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not have any right to vote. A majority in the Women Voting Rights
Association then decided to propose a limited voting right for women: that women should be able to vote in municipal elections at the same conditions as men could vote in national elections. This would give only rich women the right to vote, mainly in the cities.
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and
Welhaven-Gunnerson delivered the list with signatures and a letter in support of the dissolution to the Norwegian parliament. More signatures arrived in October and in total about 300,000 signatures from women were gathered in support of a dissolution of the union. Some men without voting rights
299:
for the first time in 1874. As he was often away, a lot of the responsibilities for running the farm thus fell on
Fredrikke Marie Qvam. Being highly interested in politics and public affaires she often felt that her life at the farm was quite unsatisfactory; in a letter to her husband she wrote that
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to debate the case in 1890, but a proposal to give voting rights to women fell with 70 votes against and 44 for the proposal. In 1898, all men over 25 years obtained voting rights in municipal elections, while only men with a certain income could vote in the parliamentary election. Women still did
256:. There she spent much time outdoors in sports like skiing, skating, and riding. Her parents were liberal for the time, and her mother in particular wanted her daughters to be educated and trained in sports. The family was socially well connected and culturally involved and among their guests were
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was the driving force in the beginning, but Qvam became important for the success as she could mobilize women not only through the
Countrywide Women Voting Rights Association but also through the larger Norwegian Women's Public Health Association which she also headed. During two weeks in August,
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and worked as a teacher in private home. They became secretly engaged in 1858 and married in 1865 after Ole Anton Qvam had finished law studies in
Kristiania in 1862. In 1873, the couple bought the Gjævran farm and moved there. They had five children, of which two died in childhood and two while
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The success of gathering female signatures in support of the dissolution of the union earned women respect and was seen by many as a sign that women were politically mature enough to vote. It contributed to a process that led to full voting rights for women in 1913. After this, Qvam and the
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to let women take part in the referendum, but the reply was negative. Only men over 25 that did not depend on welfare were given the right to vote. In August the
Countrywide Women Voting Rights Association started to collect signatures of women in support of the dissolution of the union.
428:) where Qvam became leader. When women obtained a limited right to vote in municipal elections in 1901, the Countrywide Women Rights Association challenged women to get involved in party work and they recruited candidates to political parties, mainly to the Liberal Party.
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Qvam belonged to the minority in the Women Voting Rights
Association that did not want to compromise about full voting rights as a human right. In 1898, they broke away from the mother association and formed the Countrywide Women Rights Association
284:
they were young. Three of the children died of tuberculosis, in 1878, 1889, and 1893 respectively. She later stated that the sorrow she felt when experiencing her children die of ill health was one of the things that motivated her to found the
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Countrywide Women Voting Rights
Association focused on projects that should stimulate women to use their voting rights and participate in political activities. A motto frequently used by Qvam was "A right to vote is a duty to vote".
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that grew to become Norway's largest women's organisation with 250,000 members, and served as its first
President from 1896 to 1933, and as its Honorary President from 1933 until her death. She also served as president of the
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In connection with the 100th anniversary of universal female suffrage in Norway in 2013, Qvam was voted the second most important woman in Norway in the last hundred years (following
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and became its leader. The organization's stated purpose at the start was to provide medical supplies for use both in war and accidents during peacetime, to educate women in
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Qvam died at Gjævran farm in
Steinkjer in 1938. She was buried at Egge churchyard together with her husband, Ole Anton Qvam. She was survived by her daughter Louise Qvam, a
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488:. A statue of her has been erected in Steinkjer. An award in her name, Fredrikkeprisen, is awarded yearly by the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association.
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from 1899 to 1903. She was widely regarded as one of the most influential and successful political lobbyists of her time, and was described in the journal
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193:) (31 May 1843 – 10 September 1938) was a Norwegian humanitarian leader, feminist, liberal politician and the wife of Prime Minister
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in 1893, when she was 50 years old. There Fredrikke Qvam soon became involved in the women's rights movement and other political activities.
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that was formed in Kristiania in 1895. The association's purpose was to advocate for full female voting rights, in both national and
390:. The background was to a large degree the tense situation between Sweden and Norway as a result of increasing Norwegian demands for
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was announced in July 1905 and scheduled to be held 13 August 1905, Qvam appealed to the president of the Norwegian parliament
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Qvam remained leader of the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association until 1933 when she was 90. She received the
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Ole Anton Qvam established a law practice in Steinkjer and was also involved in local business and politics for the
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A meeting in Norwegian Women's national council in 1904. Fredrikke Marie Qvam number two from left.
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about 244,765 signatures from women were gathered. On 22 August 1905, Fredrikke Marie Qvam,
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were among those who had signed. 368,392 men had voted in the referendum 13 August 1905.
