5989:
Puerto Rico. The Free
Association would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign nations. Such agreement would provide the scope of the jurisdictional powers that the People of Puerto Rico agree to confer to the United States and retain all other jurisdictional powers and authorities. Under this option the American citizenship would be subject to negotiation with the United States Government; (2) Proclamation of Independence, I demand that the United States Government, in the exercise of its power to dispose of territory, recognize the national sovereignty of Puerto Rico as a completely independent nation and that the United States Congress enact the necessary legislation to initiate the negotiation and transition to the independent nation of Puerto Rico. My vote for Independence also represents my claim to the rights, duties, powers, and prerogatives of independent and democratic republics, my support of Puerto Rican citizenship, and a "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" between Puerto Rico and the United States after the transition process
1491:
control its land and sea (up to 200 miles offshore) for jurisdictional, environmental and communication purposes. The United States dollar would continue in use while Puerto Rico determines the application of tariffs, and in exchange the
American banking laws will still apply. To secure the newly obtained fiscal autonomy, the United States would agree to contribute to six key economic aspects for a period of 30 years; education, health, private sector development, non-profit groups, the environment, and public infrastructure. Afterwards, both sides would decide if they will continue or modify this agreement. Local law enforcement would take priority, but cooperation with federal agencies to deal with concerns such as drug traffic is established. The United States will continue to have the right to retain military bases in Puerto Rican soil, but in exchange would have to contribute in the efforts to correct the environmental damage left by military practices in Vieques and Culebra, and control the flow of mail, but the (unilaterally established) Federal Court would be replaced in a period of three years.
1537:"This option would establish Puerto Rico as a sovereign nation separate from, but legally bound (on a terminable basis) to, the United States. As a general practice, free association would be preceded by recognition that Puerto Rico is a self-governing sovereign nation not part of the United States, because compacts of free association are legal documents between sovereign nations. Free association could be accompanied by a transition period in which the United States would continue to administer certain services and provide assistance to the island for a period of time specified in the compact. Free association could be annulled at any time by either nation. Negotiations over free association would likely decide issues of trade, defense, currency, and economic aid."
1319:
947:), but (now governor) HernĂĄndez ColĂłn dismissed the idea as one that contradicted the postures of his administration and stated that free association was only supported by a few "liberal quills" within the PPD and presented his own initiative excluding sovereignty as an element. Despite representing one of the earliest confrontations between the factions of the party and that the conservatives held most positions of influence, the ongoing faction skirmishes concluded with a new definition of "Commonwealth" being adopted by the General Council due to the initiative of liberal Carlos Vizcarrondo, stating that any future development would be "non colonial and non territorial".
1569:
request from the United States
Department of Justice, "current status" was added back to the ballot. The option had been removed from the 2017 referendum in response to the results of the 2012 referendum in which remaining in the current status had been rejected. However, the Trump administration cited changes in demographics during the past 5 years to justify adding the option again. The referendum returned a result for statehood; but the result was considered invalid for low turnout, as a result of anti-statehood voters boycotting the referendum due to assertions in the wording of the ballot that were not acceptable to the anti-statehood parties.
129:
1547:"Puerto Rico should adopt a status outside of the Territory Clause of the Constitution of the United States that recognizes the sovereignty of the People of Puerto Rico. The Sovereign Free Associated State would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign nations. Such agreement would provide the scope of the jurisdictional powers that the People of Puerto Rico agree to confer to the United States and retain all other jurisdictional powers and authorities."
927:
of was directly included in the negotiation between both parties. In 1976, PROELA became the first free association organization affiliated to the PPD. The latter years of this decade brought forth a resolution where the UN's
Decolonization Committee weighted on the possibility of Puerto Rico becoming an associated free state, which concluded that it was a viable option. Despite this, the topic remained unattended within the PPD while the pro-statehood PNP began a preemptive campaign where it likened free association to independence and the Soviet Union.
722:. At the moment FernĂłs expected that the territorial clause would not apply after reclaiming sovereignty, due to the fact that the United States never incorporated Puerto Rico. During the original negotiation process in Congress, FernĂłs was aware that several key elements of his project were being removed, but opted to focus on its initial approval, believing that he would not be able to accomplish everything at once. Under these arguments, the adoption of Law 600 was approved on June 5, 1951. The name of
1430:" from José Alfredo Hernåndez Mayoral. Among the independent voices that proposed a concept of free association was, Enrique Våzquez Quintana, who argued in his proposal that a concept based on the legendary round table should be established, with representation from the governments of Puerto Rico and the United States as well as a single representative from the United Nations. In 1997, noting the perception that the status debate was not advancing within the PPD, he proposed the creation of a new party,
1520:
1148:
869:. Afterwards, a modified version was created by Epifanio FernĂĄndez Vanga, who described it as a "status where the people, being free, elected to associate with other people to establish a democratic base which due to mutual consent included tight economic and economic ties". This definition was officially adopted in the Union's platform. However, during the following years the discussion of the status issue stagnated, instead replaced with the serious economic concerns brought forth by the
1766:
718:. In 1950, FernĂłs used his function as Resident Commissioner to influence a process held between March 30 and July 3, that ended with the approval of Public Law 600, which allowed Puerto Rico to draft its own Constitution and adopt a new political system. He expected that by adopting this law, the control that the United States retained would only be considered a form of trusteeship, with sovereignty being partially split between both sides due to voluntary relegation, in line with the
1778:
1438:(lit. "Civil Action Party"), which dropped the status from its platform, aborting the initiative. Ricardo AlegrĂa, a fervent supporter of independence and culture, noted that he would be willing to temporarily support free association in this meant abolishing the territorial clause. Juan Mari BrĂĄs, expressed a similar position, claiming that while it is not independence, free association is flexible and "is not a one way street like statehood". In 2002, Julio Muriente of the
1754:
616:
1511:. The MUS also demands that Public Law 81-600, known as the Federal Relations Law and that keeps Puerto Rico subjected to the territorial clause, be abolished as part of the proposal stripping and retaining the sovereignty of Puerto Rico from the Congress of the United States. In a departure from the PPD's posture, the MUS seeks that the compact of association can be modified or concluded unilaterally as long as the decision is ratified by popular vote.
1343:
administration. On
January 2, 2013, Luis Vega Ramos presented P.C. 210, a bill supporting the organization of the Constituent Assembly, on behalf of the Bar Association of Puerto Rico. However, after the Obama administration presented a budget including 2.5 million to cost the education campaign of a future status process, GarcĂa Padilla reaffirmed his support for the territorial Commonwealth and discarded the Constituent Assembly supported by the
890:
1482:
the act of recognizing Puerto Rico's sovereignty and entering into a compact of free association will be undertaken in a single step, without undergoing a period of independence. The representative of the United States would be aware of this fact when signing the proposal, thus completing the jurisdictional transition. As a sovereign entity, Puerto Rico would support dual citizenship, and the
1665:
Rico. More specifically, the group called on the United States to expedite a process that would allow the people of Puerto Rico to exercise fully their right to self-determination and independence. ... allow the Puerto Rican people to take decisions in a sovereign manner and to address their urgent economic and social needs, including unemployment, marginalization, insolvency and poverty".
42:
1189:
enhanced territorial commonwealth, stating that "this hybrid proposal continues to be promoted in Puerto Rico as a feasible status option. Such proposals have resulted in misinformed and inconclusive referendums in Puerto Rico in July 1967, November 1993 and
December 1998." The status issue then took a hiatus while the party opposed H.R. 2499 in Washington, while the
1061:(interchangeably known as either "Sovereign Associated Free State" or "Sovereign Commonwealth" in English), which included features of both free association and the commonwealth. However, Acevedo VilĂĄ lost the bid for re-election while facing a federal indictment and Ferrer took over as president of the PPD, resuming the conservative postures of previous presidents.
1036:, where he defeated RosellĂł but was only able to secure a shared governance when conservative Roberto Pratts lost the party's bid for resident commissioner. During the process, he promoted the organization of a Constituent Assembly, eventually presenting a project that was abandoned as part of an ongoing power struggle between the PPD and PNP. In 2005,
1209:, who argued that if the liberal wing is excluded that would mean a guaranteed loss for the PPD and questioned its viability without the approval of the General Council. HernĂĄndez Mayoral expresses satisfaction and invited them to leave the party, while the conservative wing justified the move as one that anticipated a future referendum.
1456:. Alicea then began citing Miranda MarĂn, Cordero and Aponte as examples for the current leaders to follow. This move was made official with a "welcome card" issued by Carmen YulĂn Cruz, Luis Vega Ramos and Charlie HernĂĄndez. The character also ran a tongue-in-cheek gubernatorial primary campaign within the PPD. He adopted the slogan
1487:
embassies. Free passage would continue between both countries. The document does integrate some of the demands of the conservative wing, noting that it could only be amended by mutual agreement. Any differences in its interpretation would be attended by a bilateral Pact
Tribunal, created immediately after the compact is enacted.
1393:
eventual dissolution when HernĂĄndez Agosto was excused due to illness and
Acevedo VilĂĄ left when it was nearing a year of existence. Without a definition for the status formula to be defended in a referendum, the status issue stagnated during the following months, with the party seeking the counsel of constitutional lawyer
1065:
Federal
Affairs, a move that led to internal conflict that was protested by liberals, who eventually decided to leave their seats in protest. A group of functionaries mentored by the former governor began a public campaign against the pro-sovereignty postures of the previous administration, being led by senator
687:("sovereignty supporter") refers to someone that seeks to redefine the relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States to that of a compact with full sovereignty. The term is mostly used in reference to those that support a compact of free association or a variation of this formula, commonly known as
1306:. In February 2012, the government board led by GarcĂa Padilla announced the strategy of the conservative leadership to participate in the referendum, to vote "Yes" to continuing under the territorial clause and to not vote for any of the non-territorial options listed in the second question. However, the
996:
1597:
At approximately the same time as the referendum, Puerto Rico's legislators are also expected to vote on a bill that would allow the
Governor to draft a state constitution and hold elections to choose senators and representatives to the federal Congress. Regardless of the outcome of the referendum or
1408:
became the next president of the PPD and in his first message as candidate for Governor expressed that despite working towards a consensus, he personally believes in a "non colonial, non territorial" formula and favors a Constituent Assembly, also listing the status issue second among his priorities.
