: 7967: 7960: 7955: 7953: 7936: 7932: 7928: 7922: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7880: 7874: 7858: 7857: 7852: 7846: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7814: 7810: 7804: 7800: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7768: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7748: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7728: 7721: 7717: 7714: 7708: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7688: 7679: 7670: 7661: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7641: 7634: 7630: 7627: 7621: 7612: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7592: 7585: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7538: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7443: 7438: 7428: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7383: 7373: 7371: 7370:Luxembourgish 7367: 7363: 7357: 7353: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7321: 7319: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7219: 7215: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7189:) and in the 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7160: 7144: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7119: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7092: 7083: 7081: 7075: 7065: 7062: 7058: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6997: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6965: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6805: 6790: 6788: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6768: 6756:South America 6753: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6653: 6648: 6641:United States 6638: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6558:New Brunswick 6555: 6550: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6534: 6522:North America 6519: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6474: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6459:French Guiana 6454: 6439: 6437: 6431: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6341: 6338:in 1916. The 6337: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6298: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6182: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6159: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6077: 6067: 6064: 6061:and 60.5% in 6060: 6055: 6051: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6029: 6023: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5933:socioeconomic 5930: 5929:sociocultural 5926: 5916: 5912: 5910: 5909:mother tongue 5906: 5861: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5809: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5787: 5780: 5779: 5772: 5771: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5740: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5715: 5712: 5706: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5666:lingua franca 5663: 5653: 5651: 5646: 5645: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5621: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607:spoils of war 5604: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5589:lingua franca 5586: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5566: 5564: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5505: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5493:United States 5483: 5481: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5462:United States 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5431:United States 5421: 5419: 5418:New Hampshire 5416: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400:United States 5390: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5369:United States 5359: 5357: 5356:Massachusetts 5354: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5338:United States 5328: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5307:United States 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4894: 4892: 4891:New Brunswick 4889: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4778:United States 4768: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4361: 4360: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4255:Liechtenstein 