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in 1915 as the "Queen of the corridors." She was addressed as "Madam Cabinet Minister" (
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Unionsstrid, sanitet og stemmerett - en humanitær kvinneforenings skjulte agenda
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In 1902–1903, Qvam lived in Stockholm where Ole Anton Qvam had been appointed
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Fredrikke Marie Qvam - grunnlegger av Norske kvinners sanitetsforening
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343:(Germany), Madame Honneger, unidentified. Bottom left: Unidentified,
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Bing). In 1849, the family moved to the manor Helge-By-Rein in
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Fifth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
933:(digital foretelling av Hilde Hagerup) (besøkt 8. mars 2012)
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to merchant David Andreas Gram and Louise Augusta Gram (
837:
Reidar Hansen and Selskabet for Oslo byes Vel (1987):
1393:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
472:in gold in 1911 and became Knight, First Class of
1653:
924:finnes ved Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim,
816:Anne-Grethe Solberg tildelt Fredrikkeprisen 2012
1697:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people
1687:Recipients of the King's Medal of Merit in gold
587:Trine Krigsvoll Haagensen and Elisabeth Lønnå:
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1369:National Council of Women of the United States
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844:via Nasjonabiblioteket, retrieved 16 May 2013
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1518:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
1506:National American Woman Suffrage Association
1488:London National Society for Women's Suffrage
378:In 1896, Qvam was among the founders of the
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380:Norwegian Women's Public Health Association
371:Ole Anton and Frerikke Marie Qvam moved to
327:presiding, London 1909. Top row from left:
286:Norwegian Women's Public Health Association
199:Norwegian Women's Public Health Association
84:Norwegian Women's Public Health Association
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828:Sanitetskvinnene.no, retrieved 13 May 2013
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240:Fredrikke Marie Qvam with daughter Louise.
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1351:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
970:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
931:Digitalt fortalt: «Fredrikke Marie Qvam»
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204:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
41:Norwegian Association for Women's Rights
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659:Arkivportalen.no, retrieved 16 May 2013
573:Sanitetskvinnene, retrieved 16 May 2013
220:) and later as "Madam Prime Minister" (
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413:. The association managed to get the
339:(Finland), Madame Mirowitch (Russia),
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275:Fredrikke Marie Gran met her husband,
244:Qvam was born Fredrikke Marie Gram in
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1387:Icelandic Women's Rights Association
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781:Stortinget.no, retrieved 13 May 2013
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197:. She was the founder (1896) of the
1500:American Woman Suffrage Association
1494:National Woman Suffrage Association
915:Fredrikke Marie Qvams private arkiv
905:Nettutstilling Fredrikke Marie Qvam
806:Kildenett.no, retrieved 14 May 2013
718:Kildenett.no, retrieved 17 May 2013
654:Portrett av David Andreas Gram Qvam
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1662:Norwegian women's rights activists
1476:National Women's Rights Convention
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1423:All Pakistan Women's Association
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692:Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforening
674:Fredrikke Marie Qvam (født Gram)
425:Landskvinnestemmerettsforeningen
1441:National Organization for Women
1411:League of Women Voters of Japan
1381:International Alliance of Women
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407:Women Voting Rights Association
228:), using her husband's titles.
1363:International Council of Women
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394:. In addition to focusing on
300:she felt her life was wasted.
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910:Sanitetskvinnenes hjemmesider
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1405:All India Women's Conference
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1357:Fredrika Bremer Association
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444:leave the union with Sweden
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875:Folkvord, Magnhild. 2013.
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392:independence from Sweden
295:. He was elected to the
1619:Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
1470:Seneca Falls Convention
1261:Feminist foreign policy
1232:Anti-discrimination law
862:, retrieved 8 June 2013
763:, retrieved 13 May 2013
739:, retrieved 14 May 2013
702:, retrieved 17 May 2013
682:, retrieved 14 May 2013
644:, retrieved 11 May 2013
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599:, retrieved 11 May 2013
558:, retrieved 13 May 2013
518:Knight, First Class of
232:Early life and marriage
1564:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1429:German Women's Council
1399:League of Women Voters
1345:Danish Women's Society
1316:Individualist feminism
1291:Liberal state feminism
1227:Violence against women
492:, a street in central
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355:(Presiding, England),
