783:, but it still favoured the Country Party. The far-western region went down from five seats to three, and the provincial cities (which had traditionally voted ALP) were separated from their hinterlands, in which new Country Party seats were created. As a result, Liberals gained new seats in Brisbane, and in return they agreed not to contest the zonal electoral system, despite the fact that it allowed the Country Party to be the senior coalition partner even if it won fewer votes than the Liberal Party (which it did after 1966). Another electoral reform in the form of compulsory preferential voting was introduced in 1960, when it became clear that the QLP no longer posed a threat, and that QLP voters were likely to give their preferences to a Country-Liberal coalition over the ALP in any event. Largely on the strength of QLP preferences, the Coalition scored a healthy four-seat swing in
824:
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open, honest and outwardly benevolent. Not the wisest or most imaginative of
Queensland Premiers, he nonetheless achieved a good deal without needing to hog the limelight. He was lucky to have been in office during a time of stability and prosperity, and it is true that his administration benefited from the parlous state of the ALP after Gair's downfall. Even so, his Premiership is generally considered by historians to have been a success.
664:
627:. On his return to Queensland he bought a small pineapple farm at Palmwoods, 100 kilometres north of Brisbane, through a soldier-settler scheme. Nicklin saved wisely and put his farming experience to good use, and his farm succeeded where many others failed. He led many fruit-growers' organisations, and then became involved in
714:
in
Australia, and increasing tensions between the Parliamentary Labor Party and the party's union-dominated Central Executive (QCE) in Queensland. These tensions boiled over in 1957, when the QCE pushed the Government to introduce three weeks' paid leave for public servants. Gair refused, and Nicklin
702:
Despite these setbacks, Nicklin was never challenged for the leadership. Many coalition members appeared to have despaired of ever defeating Labor, and were content to simply represent their constituencies. Accordingly, Nicklin was left to handle most of the business of opposition. He acknowledged to
52:
851:
Nicklin held his
Cabinet to high standards. He was only forced to dismiss ministers on two occasions, once for tax evasion and once for a sexual harassment scandal, and in both cases he lied to cover the real reasons for the ministers' departure. These stories seem to be the only deliberate untruths
819:
broke out again in 1964, and again the mine needed to be closed down. Here, Nicklin acted erratically. First he did nothing for months, then passed a harsh order-in-council expanding police powers to deal with the strike. This came just as the issues behind the strike were being resolved, and caused
864:
In many ways, Nicklin broke the mould of
Queensland Premiers. Neither authoritarian nor populist in temperament, he was willing to share the power for which he had been forced to wait many years, and he was prepared to defer to those whom he knew to possess greater knowledge or talent than he. Both
868:
Still, there is some debate over whether
Nicklin's geniality was entirely genuine or whether it concealed an iron fist. There were rumours that he inspired fear in his cabinet, although this is common among successful Premiers and Prime Ministers. He remains something of a paradox – determined yet
798:
being friends as well as colleagues. The parties had some disputes over seat allocation in the mid-1960s, and Morris was not always an easy man to work with, but on the whole the
Nicklin Government saw a period of remarkably cordial relations between the Nationals and Liberals, especially compared
690:
Nicklin was leader of the opposition for sixteen years, losing five elections in a row (1944, 1947, 1950, 1953, 1956). In 1942 Labor abolished full preferential voting in favour of first-past-the-post, meaning that the
Country Party and UAP could no longer rely on each other's preferences in seats
847:
Probably
Nicklin is best remembered for his probity, which earned him the nickname 'Honest Frank'. It is not recorded who first coined the term, but it spread quickly and was widely accepted, even by Nicklin's opponents, as being accurate. Nicklin was not widely known when he became Premier, and
814:
In 1961, at Morris' insistence, the old
Industrial Court was replaced by the Industrial Relations and Arbitration Commission, which had less power. It could not raise award payments, although it could decrease them. At the time, the miners of Mount Isa Mines (MIM) were lodging a claim for a wage
810:
By comparison with the political turbulence in
Queensland during the 1950s and the 1970s, the 1960s were singularly subdued. Primarily the Nicklin Government concentrated on employment relations and on developing the state's infrastructure. In general, Nicklin saw little reason to lose electoral
775:
Taking advantage of the split in the Labor vote, Nicklin's Country-Liberal coalition came to power with 42 seats – the first non-Labor Government since 1932. The two Labor factions won only 31 seats between them. Nicklin was the first of six consecutive Country/National Party leaders to become
855:
From 1966 Nicklin's health declined markedly, and at the end of 1967 he announced that he would retire from politics on 17 January 1968. He had served 35 years in the legislature and 27 years as leader of the non-Labor forces in Queensland. His 10 years and five months as Premier was then a
691:
that they both contested. Even more damaging to the coalition's chances was the introduction of a zonal electoral system in 1949, in which seats in the traditional Labor north and west of the state required fewer members than the Country-Party dominated south-east or the
865:
of these traits made his Government successful. His outstanding achievement was probably the mere fact that his Premiership was such a quiet and uneventful time. He was friendly and well liked by the people of Queensland, and was known as 'the gentleman Premier'.