1350:
On July 1, 2013, conservative Eduardo Ferrer relinquished his position of Representative at-large for the PPD, formally opening a vacancy at the PR House for the PPD. The party announced that the position would be filled with the vote of the General Council's delegates during a special election. Only
1338:
were re-elected as mayors and additional sympathizers joined the incumbents in the legislature. Carmen YulĂn scored what was described as the "upset of the elections", defeating Jorge Santini to become mayor of San Juan. The "Sovereign Free Association" option finished second in the status referendum
1277:
On March 16, 2011, the President's Task Force released their report, joining the others in stating that Puerto Rico remains under the Territory Clause of the U.S. Constitution and that any attempt to pursue an enhanced Commonwealth within the Territorial Clause would be "constitutionally problematic"
1636:
Those Free Associated States use the American dollar, receive some financial support and the promise of military defense if they refuse military access to any other country. Their citizens are allowed to work in the U.S. and serve in its military. The agreement with Puerto Rico as an FAS however may
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establishes that it is meant to bring forth a non-colonial and non-territorial status in accordance to International Law and based on the sovereignty of the people of Puerto Rico. To make this clear, the English name would replace "Commonwealth" with "Free Associated State". The document states that
1375:
reunited with GarcĂa Padilla in private to discuss the Constituent Assembly resolution. After a period of negotiations that lasted over ten hours, the group led by Tirado allowed the proposal presented the next day to be discussed without directly referencing that the option presented by the PPD had
1314:
In the midst of this ideological confrontation, members of the free association movement topped the vote to select the party's PR House of Representative at-large candidates at the 2012 PPD's primary. Despite winning a spot in this event, Carmen YulĂn opted to run for the mayorship of San Juan after
1245:
to present an amendment that would include the territorial Commonwealth (described as "status quo") in the project, essentially neutralizing its intention to pursue "non territorial options". The subsequent approval of this amended proposal in the US House of Representatives was not supported by the
1028:
becoming the PR Senate's president and Vizcarrondo the PR House of Representatives' speaker. However, CalderĂłn avoided the status issue throughout her term, leading to her expressions contrasting against those of liberal figures such as Cordero Santiago, Miranda MarĂn and Acevedo VilĂĄ himself, while
1572:
If the majority had favored Independence/Free Association, a second vote would have been held to determine the preference: full independence as a nation or associated free state status with independence but with a "free and voluntary political association" between Puerto Rico and the United States.
1486:
would be internationally recognized along with the United States citizenship, capable of issuing its own functional passports. The establishment of a complete self-government would extend Puerto Rico's international presence, allowing it to have seats in international organizations and open its own
1425:
From his position of Law Professor Antonio FernĂłs LĂłpez-Cepero Jr. followed in the footsteps of his father, making his own proposals for a free association compact, among which was the elimination of the "colonial position" once occupied by his father, the Resident Commissioner. His defense of free
1326:
In April 2012, ALAS presented the signatures required to become the official representative of "Sovereign Associated Free State" in the referendum and co-representative of the "No" option. Within the PPD, Acevedo VilĂĄ emerged as the leader of the faction that supported the Sovereign Associated Free
1240:
Meanwhile, the Obama administration organized a Task Force to deal with the status issue, and Ferrer named HernĂĄndez Mayoral as the official representative of the PPD, while free association was defended by PROELA. During the public hearings for H.R. 2499, a group of lobbyists led by Ferrer managed
1179:
Several conservative members publicly differed on how to proceed on the status issue. Ferrer responded by proposing a "New Social Pact" that would work to unify both factions in theory, but several members of the party were cautious and the conflict resumed with another piece published by HernĂĄndez
1044:
in December 2005, which was met with opposition by both factions of the PPD since it concluded that Congress held all sovereignty over Puerto Rico but also described free association as akin to independence. Following the intervention of figures such as Aponte, the party expressed its support for a
926:
However throughout the 1970s, conservative PPD president HernĂĄndez ColĂłn argued that the Commonwealth already represented a form of association and the issue stagnated. Despite this, a number of unsuccessful initiatives emerged within the PPD, arguing for a form of association where the sovereignty
1664:
in its reports, because, internationally, the people of Puerto Rico are often considered to be a Caribbean nation with their own national identity. Most recently, in a June 2016 report, the Special Committee called for the United States to expedite the process to allow self-determination in Puerto
1392:
On August 30, 2014, the status issue was delegated to a committee of four ex-PPD presidents, Acevedo VilĂĄ, HernĂĄndez ColĂłn, Miguel HernĂĄndez Agosto and HĂ©ctor Luis Acevedo, which were supposed to reach a consensus. The Committee was unable to do and GarcĂa Padilla did not intervene, leading to its
1184:
and GarcĂa Padilla. After responses by Vega Ramos and Charlie HernĂĄndez, Acevedo VilĂĄ took responsibility for the loss and dismissed the conservative argument, while Miranda MarĂn directly questioned the honesty of the premise. While the latter began sounding as a potential governor candidate, the
1556:
Because there were almost 500,000 blank ballots in the 2012 referendum, creating confusion as to the voters' true desire, Congress decided to ignore the vote. On January 15, 2014, the House of Representatives approved $ 2.5 million in funding for Puerto Rico to hold a fifth referendum. The United
1490:
It establishes that "acquired rights" such as Social Security, veterans, Medicare and Medicaid benefits would remain in place and that Puerto Ricans would continue to contribute to them. Internationally, Puerto Rico would revoke the application of the Cabotage Laws and would reserve the rights to
1388:
pushed the status issue to a secondary role and after several months of inactivity, GarcĂa Padilla revived the Joint Commission. Leading to the PPD's convention during the summer, the ideological schism resurfaced, with conservatives supporting a referendum as proposed by the Obama administration
1310:
countered by openly promoting a vote for the "Sovereign Free Association" option, while adhering to the leadership's mandate to vote "Yes" in the first question. However, GarcĂa Padilla temporarily suspended Rep. Charlie HernĂĄndez when the announced that he would also vote for the "No" option was
1254:
insisted on a Constituent Assembly, while ALAS endorsed it. On June 4, 2010, Miranda MarĂn died from complication of cancer, with conservative JosĂ© Varela presenting an aborted candidature before the Municipal Committee, being revoked and later defeated by the former mayor's son in an ideological
1121:). This move ignited these differences and Ferrer reacted by reaching an agreement with Miranda MarĂn to keep the discussion contained in an internal committee, but this failed when its appointed chairman, Colberg, resigned and joined HernĂĄndez Mayoral and GarcĂa Padilla in a public critic of the
5988:
With my vote, I make the initial request to the Federal Government to begin the process of the decolonization through: (1) Free Association: Puerto Rico should adopt a status outside of the Territory Clause of the Constitution of the United States that recognizes the sovereignty of the People of
1568:
was held on June 11. The previous plebiscites provided three: "remain a Commonwealth", "Statehood", and "Independence/Free Association". The 2017 referendum was supposed to be the first referendum to offer voters only two options, "Statehood" and "Independence/Free Association"; however, after a
1447:
Historian Ăngel Collado Schwarz also created a radio show, where he discussed several historical events and topics, often discussing their relation to the status issue and sovereignty. The artistic class instead opted to support free association in their own medium, without directly entering the
1011:
organized by the RossellĂł administration and instead opted to unify both of the party's faction in a vote for a "None of the above" option, while other a group of young PPD activists took the initiative to support the free association option, which, despite receiving only 4,536 votes, fared well
987:
in 1997 the party was divided on its language and the proposed format, eventually leaving PROELA as the only faction that supported it. The following year, the party resumed their argument for a "non territorial and non colonial" development of the Commonwealth that allowed Puerto Rico to freely
1188:
On October 8, 2009, the US. House Committee on Natural Resources published House Report 111-294, which directly dismissed the possibility of further developing the Commonwealth under the sovereignty of Congress. The document criticized the support given by the conservative wing of the PPD to an
1023:
Despite conservative Sila Calderón becoming the PPD's candidate for governor, a moderate support for sovereignty was included in the party's platform prior to the 2000 general elections, and Acevedo Vilå was elected as candidate for Resident Commissioner over Hernåndez Colón's son, José Alfredo
1301:
On October 4, 2011, Fortuño announced that his administration would hold a local status referendum after H.R. 2499 failed to advance in the US Senate. In the project proposed and later approved, voters were going to be asked two questions: (1) whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's
1064:
This marked the return of HernĂĄndez ColĂłn as the party's main ideologue and the most influential member of the Government Board leading to a number of conservatives being named to fill most of the party's roles, including the certification of HernĂĄndez Mayoral as Secretary of International and
706:
Early proposals pursuing an unrefined form of sovereign association emerged during the 1880s and 1920s, but failed to gain an immediate foothold. The current territorial Commonwealth status is the consequence of its architect's inability to implement his original vision. When first proposed by
6114:
1616:
were to choose the Free Association option - and only 33% voted for it in 2012 - and if it were granted by the US Congress, Puerto Rico would become a Free Associated State, a virtually independent nation. It would have a political and economical treaty of association with the U.S. that would
1593:
Benefits of statehood include an additional $ 10 billion per year in federal funds, the right to vote in presidential elections, higher Social Security and Medicare benefits, and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy. The latter is currently prohibited.
1266:
was being pushed to become the official posture, since according to them "it even a pact per se", but a "manual that failed to establish specific details". PROELA and ALAS supported these arguments. However, Colberg and HernĂĄndez Mayoral argued against sovereignty in response. This conflict
1155:
Fortuño quickly exploited these conflicts, intervening and telling the PPD to define itself, and also claiming that the definition of "Sovereignty in association with the United States" present in H.R. 2499 was taken from the 2008 Programme of Government. However, Acevedo Vilå contested this
731:
Unsatisfied with the model approved, FernĂłs spent the following years attempting to "perfect" the Commonwealth to reflect the eponymous model in which it was based. The first project towards that goal was presented in 1953 and pursued the derogation of Puerto Rico's status as a United States
978:
and senator José Ortiz Dalliot, both liberals, to determine that there was an ideological disparity between the conservative message of past PPD presidents and the party's base. While Acevedo Vilå and other factions argued for a non territorial development to the Commonwealth, when US Rep.
1342:
GarcĂa Padilla then named Juan Eugenio HernĂĄndez Mayoral to direct the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration (PRFAA) and had previously retained his brother in the position of Secretary of International and Federal Affairs, preserving HernĂĄndez ColĂłn's conservative stance during his
1045:
form of association that included sovereignty, but during the following years status initiatives were sparse beyond declarations made before the United Nation's Decolonization Committee or the support expressed by the PPD's General Assembly for the organization of a Constituent Assembly.
923:(lit. "Aguas Buenas Pronnouncement"), which stated its support for a "complete self-government, founded in the free association with the United States and which permits and supports the country's cultural personality and the sustained development of its social and material progress."
1397:
by requesting his opinion on the viability of several proposals of both sovereign and territorial development. However, his reply was not made public and no further status initiatives were undertaken before GarcĂa Padilla renounced his bid for re-election on December 14, 2015.
1339:
by gathering 33.34% (449,679) of the valid votes. However, the other half of the PPD affiliates followed the strategy supported by Garcia Padilla, leading to 480,918 blank votes. The "No" (to continuing under the Territorial Clause) option defeated the "Yes" option 54% to 46%.
931:
1048:
On April 27, 2008, Acevedo VilĂĄ argued for the sovereign development of the commonwealth and began an internal process to define a form of sovereign association for the party to defend, which was prepared by a commission formed by members of both factions (legislators
1383:
felt that a Constituent Assembly should take place first, serving as the negotiation table between Puerto Rico, the US Department of Justice and Congress, with the viable options that emerged from this collaboration being voted for in a referendum. The onset of the
1503:, instead simply referring to it as free association, claiming that it could be misinterpreted as a form of "enhanced" territorial Commonwealth. However, on September 12, 2013, the institution published a note stating that it would be willing to cooperate in an
1589:
was strongly in favor of statehood to help develop the economy and help to "solve our 500-year-old colonial dilemma ... Colonialism is not an option .... It's a civil rights issue ... 3.5 million citizens seeking an absolute democracy," he told the news media.
1216:
appealed to the party's base via a petition. Acevedo VilĂĄ and Ferrer continued an argument that extended to the other sectors of the party. More formal rebuttals included a request to overturn the Resolution by the interim-president of the Mayor's Association,
1347:. After opposing further proposals for a Constituent Assembly, GarcĂa Padilla went on to state that no further actions to attend the status issue would take place in 2013, disregarding another initiative to discuss a Constituent Assembly in the legislature.
