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7424:"Bayonne Online The first reference to Bayonne in history is in 1609 when Henry Hudson stopped there before proceeding on his journey up the river which would later bear his name. He called this tip of the peninsula which jutted out into Newark Bay, "Bird's Point". The Dutch as part of New Amsterdam later claimed this land, along with New York and the rest of New Jersey. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). In 1654, additional grants were given and shelters were built as centers for trading with the Leni-Lennapes. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. A peace treaty was arranged in 1658, and the Dutch returned"
3798:
3288:. The immigrants included many skilled craftsmen and entrepreneurs who facilitated the economic modernization of their new home, in an era when economic innovations were transferred by people rather than through printed works. The British government ignored the complaints made by local craftsmen about the favoritism shown to foreigners. The immigrants assimilated well in terms of using English, joining the Church of England, intermarriage and business success. They founded the silk industry in England. Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.
1944:
3421:
lace makers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover, and there is no contemporary documentation to support there being
Huguenot lace makers in Bedfordshire. The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground", is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until the first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe.
3945:
1666:
1133:, who was disliked for his cowardice. Additionally, it is related, that, it was believed, (that of these spirits) instead of spending their time in Purgatory, came back to rattle doors and haunt and harm people at night. Protestants went out at nights to their lascivious conventicles, and so the priests and the people began to call them Huguenots in Tours and then elsewhere." The name, Huguenot, "the people applied in hatred and derision to those who were elsewhere called Lutherans, and from Touraine it spread throughout France." The
1192:; and so on in other places. Now, it happens that those whom they called Lutherans were at that time so narrowly watched during the day that they were forced to wait till night to assemble, for the purpose of praying God, for preaching and receiving the Holy Sacrament; so that although they did not frighten nor hurt anybody, the priests, through mockery, made them the successors of those spirits which roam the night; and thus that name being quite common in the mouth of the populace, to designate the evangelical
2464:. While many American Huguenot groups worship in borrowed churches, the congregation in Charleston has its own church. Although services are conducted largely in English, every year the church holds an Annual French Service, which is conducted entirely in French using an adaptation of the Liturgies of Neufchatel (1737) and Vallangin (1772). Typically the Annual French Service takes place on the first or second Sunday after Easter in commemoration of the signing of the Edict of Nantes.
3455:
2151:('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots. Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622. Peace terms called for the dismantling of the city's fortifications. A royal citadel was built and the university and consulate were taken over by the Catholic party. Even before the Edict of AlĂšs (1629), Protestant rule was dead and the
60:
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958:
2506:, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian natives. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured some of the Huguenots. The Portuguese threatened their Protestant prisoners with death if they did not convert to Roman Catholicism. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced what is known as the
2851:. It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France. A small wooden church was first erected in the community, followed by a second church that was built of stone. Previous to the erection of it, the strong men would often walk twenty-three miles on Saturday evening, the distance by the road from New Rochelle to New York, to attend the Sunday service. The church was eventually replaced by a third,
4434:
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2267:
3284:, in which the English supported the French Huguenots against King Louis XIII. London financed the emigration of many to England and its colonies around 1700. Some 40,000â50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. Many others went to the American colonies, especially
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3751:
1913:
1168:
almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their
Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. But the light of the Gospel has made them vanish, and teaches us that these spirits were street-strollers and ruffians. In Paris the spirit was called
2843:, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York. It is said that they landed on the coastline peninsula of Davenports Neck called "Bauffet's Point" after travelling from England where they had previously taken refuge on account of religious persecution, four years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They purchased from John Pell, Lord of
2119:. The Edict reaffirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains. The Edict simultaneously protected Catholic interests by discouraging the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions.
3574:ââbetween Scotland and France; Huguenots were mostly welcomed to, and found refuge in the nation from around the year 1700. Although they did not settle in Scotland in such significant numbers as in other regions of Britain and Ireland, Huguenots have been romanticised, and are generally considered to have contributed greatly to Scottish culture.
919:) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a
1897:. During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. Mary returned to Scotland a widow, in the summer of 1561.
2904:
passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at
Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbours.
2061:
Although the exact number of fatalities throughout the country is not known, on 23â24 August, between 2,000 and 3,000 Protestants were killed in Paris and a further 3,000 to 7,000 more in the French provinces. By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone. Beyond Paris,
1806:
The
Huguenots transformed themselves into a definitive political movement thereafter. Protestant preachers rallied a considerable army and a formidable cavalry, which came under the leadership of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Henry of Navarre and the House of Bourbon allied themselves to the Huguenots,
4258:
got its name from the
Protestant refugees from the Spanish Netherlands who settled in the city from the 16th century onwards and were referred to by the locals as the 'Strangers'. The Strangers brought with them their pet canaries, and over the centuries the birds became synonymous with the city. In
4229:
Huguenots of
Spitalfields is a registered charity promoting public understanding of the Huguenot heritage and culture in Spitalfields, the City of London and beyond. They arrange tours, talks, events and schools programmes to raise the Huguenot profile in Spitalfields and raise funds for a permanent
2974:
of
Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations
3081:
The
Huguenots originally spoke French on their arrival in the American colonies, but after two or three generations, they had switched to English. They did not promote French-language schools or publications and "lost" their historic identity. In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed
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on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. The
Huguenot cemetery, or the "Huguenot Burial Ground", has since been recognised as a historic cemetery that is the final resting place for a wide range of the Huguenot founders, early settlers and prominent citizens
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post at the Cape of Good Hope. The largest portion of the
Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time. Many of these
2122:
With the proclamation of the Edict of Nantes, and the subsequent protection of Huguenot rights, pressures to leave France abated. However, enforcement of the Edict grew increasingly irregular over time, making life so intolerable that many fled the country. The Huguenot population of France dropped
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Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. Although 19th-century sources have asserted that some of these refugees were lacemakers and contributed to the East Midlands lace industry, this is contentious. The only reference to immigrant
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as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist-controlled Dutch Republic, which also happened to lead the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also
2999:
Most of the Huguenot congregations (or individuals) in North America eventually affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities. Their descendants in many families continued to use
2223:
in Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Virginia. The English authorities welcomed the French refugees, providing money from both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Those Huguenots who stayed in France were subsequently forcibly converted to Roman Catholicism and were called
1863:
By 1562, the estimated number of Huguenots peaked at approximately two million, concentrated mainly in the western, southern, and some central parts of France, compared to approximately sixteen million Catholics during the same period. Persecution diminished the number of Huguenots who remained in
3353:
house by the river, was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830. (It has been adapted as a restaurantâsee illustration above. The house derives its name from a weaving school which was moved there in the last years of the 19th century, reviving an earlier use.) Other
2336:
Article 4 of 26 June 1889 Nationality Law stated: "Descendants of families proscribed by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes will continue to benefit from the benefit of 15 December 1790 Law, but on the condition that a nominal decree should be issued for every petitioner. That decree will only
1340:
in 1685. Among the nobles, Calvinism peaked on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Since then, it sharply decreased as the Huguenots were no longer tolerated by both the French royalty and the Catholic masses. By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7â8% of the whole
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in 1604. The Count supported mercantilism and welcomed technically skilled immigrants into his lands, regardless of their religion. The Condés established a thriving glass-making works, which provided wealth to the principality for many years. Other founding families created enterprises based on
1927:
These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open
1774:
The Huguenots of the state opposed the monopoly of power the Guise family had and wanted to attack the authority of the crown. This group of Huguenots from southern France had frequent issues with the strict Calvinist tenets that are outlined in many of John Calvin's letters to the synods of the
1377:
by the common man, it was not the case in France, where only nobles adopted the new faith and the folk remained Catholic. This is true for many areas in the west and south controlled by the Huguenot nobility. Although relatively large portions of the peasant population became Reformed there, the
1167:
was given to those of the religion during the affair of Amboyse, and they were to retain it ever since. I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in
8155:
The Liturgy, or Forms of Divine Service, of the French Protestant Church, of Charleston, S. C., Translated from the Liturgy of the Churches of Neufchatel and Vallangin: editions of 1737 and 1772. With Some Additional Prayers, Carefully Selected. The Whole Adapted to Public Worship in the United
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A number of Huguenots served as mayors in Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. Examples include the
1815:
in August, 1572, when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centres of power in southern France. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own
1790:
Like other religious reformers of the time, Huguenots felt that the Catholic Church needed a radical cleansing of its impurities, and that the Pope represented a worldly kingdom, which sat in mocking tyranny over the things of God, and was ultimately doomed. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as
1766:
Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. Since the Huguenots had political and religious goals, it was commonplace to refer to the Calvinists as "Huguenots of religion" and those who opposed the monarchy as "Huguenots of the
2214:
The revocation forbade Protestant services, required education of children as Catholics, and prohibited emigration. It proved disastrous to the Huguenots and costly for France. It precipitated civil bloodshed, ruined commerce, and resulted in the illegal flight from the country of hundreds of
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retains a Huguenot Chapel in the 'Black Prince's Chantry', part of the Crypt which is accessible from the exterior of the cathedral. The chapel was granted to Huguenot refugees on the orders of Queen Elizabeth I in 1575. To this day, the chapel still holds services in French every Sunday at
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and western France. In addition, many areas, especially in the central part of the country, were also contested between the French Reformed and Catholic nobles. Demographically, there were some areas in which the whole populations had been Reformed. These included villages in and around the
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After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 pastors. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy), as well as West Flanders
2188:, was more intolerant of Protestantism. The Huguenots responded by establishing independent political and military structures, establishing diplomatic contacts with foreign powers, and openly revolting against central power. The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French crown.