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As he was leading a government that lacked experience, Nicklin knew that he would be relying heavily on Queensland's leading bureaucrats. He treated the public service union with care, restoring the privilege of a half-day's leave to visit the annual exhibition.
752:, crossed the floor and voted against the Government. Sensing his long-denied chance had come, Nicklin instructed the Coalition to block supply as well, bringing the Gair government down. It had been the shortest session of Parliament in Queensland's history.
722:(DLP) which had arisen out of a split in the ALP in Victoria. Reduced to a minority government, Gair negotiated with Nicklin for support from the Country Party in Parliament. However, Nicklin broke them off at the suggestion of federal Country Party leader
835:
Nicklin viewed his own achievements as Premier in terms of state development. Like most Queensland Premiers, he believed in building and capital works. Under Nicklin, road mileage doubled, irrigated land doubled, and a number of projects such as the
703:
a 1955 conference of leading Country Party figures that their chances of ever being seated to the right of the speaker were slim, but he continued as opposition leader anyway. After the 1956 election, in which he was severely defeated by Labor's
772:, every QLP MP faced an ALP challenger, while every ALP MP faced a QLP challenger. This created dozens of three-cornered contests, and the two Labor factions could not direct preferences to each other even if they'd wanted to do so.
856:
Queensland record. In 1968 he was knighted, and in a rare concession to formality chose to be dubbed 'Sir Francis'. He died on 29 January 1978, aged 82. At his own choice, he was not given the pomp and ceremony of a state funeral.
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retired in 1932, Nicklin became the new candidate for the hybrid urban-regional seat in Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast. He won the seat, although the Country and Progressive National Party Government of
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Nicklin was a popular and hardworking local member, and remained popular throughout very difficult times for the Country Party in Queensland. The opposition was fractured and weak, and the Government of
852:
he ever told to the public while in office. Nicklin's hold over his cabinet was firm, and there was no question that ministers who could not live up to Nicklin's standards were summarily dismissed.
840:
were undertaken. Mining boomed – total mining output almost trebled, and Weipa became the largest bauxite mine in the world. The Nicklin Government, especially through effective Treasurers such as
848:
while he was too modest a man to indulge in self-aggrandising publicity he was skilled enough as a politician to benefit from the way in which his reputation for decency stuck with him.
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capital by passing tough industrial relations laws during times of prosperity. However, the most serious crises of the Nicklin Premiership were based in poor handling of unions.
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On 24 April Gair was expelled from the ALP, and he and his supporters formed the Queensland Labor Party (QLP). This body would later join the anti-communist
1855:
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stood down, and Nicklin was elected to lead the merged party. The merger fell apart in 1944, but Nicklin remained as head of a Country-UAP coalition.
643:
was heavily defeated. Nicklin, therefore, entered Parliament as an opposition backbencher. He transferred to the newly created Sunshine Coast seat of
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1118:
Stevenson, B (2003). "George Francis Reuben Nicklin – The Gentleman Premier". In Murphy, Denis; Joyce, Roger; Margaret, Cribb; Rae, Wear (eds.).
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in Turramurra, Sydney. In 1910 the family moved to Beerwah in Queensland, where Nicklin's father took up banana farming. Nicklin enlisted in the
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Nicklin's first priority was to reverse the zonal electoral system in favour of his Government. Nicklin's redistribution was fairer than
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the negotiations to break down again. While the mines could eventually reopen, Nicklin was condemned for poor handling of the crisis.
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726:(himself a Queenslander), who believed that given the ructions in Labor, Nicklin had a good chance to become Premier himself.