4245: 4244: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4013: 4012: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907:Cote d'Ivoire 3897: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3549: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3444: 3434: 3424: 3414: 3406: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3379:United States 3369: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3348:United States 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3317:United States 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3090: 3088: 3087:New Caledonia 3085: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3008: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2935: 2933: 2932:French Guiana 2930: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2811: 2809: 2808:New Brunswick 2806: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2745: 2733: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2624:United States 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2302: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2009: 2008: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1457: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1347:Guinea-Bissau 1337: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1193: 1192: 1189:World Atlas 1188: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1007: 996: 995: 991: 988: 985: 983: 972: 971: 967: 964: 961: 959: 948: 947: 943: 940: 937: 935: 924: 923: 919: 916: 913: 911: 900: 899: 895: 892: 889: 887: 876: 875: 871: 868: 865: 863: 852: 851: 847: 844: 841: 839: 828: 827: 823: 820: 817: 815: 804: 803: 799: 796: 793: 791: 780: 779: 775: 772: 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Retrieved 11188:the original 11169: 11156:. Retrieved 11138: 11125:. Retrieved 11118:the original 11099: 11079: 11064: 11056: 11041: 11029:. Retrieved 11009: 10999:10 September 10997:. Retrieved 10982: 10975: 10963:. Retrieved 10959:the original 10949: 10937:. Retrieved 10933:the original 10923: 10911:. Retrieved 10904:the original 10891: 10883: 10878: 10866: 10854:. Retrieved 10844: 10823:. Retrieved 10819:the original 10794:. Retrieved 10774: 10762:. Retrieved 10748: 10721: 10708:. Retrieved 10701:the original 10692: 10676: 10664:. Retrieved 10650: 10638: 10626: 10612: 10601: 10590: 10535: 10514: 10493: 10472: 10452: 10446: 10434:. Retrieved 10419: 10412: 10403: 10393: 10374: 10362:. Retrieved 10355:the original 10342: 10330:. Retrieved 10325: 10316: 10304:. Retrieved 10299: 10290: 10278:. Retrieved 10264: 10252:. Retrieved 10247: 10237: 10225:. Retrieved 10221:the original 10216: 10192:. Retrieved 10188:the original 10183: 10174: 10162:. Retrieved 10148: 10136:. Retrieved 10090:. 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Retrieved 7829: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7803: 7767: 7747: 7727: 7707: 7687: 7678: 7669: 7660: 7640: 7620: 7611: 7591: 7482:Hispanophone 7440: 7413: 7400:(along with 7395: 7388:Swiss French 7364:, alongside 7359: 7333: 7300:Aosta Valley 7293: 7290:Aosta Valley 7259: 7221: 7203: 7185:, which are 7183:East Cantons 7168: 7138: 7134:adding to it 7129: 7097: 7077: 7054: 7038: 7018: 6998: 6979: 6967: 6944: 6941: 6928: 6926: 6911:Chandannagar 6900: 6892: 6885: 6819: 6807: 6775: 6764: 6730:Métis French 6720: 6688:Cajun French 6681: 6658: 6612: 6611:, under the 6605: 6590: 6551: 6540: 6501: 6475: 6465:, including 6456: 6433: 6380: 6364: 6333: 6311: 6276:Antananarivo 6273: 6247: 6225: 6202: 6184: 6161: 6138: 6120: 6097: 6079: 6047: 6025: 6002:Burkina Faso 5999: 5990:Burkina Faso 5968: 5953:Camfranglais 5921: 5902: 5834: 5818: 5811: 5765: 5741: 5733: 5708: 5685: 5674: 5659: 5615: 5610: 5603:Kateb Yacine 5582: 5574:social media 5567: 5559: 5555:white collar 5531: 5480:Rhode Island 5273: 5232:Aosta Valley 4658: 4632:South Africa 4154:Asia/Europe 3951:Asia/Europe 3675:Burkina Faso 3574:Australasia 3456: 3404: 3242:Aosta Valley 2739: 2731: 2682:2009 census 2562:2001 census 2538:2014 census 2514:2010 census 2453: 2418:2017 census 2269:2013 census 2197:2012 census 2173:2010 census 2029:2002 census 