1228:
While the ideological struggle continued within the PPD, ALAS formally requested to act as the representative of free association in the referendum. In the midst of this controversy, Miranda MarĂn issued a pro-sovereignty speech that gathered the support of
1267:
eventually led to the creation of a Status Commission by the PPD's Government Board. On November 9, 2010, the MUS applied to be recognized as a political party for the 2012 general elections, but were met with opposition from conservatives within the PPD.
1167:
that allows for "other arrangements" between nations) in an attempt to reach a consensus. However, Alfredo HernĂĄndez Mayoral was the first to dismiss the possibility that this meant a definitive ceasefire and published an opinion column criticizing the
1293:
was announced as the candidate for the office of Resident Commissioner, but he adopted a more conservative discourse during the political campaign. In 2011, the conservative wing launched an aggressive campaign among the PPD's base to ensure that the
1452:, had become an unofficial mascot to the PPD throughout the years. In 2009, after portraying the character as a fanatical follower of the PPD without taking a stance in the ideological struggle for more than two decades, Epifanio declared himself a
3422:
1389:
while the sovereigntists continued arguing for a Constituent Assembly. GarcĂa Padilla pursued the first option and avoided defining the basics of the status option that was being proposed, instead proposing a "permanent discussion" on the matter.
6036:
1204:
At the urging of HernĂĄndez Mayoral, Ferrer converted a proposal by Colberg into Government Board Resolution JG-2010-003, which directly rejected free association as an option. After passing on a divided vote, the document was globally panned by
1302:
territorial status and -if not- (2) to indicate the political status they preferred from three possibilities: "Statehood", "Independence" or a "Sovereign Associated Free State". The referendum was set for November 6, 2012, the same day of the
1460:(lit. "Sovereign(sic) and good lookin' to kick out all those thieves"), which he employed in a faux campaign. Non partisan demonstrations include that of Miguel RodrĂguez, who on February 2, 2014, began an impromptu manifestation in front of
1289:, a study of the President's Task Force report and a recommendation to establish a permanent Status Commission. However, the document did not gather the support of the new candidate and was not acted upon. On October 26, 2011, noted liberal
1363:
and his bid was considered difficult, since it placed him in direct conflict with the conservative leadership, but he was elected despite another ideological clash that featured GarcĂa Padilla quoting HernĂĄndez ColĂłn's assertion that the
1409:
The following day, this ideological shift resulted in HernĂĄndez Mayoral quitting his office as Secretary of Federal Affairs. In the first Board reunion presided by Bernier, members of both factions decided to wait for the resolution of
5495:
736:
ordered its retirement. This decision was later blamed on the armed forces of the United States, who opposed any decision that would endanger their complete control of the strategic territory of Puerto Rico during the height of the
942:
determined that pre-existing compacts of association could be modified to fit the local needs. Within the PPD, senator Marco Antonio Rigau officially presented a free association proposal to the PPD's Government Board (Spanish:
776:
was adopted as the PPD's institutional position by governor AnĂbal Acevedo VilĂĄ, a transcendental move for the movement that resounded beyond the re-election campaign. Despite being inherited by two conservative leaders, the
885:
was part of the group that idealized this model. However, pressured by the economic influence of the sugar industry, the status discussion was stalled. This was exacerbated by serious differences between Barceló and Muñoz.
1278:
and not permanent, but mechanism proposed by the document was not supported by the sovereigntists, who felt that it placed the options in arbitrary classifications and kept the territorial Commonwealth as a viable option.
862:. Its creator was a lawyer named Miguel Guerra MondragĂłn, who based his proposal in the recognition of the sovereignty of separate constituent countries seen during the creation of the current model of the United Kingdom.
1577:
that would be negotiated between the U.S. and Puerto Rico. That document might cover topics such as the role of the US military in Puerto Rico, the use of the US currency, free trade between the two entities, and whether
6180:. Vol. 23. United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. 1971. pp.
6126:. Vol. 23. United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and People. 1971. pp.
1444:(MINH) a moderate pro-independence group, argued that if the free association movement gained prominence within the PPD, it was only a matter of time until the inmovilism surrounding the status debate was vanquished.
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were directly elected, while conservatives such as Colberg Toro entered as a product of the Minority Law. Within the PPD this conflict was met with a variety of reactions, most notably the forma division of
5649:
3412:
6046:
2484:
3502:
1274:
took a cautious approach to this candidature, since the new candidate noting that the status issue was not an immediate priority, but middle ground was reached with a Constituent Assembly proposal.
854:, which concluded with Spain surrendering the sovereignty of its colonies to the United States. The first proposal of an "Associated Free State of Porto Rico" under this regime emerged in 1922 from
732:
possession. Despite receiving support from the United States Department of the Interior, at the moment directly in charge of territorial affairs, and the Congressional commissions that studied it,
4081:
1270:
Ferrer inherited the position of PPD president to fellow conservative Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla, who on March 6, 2011, announced his intention to run as candidate for the office of governor. The
919:(lit. "Pro-Sovereignty Directory"), which promoted free association, but the existence of these was brief. On November 19, 1970, the Central Council of the PPD issued what became known as the
728:(lit. "Associated Free State") was adopted as the official Spanish name, while the official English name avoided naming any form of association or freedom, simply being called "Commonwealth".
4613:
386:
368:
1942:
3067:
1331:(lit. "Friends of the Sovereign Associated Free State"), joined ALAS. The MUS formed alliance with sovereignts candidates of the PPD, but did not take an official stance of the referendum.
4754:
3898:
1426:
association and constant critics to the conservative interpretation of his father's work by figures such as Rafael HernĂĄndez ColĂłn, earned him the tongue-in-cheek nickname "high priest of
1379:
However, the approval of 2.5 million for a referendum overseen by the US Department of Justice in the Obama administration's budget led to a pause in actions. Despite the development, the
1281:
In April 2011, the PPD's Status Commission released a report that included "10 principles of association" for the non-territorial development of the Commonwealth, a dissection of both the
3228:
1606:
1029:
figures that formerly supported (including some that helped establish it) the territorial Commonwealth such as José Trias Monge began expressing a support for the pursue of sovereignty.
1298:
failed to be elected in to the party's Government Board centering it around both of HernĂĄndez ColĂłn's sons, but this move failed and all but one of the liberal candidates were elected.
3768:
1653:
and how to assist it in achieving "independence" or "decolonization". In 1978, the Special Committee determined that a "colonial relationship" existed between the US and Puerto Rico.
1163:
Ferrer continued denying any support for free association, instead adopting a proposal to pursue a "fourth option" beyond the three stated in international laws (citing a sentence of
350:
4722:
4496:
1012:
against the "territorial Commonwealth's" 993. Prior to this, Ortiz GuzmĂĄn attempted to contest the definition of the "free association" option, but was unable to derail the process.
2815:
1507:
proposal as long as it meets with a series of requirements. The first being that it should be compliant with Principle VI of the UN's 1541 Resolution and be product of a process of
5070:
850:. Ever the diplomat, Baldorioty supported the posture of the mayority, ending the first attempt to create a form of sovereign association for Puerto Rico. This was followed by the
915:
The ongoing controversy over the nature of the Commonwealth and the status of its sovereignty led to the creation of groups that competed with the established parties, such as
1250:
of the PPD. ALAS also criticized it as an "attempt to prolong the anguish of the colony represented by the current Commonwealth". As the project moved to the Senate, the PPDC
818:
Due to Puerto Rico's historical status debate, proposals consistent with the modern free association movement can be traced to the times when Puerto Rico was a colony of the
1172:, which prompted a rebuttal by Vega Ramos. Ferrer presented this concept before the UN's decolonization committee and rejected free association before Congress, whereas the
377:
359:
760:, where none of the actual status options won. The 2000s brought forth a re-emergence of the free association movement with the prominence of new leaders such as mayors
1376:
to be "non colonial non territorial". The PIP and Bar Association of Puerto Rico presented their own Constituent Assembly proposal and public hearings were scheduled.
6177:
Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
6123:
Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
910:
4570:
17:
5639:
4335:
846:. However, there this effort was thwarted by the conservative members of the party, who supported a project that would turn the remaining Spanish colonies into
799:, sovereign free association is the option with the largest growth margin among all, experiencing a hundredfold (4,536 to 454,768) expansion in only 14 years.
341:
198:
2475:
1637:
be entirely different than it is with the current three countries because of the longer and closer relationship the territory has had with the United States.
1721:
1140:/Movimiento UniĂłn Soberanista (MUS) in the media, the first two supporting free association while the third supported sovereignty as a concept. Among these,
6236:
Antonio FernĂłs - Soberanista, Luis Muñoz MarĂn - Autonomista: Divergencias ideolĂłgicas y su efecto en el desarrollo del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico
3492:
1041:
966:
mediated a timid support for sovereignty in the definition of "Commonwealth" present in the ballot. In 1997, following the failed campaign of conservative
321:
295:
208:
1003:
Sovereignty was subsequently approved by the PPD's Government Board as an institutional position, with the support of Cordero, Miranda and Carolina mayor
243:
4956:
1057:
and non-elected figures such as HernĂĄndez Mayoral, among others) and moderated by Miranda MarĂn, eventually leading to the adoption of the concept of a
4071:
1657:
277:
4798:
741:. Subsequent projects focused on the pursuit of sovereignty, including the Aspinall Project, which was consistent with free association as defined in
5148:
647:
176:
4603:
4441:
5435:
5000:
1932:
1417:
that could potentially rule that Puerto Rico does not currently possess any degree of sovereignty, before choosing which mechanism should be used.
5809:
3057:
881:. This party proposed a two-step solution to the status issue, first obtaining a form of economic sovereignty and later proclaiming independence.
5481:
4744:
3888:
1164:
1102:
gained a foothold in the Mayor's Association. HernĂĄndez Mayoral emerged as the conservative's public speaker, to the point of promoting that the
6206:"Special Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling upon United States Government to Expedite Self-Determination Process for Puerto Rico"
5251:
4978:
3218:
1802:
This law grants additional representation to electoral minorities if a majority party wins more than two thirds of the seats in the legislature.
3741:
Comunicado de presensa de la Alianza pro Libre AsociaciĂłn Soberana (ALAS) en torno a las pasadas dos vistas celebradas por el ComitĂ© de EnergĂa
3437:
Expresiones de la Alianza pro Libre AsociaciĂłn Soberana (ALAS), en torno a la Propuesta de Pacto de AsociaciĂłn del Senador Antonio Fas Alzamora
984:
813:
5703:
5542:
1221:, and the presentation of a free association proposal by senator Fas Alzamora and lawyer RamĂłn Luis Nieves, which was openly supported by the
1069:, Roberto Pratts and a now-conservative Jorge Colberg. This move was sorely received by the liberal faction, which noted that representatives
5514:
5044:
4390:
3758:
4936:
1156:
assertion, citing that it was a PNP artifact and reaffirming his own compromise with a PPD-defined sovereign status with the support of the
4712:
4240:
1024:
HernĂĄndez Mayoral. The PPD won both positions in the general elections. Both branches of the legislature were controlled by liberals, with
336:
2805:
5917:
5294:
5066:
213:
5375:
4468:
781:
have continued to gain a stronghold within the PPD, seizing prominent positions including the mayorship of the Puerto Rican capital of
304:
286:
5197:
5022:
5971:
1696:
748:
During the late 1980s, PR Sen. Marco Rigau presented a free association project that received the rejection of conservative governor
572:
223:
5417:
5226:
4661:
5395:
1440:
954:
adopting her predecessor's conservative postures in her attempt to become governor. After this failed, the party was involved in a
437:
254:
6002:
5528:
5453:
5274:
1258:
After Ferrer announced the eventual organization of an "Internal Constituent Assembly" to refine the party's status ideology, the
3920:
1726:
512:
469:
332:
5888:
1327:
State, while two additional groups, Populares Pro ELA soberano (lit. "PPD affiliates pro-Sovereign Associated Free State") and
898:
865:
This initial version was ignored by the House of Representatives, despite being officially presented by Democratic congressman
753:
517:
447:
268:
203:
6189:
6135:
5744:"Compact of Association between the governments of the Free Associated State of Puerto Rico and the United States of America"
1736:
640:
218:
5170:
1464:
in support of free association, returning to the original vision of the PPD and of Miranda MarĂn's pro-sovereignty project.