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266:Aasmund Olavsson Vinje
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1692:People from Steinkjer
1682:Norwegian suffragists
1599:Margery Corbett Ashby
1544:Judith Sargent Murray
1375:Naisasialiitto Unioni
1052:Ingerid Gjøstein Resi
760:Store norske leksikon
736:Store norske leksikon
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501:Gro Harlem Brundtland
470:King's Medal of Merit
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258:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
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39:7th President of the
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1256:Women in development
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568:Fredrikke Marie Qvam
490:Fredrikke Qvams gate
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297:Parliament of Norway
187:Fredrikke Marie Qvam
126:Fredrikke Marie Gram
20:Fredrikke Marie Qvam
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1594:Carrie Chapman Catt
1554:Harriet Taylor Mill
1539:Mary Wollstonecraft
1311:Difference feminism
926:Gunnerusbiblioteket
885:Det Norske Samlaget
357:Carrie Chapman Catt
345:Anna Bugge Wicksell
304:Organizational work
1609:Margarete Bonnevie
1137:Karin M. Bruzelius
1107:Kjellaug Pettersen
1102:Bjørg Krane Bostad
1082:Karin M. Bruzelius
1042:Margarete Bonnevie
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920:2015-08-01 at the
821:2016-03-05 at the
799:2016-03-04 at the
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82:1st President the
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1569:Millicent Fawcett
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893:978-82-521-8300-9
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520:Order of St. Olav
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1559:Susan B. Anthony
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1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
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1382:
1379:
1376:
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1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
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1288:
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1282:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
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1254:
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1251:Glass ceiling
1249:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:Right to work
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Clara Ottesen
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Ragna Nielsen
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Ragna Nielsen
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
976:
972:
962:
957:
955:
950:
948:
943:
942:
939:
932:
929:
927:
923:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
861:
855:
850:
840:
834:
824:
820:
817:
812:
802:
798:
795:
790:
788:
777:
772:
770:
762:
761:
754:
748:
746:
738:
737:
730:
724:
714:
708:
701:
700:
693:
688:
681:
675:
670:
668:
666:
655:
650:
643:
642:
635:
629:
622:
621:
614:
608:
606:
598:
597:
590:
584:
582:
580:
569:
564:
557:
556:
549:
543:
541:
539:
537:
532:
521:
517:
514:
511:
510:
504:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
477:
475:
471:
466:
462:
459:
454:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
429:
426:
419:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
396:health issues
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:Aletta Jacobs
330:
326:
322:
318:
310:
301:
298:
294:
293:Liberal Party
289:
287:
282:
281:examen artium
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
238:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:Statsraadinde
215:
211:
210:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
165:Liberal Party
163:
159:
155:
151:
143:
139:
124:
120:
115:
111:
108:
105:
99:
93:
88:
85:
80:
77:
74:
68:
65:
62:
56:
50:
45:
42:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
1588:
1266:LGBT+ rights
1132:Marit Nybakk
1122:Torild Skard
1117:Berit Kvæven
1032:Anna Hvoslef
1011:
880:
876:
849:
833:
811:
758:
734:
723:
707:
697:
687:
649:
639:
632:Kari Melby:
628:
618:
594:
563:
553:
498:
483:
467:
463:
437:
430:
420:
404:
377:
370:
290:
274:
249:
243:
207:
190:
186:
185:
146:(1938-09-10)
102:Succeeded by
91:
71:Succeeded by
48:
1672:1938 deaths
1667:1843 births
1614:Eva Kolstad
1092:Irene Bauer
1087:Sigrun Hoel
1067:Eva Kolstad
1057:Marit Aarum
1037:Kitty Bugge
1022:Aadel Lampe
1017:Randi Blehr
1007:Randi Blehr
546:Kari Melby
448:Carl Berner
153:Nationality
136:31 May 1843
76:Randi Blehr
64:Randi Blehr
59:Preceded by
1656:Categories
1604:Hanna Rydh
1574:Na Hye-sok
1047:Dakky Kiær
997:Anna Bugge
987:Anna Stang
870:Literature
613:Anton Qvam
527:References
440:referendum
388:rheumatism
373:Kristiania
367:(Germany).
363:(Norway),
361:F. M. Qvam
347:(Sweden),
132:1843-05-31
1643:Sunflower
1638:Symbolism
1579:Gina Krog
486:physician
476:in 1915.
384:first aid
254:Steinkjer
246:Trondheim
222:Norwegian
214:Norwegian
156:Norwegian
96:1896–1933
92:In office
53:1899–1903
49:In office
1453:UN Women
1284:Variants
918:Archived
883:, Oslo:
879: :
819:Archived
797:Archived
262:Ole Bull
209:Samtiden
1332:Present
438:When a
359:(USA),
351:(USA),
1532:People
1520:(1897)
1514:(1894)
1508:(1890)
1502:(1869)
1496:(1869)
1490:(1867)
1484:(1867)
1478:(1850)
1472:(1848)
1463:Former
1455:(2010)
1449:(1971)
1443:(1966)
1437:(1953)
1431:(1951)
1425:(1949)
1419:(1949)
1413:(1946)
1407:(1927)
1401:(1920)
1395:(1915)
1389:(1907)
1383:(1904)
1377:(1892)
1371:(1888)
1365:(1888)
1359:(1884)
1353:(1884)
1347:(1871)
1341:(1865)
1325:Groups
1237:Sexism
1200:Issues
891:
522:(1915)
507:Awards
171:Spouse
323:with
189:(née
1244:and
889:ISBN
494:Oslo
398:and
268:and
191:Gram
141:Died
122:Born
503:).
250:née
1658::
887:.
860:VG
786:^
768:^
744:^
664:^
604:^
578:^
535:^
435:.
288:.
272:.
264:,
260:,
224::
216::
1185:e
1178:t
1171:v
960:e
953:t
946:v
422:(
134:)
130:(
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