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390:. In keeping with his adventurous spirit, he took considerable risks to photograph his subjects, also producing many rare panoramic and colour photographs of the conflict. Hurley kept a diary from 1917 to 1918, chronicling his time as a war photographer. In it, he described his commitment "to illustrate to the public the things our fellows do and how war is conducted", and his short-lived resignation in October 1917 when he was ordered not to produce
410:, he employed composites for photomurals to convey drama of the war on a scale otherwise not possible using the technology available. This brought Hurley into conflict with the AIF on the grounds that montage diminished documentary value. He wrote that he would dress in civilian clothes and eavesdrop on soldiers who were visiting his exhibitions; he concluded that the composites were justified by the favourable comments they attracted.
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A composite image created by Hurley and two of the photographs on which it was based. Hurley argued with superiors over the ethics of compositing photos, arguing that war was conducted on such a vast scale that it was impossible to capture the essence of it in a single negative. His motivation was to
294:
Hurley asserts in his biography that he then cornered Mawson as he was making his way to their interview on a train, using the advantage to talk his way into the job. Mawson was persuaded, while
Mallard, who was the manager of Harringtonsâa local Kodak franchiseâto which Hurley was in debt, provided
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and 2-reel features. He photographed two conferences of leaders at Cairo and
Teheran in 1943. Only one diary volume survives for this period. It includes a summary of his 1943 work, and covers a four-month journey from Cairo to Teheran commencing in February 1944, during which he took footage for
417:
Hurley again worked as an official photographer during the Second World War. He was employed by the
Australian Department of Information as head of the Photographic Unit from September 1940 until early 1943, based in Cairo. He took the only film of the initial victory against the Italians at Sidi
883:
None but those who have endeavoured can realise the insurmountable difficulties of portraying a modern battle by the camera. To include the event on a single negative, I have tried and tried, but the results are hopeless. Now, if negatives are taken of all the separate incidents in the action and
310:
which set out in 1914 and was marooned until August 1916; Hurley's photographic kit for the expedition included the cinematograph machine, plate still camera and several smaller Kodak cameras, along with various lenses, tripods, and developing equipment, most of which had to be abandoned with the
249:
which he paid for at the rate of a shilling per week. He taught himself photography and set himself up in the postcard business, where he gained a reputation for putting himself in danger in order to produce stunning images, including placing himself in front of an oncoming train to capture it on
421:
In early 1943, the AIF 9th
Division was recalled to Australia to fight the Japanese forces in the Pacific theatre. Hurley resigned his position, but remained in the Middle East, and accepted the position of Middle East Director of Army Features and Propaganda Films with the British Ministry of
895:
For an account of the conflict between Hurley and the war correspondent
Charles Bean, see Gough, Paul. "'Exactitude is truth': representing the British military through commissioned artworks". Journal of War and Culture Studies Volume: 1 | Issue: 3 December 2008 Page(s): 341â356
394:âa practice that was especially popular among professional photographers at the time and one that he believed could portray the disgust and horror that he felt during the war in such a way that his audience would feel it too. His period with the AIF ended in March 1918.
797:
in his obituary explains Hurley's motivation and enthusiasm; 'We were both fired with the Spirit of
Adventure; we were both happy in the knowledge that the camera was the key that would open that Magic Door.' Cato, Jack, 'For the Late Frank Hurley, Three Tributes',
418:
Barrani in
December 1940, which was given to Cinesound and Movietone News for global release. He also covered the battle of Bardia and the Siege of Tobruk in 1941, and both of the battles at El Alamein in 1942. Several volumes of his War Diaries cover this period.
323:
camera and three rolls of film and for the rest of the expedition, he shot a total of just 38 images. He also selected and saved 120 of his glass-plate negatives smashing about 400 remaining ones. Some of the plates from the expedition are now part of the
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portray the disgust and horror that he felt during the war in such a way that his audience would feel it too. Some have considered the practice as an art form; others have argued that history demands the plain, simple truth.
253:
Hurley married
Antoinette Rosalind Leighton on 11 April 1918. The couple had four children: identical twin daughters, Adelie (later a press photographer) and Toni, one son, Frank, and youngest daughter Yvonne.
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235:. He ran away from home at the age of 13 to work on the Lithgow steel mill, returning home two years later to study at the local technical school and attend science lectures at the
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while Hurley records his approach to Mawson differently in his memoir, the fact of this introduction via
Mallard was established by David P. Millar in Millar (1984).