7398:"Allocution de M. François Mitterrand, Président de la République, aux cérémonies du tricentenaire de la Révocation de l'Edit de Nantes, sur la tolérance en matiÚre politique et religieuse et l'histoire du protestantisme en France, Paris, Palais de l'UNESCO, vendredi 11 octobre 1985"
6881:
There is a tradition that the art of bobbin lace was brought to England by the Flemish emigrants who, fleeing from the tyranny of the Duke of Alba, went to settle in England. This tradition is entirely false for the lace industry did not exist in Flanders when the Duke of Alba went
3436:, where they found the raw materials and fuel to continue their glassmaking tradition. Anglicized names such as Tyzack, Henzey and Tittery are regularly found amongst the early glassmakers, and the region went on to become one of the most important glass regions in the country.
3814:
textiles and such traditional Huguenot occupations in France. The community and its congregation remain active to this day, with descendants of many of the founding families still living in the region. Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s.
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in Dublin, named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696, and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.
2282:
By the 1760s Protestantism was no longer a favourite religion of the elite. By then, most Protestants were CĂ©vennes peasants. It was still illegal, and, although the law was seldom enforced, it could be a threat or a nuisance to Protestants. Calvinists lived primarily in the
1129:(a generic term for these spirits), "because they were wont to assemble near the gate named after Hugon, a Count of Tours in ancient times, who had left a record of evil deeds and had become in popular fancy a sort of sinister and maleficent genius. This count may have been
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Until the late 18th century, the lace made at Lille was indistinguishable from the other copies of Michelin and Valencienne, but, at that time, it appears to have adoptedâalong with a number of other centresâthe simple twist-net ground of the plainer blonde and thread
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refugees practiced the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population. Such economic separation was the condition of the refugees' initial acceptance in the city. They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly
3000:
French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. Assimilated, the French made numerous contributions to United States economic life, especially as merchants and artisans in the late Colonial and early Federal periods. For example,
1323:
steadily swelled to ten percent of the population, or roughly 1.8 million people, in the decade between 1560 and 1570. During the same period there were some 1,400 Reformed churches operating in France. Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on the subject, in his
2455:
still considers itself Huguenot, even after centuries of exile. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.
2760:(Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of
1802:
in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. Ancient relics and texts were destroyed; the bodies of saints exhumed and burned. The cities of Bourges, Montauban and Orléans saw substantial activity in this regard.
6992:, p. 194, Quote: "The Bishop of Kildare did come to Portarlington to consecrate the churches, backed by two prominent Huguenot Deans of ... Moreton held every advantage and for most of the Portarlington Huguenots there could be no option but acceptance ...
3774:. By 1700 one fifth of the city's population was French-speaking. The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century. They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by
8138:
The Liturgy of the French Protestant Church, Translated from the Editions of 1737 and 1772, Published at Neufchatel, with Additional Prayers, Carefully Selected, and Some Alterations: Arranged for the Use of the Congregation in the City of Charleston, S.
1731:(c. 1455â1536). The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the
8147:
The Liturgy of the French Protestant Church, Translated from the Editions of 1737 and 1772, Published at Neufchatel, with Additional Prayers Carefully Selected, and Some Alterations. Arranged for the Use of the Congregation in the City of Charleston, S.
3050:; and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen. The last active Huguenot congregation in North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society of America maintains the
2588:. When Paul Roux, a pastor who arrived with the main group of Huguenots, died in 1724, the Dutch administration, as a special concession, permitted another French cleric to take his place "for the benefit of the elderly who spoke only French". But with
3212:. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch
1101:
Some disagree with such non-French linguistic origins. Janet Gray argues that for the word to have spread into common use in France, it must have originated there in French. The "Hugues hypothesis" argues that the name was derived by association with
5947:
Nationality, domicile and residence in France: Decree of October 2, 1888 concerning foreigners, with notes and instructions and the laws of France relating to nationality, admission to domicile, naturalization and the sojourn in France of foreigners
7027:, Quote: "The Huguenot settlement at Portarlington, 1692â1771. Unique among the French Protestant colonies established or augmented in Ireland following the Treaty of Limerick (1691), the Portarlington settlement was planted on the ashes of an ..."
906:
in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the
1294:
in France has been covered in a variety of sources. Most of them agree that the Huguenot population reached as many as 10% of the total population, or roughly 2 million people, on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572.
2215:
thousands of Protestants, many of whom were intellectuals, doctors and business leaders whose skills were transferred to Britain as well as Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, South Africa and other places they fled to. 4,000 emigrated to the
1794:
Fanatically opposed to the Catholic Church, the Huguenots killed priests, monks, and nuns, attacked monasticism, and destroyed sacred images, relics, and church buildings. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw
3851:, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including the poet
2459:
In the United States there are several Huguenot worship groups and societies. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. One of the most active Huguenot groups is in
8175:
The Liturgy Used in the Churches of the Principality of Neufchatel: with a Letter from the Learned Dr. Jablonski, Concerning the Nature of Liturgies: To which is Added, The Form of Prayer lately introduced into the Church of
3683:). The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the AltpreuĂische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich). Another 4,000 Huguenots settled in the German territories of
2576:
province of South Africa. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. The Huguenot Memorial Museum was also erected there and opened in 1957.
1807:
adding wealth and territorial holdings to the Protestant strength, which at its height grew to sixty fortified cities, and posed a serious and continuous threat to the Catholic crown and Paris over the next three decades.
1106:, king of France, who reigned long before the Reformation. He was regarded by the Gallicians as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name
4140:, a known former Huguenot stronghold in France. The Huguenot and Historical Association of New Rochelle was organized in 1885 for the purpose of perpetuating the history of its original Huguenot settlers. The mascot of
2346:, which revoked the 1889 Nationality Law). It states in article 3: "This application does not, however, affect the validity of past acts by the person or rights acquired by third parties on the basis of previous laws."
2021:
of 24 August â 3 October 1572, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris and similar massacres took place in other towns in the following weeks. The main provincial towns and cities experiencing massacres were
1361:, which used to be almost entirely Reformed too. John Calvin was a Frenchman and himself largely responsible for the introduction and spread of the Reformed tradition in France. He wrote in French, but unlike the
8113:
La Liturgie: ou La ManiÚre de Célébrer le Service Divin, Comme elle est établie Dans le Eglises de la Principauté de Neufchatel & Vallangin. Nouvelle édition, Augmentée de quelques Prieres, Collectes &
4189:, there is a Huguenot Road. A Huguenot High School in Richmond and Huguenot Park in Chesterfield County, along with several other uses of the name throughout the region, commemorate the early refugee settlers.