4580:
1565:
1008:
955:
796:
757:
724:
692:
582:
531:
522:
442:
5346:
691:("Sovereign Associated Free State" or "Free Associated State"), between Puerto Rico and the United States. Members of the
1716:
1385:
1303:
1033:
742:
250:
1598:
the bill on drafting a constitution, Congress will be the body to make the final decision on the status of Puerto Rico.
6243:
5467:
5092:
2351:
1414:
719:
592:
4096:
2291:
695:
that are willing to pursue alliances with this ideology are occasionally referred to as such, but are mostly known as
5869:
1680:
1402:
153:
6151:
5842:
5317:
6296:
1904:
1691:
1622:
1318:
1185:
conservative wing responded by promoting the final draft of Colberg Toro's document for a territorial development.
633:
535:
4908:
4212:
3950:
3865:
2248:
NĂ©stor R. Duprey Salgado (October 25, 2009). "Mensaje en recordaciĂłn del Natalicio de Rafael "Churumba" Cordero".
2215:
4542:
4006:
1711:
1650:
847:
756:(PPD) during the following decades. The option made its debut backed by an independent group in the inconclusive
669:
567:
560:
452:
6152:"XIV Ministerial Conference of the Movement of Non-Aligned Nations. Durban, South Africa, 2004. See pages 14â15"
4282:
791:
1675:
1618:
939:
874:
843:
587:
5743:
5675:
4684:
608:
494:
482:
457:
363:
6068:
5945:
4830:
823:
4808:
1701:
1527:(Sovereign Free Associated State) option depicted in the ballot of the 2012 Puerto Rican status referendum.
1410:
878:
414:
299:
6261:"United States-Puerto Rico Commission on the Status of Puerto Rico. (1966). Status of Puerto Rico: report"
5895:
5120:
4777:
4413:
1434:(lit. "Party for Free Association"), to directly promote free association. The initiative turned into the
281:
1630:
1574:
749:
158:
142:
2377:
1066:
6272:
5816:
5644:
4749:
4717:
4608:
4076:
3893:
3763:
3497:
3417:
3223:
3062:
2810:
2479:
1937:
1744:
263:
193:
1098:
that support more autonomy inside the territorial clause. Led by an increasingly vocal Miranda MarĂn,
1004:
765:
6260:
1118:
989:
230:
951:
3978:
1686:
1483:
974:
became the president of the PPD. Under his presidency, a Status Commission led to the Caguas mayor
971:
432:
407:
73:
3820:
2100:
El Partido Popular DemocrĂĄtico y el Reclamo de SoberanĂa Puertorriqueña para el Desarrollo del ELA
975:
761:
290:
128:
5896:"Make room for 51st star? Spending bill includes $ 2.5 million for vote on Puerto RIco statehood"
4850:
1706:
963:
769:
183:
119:
4879:
3791:
711:
4636:
4362:
1731:
1602:
827:
785:. The exposition also led to the creation of other movements that supported the ideal, such as
665:
372:
1128:
Outside the party, the PPD's conservative postures led to the inclusion of groups such as the
967:
6181:
6127:
3379:
3342:
3266:
3247:
3204:
3125:
882:
851:
782:
733:
708:
489:
259:
1181:
859:
714:, the concept was akin to a form of sovereign free association such as the one found in the
527:
354:
1770:
1025:
855:
272:
2268:
1193:
were faced with the difficulties of Miranda MarĂn being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.
1070:
8:
3413:"Reacciones positivas ante proyecto de asociaciĂłn basado en la soberanĂa de Fas Alzamora"
1356:
807:
703:(English: "sovereigntism") then became the local name for the free association movement.
188:
1586:
1078:
381:
325:
6095:
5741:
1758:
1508:
1394:
1352:
715:
163:
146:
4310:
1351:
five candidates made the cut to be on the final ballot, Claribel MartĂnez Marmolejos,
988:
commerce with other countries and join international organization while retaining the
390:
6239:
6205:
6185:
6131:
1626:
1557:
States Senate then passed the bill, which was signed into law on January 17, 2014 by
1290:
462:
1617:
stipulate all delegated agreements. This could give Puerto Rico a similar status to
959:
6268:
1782:
1448:
political arena. The most notable example was actor VĂctor Alicea whose character,
1334:
At the 2012 General Elections GarcĂa Padilla became governor while the majority of
1225:
but only met a lukewarm reception by Ferrer and criticized by other conservatives.
870:
866:
680:
1237:. However, Ferrer openly disagreed, leading to a fruitless reunion between both.
345:
6175:
6121:
6041:
5174:
4336:"El gobernador Luis Fortuño anunció un referendo sobre el estatus de Puerto Rico"
1449:
1218:
1114:
1074:
1050:
620:
5769:
5680:
5602:
5580:
5561:
5381:
5351:
5322:
5279:
5202:
5125:
5097:
4941:
4913:
4884:
4855:
4835:
4803:
4782:
4689:
4575:
4547:
4527:
4473:
4418:
4367:
4287:
4267:
4217:
4198:
4161:
4123:
4057:
4039:
4011:
3983:
3955:
3850:
3825:
3796:
3668:
3539:
3477:
3397:
3360:
3323:
3304:
3184:
3168:
3146:
3088:
3042:
3023:
2966:
2910:
2891:
2872:
2853:
2790:
2771:
2734:
2715:
2696:
2677:
2659:
2622:
2600:
2581:
2562:
2543:
2524:
2441:
2422:
2404:
2337:
2318:
2250:
2220:
2201:
2179:
2160:
2141:
2122:
2103:
2076:
1909:
1110:
3474:
Solicitan representar oficialmente la libre asociaciĂłn en discussion de estatus
1605:
would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the
1519:
1037:
831:
819:
308:
5640:""Epifanio" clama por la soberanĂa en su espectĂĄculo de comedia "Coge cambio""
4937:"Soberanistas y conservadores para la SecretarĂa de Asuntos Federales del PPD"
1147:
1007:. However, the same group opted not to test this new definition in the second
6290:
1613:
1579:
1405:
1242:
1082:
1054:
873:. The Union lost its name and insignia after dissolving an alliance with the
547:
99:
5972:"Puerto Rico Statehood, Independence, or Free Association Referendum (2017)"
5742:
Antonio Fas Alzamora; Ramón Luis Nieves; José Ariel Nazario (June 4, 2010).
46:
The logo used by the PPD members affiliated to the free association movement
5230:
4640:
3004:
2506:
2276:
1974:
1558:
1461:
316:
5784:
5482:"Issacharoff es el nuevo asesor constitucional del PPD - Desde Washington"
3848:
BenjamĂn Torres Gotay (June 20, 2010). "La batalla del Valle del Turabo".
3143:
Alcaldes populares del sur discrepan acerca resoluciĂłn de la Junta del PPD
6158:
5198:"Contundente triunfo de Manuel Natal en contienda por escaño a la Cåmara"
5149:"Difunden audio donde piden a Consejo General votar por MartĂnez â Metro"
4469:"Alcalde de Caguas condena sanciĂłn de GarcĂa Padilla a Charlie HernĂĄndez"
1196:
677:
673:
312:
4979:"Liderato popular no apoya medida para convocar Asamblea Constitucional"
3201:
Ferrer: PDP won't be divided by board's rejection of associated republic
752:, establishing the sides that would permeate the internal debate of the
615:
5093:"Llenan hoy la vacante en la delegaciĂłn cameral del PPD - El Nuevo DĂa"
1125:, with the party's president eventually siding with the conservatives.
5001:"Interesado exlĂder estudiantil de la UPR en escaño de Ferrer â Metro"
3818:
3723:
Testimonio escrito para la ComisiĂłn de Recursos Naturales de los EE.UU
3705:
Comunicado de prensa en torno a audiencias del Senado sobre el HR-2499
995:
5515:"Bernier va por el ELA "no colonial" y por otro plebiscito (galerĂa)"
4957:"GarcĂa Padilla descarta convocar asamblea constitucional de estatus"
4339:
3708:
3690:
3649:
3631:
3612:
3594:
3576:
3521:
3459:
3440:
3285:
3107:
2985:
2947:
2928:
2834:
2752:
2641:
2355:
1640:
980:
5252:"Senadores presentan proyecto de Asamblea Constitucional de Estatus"
5227:"Asamblea del PPD aprueba resoluciĂłn para impulsar la Constituyente"
2656:
Colberg pide relevo Comité de Capacitación para debatir sobre status
1573:
The specifics of the association agreement would be detailed in the
5922:
5673:
5621:
4179:
4142:
3744:
3726:
3558:
3339:
PDP mayors may seek reversal of governing board's status resolution
2460:
1015:
839:
738:
41:
5275:"A vistas pĂșblicas los proyectos sobre la asamblea constitucional"
3591:
El MAP favorece plan de Miranda MarĂn frente a "secuestro" del PPD
5045:"AGP se burla de los soberanistas y Carmen YulĂn le sale al paso"
4500:
4445:
4391:"Respaldo a ELA soberano no le traerĂĄ sanciones a alcalde Caguas"
3924:
3573:
Comunicado de prensa de la Alianza pro Libre AsociaciĂłn Soberana
1113:
administration began pursuing another status referendum through
930:
6003:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
5843:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
5555:
5436:"PPD acuerda celebrar otra consulta de estatus este cuatrienio"
4571:"El PPD le apuesta a Carmen Yulin para la alcaldia de San Juan"
4497:"Los llamados "soberanistas" del PPD van dominando la primaria"
3493:"William Miranda MarĂn aboga por un nuevo proyecto soberanista"
2476:"Dirigentes del PPD rechazan ahora lo que aprobaron en 2008..."
2292:"Libre AsociaciĂłn o ELA soberano: Âżuna forma de independencia?"
835:
3320:
Nace organizaciĂłn para defender el ELA sin la libre asociaciĂłn
5543:"Bernier elogia decisiĂłn de la Junta del PPD sobre el status"
1134:
Asociación de Estudiantes Puertorriqueños por un ELA Soberano
889:
6037:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood"
5918:"US to Puerto Rico: Add another option to status referendum"
5815:(in Spanish). ComisiĂłn Estatal de Elecciones. Archived from
4136:
3376:
Fas Alzamora pushes for own concept of free association pact
808:
Early proposals of sovereign association as a "third option"
5704:"Solitario manifestante reclama agenda de Luis Muñoz MarĂn"
5454:"Implosionó el comité de status del PPD - Desde Washington"
5347:"Legisladores PPD piden ir primero a la Asamblea de Status"
1144:(Pais) featured the direct participation of Miranda MarĂn.