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813:"Series 03: Frank Hurley diaries and related papers, 21 August 1917 â 13 August 1918, kept while official photographer to the Australian Imperial Force"
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During his lifetime, Hurley spent more than four years in
Antarctica. At the age of 23, in 1908, Hurley learned that Australian explorer
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Information. In this capacity, he travelled a reported 200,000 miles covering the region from Libya to Persia, making regular items for
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200:(15 October 1885 â 16 January 1962) was an Australian photographer and adventurer. He participated in a number of expeditions to
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photographic equipment. The expedition departed in 1911, returning in 1914. On his return, he edited and released a documentary,
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Frank Hurley was the third of five children to parents Edward and Margaret Hurley and was raised in
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This article is about the Australian photographer. For the Australian rugby league footballer, see
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L 35 mm hand-crank camera made in France. This camera is now in the collection of the
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439:(1945), and one other feature about Teheran itself. Other features of this period include
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to record a range of experiences including the Antarctic expeditions, the building of the
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Jolly, Martyn. "Australian FirstâWorldâWar photography Frank Hurley and Charles Bean."
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386:(AIF) as an honorary captain, and captured many stunning battlefield scenes during the
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Hurley produced many pioneering colour images of the expedition using the then-popular
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Martyn Jolly, "Australian FirstâWorldâWar photography Frank Hurley and Charles Bean."
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in 1911, recommended Hurley for the position of official photographer to Mawson's
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From snowdrift to shellfire : Capt. James Francis (Frank) Hurley, 1885â1962
1061:. National Library of Australia. Archived from the original on 19 September 2003
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His artistic style produced many memorable images. He also used staged scenes,
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combined, some idea may then be gained of what a modern battle looks like.
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and served as an official photographer with Australian forces during both
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492:(1921). He wrote and directed several dramatic feature films, including
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Hurley (right) discusses photographic opportunities for the forthcoming
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Hurley made several documentaries throughout his career, most notably
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414:, official war historian, labelled Hurley's composite images "fake".
110:
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475:, and war in the Middle East during World War II. The camera was a
1014:, 1922â (1979). Antarctic photographs 1910â1916. Macmillan, London
355:. He then returned to the Antarctic in 1929 and 1931, on Mawson's
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1010:
Hurley, Frank, 1885â1962 & Ponting, Herbert, 1870â1935 &
339:
in 1917. He later compiled his records into the documentary film
144:
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855:
Scepanovic, Milan (6â7 October 2018). "The camera doesn't lie".
357:
British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
2392:
1717:
283:
was planning an expedition to Antarctica; fellow Sydney-sider
1778:
375:
982:"Frank Hurley's movie camera - National Museum of Australia"
1164:
1021: : Frank Hurley's synchronised lecture entertainments.
346:
242:
When he was 17 he bought his first camera, a 15-shilling
447:(1945). Hurley returned to Australia in September 1946.
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2983:
695:. Vol. 9. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
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Australian Officers of the Order of the British Empire
775:. Australia: National Library of Australia. p. 2.
4320:
839:"Frank Hurley war diary, 21 August â 28 October 1917"
5409:
Personnel of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
435:(1944), possibly the first film of the Marsh Arabs
1024:Edited by Robert Dixon and Christopher Lee (2011).
863:
5350:
1079:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1019:Photography, early cinema and colonial modernity
345:in 1919. His footage was also used in the 2001
1112:https://doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1999.10443814
926:https://doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1999.10443814
504:(1926). He also worked as cinematographer for
4751:
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1185:
302:Hurley was also the official photographer on
5384:Australian military personnel of World War I
857:The Great War, part 4: endgame and aftermath
680:
678:
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1038:. Canberra: National Library of Australia.
208:. He was the official photographer for the
4758:
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4313:
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1192:
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877:. State Library of New South Wales. 2017.
854:
687:"James Francis (Frank) Hurley (1885â1962)"
508:where his best known film credits include
335:of colour photography. He photographed in
46:
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673:
299:, using his footage from the expedition.
4250:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
1087:
850:
848:
454:
396:
366:
261:
257:
5374:Military personnel from New South Wales
3825:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1052:
859:. Canberra: The Australian. p. 28.
408:Australian War Pictures and Photographs
5351:
1116:
958:National Library of Australia MS 883-
945:National Library of Australia MS 883-
362:
5444:20th-century Australian photographers
4739:
4294:
2969:
1211:
1199:
1173:
1031:
845:
770:
5332:
949:, 1912-1962 ./Series 1/Item 18 - 23/
881:from the original on 20 March 2022.