1810:
The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. The height of this persecution was the
6832:
A nest of refugee lace-makers, 'who came out of France by reason of the late "troubles" yet continuing,' were congregated at Dover (1621â22). A list of about twenty-five 'widows being makers of Bone lace is
3655:
Around 1685, Huguenot refugees found a safe haven in the Lutheran and Reformed states in Germany and Scandinavia. Nearly 50,000 Huguenots established themselves in Germany, 20,000 of whom were welcomed in
2227:
After this, the Huguenots (with estimates ranging from 200,000 to 1,000,000) fled to Protestant countries: England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, and Prussiaâwhose Calvinist Great Elector
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in founding New York City. Baron de Cartier de Marchienne, representing the government and Albert I, King of Belgium, presented the monument to Mayor John F. Hylan, for the City of New York 18 May 1924.
4150:(1759â1854), a descendant of Huguenots and prosperous New York City merchant who was involved in various New York City organizations. Pintard was credited with establishing the modern conception of
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and French Huguenots fled to England, with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain.
2490:
The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found
2603:, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouché, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan),
855:
in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. By 1600, it had declined to 7â8%, and was reduced further late in the century after the return of persecution under
10027:
2744:. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as
2440:
mountain region in the south, who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day. Surveys suggest that Protestantism has grown in recent years, though this is due primarily to the expansion of
2203:, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Roman Catholicism. Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favoured professions. Escalating, he instituted
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3065:
tried to encourage Huguenot immigration in an attempt to promote a Francophone Protestant Church in the region, hoping that French-speaking Protestants would be more loyal clergy than those of
1967:
on 1 March 1562, when dozens (some sources say hundreds) of Huguenots were killed, and about 200 were wounded. It was in this year that some Huguenots destroyed the tomb and remains of Saint
4572:
4012:
2248:
region) rioted against the Catholic Church, burning churches and killing the clergy. It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.
8122:
La Liturgie: ou La ManiÚre de Célébrer le Service Divin, qui est établie Dans le Eglises de la Principauté de Neufchatel & Vallangin. Cinquieme édition, revue, corrigée & augmentée
2805:" in New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains one of the oldest streets in the United States of America. A small group of Huguenots also settled on the
3963:
of France announced a formal apology to the descendants of Huguenots around the world. At the same time, the government released a special postage stamp in their honour reading "France
1685:
languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed Church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy (see the
3417:, which had accommodated an earlier settlement of Walloon weavers. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city.
7581:
3473:, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for
2107:
The pattern of warfare, followed by brief periods of peace, continued for nearly another quarter-century. The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having
3303:(born André Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of
2176:
broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629 in which the Reformed areas revolted against royal authority. The uprising occurred a decade following the death of
1123:, mentions these theories and opinions, but tends to support a completely Catholic origin. As one legend holds, a gateway area in the streets of Tours was haunted by the ghosts of
1381:
Overall, Huguenot presence was heavily concentrated in the western and southern portions of the French kingdom, as nobles there secured practise of the new faith. These included
9735:
8084:
by Rev. John Wright, D.D. St Paul, MN: Privately Printed, 1898. Pages 188 to 210 are entitled "The Prayer Book of the French Protestants, Charleston, South Carolina." (597 pdfs)
6408:
article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution
4638:
The exodus of Huguenots who left France to settle in England, Holland, Switzerland, and German principalities before sailing to British North America, created a brain drain ...
4380:
The majority of Australians with French ancestry are descended from Huguenots. Some of the earliest to arrive in Australia held prominent positions in English society, notably
1878:
As the Huguenots gained influence and displayed their faith more openly, Roman Catholic hostility towards them grew, even though the French crown offered increasingly liberal
3932:
abroad, particularly in England. Both kingdoms, which had enjoyed peaceful relations until 1685, became bitter enemies and fought each other in a series of wars, called the "
3191:
were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the whole Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset.
2232:
welcomed them to help rebuild his war-ravaged and underpopulated country. Following this exodus, Huguenots remained in large numbers in only one region of France: the rugged
3586:, who has explored how the ethnic group transformed over generations "from Mediterranean Catholics to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants", has analyzed how Huguenot adherence to
6104:
3837:
may help to explain that colony's low population compared to that of the neighboring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters. By the start of the
8190:
Preamble and rules for the government of the French Protestant Church of Charleston: adopted at meetings of the corporation held on the 12th and the 19th of November, 1843
877:
3833:, as many of them had occupied important places in society. The kingdom did not fully recover for years. The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in
4988:
The Huguenot Population of France, 1600â1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991. p. 164
3140:, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. They settled at the
3051:
3082:
community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. In colonial New York City they switched from French to English or Dutch by 1730.
11050:
10380:
9529:
3116:, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the
2793:
Huguenot immigrants settled throughout pre-colonial America, including in New Amsterdam (New York City), some 21 miles north of New York in a town which they named
7931:
Wijsenbeek, Thera. "Identity Lost: Huguenot Refugees in the Dutch Republic and its Former Colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 To 1750: A Comparison",
3914:
6442:
Thera Wijsenbeek, "Identity Lost: Huguenot refugees in the Dutch Republic and its former colonies in North America and South Africa, 1650 to 1750: a comparison".
2080:
618:
3809:
Prince Louis de CondĂ©, along with his sons Daniel and Osias, arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-SaarbrĂŒcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day
3069:. While a small number of Huguenots did come, the majority switched from speaking French to English. As a result, Protestants are still a religious minority in
1904:
of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. However, these measures disguised the growing tensions between Protestants and Catholics.
10593:
8480:
3778:
in 1806â07. Many of their descendants rose to positions of prominence. Several congregations were founded throughout Germany and Scandinavia, such as those of
6675:
Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe."
1850:
Huguenot numbers grew rapidly between 1555 and 1561, chiefly amongst nobles and city dwellers. During this time, their opponents first dubbed the Protestants
2971:
8071:
2326:
All persons born in a foreign country and descending in any degree of a French man or woman expatriated for religious reason are declared French nationals (
11085:
6455:
Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 1678â1834".
4403:. Their impoverishment had been brought on by the Industrial Revolution, which caused the collapse of the Huguenot-dominated silk-weaving industry. Many
3644:
After the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572, some persecuted Huguenots fled to Poland, taking advantage of its religious tolerance confirmed by the
2946:
in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the
2311:
946:
4241:
or Mount Nod Cemetery, which was used by the Huguenots living in the area. The site was in use from 1687 to 1854 and graves can still be observed today.
2430:
In the early 21st century, there were approximately one million Protestants in France, representing some 2% of its population. Most are concentrated in
2123:
to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. The greatest concentrations of Huguenots at this time resided in the regions of
2976:
2967:
5665:
5437:
1747:), another student at the University of Paris, also converted to Protestantism. Long after the sect was suppressed by Francis I, the remaining French
8999:
8608:
4025:
2963:
1573:
1441:
1771:
The Huguenots of religion were influenced by John Calvin's works and established Calvinist synods. They were determined to end religious oppression.
7841:
McClain, Molly. "A Letter from Carolina, 1688: French Huguenots in the New World." William and Mary Quarterly. 3rd. ser., 64 (April 2007): 377â394.
6509:
La dynastie RouviĂšre de Fraissinet-de-LozĂšre. Les Ă©lites villageoises dans les CĂ©vennes protestantes d'aprĂšs un fonds d'archives inĂ©dit (1403â1908)
3845:, a sizeable population of Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France in 1759â1760.
640:
4580:
4348:
population. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. The early immigrants settled in
2599:-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq),
8534:
8492:
8458:
8411:
8399:
8375:
8351:
8339:
8327:
8315:
8303:
4167:
3054:
in Virginia as a historic shrine with occasional services. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.
1041:
was purportedly first applied in France to those conspirators (all of them aristocratic members of the Reformed Church) who were involved in the
691:
8209:
Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France
8198:
Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France
3676:
2207:, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. In 1685, he issued the
2172:
By 1620, the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. A series of three small civil wars known as the
9745:
9492:
6569:
3172:(subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668â78. Many came from the region of the
2959:
2444:
churches which particularly have adherents among immigrant groups that are generally considered distinct from the French Huguenot population.
11553:
10676:
9304:
6014:
635:
5336:
The Huguenots in the seventeenth century: including the history of the Edict of Nantes, from its enactment in 1598 to its revocation in 1685
3740:
2332:) and will benefit from rights attached to that quality if they come back to France, establish their domicile there and take the civic oath.