5023:"DifĂcil la ruta de Manuel Natal a escaño cameral â Metro"
2979:
2313:
Israel RodrĂguez SĂĄnchez (September 5, 2011). "PolĂtica".
2070:
4604:"Carmen YulĂn serĂĄ candidata por la alcaldĂa de San Juan"
4072:"Alcaldes soberanistas apoyan a Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla"
3684:
3646:
Carta de Legisladores Soberanistas a Comité Interagencial
2941:
2635:
1032:
Acevedo VilĂĄ became the PPD's governor candidate for the
745:, but failed to advance in Congress for similar reasons.
5574:
4745:"Avanzan alianzas del MUS y sectores del PIP, PPT y PPD"
4662:"Acevedo VilĂĄ rompe con el PPD y va por el ELA Soberano"
3948:
3819:
Yanira HernĂĄndez & Frances Rosario (June 18, 2010).
3536:
Siguen las Reacciones al Mensaje de Willie Miranda MarĂn
2828:
2803:
2454:
2312:
2247:
1601:
Regardless of the outcome of either vote, action by the
5785:"Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress"
5633:
5631:
4466:
4411:
4261:
4213:"El PPD juega "papa caliente" con el informe de status"
3456:
Representante "desconocido" no sabe escribir en español
3357:
Mi reacciĂłn al "Pacto de Futuro" del Presidente del PPD
3058:"Partido Popular DemocrĂĄtico tras un pacto "de centro""
2438:
Ponencia del PPD ante el Comité de Descolonización 2006
2176:
EvaluaciĂłn en Puerto Rico de los Tratados de AsociaciĂłn
2042:
2040:
2027:
2025:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1874:
1872:
1847:
1845:
1832:
1830:
1646:
5674:
VĂctor Alicea; Carmen Nydia VelĂĄzquez (May 12, 2012).
5669:
5667:
5295:"PIP presenta proyecto de ley para atender el estatus"
4877:
4192:
3241:
1884:
911:
Timeline of Sovereigntism in Puerto Rico (1970sâ1990s)
904:
5637:
5224:
3889:"Conny usa la soberanĂa como arma contra su opositor"
3847:
3036:
2594:
2119:
Cita HistĂłrica: The International Role of Puerto Rico
2052:
1933:"Satisfecho movimiento que impulsaba el ELA soberano"
1742:
1722:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
901:(PPD) can be traced to the moment of its foundation.
109:
Originated from initiatives dating back to the 1800s.
5628:
5195:
4442:"AnĂbal JosĂ© Torres en desacuerdo con la suspensiĂłn"
4097:"Soberanistas dejan puyĂș a Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla"
4036:
La Insignia del MUS: su primera victoria ante la CEE
3951:"CrĂticas soberanistas al "Pacto de futuro" del PPD"
3886:
3662:
3490:
3453:
3298:
3162:
3055:
2885:
2709:
2037:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1981:
1869:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1815:
1607:
Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution
1499:
The leadership of the MUS prefers to avoid the term
5664:
4280:
4094:
3665:
Populares soberanistas censuran audiencias pĂșblicas
3279:
3263:
AAV criticizes PDP on status; says no to plesbicite
3219:"PROELA llama la atenciĂłn sobre resoluciĂłn del PPD"
3122:
PDP rejects associated republic as political status
3101:
2728:
2616:
2537:
2500:
2289:
5596:
5318:"Legislatura crea comisiĂłn para atender el status"
5297:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. September 3, 2013
4796:
4775:
4521:
4241:"Cox Alomar sentencia a muerte al ELA territorial"
4033:
4007:"Fas Alzamora le sale al paso a HernĂĄndez Mayoral"
3759:""Conny" Varela es electo nuevo alcalde de Caguas"
3518:Miranda MarĂn convoca a construir un paĂs soberano
2998:
2960:
2612:
2610:
2496:
2494:
2435:
2398:
2195:
2173:
2135:
2116:
1658:United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization
1641:United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization
5706:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. February 2, 2014
5556:Antonio FernĂłs LĂłpez-Cepero Jr. (April 8, 2009).
5377:Alcaldes populares quieren una asamblea de status
5189:
5171:"Vacante de la discordia â Vocero de Puerto Rico"
5118:
4543:"Carmen YulĂn asegura que no aspirarĂĄ a San Juan"
4155:
3373:
3336:
3260:
2674:Carta de Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla a HĂ©ctor Ferrer
2267:
1315:then-candidate Ferrer was involved in a scandal.
6288:
5468:"Alargan el debate en el PPD - Desde Washington"
5396:"AGP pide a Legislatura actuar sobre el estatus"
4909:"Satisfecho movimiento a favor del ELA soberano"
4568:
4283:"En el PPD no hay espacio para los soberanistas"
4233:
3020:Las Elecciones las perdĂ yo y el Partido Popular
2556:
2071:Gilberto ConcepciĂłn SuĂĄrez (November 18, 2010).
1458:Soberano y bonitillo pa' sacar a to' esos pillos
6030:
6028:
6026:
6024:
5592:
5590:
5398:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. April 29, 2014
5373:
5344:
5315:
5272:
4959:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. April 14, 2013
4682:
4634:
4540:
4360:
4137:HĂ©ctor L. Pesquera Sevillano (March 25, 2011).
3999:
3317:
3017:
2992:
2904:
2866:
2847:
2765:
2690:
2607:
2491:
2378:"CĂĄmara aprueba proyecto sustitutivo de status"
1968:
1902:
1420:
1081:, as well as senators Antonio Fas Alzamora and
6102:. The North American Congress on Latin America
5615:
5529:"HernĂĄndez Mayoral renuncia a cargo en el PPD"
5418:"Caliente el estatus de cara a ConvenciĂłn PPD"
4906:
4243:(in Spanish). Metro Puerto Rico. July 25, 2013
3625:
1441:Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano
985:United States-Puerto Rico Political Status Act
814:Sovereignty of Puerto Rico during the Cold War
6238:(in Spanish). Ediciones Puerto. p. 138.
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5067:"Natal dice que si gana, Alejandro no pierde"
4713:"Defienden el ELA soberano como Ășnica opciĂłn"
4685:"Surge un grupo "Populares Pro ELA soberano""
3971:
3685:Maricarmen Rivera SĂĄnchez (January 5, 2010).
3552:
3515:
2925:Acevedo VilĂĄ pide a Obama acciĂłn sobre status
2806:"Hector Ferrer asegura todos caben en el PPD"
641:
6100:The North American Congress on Latin America
6021:
5587:
4831:"24 alcaldĂas reportan el 100% de los votos"
4524:Para Carmen YulĂn la segunda serĂĄ la vencida
4117:
3944:
3942:
3555:Charlie HernĂĄndez: Las tribulaciones del PPD
3410:
3244:PIP calls PDP status vision 'statehood lite'
2980:Jackeline Del Toro Cordero (July 27, 2009).
2784:
2575:
2473:
337:30th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
5870:"Part of our country but still not a State"
5782:
5638:Hiram Guadalupe PĂ©rez (February 21, 2010).
4878:Eugenio Hopgood DĂĄvila (November 8, 2012).
4601:
3242:Waldo D. Covas Quevedo (January 20, 2010).
3198:
2942:Maricarmen Rivera SĂĄnchez (July 13, 2009).
2619:HernĂĄndez Mayoral: eje de la discordia roja
2540:Soberanistas renuncian a SecretarĂa del PPD
2419:Reclamo a redefiniciĂłn ideolĂłgica en el PPD
2243:
2241:
2239:
2191:
2189:
2154:
699:("independence supporters"). Consequently,
5718:
5254:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. August 20, 2013
5218:
4799:"ÂżCĂłmo quedĂł la CĂĄmara de Representantes?"
3949:Israel RodrĂguez SĂĄnchez (July 30, 2010).
3789:
3528:
3491:Maritza DĂaz Alcaide (February 15, 2010).
3056:Maritza DĂaz Alcaide (September 5, 2009).
2710:Alba Y. Muñiz Gracia (February 25, 2010).
2636:Maricarmen Rivera SĂĄnchez (May 27, 2009).
2503:Sigue el fuego cruzado entre los populares
2455:NĂ©stor R. Duprey Salgado (April 8, 2009).
2344:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2064:
1467:
1322:Carmen YulĂn's 2012 campaign headquarters.
648:
634:
40:
5766:"ELA Soberano", ÂżsoluciĂłn decolonizadora?
5575:Enrique VĂĄzquez Quintana (May 31, 2008).
5225:Melisa Ortega Marrero (August 18, 2013).
5121:"Un muchacho derrotĂł a la cĂșpula del PPD"
5047:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. August 1, 2013
4790:
4769:
4664:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. April 11, 2012
4628:
4467:Yanira HernĂĄndez Cabiya (June 19, 2012).
4412:Yanira HernĂĄndez Cabiya (June 13, 2012).
4330:
4328:
4303:
4262:Yennifer Ălvarez Jaimes (July 15, 2011).
4193:Carlos Delgado Altieri (April 11, 2011).
4054:MUS denuncia carpeteo popular ante la CEE
3939:
3466:
3299:Alba Y. Muñiz Gracia (January 27, 2010).
3163:Daniel Rivera Vargas (January 22, 2010).
3158:
3156:
3137:
3135:
2829:Yamilet MillĂĄn RodrĂguez (June 8, 2009).
2804:Ivelisse Rivera Quiñones (June 7, 2009).
2729:Javier ColĂłn DĂĄvila (September 3, 2009).
2331:
1697:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
1514:
1233:within the party and of ALAS and Ponce's
1142:Proyecto de Alianza e Impacto Soberanista
877:, instead being reorganized into the new
842:, during the inaugural convention of the
802:
5512:
5196:Brenda I. Peña López (August 14, 2013).
4393:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. June 19, 2012
4313:(in Spanish). NotiCel.com. July 18, 2011
3330:
3280:Carmen Arroyo ColĂłn (January 27, 2010).
3102:Carmen Arroyo ColĂłn (January 18, 2010).
3079:
3077:
3037:William Miranda MarĂn (August 8, 2009).
2722:
2531:
2306:
2290:Ăngel Israel Rivera (November 1, 2013).
2263:
2261:
2236:
2186:
2136:Angel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (September 7, 2006).
1518:
1317:
1146:
994:
929:
888:
662:free association movement in Puerto Rico
255:17th Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico
65:Multi-Partisan non-governmental movement
18:Free association movement in Puerto Rico
5760:
5758:
5756:
4797:Keila LĂłpez Alicea (November 7, 2012).
4778:"El Senado serĂĄ dominado por populares"
4776:Keila LĂłpez Alicea (November 7, 2012).
4414:"Suspenden a Charlie HernĂĄndez del PPD"
4084:from the original on February 22, 2014.
4034:Ăngel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (January 16, 2011).
3887:Gerald LĂłpez-Cespero (August 7, 2010).
3680:
3678:
3619:
3484:
3454:Alex FernĂĄndez Rivas (March 14, 2010).
3337:Eva Llorens VĂ©lez (February 11, 2010).
3192:
2595:William Miranda MarĂn (April 8, 2009).
2467:
2283:
2083:
1660:has often referred to Puerto Rico as a
1561:, then-President of the United States.