741:
739:
684:
666:
664:
233:Glebe, a suburb of Sydney, Australia
5419:People from the Inner West (Sydney)
4767:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3611:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1808:Norse colonization of North America
1090:Frank Hurley: A photographer's life
906:Frank Hurley: a photographer's life
308:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
214:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
16:Australian photographer (1885â1962)
13:
5449:People from Glebe, New South Wales
5424:Photographers from New South Wales
3140:United States Exploring Expedition
692:Australian Dictionary of Biography
14:
5460:
4322:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
4214:AmundsenâScott South Pole Station
3582:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
1136:
736:
661:
450:
289:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
210:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
5331:
5320:
5319:
4722:
4721:
4108:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
3501:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
406:For the 1918 London exhibition,
352:Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure
326:State Library of New South Wales
1004:
974:
965:
962:, 1912-1962 ./Series 1/Item 24/
952:
939:
930:
914:
889:
529:
223:and photographic manipulation.
123:First Australian Imperial Force
1152:Works by or about Frank Hurley
1059:NLA News, Volume 13, Number 11
1053:Kleinig, Simon (August 2003).
805:
800:Australian Popular Photography
788:
779:
764:
697:Australian National University
1:
5429:Recipients of the Polar Medal
4565:Clarence Petersen de la Motte
3487:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
3422:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2970:
654:
226:
3844:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3660:ShackletonâRowett Expedition
3466:French Antarctic Expeditions
3396:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3282:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
1400:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
971:McGregor, A 2004 p 387-397
517:The Silence of Dean Maitland
481:National Museum of Australia
7:
5399:Australian photojournalists
2929:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2608:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
1473:Andrée's balloon expedition
1121:. Sydney: David Ell Press.
1088:McGregor, Alasdair (2004).
642:
537:Dr. Mawson in the Antarctic
433:A Day in the Life of a King
382:In 1917, Hurley joined the
21:Frank Hurley (rugby league)
10:
5465:
5394:World War II photographers
2130:Franklin's lost expedition
1830:Christian IV's expeditions
1212:
18:
5434:World War I photographers
5314:
5090:
4913:
4904:
4823:
4773:
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4688:
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4598:
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2484:Great Northern Expedition
2378:
2160:RaeâRichardson expedition
1909:
1754:
1360:British Arctic Expedition
1252:
1224:
1220:
1207:
1117:Millar, David P. (1984).
1035:Frank Hurley's Antarctica
936:McGregor (2004) p 353-387
911:Camberwell:Viking/Penguin
773:Frank Hurley's Antarctica
384:Australian Imperial Force
319:He kept only a hand-held
174:
160:
150:
140:
132:
116:
106:
85:
65:
57:
45:
30:
5369:Australian Army officers
3768:British Antarctic Survey
3762:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3007:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1026:The Diaries of 1912â1941
649:Photography in Australia
638:(1940) - cinematographer
616:(1935) - cinematographer
608:(1934) - cinematographer
600:(1933) - cinematographer
575:Southward Ho With Mawson
545:Into Australia's Unknown
155:1st Division (Australia)
5414:Journalists from Sydney
5404:Explorers of Antarctica
4244:Pole of inaccessibility
3907:Antarctic Treaty System
2248:2nd Grinnell expedition
871:"Truth and photography"
751:www.womenaustralia.info
622:(1937) - original story
598:The Squatter's Daughter
511:The Squatter's Daughter
372:1st Australian Division
165:Battle of Passchendaele
4493:Macquarie Island party
1110:23.2 (1999): 141â148.
1108:History of photography
1092:. Camberwell: Viking.
960:Papers of Frank Hurley
947:Papers of Frank Hurley
924:23.2 (1999): 141-148
922:History of photography
819:. State Library of NSW
464:
403:
379:
276:
79:Glebe, New South Wales
4696:Adélie Land meteorite
3914:Transglobe Expedition
3813:Operation Deep Freeze
3222:Challenger expedition
2088:Coppermine expedition
1609:Drifting ice stations
1143:Works by Frank Hurley
1032:Ennis, Helen (2010).
771:Ennis, Helen (2010).
567:The Hound of the Deep
506:Cinesound Productions
501:The Hound of the Deep
473:Sydney Harbour Bridge
458:
400:
388:Third Battle of Ypres
370:
304:Sir Ernest Shackleton
273:Shackleton expedition
271:among ice pinnacles,
265:
258:Antarctic expeditions
133:Years of service
5379:Australian explorers
4867:McDonald Ice Rumples
4675:Shackleton Ice Shelf
1055:"Hiking with Hurley"
1017:Dixon Robert (2012).
685:Pike, A. F. (1983).
297:Home of the Blizzard
291:, ahead of himself.