1957:2012 census 1885:2014 census 1861:2011 census 1813:2014 census 1741:2013 census 1693:2009 census 1669:2018 census 1525:2011 census 1501:2014 census 1405:2011 census 1285:2010 census 1237:2002 census 1154:Metropolitan 1112:2011 census 776:2003 census 728:2009 census 656:2016 census 632:2005 census 584:2008 census 550:Burkina Faso 488:2013 census 416:2011 census 368:2008 census 292: 281: 229: 213: 205: 86: 80: 68:Francophonie 65: 37: 35: 31:Francophonie 26: 18:Francophones 11688:Esperantujo 11671:Malay world 11654:Persosphere 11319:New England 10726:(in French) 10436:14 November 10280:22 February 10092:1 September 9792:: 115–124. 8857:"Languages" 7941:30 December 7885:25 November 7881:(in French) 7835:28 November 7418:, of which 7398:Switzerland 7376:Switzerland 7270:Guernésiais 7045:World War I 6982:Philippines 6976:Philippines 6951:Francophone 6903:Pondicherry 6716:New England 6385:except for 6250:Ivory Coast 6238:Ivory Coast 6145:Brazzaville 6006:Ouagadougou 5845:Tunivisions 5594:Arabisation 5563:alternating 5542:Constantine 5387:Connecticut 5276:Switzerland 4922:Nova Scotia 4661:Switzerland 3443:Switzerland 3335:Puerto Rico 3286:Netherlands 2456:Switzerland 2322:OIF survey 2245:OIF survey 2211:Saint Lucia 1923:Netherlands 1909:OIF survey 1837:OIF survey 1765:OIF survey 1549:OIF survey 1491:Ivory Coast 1453:OIF survey 1357:OIF survey 1088:OIF survey 1064:OIF survey 968:OIF survey 680:OIF survey 187:OIF figures 98:L2-speakers 52:Middle Ages 11698:Tamil list 11666:Indosphere 11630:Arab world 11564:Macedonian 11515:Anglophone 11409:Portuguese 11401:Iberophone 10856:5 November 10364:9 December 10332:3 December 10227:3 December 10194:3 December 9568:1848857098 9539:1848857098 9514:1848857098 8610:Ethnologue 8378:Ethnologue 8319:13 October 8311:. UNdata. 7971:ODSEF 2022 7927:"Discours" 7790:References 7584:World Bank 7502:Russophone 7497:Persophone 7487:Indosphere 7472:Arabophone 7467:Anglophone 7346:Luxembourg 7278:vernacular 7214:Toubon Law 7212:See also: 7043:following 6876:See also: 6746:New France 6625:reside in 6496:See also: 6471:Martinique 6467:Guadeloupe 6451:See also: 6428:See also: 6417:See also: 6413:Seychelles 6359:See also: 6328:See also: 6306:See also: 6295:See also: 6280:Madagascar 6268:See also: 6264:Madagascar 6242:See also: 6220:See also: 6209:Libreville 6197:See also: 6179:See also: 6133:See also: 6115:See also: 6092:See also: 6074:See also: 6042:See also: 6020:See also: 5980:Atlantique 5925:vernacular 5794:La Vie éco 5756:Casablanca 5728:See also: 5711:Mauritania 5703:See also: 5699:Mauritania 5201:Puducherry 4854:Reference 4848:Percentage 4822:Melanesia 4603:Seychelles 4342:Madagascar 4313:Luxembourg 4085:66,740,000 3476:Percentage 3025:Martinique 2994:Guadeloupe 2771:Reference 2765:Percentage 2604:11,281,136 2312:Seychelles 1899:Mozambique 1879:13,456,845 1851:Montenegro 1731:Mauritania 1659:Madagascar 1635:Luxembourg 1471:11,796,508 1255:12,242,129 1159:63,958,684 1034:72,110,821 814:Costa Rica 670:Cape Verde 650:11,060,585 626:11,490,652 362:14,903,789 182:Statistics 66:The terms 46:alongside 11642:Sinophone 11586:Ukrainian 11482:Romanian 11414:Lusophone 11324:Louisiana 11314:Minnesota 11158:4 January 9731:: 11–19. 9022:. Insee. 8996:. Insee. 8952:8 January 8488:7 October 8410:8 January 7795:Citations 7507:Sinophone 7492:Lusophone 7240:contracts 7236:education 7029:Singapore 7021:Singapore 7015:Singapore 6937:Christian 6888:Hong Kong 6872:Hong Kong 6862:Guangdong 6830:Guangzhou 6761:Argentina 6738:voyageurs 6734:habitants 6673:Louisiana 6482:St. Lucia 6447:Caribbean 6291:Mauritius 6104:N'Djamena 5760:Marrakech 5294:Louisiana 5280:1,606,029 5001:6,540,735 4836:Territory 4782:1,307,742 4665:1,791,115 4400:Mauritius 4284:Lithuania 3766:7,651,360 3621:4,194,000 3559:Australia 3482:Reference 3304:Louisiana 2887:7,666,000 2856:1,530,440 2794:4,658,000 2756:Territory 2628:2,179,246 2532:6,321,391 2508:3,554,266 2460:5,889,496 2388:5,471,670 2263:4,640,365 2143:2,281,829 2095:2,546,977 1951:3,362,988 1927:3,306,754 1755:Mauritius 1687:3,702,660 1663:7,729,277 1611:Lithuania 1591:2,539,554 1495:9,324,605 1375:4,906,073 1327:3,776,680 