1928:
hostility finally occurred in 1598. The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of
10012:
7585:
6353:
4666:
The exodus of Huguenots from France caused an early kind of 'brain drain' whereby France lost many of its most skilled workers and artisans
4006:), founded in 1559, the historical and principal Reformed church in France since the Protestant Reformation until its 2013 merger into the
3821:, Hessen, Germany is the Huguenot Museum and Huguenot archive. The collection includes family histories, a library, and a picture archive.
3216:
are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron
1097:, often used deprecatingly, the word became, during two and a half centuries of terror and triumph, a badge of enduring honour and courage.
8183:
Manifesto, (or Declaration of Principles), of the French Protestant Church of London, Founded by Charter of Edward VI. 24 July, A.D. 1550.
10476:
3292:
295:
8105:
La Liturgie: ou La ManiÚre de célébrer le service Divin; Qui est établie Dans le Eglises de la Principauté de Neufchatel & Vallangin
8097:
La Liturgie: ou La ManiÚre de célébrer le service Divin; Qui est établie Dans le Eglises de la Principauté de Neufchatel & Vallangin
7066:
4780:"Apologie pour Hérodote; satire de la société au XVIe siÚcle. Nouv. éd., faite sur la premiÚre et augm. de remarques par P. Ristelhuber"
3187:
at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot. In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of
11509:
10049:
9153:
8800:
4160:(23 June 1842 â 25 May 1896), the last governor of the Dakota territory and the first governor of South Dakota was of Huguenot descent.
2160:
8475:
4391:
Others who came later were from poorer families, migrating from England in the 19th and early 20th centuries to escape the poverty of
3442:
was the most prominent Briton of Huguenot descent, deriving from the Huguenots who went to the colonies; his American grandfather was
2062:
the killings continued until 3 October. An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators. Following the killings many Protestants
11060:
9355:
8613:
8270:
3848:
3661:
2229:
274:
11909:
8041:
7397:
5021:
4827:
1560:
After centuries, most Huguenots assimilated into the various societies and cultures where they have settled. Remnant communities of
1436:
Today, there are some Reformed communities around the world that still retain their Huguenot identity. In France, Calvinists in the
11012:
10964:
10521:
10471:
9778:
9391:
8216:
5047:
The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes
7471:
4281:
are thought to have contributed significantly to the development of the textile industry in that country. One notable example was
2884:. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned
2693:. War at home again precluded a resupply mission, and the colony struggled. In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to
9783:
3708:
2257:
927:
8298:
8136:
7103:' between Scotland and France (England's traditional enemy), this meant that French Huguenots found Scotland a welcoming refuge.
5197:
971:
has unclear origins. Various hypotheses have been promoted. The term may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician
10942:
10932:
10696:
10628:
10496:
9740:
9648:
9379:
9299:
9247:
9045:
8644:
7423:
3105:
3058:
2852:
133:
11521:
9257:
8992:
7870:
7731:
4793:
4175:
2681:. The French Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage, and the outpost was abandoned. In 1564, Ribault's former lieutenant
1936:, both of whichâin addition to holding rival religious viewsâstaked a claim to the French throne. The crown, occupied by the
1735:, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530.
1421:
were Huguenot strongholds. In addition, a dense network of Protestant villages permeated the rural mountainous region of the
155:
8081:
Early Prayer Books of America: Being a Descriptive Account of Prayer Books Published in the United States, Mexico and Canada
3264:
As a major Protestant nation, England patronized and helped protect Huguenots since at least the mid-1500s. Kent hosted the
1697:. A two-volume illustrated folio paraphrase version based on his manuscript, by Jean de RĂ©ly, was printed in Paris in 1487.
11646:
10034:
3133:
1940:, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient.
625:
510:
268:
6735:
11904:
11884:
11684:
10229:
8947:
7607:
5608:
4891:
3887:
3160:
3094:(1568â1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the
684:
8022:
5905:
5560:
5493:
3898:
3038:
and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Reverend John Gano, a
2986:
of Charleston, which remains independent, is the oldest continuously active Huguenot congregation in the United States.
9827:
9730:
8103:
7196:
7092:
5969:
5618:
5307:
5142:
4575:[Catholicism and Protestantism in France â Sociological analysis and data from the CSA Institute for La Croix]
4219:
4007:
3370:
3204:
2555:
But it was not until 31 December 1687 that the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the
2423:
were gaining power in neighbouring Germany and urged his Protestant Huguenot congregation to hide Jewish refugees from
2322:
The government encouraged descendants of exiles to return, offering them French citizenship in a 15 December 1790 law:
1569:
1437:
495:
6773:
6555:
D.J.B. Trim, . "The Secret War of Elizabeth I: England and the Huguenots during the early Wars of Religion, 1562â77."
5334:
3413:, France drew off most of the workers of its great silk mills which they had built. Some of these immigrants moved to
11570:
10669:
10466:
8795:
8049:
7336:
7316:
7287:
7267:
6960:
6330:
6256:
6082:
5865:
5849:
5814:
5793:
5769:
5730:
5704:
5481:
5417:
5293:
4659:
4631:
4606:
4553:
4070:
3956:
3521:
2802:
2682:
2595:
Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Many families, today, mostly
2199:
inherited the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. At first he sent
2018:
2012:
1992:
1812:
1332:, declining to 7 to 8% by the end of the 16th century, and further after heavy persecution began once again with the
1329:
1115:
Paul Ristelhuber, in his 1879 introduction to a new edition of the controversial and censored, but popular 1566 work
852:
780:
746:
145:
7125:
Scotland owes a great deal to the Huguenots. They were the flower of France, and the persecution, epitomised by the
809:) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan
11899:
11814:
10244:
10143:
9602:
9135:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
8985:
7126:
6659:
Kurt Gingrich, "'That Will Make Carolina Powerful and Flourishing': Scots and Huguenots in Carolina in the 1680s."
4073:
3281:
3265:
3248:
3213:
2993:
2757:
2472:
Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism.
2115:, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain the French crown, issued the
2108:
2063:
1785:
1487:
17:
8031:
5965:
Nationality and Naturalization: Reports by Her Majesty's Representatives Abroad Upon the Laws of Foreign Countries
4933:
3016:, famed investor, pilot, film director, and philanthropist, was also of Huguenot descent and descendant from Rev.
3001:
11081:
10979:
10947:
10329:
10059:
9798:
9755:
9638:
9628:
9438:
9401:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9040:
7856:
7203:
In Scotland, the Huguenots 'became part of the warp and woof of the Scottish nation. They followed the tenets of
3612:(the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. Nearby villages are
243:
160:
8036:
7961:, préface de Jean-Pierre Poussou, Paris, Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne (PUPS), Les Indes savantes, 2009
4199:) is a monument given to the City of New York by the Belgian Province of Hainaut in honor of the inspiration of
3797:
2917:
and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including
11889:
11773:
11022:
10937:
10643:
10611:
10438:
10357:
9788:
9558:
9474:
9365:
6931:
6903:
6730:
Michael Green, "Bridging the English Channel: Huguenots in the educational milieu of the English upper class."
5179:
Catalogue of the loan collection of antiquities, curiosities, and appliances connected with the art of printing
5000:"England's 'First Refugees' Robin Gwynn examines the arrival of Huguenot French to England in the 17th century"
4489:
4286:
3345:
Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where
3124:
held services in French. The practice has continued to the present day. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active
2992:
in New York, founded in 1628, is older, but it left the French Reformed movement in 1804 to become part of the
2905:
Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the
2881:
677:
505:
488:
10740:
6717:
Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century."
6607:
Roy A. Sundstrom, "French Huguenots and the Civil List, 1696â1727: A Study of Alien Assimilation in England."
4573:"Catholicisme et protestantisme en France â Analyses sociologiques et donnĂ©es de l'Institut CSA pour La Croix"
2865:
Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. They assimilated with the predominantly
11580:
10902:
10633:
10623:
10387:
10044:
9842:
9812:
9653:
9504:
9457:
9195:
8785:
8263:
7835:
6680:
6482:
6392:
4186:
2897:
2798:
2787:
2702:
2678:
2507:
1987:
385:
248:
196:
6747:
3528:
is located in the centre of Dublin, off St. Stephen's Green. Prior to its establishment, Huguenots used the
1693:
finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the scriptures was prepared by the Roman Catholic priest,
11585:
10662:
9822:
8448:
8120:
8111:
8095:
7628:
6004:
5984:
5669:
5059:
The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt
4425:
4407:
descendants of Huguenots still consider themselves very much Huguenots or French, even in the 21st century.