237:University of Sydney
61:James Francis Hurley
5439:Writers from Sydney
4599:Parties and vessels
4586:Hugh Evelyn Watkins
4084:South magnetic pole
2750:Brusilov expedition
1859:Danish colonization
1297:North magnetic pole
670:McGregor (2004) p 8
467:Hurley also used a
363:Wartime photography
311:loss of their ship
4701:Air-tractor sledge
4650:King George V Land
4619:Western Base Party
4442:Western Base party
3775:Operation Windmill
3756:Operation Highjump
2731:Rusanov expedition
2636:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2380:North East Passage
2184:McClure expedition
1012:Boddington, Jennie
583:Siege of the South
553:Pearls and Savages
489:Pearls and Savages
465:
429:The Road to Russia
424:War Pictorial News
404:
380:
277:
52:Hurley around 1914
5346:
5345:
5310:
5309:
4733:
4732:
4606:Far Eastern Party
4594:
4593:
4550:Frank D. Fletcher
4469:Alexander Kennedy
4454:Charles Harrisson
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
3742:Operation Tabarin
3604:Far Eastern Party
3450:Nimrod Expedition
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2520:M. Pronchishcheva
2442:Siberian Cossacks
1911:Northwest Passage
1244:Research stations
1201:Polar exploration
706:978-0-522-84459-7
630:(1937) - director
627:A Nation is Built
594:(1932) - director
591:Symphony in Steel
586:(1931) - director
578:(1930) - director
570:(1926) - director
562:(1926) - director
556:(1921) - director
548:(1915) - director
540:(1913) - director
321:Vest Pocket Kodak
182:
181:
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4760:
4753:
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4725:
4724:
4655:Macquarie Island
4645:Commonwealth Bay
4500:George Ainsworth
4403:Archibald McLean
4333:
4332:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4292:
4291:
3789:Ronne Expedition
3274:
3268:
3132:Dumont d'Urville
2980:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2515:V. Pronchishchev
1222:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1156:Internet Archive
1132:
1103:
1084:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1049:
998:
997:
995:
993:
988:on 17 March 2011
984:. Archived from
978:
972:
969:
963:
956:
950:
943:
937:
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928:
918:
912:
893:
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809:
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792:
786:
783:
777:
776:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
747:"Hurley, Adelie"
743:
734:
733:
731:
729:
682:
671:
668:
461:battle of Bardia
392:composite images
199:
169:Battle of Bardia
118:
96:Collaroy Plateau
92:
75:
73:
50:
40:
28:
27:
5464:
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5458:
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5019:
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5008:
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4996:
4991:
4984:
4979:
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4969:
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4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4860:King Haakon Bay
4858:
4853:Fortuna Glacier
4851:
4846:Elephant Island
4844:
4837:
4830:
4819:
4810:
4800:
4790:
4780:
4769:
4764:
4734:
4729:
4715:
4684:
4670:Queen Mary Land
4623:
4590:
4574:
4570:Norman Toutcher
4545:John King Davis
4524:
4515:Charles Sandell
4510:Harold Hamilton
4488:
4459:Charles Hoadley
4437:
4423:Frank Stillwell
4418:Belgrave Ninnis
4388:Charles Laseron
4383:Sidney Jeffryes
4368:Alfred Hodgeman
4348:Frank Bickerton
4336:Main Base party
4324:
4319:
4289:
4276:
3951:
3943:
3819:McMurdo Station
3688:Modern research
3686:
3674:
3409:O. Nordenskjöld
3272:
3266:
3261:
3177:Ross expedition
3001:
2974:
2953:
2382:
2374:
1915:Northern Canada
1913:
1905:
1758:
1750:
1256:
1248:
1216:
1203:
1198:
1139:
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1100:
1072:
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793:
789:
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780:
769:
765:
755:
753:
745:
744:
737:
727:
725:
707:
683:
674:
669:
662:
657:
645:
635:40,000 Horsemen
605:Strike Me Lucky
532:
463:in Egypt, 1940.