1183:1,865,225 1058:3,204,706 794:3,518,464 722:2,249,023 698:1,435,061 578:1,073,506 554:5,403,610 482:4,306,099 458:8,814,948 434:1,166,035 216:July 2024 60:chivalric 50:, in the 11738:Category 11722:Category 11277:Cambodia 11072:Archived 11057:BBC News 11049:Archived 11031:21 April 11022:Archived 11015:"EUROPA" 10871:OIF 2014 10850:Archived 10787:Archived 10758:Archived 10738: – 10732:Archived 10660:Archived 10643:OIF 2014 10631:OIF 2014 10583:OIF 2014 10568:OIF 2014 10546:Archived 10525:Archived 10504:Archived 10483:Archived 10404:NOLA.com 10382:Archived 10306:22 April 10274:Archived 10164:22 March 10158:Archived 10138:22 March 10132:Archived 10112:OIF 2014 10083:Archived 10051:Archived 10031:OIF 2014 10019:OIF 2014 10007:OIF 2014 9995:OIF 2014 9983:OIF 2014 9971:OIF 2014 9959:OIF 2014 9947:OIF 2014 9935:OIF 2014 9920:OIF 2014 9908:OIF 2014 9896:OIF 2014 9884:OIF 2014 9872:OIF 2014 9848:OIF 2014 9836:OIF 2014 9824:OIF 2014 9704:28 April 9674:OIF 2014 9659:OIF 2014 9644:OIF 2014 9629:26 April 9623:Archived 9606:OIF 2014 9589:OIF 2014 9490:OIF 2014 9470:29 April 9444:26 April 9438:Archived 9418:26 April 9412:Archived 9392:26 April 9386:Archived 9303:28 March 9297:Archived 9270:29 April 9261:Archived 9240:OIF 2014 9223:OIF 2014 9211:OIF 2014 9190:OIF 2014 9156:21 April 9062:27 April 9024:Archived 8998:Archived 8924:Archived 8893:26 April 8887:Archived 8867:26 April 8774:28 March 8765:Archived 8742:28 March 8716:26 April 8675:Archived 8652:26 April 8643:Archived 8614:Archived 8581:Archived 8540:28 March 8534:Archived 8514:26 April 8508:Archived 8462:31 March 8456:Archived 8436:26 April 8430:Archived 8382:Archived 8358:31 March 8313:Archived 8282:28 March 8244:Archived 8240:"French" 8151:Archived 8065:OIF 2014 8003:28 March 7959:OIF 2022 7911:29 April 7905:Archived 7863:19 April 7776:Archived 7756:Archived 7736:Archived 7716:Archived 7696:Archived 7649:Archived 7629:Archived 7600:Archived 7446:See also 7415:Romandie 7392:Romandie 7274:Jèrriais 7262:Guernsey 7250:Guernsey 7179:Wallonia 7175:Wallonia 7141:May 2022 7106:, after 7057:Damascus 6810:Cambodia 6798:Cambodia 6692:Acadiana 6576:and the 6562:Manitoba 6545:, after 6478:Dominica 6461:and the 6442:Americas 6399:Diourbel 6387:Kaffrine 6284:Malagasy 6187:Djibouti 6175:Djibouti 6168:Kinshasa 6050:Cameroon 6038:Cameroon 5984:Littoral 5943:jargon " 5849:Le Temps 5691:and the 5644:Le Matin 5620:El Watan 5578:Facebook 5015:Manitoba 4860:Flanders 4845:speakers 3994:Djibouti 3733:Cambodia 3473:speakers 2742:May 2022 2480:Thailand 2408:Suriname 2360:Slovenia 2336:Slovakia 2091:Portugal 2019:Paraguay 1030:DR Congo 982:Dominica 958:Djibouti 742:Colombia 622:Cameroon 598:Cambodia 526:Bulgaria 11574:Russian 11510:English 11471:Italian 11438:Catalan 11426:Spanish 11331:Vietnam 11304:Morocco 11299:Lebanon 11272:Algeria 11216:(ODSEF) 11127:5 April 11090:Sources 10913:7 April 10825:7 April 10796:7 April 10764:28 June 10666:7 April 10467:, p. 19 10060:9 April 9348:8 April 9117:3 April 9091:3 April 9030:2 April 9004:2 April 8930:3 April 8800:3 April 8684:9 April 8620:2 March 8590:8 April 8388:2 March 8160:8 April 7646:Geostat 7597:StatBel 7424:cantons 7410:Romansh 7406:Italian 7171:Belgium 7153:Belgium 7114:Andorra 7080:Vietnam 7068:Vietnam 7049:English 7005:Spanish 6992:in the 6947:Lebanon 6917:Lebanon 6907:Karikal 6854:Guangxi 6842:Tianjin 6787:Spanish 6669:Chinese 6665:Spanish 6661:English 6631:Central 6619:Ontario 6609:Ontario 6597:Nunavut 6584:or the 6582:Eastman 6547:English 6486:Grenada 6391:Kaolack 6367:Senegal 6355:Senegal 6254:Abidjan 6232:Conakry 6123:Comoros 6111:Comoros 6063:Yaoundé 6054:regions 6032:Kirundi 6028:Burundi 6016:Burundi 5975:Cotonou 5949:Abidjan 5941:Ivorian 5814:Tunisia 5802:Tunisia 5778:TelQuel 5736:Morocco 5718:Morocco 5636:Liberté 5534:Algeria 5522:Algeria 5449:Vermont 5311:119,931 5263:Romandy 5170:Réunion 5139:Mayotte 5121:Finland 5108:Uusimaa 5046:Alberta 4970:597,000 4953:Ontario 4908:240,455 4877:367,000 4873:Belgium 4839:Country 4807:Vanuatu 4764:Europe 4753:147,000 4734:Africa 4719:Tunisia 4705:Africa 4676:Europe 4647:Africa 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