4234:
4077:
3933:
3712:
3700:
3090:
Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the
2909:
into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the
2674:
1433:. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France.
667:
345:
253:
1701:
11894:
11656:
11437:
11299:
10186:
9832:
9817:
9803:
9710:
9700:
9190:
8453:
5717:
5691:
5634:
3494:
3342:. Services are still held there in French according to the Reformed tradition every Sunday at 3 pm.
2390:
2340:
Foreign descendants of Huguenots lost the automatic right to French citizenship in 1945 (by force of the
475:
165:
150:
6573:
11766:
11728:
11215:
9837:
9705:
9509:
8765:
8562:
6385:
6105:"Rise of 'neo-Protestantism' under Macron challenges traditional Catholic-secular approach to politics"
5088:
4494:
4122:
4049:
3039:
3030:, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina. Other descendants of Huguenots included
2979:. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.
2939:
2932:
2670:
2592:, within three generations the Huguenots had generally adopted Dutch as their first and home language.
2549:
2461:
1740:
1515:
976:
595:
206:
5842:
The Huguenot Population of France, 1600â1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority
2236:
region in the south. There were also some Calvinists in the Alsace region, which then belonged to the
11879:
11809:
11799:
11761:
11516:
11326:
11294:
11248:
11225:
10616:
10099:
9563:
9453:
8818:
8582:
8522:
8145:
8128:
7993:
7809:
Fortress of the Soul: Violence, Metaphysics, and Material Life in the Huguenots' New World, 1517â1751
7653:
6204:
5138:
4717:
4524:
4330:
3997:
3951:
issued a formal apology to the Huguenots and their descendants on behalf of the French state in 1985.
3603:
3525:
3478:
3285:
2901:
2709:
near Fort Caroline. Menéndez' forces routed the French and executed most of the Protestant captives.
2519:
821:
630:
138:
31:
7148:
6179:
4080:", to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Huguenots' settlement in what is now the United States.
1756:
1709:
11789:
11694:
11689:
11504:
11469:
11395:
11351:
11346:
11143:
10969:
10814:
10711:
10706:
10638:
10606:
10501:
10181:
9994:
9487:
9423:
8629:
8603:
8509:
8256:
8228:
8167:
7862:
7561:"Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields â Huguenot Public Art Trust"
7519:"Huguenots of Spitalfields heritage tours & events in Spitalfields â Huguenot Public Art Trust"
6053:
4141:
3692:
3680:
3339:
2910:
2806:
2581:
2556:
2096:
1362:
1046:
980:
390:
186:
10022:
7795:
The Huguenot soldiers of William of Orange and the Glorious Revolution of 1688: the lions of Judah
7752:
The French Huguenots and Wars of Religion: Three Centuries of Resistance for Freedom of Conscience
6827:
5117:
4599:
The Future of Post-Human Migration: A Preface to a New Theory of Sameness, Otherness, and Identity
2740:(later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including
11474:
11208:
11113:
11002:
10952:
10809:
10726:
10701:
9909:
9849:
9725:
9607:
9406:
9008:
7831:
5990:
5162:
4196:
4094:
3990:
3771:
3696:
3649:
3533:
3459:
2943:
2818:
2717:
2661:
French Huguenots made two attempts to establish a haven in North America. In 1562, naval officer
1996:
1960:
1873:
1547:
1320:
912:
881:
123:
7814:
Lachenicht, Susanne. "Huguenot Immigrants and the Formation of National Identities, 1548â1787",
6360:
5889:
5251:
4192:
The Manakintown Episcopal Church in Midlothian, Virginia serves as a National Huguenot Memorial.
3856:
3716:
3704:
3177:
1717:
1328:
claims the Huguenot community reached as much as 10% of the French population on the eve of the
11794:
11385:
11243:
11185:
11076:
11055:
10820:
10569:
10456:
10074:
9695:
9616:
9592:
9024:
8577:
8572:
8567:
7188:
7040:
7001:
Raymond P. Hylton, "Dublin's Huguenot Community: Trials, Development, and Triumph, 1662â1701",
6468:
Joyce D. Goodfriend, "The social dimensions of congregational life in colonial New York city".
5451:
4999:
4133:
4083:
3879:
3529:
3474:
3433:
3152:
3137:
2877:
2844:
2832:
2826:
2794:
2706:
2612:
2208:
1901:
1844:
1690:
1333:
1025:, was a leader of the "Confederate Party", so called because it favoured independence from the
908:
866:
825:
795:
370:
305:
170:
7036:
6876:
6418:
6320:
6273:
5228:
5183:
5111:
3960:
3948:
3334:
for worship. In 1825, this privilege was reduced to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former
3136:). The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the
934:
had been all but eliminated from France. Persecution of Protestants officially ended with the
11853:
11452:
11178:
10987:
10890:
10845:
10774:
10564:
10506:
10397:
10392:
10270:
10264:
10064:
9612:
9577:
9482:
9396:
9178:
8875:
8757:
8736:
8598:
8416:
7989:
7135:
6620:
Robin Gwynn, "The number of Huguenot immigrants in England in the late seventeenth century."
5963:
5945:
5407:
4504:
4087:
3838:
3129:
3113:
3108:, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers.
2906:
2885:
2836:
2690:
2398:
2220:
1943:
1879:
1034:
1003:(literally 'housemates'), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German
900:
of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.
517:
400:
315:
238:
51:
8092:. Includes history, text of memorial tablets, and the rules adopted in 1869. (1898, 40 pdfs)
6153:
6028:
3918:
3910:
3890:
1244:(French Protestant church). Huguenot descendants sometimes display this symbol as a sign of
11674:
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11609:
11486:
11195:
11095:
11045:
11040:
10997:
10957:
10885:
10554:
10511:
10461:
10249:
10201:
10196:
10171:
10007:
9961:
9864:
9854:
9690:
9683:
9534:
9448:
9220:
9210:
9173:
7233:
6798:
6078:
5121:
4520:
4244:
4238:
3864:
3645:
3331:
3327:
2918:
2779:
1947:
1894:
1890:
1519:
1382:
1011:('Confederate' in the sense of 'a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy').
833:
585:
570:
221:
211:
201:
8130:
La Liturgie, ou La ManiÚre de Célébrer le Service Divin, dans le églises du Canton de Vaud
8076:
About the inhabitants of Southern France and how they came to be called French Protestants
7349:
4908:
1674:
8:
11843:
11819:
11804:
11723:
11713:
11699:
11679:
11669:
11639:
11619:
11548:
11279:
11108:
11035:
10865:
10794:
10721:
10578:
10559:
10299:
10294:
10221:
9939:
9914:
9793:
9773:
9720:
9621:
9519:
9416:
9384:
9328:
8202:
7401:
7162:
6817:
6802:, A History of the County of Middlesex: Vol. 11: Stepney, Bethnal Green (1998), pp. 91â95
5610:
Frog Town: A Portrait of a French Canadian Paris in New England by Lawrence Armand French
5025:
4824:
4760:
4453:
4303:
4290:
4282:
4128:
4037:
3842:
3657:
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2292:
2185:
2173:
1825:
1732:
1713:
935:
903:
545:
8232:
8173:
8079:
7940:
The Conversion of Henri IV: Politics, Power, and Religious Belief in Early Modern France
7649:
6855:
6821:
5384:
5245:
5156:
3513:
in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the
2357:
893:
11874:
11718:
11664:
11575:
11565:
11356:
11271:
11220:
10830:
10526:
10276:
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10123:
10111:
10088:
9884:
9658:
9499:
9443:
9433:
9235:
9019:
8865:
8839:
8514:
8320:
8087:
7116:
5107:
4742:
4734:
4392:
4361:
4251:
4182:
4157:
3304:
3101:
2866:
2855:, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church
2769:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2533:
2493:
2481:
2452:
2177:
2112:
2100:
2084:
1886:
1694:
1212:'). By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation.