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rise, which could not go through the new commission. This resulted in a strike which only ended with an uneasy truce. The
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backed him, arguing that the QCE was dominated by unaccountable left-wing trade union leaders with communist sympathies.
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on 6 August 1895, the son of newspaper proprietor George Francis Nicklin and his New Zealand-born wife, Edith Catherine (
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1313:. Collection includes photographs, invitations and programs, newspaper cuttings and other miscellaneous material,
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1295:. Collection comprises five audio reels of speeches by or related to Queensland Premier Frank Nicklin.
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four. After the election, the Queensland caucuses of the two non-Labor parties decided to merge as the
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The Country and Liberal Parties enjoyed a harmonious relationship, with Nicklin and Liberal leader
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803:, also a staunch coalitionist. After only three years, Munro handed the Liberal leadership to Sir
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very secure. Nicklin's preferred area was agriculture, and he made many speeches on the subject.
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was indisposed) ordered Parliament to reassemble. Shortly after 10:30 pm that night, Treasurer
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Morrison, Allan Arthur (May 1958). "Australian Political Chronicle: July–December 1957".
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707:, Nicklin considered retiring from politics. However, his fortunes would soon change.
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with the strife of later years. Morris retired in 1962 and was succeeded by Sir
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be granted to the Gair QLP government. The remnants of the ALP, now led by
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574:(6 August 1895 – 29 January 1978) was an Australian politician. He was the
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Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
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National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Queensland
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Premier Frank Nicklin opening Callide Power Station, 21 August 1965
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In 1941 the opposition suffered another severe defeat, with
1122:. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press. p. 278.
1156:. Vol. 14. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
946:. Vol. 15. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
607:
Nicklin was educated at Murwillumbah Public School and
1265:"Backward Glance – Kawana Library celebrates 30 years"
1293:
Sir George Francis Reuben Nicklin Records. 1968-1976
634:
When the Member for the solid Country Party seat of
675:winning 41 seats to the Country Party's 14 and the
938:"Nicklin, Sir George Francis (Frank) (1895–1978)"
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1236:"Nicklin – QLD Electorate, Candidates, Results"
615:in 1916 and served with distinction during the
1029:"Hunter, James Aitchison Johnston (1882–1968)"
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1871:Australian military personnel of World War I
807:, who was also a very staunch coalitionist.
1856:Australian recipients of the Military Medal
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1206:Australian Journal of Politics and History
1086:"Redistribution of Queensland Electorates"
1037:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
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1148:"Gair, Vincent Clare (Vince) (1901–1980)"
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729:On 12 June 1957, Lieutenant Governor and
270:29 April 1950 – 13 February 1968
214:Leader of the Country Party in Queensland
96:12 August 1957 – 17 January 1968
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1861:Leaders of the Opposition in Queensland
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1365:Leader of the Opposition of Queensland
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710:The late 1950s saw increasing fear of
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172:Leader of the Opposition in Queensland
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667:Nicklin as Opposition Leader in 1948.
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316:11 June 1932 – 29 April 1950
1302:Sir Francis Nicklin Papers 1957-1968
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415:Georgina Robertson Fleming (d. 1960)
184:21 May 1941 – 3 August 1957
1866:20th-century Australian politicians
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1034:Australian Dictionary of Biography
943:Australian Dictionary of Biography
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880:arterial road, both based on the
770:ensuing election on 3 August 1957
578:from 1957 to 1968, the first non-
559:Sir George Francis Reuben Nicklin
1881:Volunteer Defence Corps officers
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1027:Cribb, Margaret Bridson (1983).
699:) dominated metropolitan areas.
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1158:Australian National University
1094:. 30 September 1949. p. 2
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948:Australian National University
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695:(formerly UAP, soon to be the
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681:Country-National Organisation
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1315:State Library of Queensland
1306:State Library of Queensland
1297:State Library of Queensland
936:Stevenson, Brian F (2000).
884:, are named in his honour.
874:state electorate of Nicklin
764:Nicklin as Premier in 1959.
731:Chief Justice of Queensland
619:, where he was promoted to
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523:Volunteer Defence Corps
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1732:(and predecessors) in
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1240:Queensland Votes 2020
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65:Premier of Queensland
16:Australian politician
1287: External links
1146:Costar, B J (1996).
683:. Opposition leader
653:William Forgan Smith
623:and was awarded the
590:Nicklin was born in
582:premier since 1932.