958:promoted by the PNP, administration of
14:
6289:
6233:
6075:. Puerto Rico Report. February 3, 2017
5952:. Puerto Rico Report. February 3, 2017
5867:
5652:from the original on February 26, 2014
5618:El MINH y la libre asociaciĂłn soberana
4981:. Diario de Puerto Rico. July 25, 2013
4757:from the original on February 22, 2014
4725:from the original on February 22, 2014
4616:from the original on February 26, 2014
4325:
4186:
3901:from the original on February 26, 2014
3771:from the original on February 22, 2014
3663:Daniel Rivera Vargas (March 2, 2010).
3311:
3261:Eva Llorens VĂ©lez (January 27, 2010).
3153:
3132:
2954:
2886:IvĂĄn A. Rivera Reyes (June 23, 2009).
2392:
2058:
2046:
2031:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1945:from the original on February 22, 2014
1890:
1878:
1863:
1851:
1836:
1821:
1494:
1472:
899:Popular Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)
518:United States House of Representatives
6093:
5676:"El Susazo: No se tiren pa' mondongo"
5597:Angel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (April 29, 2009).
5374:José A. Delgado (February 26, 2014).
5119:Brenda Peña López (August 15, 2013).
5073:from the original on February 4, 2014
4281:MarĂa Cristina Cela (July 15, 2011).
4095:Roberto Mercado Jr. (March 3, 2011).
4088:
4046:
3367:
3282:Acevedo VilĂĄ entra en la controversia
3074:
2999:Keila LĂłpez Alicea (August 4, 2009).
2768:Aviva Acevedo VilĂĄ a los soberanistas
2759:
2538:Javier ColĂłn DĂĄvila (June 19, 2009).
2436:Angel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (April 29, 2009).
2258:
2196:Angel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (April 29, 2009).
2117:Angel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (April 29, 2009).
1903:José A. Delgado (November 11, 2012).
1737:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
1130:Alianza Pro-Libre AsociaciĂłn Soberana
970:for the governorship, representative
897:The pursue of sovereignty within the
838:and allowed it to become a sovereign
787:Alianza pro Libre AsociaciĂłn Soberana
664:refers to initiatives throughout the
6034:
5840:
5753:
5345:José A. Delgado (January 15, 2014).
5316:José A. Delgado (February 2, 2014).
5069:. Primerahora.com. August 10, 2013.
4683:José A. Delgado (October 29, 2012).
4522:Keila LĂłpez Alicea (April 5, 2012).
4361:José A. Delgado (October 24, 2012).
4311:"Con nueva Junta de Gobierno el PPD"
4264:Le saca el cuerpo a los soberanistas
4130:
3866:"A las urnas el bastiĂłn soberanista"
3675:
3628:Entrevista con alcalde de Juana DĂaz
3626:Damaris SuĂĄrez (February 22, 2010).
3505:from the original on April 21, 2014.
3425:from the original on April 21, 2014.
3318:Frances Rosario (January 27, 2010).
3235:
3231:from the original on April 21, 2014.
3070:from the original on April 21, 2014.
2961:Yalixa Rivera Cruz (July 27, 2009).
2818:from the original on April 21, 2014.
2617:Javier ColĂłn DĂĄvila (May 27, 2009).
2501:Javier ColĂłn DĂĄvila (May 28, 2009).
2487:from the original on April 21, 2014.
2448:
2399:Ăngel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (July 20, 2009).
2380:. Puerto Rico Herald. March 18, 2005
2174:Ăngel Ortiz GuzmĂĄn (July 29, 2010).
1964:
1962:
1960:
1566:Puerto Rican status referendum, 2017
1355:, Carlos Rechani, Darlene Reyes and
1138:Instituto Soberanista Puertorriqueño
1016:Acevedo VilĂĄ, Miranda MarĂn and the
797:Puerto Rican status referendum, 2012
689:Estado Libre Asociado (ELA) Soberano
523:Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico
6096:"Puerto Rico at the United Nations"
5513:Laureano, Eva (December 20, 2015).
5273:Rebecca Banuchi (August 21, 2013).
4907:Mariana CobiĂĄn (November 7, 2012).
4569:Israel RodrĂguez (March 27, 2012).
4156:IvĂĄn Rivera Reyes (April 4, 2011).
3553:Candida Cotto (February 24, 2010).
3516:Carmen Arroyo (February 15, 2010).
3374:Eva Llorens VĂ©lez (March 9, 2010).
2778:
2198:El origen de las Plumitas Liberales
2167:
2148:
1717:Special Committee on Decolonization
1386:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
1200:, 2012 referendum and David Bernier
905:Initial PPD proposals; other groups
743:UN General Assembly Resolution 1514
24:
6253:
5599:El Independentismo y la AsociaciĂłn
4635:José A. Delgado (April 15, 2012).
4541:Frances Rosario (March 21, 2012).
3609:Ferrer defiende el ELA territorial
3018:Frances Rosario (August 4, 2009).
2638:Continua dividida la ideologĂa PPD
2576:RamĂłn Nieves (February 19, 2010).
2474:Irene GarzĂłn (February 24, 2010).
1969:Celeste BenĂtez (April 22, 1989).
1629:, countries that currently have a
1551:
1415:Supreme Court of the United States
826:presented a proposal based on the
720:United Nations Trusteeship Council
25:
6308:
6069:"What's a Free Associated State?"
6035:Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017).
5946:"What's a Free Associated State?"
5616:Julio Muriente (August 9, 2002).
3921:"Soberanista pero no tan radical"
3792:"Cientos repudian a Conny Varela"
2905:José A. Delgado (June 25, 2009).
2867:Luis Vega Ramos (June 19, 2009).
2691:José A. Delgado (June 22, 2009).
2557:Pedro J. Morales (May 30, 2009).
1957:
1681:Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007
1368:were nothing but a "few quills".
1180:Mayoral that received support by
1176:and PROELA defended sovereignty.
828:British North America Act of 1867
57:1998 (as an official vote option)
6198:
6168:
6144:
6087:
6061:
6000:
5994:
5964:
5938:
5910:
5868:Crabbe, Nathan (June 15, 2014).
5861:
5834:
5802:
5790:. Congressional Research Service
5776:
5696:
5609:
5568:
5549:
5535:
5521:
5506:
5488:
5474:
5460:
5446:
5428:
5410:
5388:
5367:
5338:
5309:
5287:
5266:
5244:
5163:
5141:
5112:
5085:
5059:
5037:
5015:
4993:
4971:
4949:
4929:
4900:
4871:
4843:
4823:
4737:
4721:(in Spanish). October 31, 2012.
4705:
4676:
4654:
4595:
4562:
4534:
4515:
4489:
4460:
4434:
4405:
4383:
4354:
4274:
4255:
4205:
4168:
4149:
4111:
4080:(in Spanish). February 3, 2011.
4064:
4027:
3979:"Fas Alzamora declara la guerra"
3913:
3880:
3858:
3841:
3821:"Sacan a Conny Varela de Caguas"
3812:
3783:
3751:
3733:
3715:
3227:(in Spanish). January 19, 2010.
3199:Eva Llorens (January 20, 2010).
2848:Frances Rosario (June 8, 2009).
2766:José A. Delgado (June 4, 2009).
2712:Asoma nueva alternativa polĂtica
2597:Crisis y DesafĂo del Autonomismo
2155:L.G. Massas (February 4, 2010).
1941:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012.
1776:
1764:
1752:
1727:Privileges and Immunities Clause
1692:Territories of the United States
1359:. Of them only Natal was openly
1165:General Assembly Resolution 2625
614:
127:
6227:
5978:. BALLOTPEDIA. February 6, 2017
5025:. Touch.metro.pr. July 27, 2013
5003:. Touch.metro.pr. July 22, 2013
4839:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012.
4753:(in Spanish). August 28, 2012.
4363:"Populares con el ELA soberano"
3697:
3656:
3638:
3601:
3583:
3565:
3546:
3509:
3447:
3429:
3404:
3386:
3349:
3292:
3273:
3254:
3211:
3188:(in Spanish). January 19, 2010.
3175:
3114:
3095:
3049:
3039:Encuestas y honestidad polĂtica
3030:
3011:
2973:
2935:
2917:
2898:
2879:
2860:
2841:
2822:
2797:
2741:
2703:
2684:
2666:
2648:
2629:
2588:
2569:
2550:
2513:
2429:
2411:
2370:
2334:ELA Soberano o Libre AsociaciĂłn
2325:
2224:(in Spanish). November 29, 2010
2208:
2129:
2110:
1796:
1712:Political status of Puerto Rico
1651:Political status of Puerto Rico
1525:Estado Libre Associado Soberano
1432:Partido por la Libre AsociaciĂłn
934:Rafael Cordero Santiago's grave
921:Pronunciamiento de Aguas Buenas
453:Puerto Rican Independence Party
34:Soberanismo libreasociacionista
27:Movement to achieve sovereignty
5841:Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017).
4880:"El 'milagro' de Carmen YulĂn"
4859:(in Spanish). November 7, 2012
4602:Nydia BauzĂĄ (March 26, 2012).
4118:José Santori (March 9, 2011).
3411:Irene Garzon (March 8, 2010).
1925:
1905:"La aritmética del plebiscito"
1896:
1676:Puerto Rico statehood movement
1106:were expelled from the party.
1090:in two well-defined factions,
940:Bar Association of Puerto Rico
13:
1:
6234:Roberto ColĂłn Ocasio (2009).
4195:Un informe de unidad y futuro
4015:(in Spanish). August 17, 2010
3767:(in Spanish). June 12, 2010.
3104:Rechazo a la Libre AsociaciĂłn
2963:Positivo el mensaje de Ferrer
2907:Nueva Audiencia, viejas dudas
2785:José Delgado (June 4, 2009).
2401:Territorio o Libre AsociaciĂłn
2352:"Natimuerto proyecto estatus"
2315:JUNTOS a la buena o a la mala
1971:Las Dos Almas del Autonomismo
1094:that support sovereignty and
1040:'s administration released a
609:Politics of the United States
495:Municipalities of Puerto Rico
209:Government-owned corporations
5810:"Papeleta Modelo Plebiscito"
5173:. Vocero.com. Archived from
4945:(in Spanish). July 15, 2011.
4851:"Willito revalida en Caguas"
4807:(in Spanish). Archived from
4176:Comunicado de Prensa de ALAS
3790:Alba Muñiz (June 14, 2010).
3394:AsociaciĂłn en blanco y negro
3165:Guerra ideolĂłgica en la Pava
2332:Luis Vega (August 5, 2009).
1809:
1702:Voting rights in Puerto Rico
1421:Other movements and activism
1411:Puerto Rico v. Sanchez Valle
879:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
830:, the accord that ended the
792:Movimiento UniĂłn Soberanista
7:
5783:Sam Garrett (May 7, 2011).