1042:
889:
885:
865:
to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his
600:
455:
440:
350:
320:
260:
43:
9597:
4779:
4200:
3276:, returned to London in 1559 and Kent in 1561. An early group of Huguenots settled in
2733:
1665:
972:
813:
460:
11755:
11634:
11540:
11464:
11363:
11336:
11255:
11203:
11153:
10912:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10860:
10850:
10799:
10451:
10370:
10365:
10319:
10259:
10128:
9924:
9309:
9230:
9168:
8916:
8896:
8891:
8775:
8470:
8392:
8188:
7866:
7825:
7821:
7727:
7379:
7332:
7312:
7283:
7263:
7192:
7088:
6956:
6927:
6899:
6870:
6691:
Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England."
6326:
6252:
5885:
5845:
5810:
5789:
5765:
5726:
5700:
5614:
5477:
5413:
5289:
5204:
4851:
4746:
4655:
4627:
4602:
4549:
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4404:
4374:
4260:
4063:
3545:
3439:
3269:
3141:
3109:
3066:
3043:
3009:
2840:
2525:
2498:. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day
2287:; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired
2261:
2237:
2216:
2004:
1964:
1791:
events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment.
1581:
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1006:
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873:
522:
470:
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335:
216:
128:
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8163:
7427:
5177:
5049:
Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870. p. 627
3578:
wrote extensively of the French Protestant group's impact on the nation in his 1953
3520:
For over 150 years, Huguenots were allowed to hold their services in Lady Chapel in
3180:. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to
2298:
Persecution of Protestants diminished in France after 1724, finally ending with the
1021:'s adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. In Geneva, Hugues, though
11499:
11341:
11316:
10895:
10855:
10211:
10151:
9539:
9524:
9225:
9205:
9200:
9183:
9163:
8911:
8906:
8846:
8832:
8805:
8743:
8708:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8667:
8546:
7675:
7369:
7361:
7180:
6919:
6544:
The Huguenots: their Settlements, Churches, & Industries in England and Ireland
5158:
Historical account of some of the more important versions and editions of the Bible
5103:
4855:
4726:
4499:
4385:
4171:
4144:
is the Huguenot; and one of the main streets in the city is called Huguenot Street.
3944:
3672:
3621:
3583:
3035:
2893:
2608:
2537:
1929:
1759:
published a French Bible for them. The French Confession of 1559 shows a decidedly
1527:
1198:
in the country of Tourraine and Amboyse, it became in vogue after that enterprise."
763:
711:
445:
375:
300:
279:
233:
64:
8969:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
8729:
7884:
New Babylon to Eden: The Huguenots and Their Migration to Colonial South Carolina.
6507:
5358:
3928:
The persecution and the flight of the Huguenots greatly damaged the reputation of
2544:
minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today
1700:
The first known translation of the Bible into one of France's regional languages,
11708:
11614:
11405:
11103:
10584:
10486:
10424:
10166:
10117:
9663:
9318:
8790:
8780:
8722:
8715:
8539:
8497:
8332:
8279:
8208:
8196:
8182:
8159:
8089:
The French Protestant (Huguenot) Church in the city of Charleston, South Carolina
8053:
8026:
7791:
7781:
6396:
6006:
Ordonnance n° 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945 portant code de la nationalité française
5564:
4831:
4467:
4264:
4163:
4053:
3902:
3860:
3852:
3470:
3359:
3323:
2983:
2947:
2928:
2822:
2814:
2783:
2696:
2284:
2116:
2075:
2023:
2000:
1937:
1839:
in southeastern France. Francis initially protected the Huguenot dissidents from
1728:
1495:
1342:
1308:
1068:
897:
790:
757:
565:
500:
7697:
7207:
and made their contribution social, religious and commercial' (Reaman 1966; 95).
2872:
In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of
2847:, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of
2528:
from as early as 1671; the first documented was the wagonmaker François Vilion (
11704:
11604:
11400:
11289:
11235:
11168:
11148:
10907:
10748:
10588:
10574:
10549:
10544:
10335:
10309:
10239:
10054:
9956:
9951:
9934:
9874:
9768:
9715:
9544:
9464:
9313:
8901:
8431:
8368:
8308:
7350:"Immigration and the Diffusion of Technology: The Huguenot Diaspora in Prussia"
7185:
French Huguenots: From Mediterranean Catholics to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
7084:
6849:
5756:
5231:
Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from the Gregorian Reform to the Reformation
4481:
4317:
4118:
4043:
3818:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3443:
3394:
3355:
3350:
3219:
3165:
3145:
3125:
3047:
2737:
2639:
in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home.
2589:
2569:
2541:
2499:
2485:
2441:
2275:
2245:
2092:
1933:
1686:
1479:
1455:
1370:
1354:
1229:
1120:
1049:
994:
961:
555:
430:
420:
415:
410:
380:
355:
226:
4807:
3925:
linked Huguenot migration to Prussia with a boost in industrial productivity.
3553:
3349:
survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. The Weavers, a
837:
11868:
11629:
11560:
11410:
11118:
10758:
10753:
10491:
10428:
10417:
10304:
10191:
10094:
10082:
9946:
9919:
9859:
9338:
9158:
8441:
8387:
8363:
8019:
7539:
7383:
7100:
6011:
Decree number 45-2441 of 19 October 1945 on the subject of French nationality
5557:
5497:
4509:
4439:
4400:
4381:
4206:
4098:
4062:, the first governor of the state of Tennessee, and the only governor of the
3875:
3617:
3571:
3481:, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in
3374:
3300:
3027:
3013:
2848:
2810:
2761:
2736:, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of
2686:
2648:
2424:
2363:
1860:, or "Reformed". They organised their first national synod in 1558 in Paris.
1736:
1459:
1130:
1026:
799:
656:
590:
580:
405:
395:
360:
340:
105:
76:
68:
5909:
5311:
4125:
guerrilla fighter in South Carolina, was of predominantly Huguenot ancestry.
3164:
found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there (which were called the "
1045:
of 1560: a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential and
915:
and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as
11442:
11390:
11321:
11311:
10992:
10924:
10789:
10685:
10516:
10446:
10324:
10133:
10104:
9971:
9668:
9411:
9370:
8463:
8404:
8344:
8158:
Third edition. New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Company, 1853. 228 pp.
7802:
Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in England
4761:"Henri II Estienne | Humanist, Latinist, Translator | Britannica"
4396:
4226:, which is still active, and has also been a registered charity since 1926.
4147:
3906:
3736:
3608:
3510:
3398:
3390:
3195:
3091:
3062:
2955:
2951:
2938:
In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day
2889:
2662:
2573:
2503:
2384:
2317:
1463:
1072:
652:
575:
465:
310:
191:
95:
59:
8977:
8058:
8046:
7560:
6777:
3454:
1900:
In 1561, the Edict of Orléans declared an end to the persecution, and the
1743:, establishing a Protestant republican government in Geneva. Jean Cauvin (
1341:
population, or 1.2 million people. By the time Louis XIV revoked the
1055:
O. I. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. He wrote in his book,
892:(who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the
869:
of 1685. In 1986, the Protestant population sat at 1% of the population'.
11744:
11494:
11457:
11306:
11158:
11133:
11030:
10156:
10017:
9988:
9929:
9904:
9899:
9763:
9678:
9572:
9553:
9262:
8750:
8380:
8356:
8293:
8224:
7518:
7365:
7204:
5126:
4351:
4337:
4223:
4151:
4137:
4112:
4059:
4018:
Union nationale des églises protestantes réformées évangéliques de France
3830:
3514:
3490:
3463:
3429:
3378:
3273:
3231:
3202:, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece,
3188:
3159:
after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. William formed the
3155:, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of
3031:
3023:
2924:
2914:
2741:
2619:, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naudé, Nortjé (Nortier),
2600:
2563:
2371:
2204:
2165:
2142:
1836:
1748:
1744:
1724:
1705:
1670:
1511:
1414:
1394:
1366:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1112:
would be roughly equivalent to 'little Hugos', or 'those who want Hugo'.
1018:
920:
872:
The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the
861:
841:
810:
802:
527:
325:
100:
72:
8009:
7896:
Scoville, Warren C. "The Huguenots and the diffusion of technology. I."
7052:
6664:
3805:, Poland, built by descendants of French Huguenot immigrants to the city
3173:
2406:
2233:
1565:
1390:
1153:
offered the following account as to the origin of the name, as cited by
11592:
11331:
11128:
10784:
10716:
10536:
10286:
10234:
10039:
9869:
9514:
9343:
9287:
9282:
8527:
8485:
7996:
contains approximate 6500 books and pamphlets including 1500 rare books
7905:
7901:
7891:
The persecution of Huguenots and French economic development, 1680â1720
7849:
7762:
7374:
7120:
6272:
Watkinson, William Lonsdale; Davison, William Theophilus, eds. (1875).