453:
365:
275:, February 1915
260:
229:
195:
175:Other work
136:1917-1918, 1940
127:Australian Army
125:
100:New South Wales
94:
90:
89:16 January 1962
77:
76:15 October 1885
71:
69:
53:
41:
36:
34:
33:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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4908:
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4884:
4881:Peggotty Bluff
4877:
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4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4827:
4825:
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4802:Rescue by the
4798:
4792:Voyage of the
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4755:
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4703:
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4683:
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4665:Ninnis Glacier
4662:
4657:
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4461:
4456:
4451:
4449:Charles Dovers
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4433:Leslie Whetter
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4413:Herbert Murphy
4410:
4405:
4400:
4398:Douglas Mawson
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
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4345:
4339:
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4285:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4236:Vostok Station
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4187:Cherry-Garrard
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4027:Southern Cross
4023:
4022:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3957:
3955:
3949:Farthest South
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3929:
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3922:
3910:
3903:
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3698:
3692:
3690:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3646:Ross Sea party
3642:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3578:
3573:
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3406:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3371:
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3364:
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3349:
3348:
3343:
3340:Southern Cross
3333:Southern Cross
3329:
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3317:
3312:
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3198:
3192:
3173:
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3158:
3157:
3156:
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3134:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:Bellingshausen
3069:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
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2438:
2433:
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2416:
2411:
2406:
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2396:
2388:
2386:
2384:Russian Arctic
2376:
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2195:
2180:
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2168:
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2059:
2058:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1907:
1906:
1904:
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1869:
1868:
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1819:SnÊbjörn galti
1816:
1811:
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1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:Farthest North
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1189:
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1168:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1138:
1137:External links
1135:
1134:
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1127:
1114:
1104:
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1085:
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1029:
1022:
1015:
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549:
541:
531:
528:
452:
451:Cinematography
449:
437:Garden of Eden
364:
361:
281:Douglas Mawson
259:
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93:(aged 76)
87:
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15:
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5239:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5082:
5078:
5073:
5070:
5069:Spencer-Smith
5066:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4895:Stromness Bay
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4874:Mount Worsley
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4782:Drift of the
4779:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4728:
4718:
4712:
4711:Mawson's Huts
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4680:Wireless Hill
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4660:Mertz Glacier
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4560:Percival Gray
4558:
4556:
4555:F. J. Gillies
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:John H. Blair
4538:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4520:Arthur Sawyer
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Andrew Watson
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4393:Cecil Madigan
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Walter Hannam
4361:
4359:
4358:Percy Correll
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3367:Discovery Hut
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:A. Sibiryakov
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:Glavsevmorput
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:J. Richardson
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:M. Corte-Real
1931:
1929:
1928:G. Corte-Real
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:C. Richardson
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1660:Georgiy Sedov
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:Riiser-Larsen
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1128:9780908197590
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:9780670888955
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1045:9780642276988
1041:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
987:
983:
977:
968:
961:
955:
948:
942:
933:
927:
923:
917:
910:
907:
903:
899:
892:
885:
880:
876:
872:
866:
858:
851:
849:
840:
834:
818:
814:
808:
802:, March 1962.
801:
796:
791:
782:
774:
767:
752:
748:
742:
740:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
681:
679:
677:
667:
665:
660:
650:
647:
646:
637:
636:
632:
629:
628:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
588:
585:
584:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
538:
534:
533:
527:
525:
524:
519:
518:
513:
512:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
490:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
457:
448:
446:
445:The Holy Land
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
419:
415:
413:
409:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
377:
373:
369:
360:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
338:
337:South Georgia
334:
333:Paget process
329:
327:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
300:
298:
292:
290:
286:
285:Henri Mallard
282:
274:
270:
269:
264:
255:
251:
248:
245:
240:
238:
234:
224:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:James Francis
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
88:
84:
80:
68:
64:
60:
56:
49:
44:
39:
29:
26:
22:
5172:
5092:
5021:Shore party:
5020:
4915:
4803:
4793:
4783:
4640:Cape Denison
4612:
4530:
4505:Leslie Blake
4474:Morton Moyes
4464:Sydney Jones
4408:Xavier Mertz
4378:Frank Hurley
4377:
4242:
4230:Pole of Cold
4228:
4154:
4145:
4113:
4106:
4082:
4053:
4039:
4033:Borchgrevink
4025:
4012:
3997:
3977:
3962:
3931:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3875:
3866:
3849:
3842:
3823:
3811:
3787:
3773:
3766:
3754:
3740:
3726:
3712:
3705:
3666:
3658:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3589:
3580:
3542:
3534:
3525:
3518:
3506:
3499:
3485:
3473:Pourquoi-Pas
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3443:Orcadas Base
3441:
3433:
3420:
3414:C. A. Larsen
3402:
3394:
3380:
3373:
3360:
3352:
3346:Borchgrevink
3339:
3331:
3288:
3280:
3255:C. A. Larsen
3248:
3229:
3220:
3202:
3184:
3175:
3162:
3147:
3138:
3125:
3086:
3072:
3065:
3046:
3031:
2941:
2934:
2917:
2910:
2896:
2881:
2867:
2854:
2829:
2815:
2813:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2755:
2748:
2729:
2695:
2693:
2679:
2677:
2659:
2649:
2647:
2627:
2625:
2606:
2482:
2440:
2423:
2391:
2355:
2353:
2333:
2332:
2312:
2311:
2297:
2284:
2269:
2255:
2246:
2233:
2204:
2192:Investigator
2191:
2182:
2158:
2145:
2137:
2128:
2115:
2086:
2063:
2048:
2033:
2003:
1988:
1958:
1877:
1857:
1828:
1824:Erik the Red
1806:
1784:
1777:
1734:submersibles
1731:
1725:Arktika 2007
1723:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1690:
1681:
1678:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1614:
1607:
1583:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1558:
1524:
1522:
1493:
1490:
1479:S. A. Andrée
1471:
1458:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1398:
1380:
1367:
1358:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1295:
1161:Frank Hurley
1147:Open Library
1118:
1107:
1089:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1034:
1005:Bibliography
990:. Retrieved
986:the original
976:
967:
959:
954:
946:
941:
932:
921:
916:
909:
905:
891:
882:
875:sl.nw.gov.au
874:
865:
856:
833:
821:. Retrieved
816:
807:
799:
790:
781:
772:
766:
754:. Retrieved
750:
726:. Retrieved
690:
633:
625:
619:
613:Grandad Rudd
611:
603:
597:
589:
581:
573:
565:
560:Jungle Woman
559:
551:
543:
535:
530:Select films
523:Grandad Rudd
521:
515:
509:
499:
495:Jungle Woman
493:
487:
485:
477:Debrie Parvo
466:
444:
443:(1944), and
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:
416:
412:Charles Bean
407:
405:
381:
350:
340:
330:
328:collection.