4637:"Coge ALAS el ELA soberano"
4221:(in Spanish). April 7, 2011
3987:(in Spanish). July 30, 2010
2749:Insta al PPD a hablar claro
2693:No al Proyecto de Pierluisi
1668:
1631:Compact of Free Association
1575:Compact of Free Association
1371:At the PPD Convention, the
1235:Movimiento Autónomo Ponceño
1117:'s H.R. 2499 (known as the
10:
6313:
4099:(in Spanish). EnVivoPR.com
2850:En veremos la conciliaciĂłn
1450:Epifanio GonzĂĄlez Villamil
908:
893:RomĂĄn Baldorioty de Castro
824:RomĂĄn Baldorioty de Castro
811:
458:Citizen's Victory Movement
264:26th Senate of Puerto Rico
204:Fiscal agent and financing
154:United States Constitution
83:Sovereign Free Association
55:1961 (in its current form)
2888:Las tres viciones del ELA
2073:El directorio soberanista
1649:has been considering the
1119:Puerto Rico Democracy Act
990:United States Citizenship
573:Proposed political status
282:Larry Seilhamer RodrĂguez
105:
95:
87:
79:
69:
61:
51:
39:
3301:Arremeten contra Colberg
3001:Escrito levanta pasiones
2944:Status quedarĂa relegado
2869:Miedo: el Ășltimo recurso
2831:El ELA pertenece a todos
2731:"Blindado" Miranda MarĂn
2578:PPD, soberanĂa y el 11-S
1789:
1687:Puerto Rican citizenship
1683:(H.R. 900 & S. 1936)
1633:with the United States.
1582:would be U.S. citizens.
1484:Puerto Rican citizenship
1067:Alejandro GarcĂa Padilla
754:Popular Democratic Party
670:current political status
470:Political party strength
448:Popular Democratic Party
364:Gabriel RodrĂguez AguilĂł
333:House of Representatives
159:Puerto Rico Constitution
74:Political advocacy group
6297:Politics of Puerto Rico
6273:2027/mdp.39015038896125
5749:. Antonio Fas Alzamora.
5558:SoberanĂa en AsociaciĂłn
3182:"Regalo de Octavitas".
2457:La Hora de la SoberanĂa
1707:Politics of Puerto Rico
1541:
1531:
1468:Institutional proposals
1413:, a case active in the
1329:Amigos del ELA Soberano
1005:José Aponte de la Torre
964:Rafael Cordero Santiago
770:Rafael Cordero Santiago
766:José Aponte de la Torre
681:freely associated state
300:Ăngel Chayanne MartĂnez
269:President of the Senate
120:Politics of Puerto Rico
100:ELAQueTodosQueremos.com
6094:LĂłpez, Ana M. (2014).
2982:Nuevo Pacto Social ELA
2294:(in Spanish). 80grados
2216:"Una enmienda crucial"
1732:Outline of Puerto Rico
1603:United States Congress
1549:
1539:
1528:
1515:Referendum definitions
1323:
1152:
1034:2004 general elections
1000:
952:Victoria Muñoz Mendoza
938:During the 1980s, the
935:
917:Directorio Soberanista
894:
834:'s colonial rule over
803:Historical progression
758:1998 status referendum
750:Rafael HernĂĄndez ColĂłn
668:aimed at changing the
666:history of Puerto Rico
513:Federal representation
219:Office of the Governor
5772:. September 12, 2013.
4501:Telemundo Puerto Rico
3380:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
3343:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
3267:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
3248:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
3205:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
3126:Puerto Rico Daily Sun
2521:Carta a HĂ©ctor Ferrer
2273:Sobre el ELA Soberano
1545:
1535:
1522:
1321:
1151:William Miranda MarĂn
1150:
1073:, Charlie HernĂĄndez,
1053:and Fas Alzamora and
998:
976:William Miranda MarĂn
950:The 1990s began with
933:
892:
762:William Miranda MarĂn
725:Estado Libre Asociado
709:Resident Commissioner
693:independence movement
490:Mayors in Puerto Rico
443:New Progressive Party
291:Carmelo RĂos Santiago
278:President pro tempore
199:Executive departments
6045:. DC. Archived from
5577:Alta Autoridad ComĂșn
5531:. December 21, 2015.
4158:La suprema encerrona
3615:. February 16, 2010.
3597:. February 21, 2010.
3579:. February 16, 2010.
3542:. February 16, 2010.
3363:. February 10, 2010.
3091:. November 27, 2009.
2787:Uno a Uno con Ferrer
2425:. December 27, 2005.
1436:Partido AcciĂłn Civil
1262:criticized that the
1241:to convince US Rep.
1026:Antonio Fas Alzamora
856:Union of Puerto Rico
852:SpanishâAmerican War
848:autonomous provinces
712:Antonio FernĂłs-Isern
683:. Locally, the term
273:Thomas Rivera Schatz
6212:. UN. June 20, 2016
6049:on February 4, 2017
3480:. February 2, 2010.
3149:. January 22, 2010.
3128:. January 19, 2010.
2138:El Futuro de PROELA
1612:If the majority of
1495:Criteria of the MUS
1479:Pacto de AsociaciĂłn
1477:The premise of the
1473:Criteria of the PPD
1357:Manuel Natal Albelo
1283:Pacto de Asociacion
1198:Pacto de AsociaciĂłn
999:AnĂbal Acevedo VilĂĄ
972:AnĂbal Acevedo VilĂĄ
968:HĂ©ctor Luis Acevedo
716:Commonwealth realms
621:Politics portal
351:Speaker pro tempore
36:
6267:. August 1, 1966.
6073:Puerto Rico Report
5950:Puerto Rico Report
5898:. January 22, 2014
5545:. January 8, 2016.
5500:www.elnuevodia.com
5177:on August 16, 2013
4811:on January 1, 2014
4139:HablĂł el americano
3687:Amarga celebraciĂłn
2157:El PPD Tiene Miedo
1529:
1509:self-determination
1403:Secretary of State
1395:Samuel Issacharoff
1324:
1182:Sila Mari GonzĂĄlez
1153:
1001:
962:where Ponce mayor
936:
895:
860:Antonio R. BarcelĂł
528:Jenniffer GonzĂĄlez
355:José Torres Zamora
224:Transition process
214:Line of succession
32:
6191:978-92-1-810211-9
6164:on July 31, 2009.
6137:978-92-1-810211-9
5876:. Gainesville, FL
4342:. October 4, 2011
3085:El Status HĂbrido
2269:RamĂłn Luis Nieves
2106:. April 13, 2009.
1304:general elections
1291:Rafael Cox Alomar
1071:Carmen YulĂn Cruz
1042:task force report
1009:status referendum
956:status referendum
945:Junta de Gobierno
822:. In March 1887,
795:(MUS). As of the
658:
657:
507:Federal relations
438:Political Parties
373:UrayoĂĄn HernĂĄndez
113:
112:
16:(Redirected from
6304:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6249:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6157:. Archived from
6156:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6118:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6032:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5926:. April 13, 2017
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5838:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5814:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5789:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5762:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5739:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5671:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5635:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5594:
5585:
5584:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5510:
5504:
5503:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5458:
5457:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5360:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5248:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5193:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5151:. Touch.metro.pr
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4741:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4583:on March 6, 2014
4579:. Archived from
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4503:. March 18, 2012
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4182:. April 3, 2011.
4172:
4166:
4165:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4060:. March 1, 2011.
4050:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3927:. August 9, 2010
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3652:. March 2, 2010.
3642:
3636:
3635:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3443:. March 9, 2010.
3433:
3427:
3426:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3400:. March 9, 2010.
3390:
3384:
3383:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3072:
3071:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2931:. June 18, 2009.
2921:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:. April 11, 2005
2348:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1979:
1978:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1900:
1894:
1893:, p. XXIII.
1888:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1803:
1800:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1645:Since 1953, the
1623:Marshall Islands
1587:Ricardo RossellĂł
1079:Luis RaĂșl Torres
883:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
875:Republican Party
871:Great Depression
867:Phillip Campbell
844:Autonomist Party
734:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
697:independentistas
650:
643:
636:
619:
618:
561:Political status
382:Tatito HernĂĄndez
326:José Luis Dalmau
131:
115:
114:
44:
37:
31:
21:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6287:
6286:
6277:
6275:
6259:
6256:
6254:Further reading
6246:
6230:
6225:
6215:
6213:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6192:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6161:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6138:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6042:Washington Post
6033:
6022:
6012:
6010:
5999:
5995:
5981:
5979:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5953:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5929:
5927:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5879:
5877:
5874:Gainesville Sun
5866:
5862:
5852:
5850:
5839:
5835:
5825:
5823:
5822:on May 22, 2014
5819:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5777:
5764:
5763:
5754:
5746:
5740:
5719:
5709:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5687:
5685:
5672:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5636:
5629:
5614:
5610:
5595:
5588:
5573:
5569:
5554:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5511:
5507:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5372:
5368:
5358:
5356:
5343:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5314:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5271:
5267:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5235:
5233:
5223:
5219:
5209:
5207:
5194:
5190:
5180:
5178:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4920:
4918:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4876:
4872:
4862:
4860:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4795:
4791:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4710:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4633:
4629:
4619:
4617:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4539:
4535:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4478:
4465:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4333:
4326:
4316:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4279:
4275:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4222:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4191:
4187:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4154:
4150:
4135:
4131:
4120:Estatus Quietus
4116:
4112:
4102:
4100:
4093:
4089:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3947:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3868:. July 29, 2010
3864:
3863:
3859:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3747:. May 26, 2010.
3739:
3738:
3734:
3729:. May 19, 2010.
3721:
3720:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3683:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3624:
3620:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3551:
3547:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3514:
3510:
3489:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3452:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3409:
3405:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3372:
3368:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3335:
3331:
3316:
3312:
3297:
3293:
3278:
3274:
3259:
3255:
3240:
3236:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3197:
3193:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3161:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3054:
3050:
3035:
3031:
3016:
3012:
2997:
2993:
2978:
2974:
2959:
2955:
2940:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2903:
2899:
2884:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2846:
2842:
2827:
2823:
2802:
2798:
2783:
2779:
2764:
2760:
2755:. June 1, 2009.
2747:
2746:
2742:
2727:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2689:
2685:
2680:. May 27, 2009.
2672:
2671:
2667:
2662:. May 27, 2009.
2654:
2653:
2649:
2634:
2630:
2615:
2608:
2593:
2589:
2574:
2570:
2555:
2551:
2536:
2532:
2527:. May 26, 2009.
2519:
2518:
2514:
2499:
2492:
2472:
2468:
2453:
2449:
2434:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2356:Univision Radio
2350:
2349:
2345:
2330:
2326:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2271:(May 5, 2009).
2266:
2259:
2246:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2194:
2187:
2172:
2168:
2153:
2149:
2134:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2084:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1982:
1967:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1741:
1671:
1643:
1554:
1552:2017 referendum
1544:
1534:
1517:
1497:
1475:
1470:
1423:
1287:Pacto de futuro
1264:Pacto de futuro
1219:Josian Santiago
1202:
1115:Pedro Pierluisi
1075:Luis Vega Ramos
1051:Luis Vega Ramos
1021:
913:
907:
816:
810:
805:
772:. In 2008, the
654:
625:
613:
600:
599:
563:
553:
552:
508:
500:
499:
485:
475:
474:
463:Proyect Dignity
428:
420:
419:
410:
400:
399:
391:RamĂłn Luis Cruz
378:Minority Leader
360:Majority Leader
305:Minority Leader
287:Majority Leader
246:
236:
235:
179:
169:
168:
164:Puerto Rico law
149:
122:
56:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6310:
6300:
6299:
6285:
6284:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:978-1934461662
6244:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6210:United Nations
6197:
6190:
6167:
6143:
6136:
6113:
6086:
6060:
6020:
5993:
5963:
5937:
5909:
5887:
5860:
5849:. Miami Herald
5833:
5801:
5775:
5768:(in Spanish).