6109:
4941:
4738:
3872:
3834:
3779:
3637:
3620:. Apart from the French village name and that of the local rugby team,
3402:
3382:
3315:
3277:
3258:
3117:
2775:
2729:
2585:
2271:
2200:
2181:
1952:
1796:
1682:
1103:
916:
880:
hostility grew. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the
876:. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith,
550:
435:
7926:
Memory and Identity: The Huguenots in France and the Atlantic Diaspora
7449:
7129:, 1572, which drove so many to seek refuge abroad, enriched our nation
3253:
2043:
1723:
Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and
1081:("housemates") while on the Swiss and German borders they were termed
11749:
11597:
11432:
11422:
11415:
11373:
11368:
11163:
11123:
10531:
10481:
10407:
10402:
10176:
9889:
9879:
9582:
9568:
9292:
8770:
8504:
8004:
7759:
Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in Sixteenth-Century Paris
4357:
4345:
4341:
4307:
3929:
3905:. Related to Ulrich de MaiziĂšre were also the last prime minister of
3883:
3868:
3787:
3783:
3720:
3688:
3587:
3558:
3541:
3502:
3406:
3363:
3319:
3199:
3156:
3017:
3005:
2750:(the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as
2721:
2712:
2596:
2545:
2374:. They were regarded as groups supporting the French Republic, which
2307:
2196:
2132:
1976:
1917:
1847:, however, he distanced himself from Huguenots and their protection.
1840:
1760:
1539:
1467:
1410:
1349:
1337:
1291:
939:
931:
884:, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by
856:
806:
330:
80:
6131:
4730:
4560:...Huegenots made up perhaps as much as 10% of the French population
2211:, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal.
2180:, who was assassinated by a Catholic fanatic in 1610. His successor
1478:
The bulk of Huguenot émigrés moved to Protestant states such as the
1258:
1202:
Some have suggested the name was derived, with intended scorn, from
11138:
11007:
10375:
10254:
9894:
9673:
9587:
9333:
9323:
9277:
9272:
9267:
8942:
8870:
8673:
8185:
By Order of the Consistory. London, England: Messrs. Seeleys, 1850.
7726:
Genealogical Publishing Company, Published: 1885, Reprinted: 1998,
6299:
5830:. London: Samson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. pp. 106â107.
4461:
4419:
4108:
3810:
3802:
3775:
3724:
3632:
3425:
3296:
3194:
One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was
2873:
2765:
2636:
2448:
2241:
2088:
2051:
2027:
1972:
1968:
1577:
1561:
1499:
1450:
1445:
1426:
1422:
1398:
1374:
1358:
1345:
in 1685, Huguenots accounted for 800,000 to 1 million people.
1022:
662:
605:
8248:
7776:
The Huguenot Migration in Europe and America, its Cause and Effect
6990:
Ireland's Huguenots and Their Refuge, 1662â1745: An Unlikely Haven
6054:"Protestant Pastor Andre Trocme | The Righteous Among the Nations"
3590:
customs helped facilitate compatibility with the Scottish people.
2825:
of Eastern Pennsylvania and Hunterdon County, New Jersey in 1725.
1971:(d. 202), an early Church father and bishop who was a disciple of
1921:
1779:
1418:
1220:
11838:
11447:
11427:
11284:
11173:
10412:
10342:
10002:
9966:
8966:
8937:
8932:
8421:
7999:
7497:
7014:
Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, ...
6389:
5070:
From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World
4447:
4278:
4255:
3728:
3613:
3599:
3506:
3498:
3414:
3386:
3335:
2666:
2628:
2620:
2604:
2529:
2124:
2031:
2003:(1598). In 1620, persecution was renewed and continued until the
1752:
1708:(Pierre de Vaux). The Waldensians created fortified areas, as in
1503:
1491:
1444:
consider themselves Huguenots. A rural Huguenot community in the
1406:
1386:
1290:
The issue of demographic strength and geographical spread of the
1209:
957:
6557:
Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland
2653:
2266:
1979:
by Huguenotes against Catholics was later on 29 September 1567.
1704:, had been prepared by the 12th-century pre-Protestant reformer
1087:, or "oath fellows", that is, persons bound to each other by an
828:. By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in
10654:
9428:
9348:
9215:
8962:
8811:
8680:
7738:
The Huguenots in America: A Refugee People in New World Society
7472:"444 Years: The Massacre of the Huguenot Christians in America"
6648:
The Huguenots in America: A refugee people in New World society
6533:. Canterbury: Printed for the Huguenot Society of London. p. 3.
5844:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 8.
3894:
3732:
3486:
3482:
3070:
2431:
2420:
2288:
2136:
2055:
1739:
was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the
1554:
1550:
1507:
1470:, and a number of other countries still retain their identity.
1402:
1144:
1014:
829:
8151:
New York: Charles M. Cornwell, Steam Printer, 1869. (186 pdfs)
7964:
Augeron Mickaël, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.,
7953:
Augeron Mickaël, Didier Poton et Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, dir.,
7081:
Tracing Your Huguenot Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians
3750:
1755:
region, sought to join Farel, Calvin and the Reformation, and
1262:
16th-century religious geopolitics on a map of modern France.
11380:
10840:
10779:
10736:
9976:
7695:
7673:
6872:
La dentelle: Histoire, description fabrication, bibliographie
5961:
5893:
5584:, 1907, p. 190: "six or seven hundred Protestants were slain"
3791:
3744:
3739:. Three hundred refugees were granted asylum at the court of
3684:
3410:
3121:
2768:, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as
2532:). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was
2416:
2362:
movement expressed strong animus against Huguenots and other
2128:
2047:
2039:
2035:
1912:
1161:
Reguier de la Plancha accounts for it as follows: "The name
1140:
5666:"This Day in History 1572: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre"
5305:
5129:
converted to it either in the late 1520s or the early 1530s.
4892:
George Lunt, "Huguenot â The origin and meaning of the name"
4178:
for one term in 1851, was a descendent of Huguenot settlers.
3598:
A number of French Huguenots settled in Wales, in the upper
3552:
One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was
2419:
France. André Trocmé preached against discrimination as the
1454:, especially in historical contexts. Huguenot exiles in the
1052:. This action would have fostered relations with the Swiss.
923:, as many of them had occupied important places in society.
720:
7912:
The Massacre of St. Bartholomew: Reappraisals and Documents
6706:
Huguenots in Britain and Their French Background, 1550â1800
4314:
3311:
2685:
launched a second voyage to build a colony; he established
2635:
owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had
2415:. They hid them in secret places or helped them get out of
2412:
2367:
2240:. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the
1799:
1584:, all still retain their beliefs and Huguenot designation.
1088:
769:
726:
7747:, Cambridge & Paris, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
7023:
C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987),
6531:
History of the Walloon & Huguenot Church at Canterbury
6483:"French Huguenots and their descendants genealogy project"
4715:
Gray, Janet G. (1983). "The Origin of the Word Huguenot".
3272:(1553â1558) they were expelled but, with the accession of
2560:
settlers were given land in an area that was later called
1143:, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing
732:
7786:
War, Religion and Service. Huguenot Soldiering, 1685â1713
7629:"The strangers and the canaries â Football Welcomes 2018"
6719:
Proceedings-Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland
5022:"The National Huguenot Society â Who Were the Huguenots?"
4869:, by Association d'humanisme et renaissance, 1958, p. 217
984:
723:
8108:. Revised and corrected second edition. (1737, 302 pdfs)
5434:"L'affaire des placards, la fin de la belle Renaissance"
3993:
are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including:
3955:
In October 1985, to commemorate the tricentenary of the
3208:. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US
2510:
to explain their beliefs. The Portuguese executed them.
2318:
Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries
1139:('supposedly reformed') were said to gather at night at
816:(1491â1532), was in common use by the mid-16th century.
7904:; Part2: Vol. 60, No. 5 (Oct., 1952), pp. 392â411
6325:. The University Press of Kentucky. 1981. p. 160.