316:
312:
301:
296:
293:
278:
267:
252:
241:
230:
218:
216:of 1914â16.
192:
188:
184:
183:
161:Battles/wars
91:(1962-01-16)
32:Frank Hurley
25:
5364:1962 deaths
5359:1885 births
5145:Greenstreet
4832:Caird Coast
4794:James Caird
4635:Adélie Land
4373:John Hunter
3933:Lake Vostok
3883:Tryoshnikov
3805:Schlossbach
3696:Christensen
3638:James Caird
3559:E. R. Evans
3325:Dobrowolski
3295:de Gerlache
2997:Expeditions
2883:Aviaarktika
2837:Samoylovich
2708:Kolomeitsev
2602:Middendorff
2562:Gedenshtrom
1982:I. Fyodorov
1744:Chilingarov
1632:E. Fyodorov
1239:Expeditions
756:12 December
620:Tall Timber
520:(1934) and
498:(1926) and
469:film camera
247:Box Brownie
102:, Australia
81:, Australia
5353:Categories
5273:Stephenson
5266:Shackleton
5243:Mrs Chippy
5110:Blackborow
5055:Mackintosh
4812:Luis Pardo
4484:Frank Wild
4353:John Close
4156:Terra Nova
4061:Shackleton
4004:J. C. Ross
3963:Resolution
3953:South Pole
3728:New Swabia
3652:Mackintosh
3624:Shackleton
3543:Terra Nova
3536:Terra Nova
3270:Heroic Age
3230:Challenger
3190:J. C. Ross
3100:Bransfield
3032:Resolution
2947:icebreaker
2911:Chelyuskin
2652:expedition
2630:Expedition
2572:Matyushkin
2530:Kh. Laptev
2525:Chelyuskin
2419:Heemskerck
2409:Chancellor
2404:Willoughby
2399:Koch boats
2342:Stefansson
2276:McClintock
2240:Inglefield
2082:J. C. Ross
1989:Resolution
1841:Cunningham
1739:Sagalevich
1428:expedition
1387:Stephenson
1347:C. F. Hall
1334:expedition
1308:J. C. Ross
1271:Heemskerck
1258:North Pole
1065:23 January
728:7 November
655:References
227:Early life
221:composites
206:world wars
202:Antarctica
107:Allegiance
72:1885-10-15
58:Birth name
5259:Rickinson
5252:Orde-Lees
5093:Endurance
4998:Stenhouse
4930:d'Anglade
4906:Personnel
4888:Stromness
4839:Cave Cove
4824:Locations
4428:Eric Webb
4329:Personnel
4255:Tolstikov
4041:Discovery
4011:HMS
3996:HMS
3978:Adventure
3976:HMS
3961:HMS
3897:Tolstikov
3618:Endurance
3403:Antarctic
3388:Drygalski
3361:Discovery
3354:Discovery
3315:Arctowski
3228:HMS
3201:HMS
3195:Abernethy
3183:HMS
3161:USS
3148:Vincennes
3146:USS
3126:Astrolabe
3066:San Telmo
3047:Adventure
3045:HMS
3030:HMS
3025:Kerguelen
2987:Continent
2972:Antarctic
2849:Urvantsev
2807:Vilkitsky
2660:Jeannette
2658:USS
2650:Jeannette
2614:Weyprecht
2592:Pakhtusov
2542:Chichagov
2535:D. Laptev
2478:Permyakov
2453:Stadukhin
2448:Perfilyev
2425:Mangazeya
2363:H. Larsen
2328:Rasmussen
2283:HMS
2254:USS
2203:HMS
2190:HMS
2154:Collinson
2144:HMS
2136:HMS
2114:HMS
2062:HMS
2047:HMS
2032:HMS
2017:Mackenzie
2004:Discovery
2002:HMS
1987:HMS
1959:Discovery
1938:Frobisher
1901:Rasmussen
1814:Gunnbjörn
1760:Greenland
1689:USS
1680:USS
1552:Ellsworth
1494:Roosevelt
1424:Nansen's
1381:Discovery
1379:HMS
1366:HMS