5752:
5717:
5695:
5663:
5648:(in Spanish).
5627:
5620:(in Spanish).
5608:
5601:(in Spanish).
5586:
5579:(in Spanish).
5567:
5560:(in Spanish).
5548:
5534:
5520:
5505:
5496:"El Nuevo DĂa"
5487:
5473:
5459:
5445:
5427:
5409:
5387:
5380:(in Spanish).
5366:
5337:
5308:
5286:
5265:
5243:
5229:(in Spanish).
5217:
5188:
5162:
5140:
5111:
5084:
5058:
5036:
5014:
4992:
4970:
4948:
4928:
4899:
4870:
4842:
4822:
4789:
4768:
4736:
4704:
4675:
4653:
4639:(in Spanish).
4627:
4612:(in Spanish).
4594:
4561:
4533:
4514:
4499:(in Spanish).
4488:
4459:
4448:. July 9, 2012
4433:
4404:
4382:
4353:
4338:(in Spanish).
4324:
4302:
4273:
4266:(in Spanish).
4254:
4232:
4204:
4197:(in Spanish).
4185:
4178:(in Spanish).
4167:
4160:(in Spanish).
4148:
4141:(in Spanish).
4129:
4122:(in Spanish).
4110:
4087:
4063:
4056:(in Spanish).
4045:
4038:(in Spanish).
4026:
3998:
3970:
3938:
3923:(in Spanish).
3912:
3897:(in Spanish).
3879:
3857:
3840:
3811:
3782:
3750:
3743:(in Spanish).
3732:
3725:(in Spanish).
3714:
3711:. May 5, 2010.
3707:(in Spanish).
3696:
3689:(in Spanish).
3674:
3667:(in Spanish).
3655:
3648:(in Spanish).
3637:
3630:(in Spanish).
3618:
3611:(in Spanish).
3600:
3593:(in Spanish).
3582:
3575:(in Spanish).
3564:
3557:(in Spanish).
3545:
3538:(in Spanish).
3527:
3520:(in Spanish).
3508:
3501:(in Spanish).
3483:
3476:(in Spanish).
3465:
3458:(in Spanish).
3446:
3439:(in Spanish).
3428:
3421:(in Spanish).
3403:
3396:(in Spanish).
3385:
3366:
3359:(in Spanish).
3348:
3341:(in Spanish).
3329:
3322:(in Spanish).
3310:
3303:(in Spanish).
3291:
3284:(in Spanish).
3272:
3253:
3234:
3210:
3191:
3174:
3167:(in Spanish).
3152:
3131:
3113:
3106:(in Spanish).
3094:
3087:(in Spanish).
3073:
3066:(in Spanish).
3048:
3041:(in Spanish).
3029:
3022:(in Spanish).
3010:
3003:(in Spanish).
2991:
2984:(in Spanish).
2972:
2965:(in Spanish).
2953:
2946:(in Spanish).
2934:
2927:(in Spanish).
2916:
2909:(in Spanish).
2897:
2890:(in Spanish).
2878:
2859:
2852:(in Spanish).
2840:
2833:(in Spanish).
2821:
2814:(in Spanish).
2796:
2789:(in Spanish).
2777:
2770:(in Spanish).
2758:
2751:(in Spanish).
2740:
2733:(in Spanish).
2721:
2714:(in Spanish).
2702:
2695:(in Spanish).
2683:
2676:(in Spanish).
2665:
2658:(in Spanish).
2647:
2640:(in Spanish).
2628:
2621:(in Spanish).
2606:
2599:(in Spanish).
2587:
2580:(in Spanish).
2568:
2561:(in Spanish).
2549:
2542:(in Spanish).
2530:
2523:(in Spanish).
2512:
2505:(in Spanish).
2490:
2483:(in Spanish).
2466:
2459:(in Spanish).
2447:
2440:(in Spanish).
2428:
2421:(in Spanish).
2410:
2403:(in Spanish).
2391:
2369:
2354:(in Spanish).
2343:
2336:(in Spanish).
2324:
2317:(in Spanish).
2305:
2282:
2275:(in Spanish).
2257:
2235:
2207:
2200:(in Spanish).
2185:
2178:(in Spanish).
2166:
2159:(in Spanish).
2147:
2140:(in Spanish).
2128:
2121:(in Spanish).
2109:
2102:(in Spanish).
2082:
2075:(in Spanish).
2063:
2061:, p. XVI.
2051:
2036:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1980:
1956:
1924:
1895:
1883:
1881:, p. XXI.
1868:
1866:, p. 267.
1856:
1854:, p. 140.
1841:
1839:, p. 138.
1826:
1824:, p. 429.
1813:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1656:Note that the
1642:
1639:
1553:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1516:
1513:
1496:
1493:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1422:
1419:
1201:
1195:
1088:estadolibrismo
1038:George W. Bush
1020:
1014:
960:Pedro RossellĂł
909:Main article:
906:
903:
858:, then led by
832:United Kingdom
820:Spanish Empire
812:Main article:
809:
806:
804:
801:
656:
655:
653:
652:
645:
638:
630:
627:
626:
624:
623:
611:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
570:
568:Current status
564:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
545:
544:
543:
542:
541:
540:
539:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
492:
486:
483:Municipalities
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
435:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
411:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
394:
393:
384:
375:
366:
357:
348:
330:
329:
328:
319:
309:Eduardo Bhatia
302:
293:
284:
275:
247:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
194:Chief of Staff
191:
180:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
156:
150:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6309:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6247:
6241:
6237:
6232:
6231:
6211:
6207:
6201:
6193:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6178:
6171:
6160:
6153:
6147:
6139:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6117:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6008:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5951:
5947:
5941:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5897:
5891:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5848:
5844:
5837:
5818:
5811:
5805:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5745:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5705:
5699:
5688:September 16,
5683:
5682:
5677:
5670:
5668:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5634:
5632:
5623:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5591:
5582:
5578:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5544:
5538:
5530:
5524:
5516:
5509:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5483:
5477:
5469:
5463:
5455:
5449:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5397:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5341:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5296:
5290:
5283:(in Spanish).
5282:
5281:
5276:
5269:
5253:
5247:
5232:
5228:
5221:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5192:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5150:
5144:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5115:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5046:
5040:
5024:
5018:
5002:
4996:
4980:
4974:
4958:
4952:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4874:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4846:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4810:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4793:
4786:(in Spanish).
4785:
4784:
4779:
4772:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4663:
4657:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4565:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4537:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4463:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4408:
4392:
4386:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4357:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4329:
4312:
4306:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4242:
4236:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4140:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4098:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3945:
3943:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3867:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3844:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3786:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3728:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3679:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3157:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2560:
2559:Fuerza nueva?
2553:
2545:
2541:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2379:
2373:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2309:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2254:(in Spanish).
2253:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2049:, p. 60.
2048:
2043:
2041:
2034:, p. 43.
2033:
2028:
2026:
2019:, p. 41.
2018:
2013:
2007:, p. 39.
2006:
2001:
1995:, p. 38.
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1771:United States
1762:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1614:Puerto Ricans
1610:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1580:Puerto Ricans
1576:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1548:
1538:
1526:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1406:David Bernier
1404:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:YasmĂn MejĂas
1348:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1243:Virginia Foxx
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:Cirilo Tirado
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:Hector Ferrer
1052:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1006:
997:
993:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
941:
932:
928:
924:
922:
918:
912:
902:
900:
891:
887:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
815:
800:
798:
794:
793:
788:
784:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
735:
729:
727:
726:
721:
717:
713:
710:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:to that of a
675:
671:
667:
663:
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
632:
631:
629:
628:
622:
617:
612:
610:
607:
606:
604:
603:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:Sovereigntism
576:
575:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
562:
557:
556:
549:
548:Insular Cases
546:
537:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
520:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
510:
504:
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5681:El Nuevo DĂa
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5645:Primera Hora
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4809:the original
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1104:soberanistas
1103:
1100:soberanistas
1099:
1096:autonomistas
1095:
1092:soberanistas
1091:
1087:
1063:
1059:ELA Soberano
1058:
1047:
1031:
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1018:ELA Soberano
1017:
1002:
949:
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937:
925:
920:
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864:
817:
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774:ELA Soberano
773:
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730:
723:
705:
700:
696:
688:
684:
661:
659:
583:Independence
577:
317:Vargas Vidot
143:Constitution
70:Legal status
33:
29:
6278:November 4,
6001:Wyss, Jim.
5976:Ballotpedia
5826:February 2,
5794:February 2,
5710:February 2,
4668:February 9,
4620:February 9,
4587:February 9,
4554:February 9,
4507:February 2,
4452:February 2,
4426:February 8,
4375:February 8,
4346:February 8,
2059:Ocasio 2009
2047:Ocasio 2009
2032:Ocasio 2009
2017:Ocasio 2009
2005:Ocasio 2009
1993:Ocasio 2009
1949:January 26,
1891:Ocasio 2009
1879:Ocasio 2009
1864:Ocasio 2009
1852:Ocasio 2009
1837:Ocasio 2009
1822:Ocasio 2009
1759:Puerto Rico
1454:soberanista
1428:soberanismo
1361:soberanista
983:introduced
789:(ALAS) and
701:soberanismo
685:soberanista
674:Puerto Rico
313:Juan Dalmau
251:Legislature
244:Legislative
6265:HathiTrust
5210:August 14,
5181:August 15,
5155:August 15,
5133:August 15,
5104:August 15,
5077:August 15,
5029:August 15,
5007:August 15,
1619:Micronesia
1255:campaign.
593:Status quo
231:First Lady
5402:April 29,
3709:El Vocero
3691:El Vocero
3650:El Vocero
3632:El Vocero
3613:El Vocero
3595:El Vocero
3577:El Vocero
3522:El Vocero
3460:El Vocero
3441:El Vocero
3286:El Vocero
3108:El Vocero
2986:El Vocero
2948:El Vocero
2929:El Vocero
2835:El Vocero
2753:El Vocero
2642:El Vocero
1810:Footnotes
1783:Caribbean
1585:Governor
981:Don Young
678:sovereign
588:Statehood
433:Elections
427:Elections
177:Executive
52:Formation
6291:Category
5930:June 11,
5923:Fox News
5650:Archived
5622:Claridad
5071:Archived
4755:Archived
4723:Archived
4614:Archived
4340:WKAQ 580
4225:April 7,
4180:Claridad
4143:Claridad
4082:Archived
3899:Archived
3769:Archived
3745:Claridad
3727:Claridad
3559:Claridad
3503:Archived
3423:Archived
3229:Archived
3068:Archived
2816:Archived
2485:Archived
2461:Claridad
1943:Archived
1669:See also
1285:and the
1136:and the
1132:(ALAS),
840:Dominion
783:San Juan
739:Cold War
408:Judicial
184:Governor
6009:. Miami
1745:Portals
1401:Former
342:Speaker
189:Cabinet
106:Remarks
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6242:
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260:Senate
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6182:10â11
6162:(PDF)
6155:(PDF)
6128:10â11
5820:(PDF)
5813:(PDF)
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5440:Metro
5422:Metro
1790:Notes
1627:Palau
80:Focus
6280:2019
6240:ISBN
6218:2017
6186:ISBN
6132:ISBN
6108:2017
6081:2017
6055:2017
6015:2017
5984:2017
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1951:2014
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1542:2012
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1523:The
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