299:Legislative Assembly
253:Legislative Assembly
119:Sir Henry Abel Smith
1399:Member for Murrumba
387:Nambour, Queensland
1323:Political offices
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364:6 August 1895
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1272:. Retrieved
1268:
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1199:
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1151:
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1032:
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1010:. Retrieved
977:. Retrieved
941:
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838:Moogerah Dam
834:
830:
813:
809:
805:Gordon Chalk
793:
778:
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728:
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709:
701:
689:
670:
649:
645:Landsborough
633:
606:
592:Murwillumbah
589:
558:
557:
529:Battles/wars
451:Army Officer
447:Fruit Grower
382:(1978-01-29)
367:Murwillumbah
334:Succeeded by
311:
286:Succeeded by
265:
258:Landsborough
242:Succeeded by
221:
202:Succeeded by
179:
160:Succeeded by
141:Gordon Chalk
105:Elizabeth II
91:
18:
1836:1978 deaths
1831:1895 births
1348:Jack Pizzey
878:Nicklin Way
756:Premiership
750:Jack Duggan
744:moved that
641:A. E. Moore
580:Labor Party
394:Nationality
389:, Australia
322:Preceded by
276:Preceded by
246:Jack Pizzey
232:Preceded by
190:Preceded by
165:Jack Pizzey
148:Preceded by
69:Elections:
1825:Categories
1810:Springborg
1800:Springborg
1734:Queensland
1673:Palaszczuk
1518:McIlwraith
1488:Macalister
1433:Mike Ahern
1427:1950–1968
1403:1932–1950
1369:1941–1957
1342:1957–1968
1331:Vince Gair
1012:19 January
888:References
860:Assessment
801:Alan Munro
736:(Governor
705:Vince Gair
631:politics.
470:Allegiance
456:Politician
441:Occupation
397:Australian
360:1895-08-06
291:Mike Ahern
153:Vince Gair
137:Alan Munro
1643:R. Cooper
1603:F. Cooper
1588:McCormack
1493:Mackenzie
1358:Ted Maher
1274:9 January
1249:9 January
1218:0004-9522
1189:9 January
1176:1833-7538
1098:9 January
1057:1833-7538
979:9 January
966:1833-7538
842:Tom Hiley
776:Premier.
742:Ted Walsh
712:communism
685:Ted Maher
647:in 1950.
493:1942–1946
491:1916–1919
473:Australia
420:Education
312:In office
266:In office
236:Ted Maher
222:In office
195:Ted Maher
180:In office
92:In office
1790:Borbidge
1653:Borbidge
1578:Theodore
1528:Morehead
1523:Griffith
1417:New seat
1375:Les Wood
1244:ABC News
1184:70677943
1065:70677943
974:70677943
876:and the
781:Hanlon's
697:Liberals
636:Murrumba
621:corporal
604:Bond).
518:Commands
304:Murrumba
280:New seat
207:Les Wood
111:Governor
1765:Nicklin
1658:Beattie
1618:Nicklin
1583:Gillies
1563:Kidston
1543:Dickson
1513:Douglas
1483:Herbert
1070:19 June
817:dispute
768:In the
101:Monarch
1805:Seeney
1785:Cooper
1770:Pizzey
1750:Vowles
1668:Newman
1623:Pizzey
1608:Hanlon
1568:Denham
1558:Morgan
1548:Dawson
1538:Byrnes
1533:Nelson
1503:Palmer
1498:Lilley
1216:
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1008:. 2015
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746:supply
543:Awards
412:Spouse
129:Deputy
1795:Horan
1780:Ahern
1760:Maher
1755:Moore
1745:Appel
1678:Miles
1663:Bligh
1638:Ahern
1628:Chalk
1598:Smith
1593:Moore
1553:Philp
1508:Thorn
673:Labor
569:
567:,
63:28th
40:
38:,
1648:Goss
1613:Gair
1573:Ryan
1276:2023
1251:2023
1214:ISSN
1191:2023
1180:OCLC
1172:ISSN
1162:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1100:2023
1072:2018
1061:OCLC
1053:ISSN
1043:ISBN
1014:2015
981:2023
970:OCLC
962:ISSN
952:ISBN
872:The
564:KCMG
508:Unit
498:Rank
377:Died
354:Born
302:for
256:for
83:1966
79:1963
75:1960
71:1957
35:KCMG
601:née
1827::
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358:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