1313:Abernethy
1281:Marmaduke
902:1752-6272
817:Catalogue
795:Jack Cato
715:1833-7538
431:(1944),
313:Endurance
268:Endurance
178:1908â1948
111:Australia
5325:Category
5215:McCarthy
5117:Cheetham
5103:Bakewell
5062:Richards
5004:Thompson
4975:Mugridge
4960:Kavanagh
4935:Donnelly
4727:Category
4533:officers
4343:Bob Bage
4267:A. Fuchs
4224:V. Fuchs
4204:McKinley
4167:E. Evans
4126:Bjaaland
4121:Amundsen
4071:Marshall
3984:Furneaux
3836:V. Fuchs
3800:E. Ronne
3795:F. Ronne
3734:Ritscher
3588:SY
3576:Filchner
3520:Framheim
3514:Amundsen
3320:RacoviÈÄ
3305:Amundsen
3300:Lecointe
3169:Ringgold
3163:Porpoise
3053:Furneaux
2889:Shevelev
2844:Begichev
2823:Amundsen
2785:NagĂłrski
2763:Brusilov
2757:Sv. Anna
2671:Melville
2641:Palander
2597:Tsivolko
2557:Sannikov
2552:Billings
2495:Chirikov
2414:Barentsz
2356:St. Roch
2347:Bartlett
2321:Amundsen
2305:Sverdrup
2205:Resolute
2094:Franklin
2022:Kotzebue
1889:Sverdrup
1872:Scoresby
1846:Lindenov
1697:Plaisted
1682:Nautilus
1627:Shirshov
1601:Belyakov
1596:Baydukov
1570:Nautilus
1532:Amundsen
1492:SS
1451:Sverdrup
1446:Johansen
1416:Brainard
1411:Lockwood
1266:Barentsz
1075:cite web
879:Archived
723:70677943
643:See also
526:(1935).
514:(1933),
212:and the
167:and the
117:Service/
5337:Commons
5301:Worsley
5280:Vincent
5222:McIlroy
5208:Marston
5201:Macklin
5152:Holness
5075:Stevens
5034:Hayward
4970:Maugher
4965:Larkman
4945:Glidden
4940:Downing
4272:Messner
4219:Hillary
4199:Balchen
4147:Polheim
4141:Wisting
4019:Crozier
3991:Weddell
3969:J. Cook
3939:Kapitsa
3920:Fiennes
3862:Klenova
3831:Hillary
3781:Ketchum
3707:BANZARE
3682:·
3527:Polheim
3493:Shirase
3479:Charcot
3289:Belgica
3208:Crozier
3120:Morrell
3115:Weddell
3093:Lazarev
3038:J. Cook
2992:History
2942:Arktika
2918:Krassin
2903:Voronin
2875:Schmidt
2861:Ushakov
2800:Vaygach
2768:Albanov
2737:Rusanov
2718:Kolchak
2713:Matisen
2687:Makarov
2666:De Long
2567:Wrangel
2547:Lyakhov
2500:Malygin
2458:Dezhnev
2285:Pandora
2256:Advance
2223:Kennedy
2218:Belcher
2211:Kellett
2198:McClure
2122:Beechey
2116:Blossom
2109:Simpson
2077:Crozier
2070:Hoppner
2027:J. Ross
1995:J. Cook
1943:Gilbert
1836:J. Hall
1802:IngĂłlfr
1792:Naddodd
1786:Vikings
1773:Brendan
1768:Pytheas
1756:Iceland
1710:Arktika
1702:Herbert
1667:Badygin
1637:Krenkel
1622:Papanin
1591:Chkalov
1577:Wilkins
1542:Wisting
1486:F. Cook
1392:Markham
1352:Bessels
1341:Polaris
1332:Polaris
1303:J. Ross
1286:Carolus
1234:History
1154:at the
823:14 July
315:in 1915
145:Captain
5294:Wordie
5236:McNish
5229:McLeod
5180:Hussey
5173:Hurley
5166:Hudson
5009:Warren
4980:Ninnis
4916:Aurora
4804:Yelcho
4784:Aurora
4774:Events
4628:Places
4613:Aurora
4531:Aurora
4182:Bowers
4177:Wilson
4136:Hassel
4131:Helmer
4100:Mackay
4090:Mawson
4055:Nimrod
4013:Terror
3998:Erebus
3925:Burton
3720:Rymill
3596:Mawson
3590:Aurora
3569:Lashly
3554:Wilson
3457:Nimrod
3434:Scotia
3241:Murray
3216:Cooper
3203:Terror
3185:Erebus
3154:Wilkes
3105:Palmer
3073:Vostok
3020:Bouvet
2944:-class
2924:Gakkel
2792:Taymyr
2773:Konrad
2742:Kuchin
2680:Yermak
2587:Lavrov
2505:Ovtsyn
2490:Bering
2468:Ivanov
2431:Hudson
2393:Pomors
2370:Cowper
2335:Karluk
2234:Isabel
2228:Bellot
2178:Austin
2146:Terror
2138:Erebus
2034:Griper
2010:Clerke
1970:Baffin
1953:Hudson
1884:Nansen
1797:GarĂ°ar
1718:Barneo
1585:ANT-25
1561:Italia
1537:Nobile
1506:Henson
1465:Amedeo
1441:Nansen
1406:Greely
1276:Hudson
1214:Arctic
1125:
1096:
1042:
992:20 May
900:
721:
713:
703:
378:, 1917
250:film.
193:Hurley
119:branch
5187:James
5138:Green
5131:Crean
5124:Clark
5048:Joyce
4986:Paton
4955:Hooke
4950:Grady
4925:Atkin
4689:Other
4579:Other
4262:Crary
4209:Dufek
4172:Oates
4162:Scott
4095:David
4076:Adams
4047:Barne
3868:Mirny
3857:Somov
3667:Quest
3564:Crean
3549:Scott
3428:Bruce
3382:Gauss
3375:Gauss
3249:Jason
3236:Nares
3110:Davis
3087:Mirny
3060:Smith
3015:Roché
2935:Lenin
2855:Sadko
2780:Wiese
2725:Sedov
2696:Zarya
2619:Payer
2582:Litke
2577:Anjou
2510:Minin
2473:Vagin
2463:Popov
2436:Poole
2291:Young
2104:Dease
2049:Hecla
2040:Parry
1965:Bylot
1948:Davis
1923:Cabot
1896:Peary
1878:Jason
1865:Egede
1779:Papar
1691:Skate
1672:Wiese
1652:NP-37
1645:NP-36
1525:Norge
1513:Sedov
1501:Peary
1459:Jason
1374:Nares
1368:Alert
1323:Hayes
1291:Parry
1229:Ocean
441:Cairo
376:Ypres
374:near
349:film
342:South
244:Kodak
189:Frank
5287:Wild
5194:Kerr
5081:Wild
5041:Jack
5028:Gaze
5023:Cope
5014:Wise
4992:Shaw
4706:Dogs
4194:Byrd
4115:Fram
4066:Wild
3748:Marr
3714:BGLE
3701:Byrd
3629:Wild
3508:Fram
3310:Cook
2831:AARI
2816:Maud
2703:Toll
2628:Vega
2314:GjĂža
2299:Fram
2262:Kane
2099:Back
2064:Fury
2055:Lyon
1977:Munk
1616:NP-1
1518:Byrd
1435:Fram
1426:Fram
1318:Kane
1165:IMDB
1123:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1081:link
1067:2021
1040:ISBN
994:2009
898:ISSN
825:2014
758:2018
730:2013
719:OCLC
711:ISSN
701:ISBN
347:IMAX
151:Unit
141:Rank
86:Died
66:Born
5159:How
4611:SY
4529:SY
3891:3rd
3877:2nd
3851:1st
3684:IGY
3680:IPY
2270:Fox
2166:Rae
1732:Mir
1708:NS
1163:at
1145:at
306:'s
197:OBE
38:OBE
5355::
2796:/
1077:}}
1073:{{
1057:.
873:.
847:^
815:.
749:.
738:^
717:.
709:.
699:.
689:.
675:^
663:^
483:.
359:.
239:.
191:"
98:,
4759:e
4752:t
4745:v
4314:e
4307:t
4300:v
3273:"
3267:"
3210:)
3206:(
3197:)
3188:(
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
1131:.
1102:.
1083:)
1069:.
1048:.
1028:.
996:.
908:.
896:(
841:.
827:.
760:.
732:.
317:.
187:"
74:)
70:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