5986:
The Revocation of Huguenot Rights to French Citizenship
5880:, ch 24; Bertrand Van Ruymbeke, "Escape from Babylon",
4778:
Estienne, Henri; Ristelhuber, Paul (6 September 1879).
4676:
4674:
4624:
French Immigrants and Pioneers in the Making of America
4523: – German Protestants expelled from the
3766:
In Berlin the Huguenots created two new neighborhoods:
3675:
of 1685) and churches in which to worship (such as the
1995:
of French Protestants (1572). It was the climax of the
10594:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
8014:
7877:
The Edict of Nantes: Five Essays and a New Translation
5339:. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent. p. 3
4310:
of Ireland from 1959 to 1966, was of Huguenot descent.
1893:
along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as
1712:, perhaps attacking an abbey. They were suppressed by
1378:
people, altogether, still remained majority Catholic.
949:
of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.
7827:
Confessional Migration of the Reformed: The Huguenots
7608:"The Strangers who enriched Norwich and Norfolk life"
7292:
6322:
Westward into Kentucky The Narrative of Daniel Trabue
3606:. The community they created there is still known as
3409:
market gardens. The flight of Huguenot refugees from
3322:
hub. Many Walloon and Huguenot families were granted
2354:
In the 1920s and 1930s, members of the extreme-right
1843:
measures seeking to exterminate them. After the 1534
781:
772:
766:
747:
738:
729:
7846:
Society and Culture in the Huguenot World, 1559â1685
7771:(Grosset & Dunlap, 1969), for secondary schools.
7745:
The Huguenots in England. Immigration and Settlement
5476:(New Haven CT: Yale University Press, 2013), 70â71.
4880:
The Huguenots in Florida; Or, The Lily and the Totem
4671:
4415:
4218:
There is a Huguenot society in London, as well as a
3981:
Huguenot legacy persists both in France and abroad.
2312:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789
735:
67:
in Geneva, featuring prominent Reformed theologians
7975:Augeron Mickaël, John de Bry, Annick Notter, dir.,
7161:
7025:
The Huguenots and Ireland: Anatomy of an Emigration
5780:
5778:
5273:
The Word Made Flesh: A History of Christian Thought
5141:membership at the time of its 2013 merger into the
4777:
3648:, marking the first significant historical wave of
3366:âtowns in which there used to be refugee churches.
2184:, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother
1067:a combination of a Dutch and a German word. In the
1057:
The Days of the Upright, A History of the Huguenots
947:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
717:
714:
8142:Charleston, SC: James S. Burgess, 1835. (205 pdfs)
7650:"Paths to Pluralism: South Africa's Early History"
6926:. London: Victoria and Albert Museum. p. 90.
6898:. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. p. 18.
6228:Walker, Eric (1968). "Chapter IV â The Diaspora".
5943:
5284:Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhåsz, Guido Latré (eds)
5250:. New York: Robert Carter & Brothers. p.
4896:New England Historical & Genealogical Register
4042:Four-term Republican United States Representative
3762:of Brandenburg-Prussia welcomes arriving Huguenots
3627:
3570:With the precedent of a historical allianceâââthe
3428:region also eventually settled in the area around
2219:, where they settled, especially in New York, the
8042:Mitterrand's Apology to the Huguenots (in French)
7924:VanRuymbeke, Bertrand and Sparks, Randy J., eds.
6546:. London: John Murray, Albermarle Street. p. 104.
6520:, SĂšte, Les Nouvelles Presses du Languedoc, 2011.
5093:. University of Wisconsin. pp. 47â53, 57â71.
4026:Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
2821:was named. Huguenot refugees also settled in the
1982:
1835:) persecuted the old, pre-Protestant movement of
1574:Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
1442:Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
1389:and even a strip of land that stretched into the
1073:gathered in each other's houses to study secretly
820:was frequently used in reference to those of the
11866:
7859:in England: Its Huguenot History and Collections
7262:, p. 315. University of California Press, 1977.
7179:
6826:. London: Sampson Low, Son and Marston. p.
6271:
5775:
5551:
4104:Huguenot Memorial Park in Jacksonville, Florida.
2829:in New Jersey bears the mark of early settlers.
2584:governors was to integrate the Huguenot and the
851:, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the
641:North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council
27:Historical religious group of French Protestants
8037:Huguenot Society of Great Britain & Ireland
6953:Glassmakers of Stourbridge and Dudley 1612â2002
4782:. Paris I. Liseux – via Internet Archive.
4349:
4168:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
3469:Following the French crown's revocation of the
3330:granted them the whole of the western crypt of
3268:in England in around 1548. During the reign of
3034:, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn
2942:. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of
2502:, and settled on a small island. A fort, named
2475:
2314:, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.
1780:Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church
1273: Contested between Huguenots and Catholics
8211:by John Quick. Volume 2 of 2. (1692, 615 pdfs)
7724:History of the Huguenot Emigration to America.
7582:"The Huguenot Chapel (Black Prince's Chantry)"
6800:Bethnal Green: Settlement and Building to 1836
6776:. Egliseprotestantelondres.org. Archived from
6132:"Welcome to The Huguenot Society of Australia"
5982:
5642:, 4th ed., BCA (HarperCollins), London, p. 178
4601:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 243.
3829:The exodus of Huguenots from France created a
3540:Huguenot District and French Church Street in
3291:Both before and after the 1708 passage of the
11554:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
11253:
10670:
8993:
8264:
7003:Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of London
6242:
6015:Provisional Government of the French Republic
5828:Protestants from France in their English Home
4971:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4546:A History of World Societies, Combined Volume
3536:is located off French Church Street in Cork.
3026:was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was
2694:
685:
636:International Conference of Reformed Churches
7476:CBN.com â The Christian Broadcasting Network
7331:, p. 109. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.
7078:
6869:Seguin, Joseph (1875). J. Rothschild (ed.).
6812:
6810:
6300:"Chronology â French Church du Saint-Esprit"
5932:Religion and Revolution in France, 1780â1804
4850:(February 1877), No. 82 Vol. XIV on p. 126.
4794:"Pollution and Purgation in the Reformation"
4682:Religion and Revolution in France, 1780â1804
4336:Most South African Huguenots settled in the
4016:
4001:
3968:
3677:Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, AngermĂŒnde
3237:
3217:
3095:
2987:
2856:
2751:
2745:
2627:), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron,
2491:
2435:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2375:
2355:
2341:
2327:
2152:
2146:
1855:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1232:is the distinctive emblem of the Huguenots (
1203:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1162:
1148:
1134:
1124:
1107:
1092:
1082:
1076:
1004:
988:
9007:
7928:, U. of South Carolina Press, 2003. 352 pp.
6875:(in French). Paris: J. Rothschild. p.
6572:. Huguenots of Spitalfields. Archived from
5613:. University Press of America. p. 17.
5412:. Editions Jean-paul Gisserot. p. 48.
5405:
5382:
5222:
5161:. University of Wisconsin-Madison. p.
4977:Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set
4837:
4360:. The Huguenots contributed greatly to the
3485:. Significant Huguenot settlements were in
3225:
3112:, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader
2561:
2168:of 300 Protestant families in November 1661
1393:. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in
1326:Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set
998:
10677:
10663:
9000:
8986:
8271:
8257:
6843:
6841:
6245:Ces Français qui ont Fait l'Afrique du Sud
4956:
4846:1560, by Reguier de la Plancha, quoted by
4024:Some French members of the largely German
3741:George William, Duke of Brunswick-LĂŒneburg
2975:they purchased from the British Landgrave
2764:, becoming the first Europeans to live in
2747:L'Ăglise française Ă la Nouvelle-Amsterdam
2728:Barred by the government from settling in
1473:
692:
678:
7540:"Eglise Protestante Française de Londres"
7373:
7220:Stosunki polskoâfrancuskie w toku dziejĂłw
6854:. Olney, Bucks: H.H. Armstrong. pp.
6807:
5788:, Granda Media (Andre Deutsch), Britain,
5786:Two Thousand Years: The Second Millennium
5546:The Huguenots: France, Exile and Diaspora
5452:"18 octobre 1534: l'affaire des placards"
5082:
5080:
5078:
4340:, where they became assimilated into the
4090:, was a settling area in the early 1700s.
3849:Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
3624:, little remains of the French heritage.
2817:, for which the current neighbourhood of
2623:(Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (
2572:for 'French Corner'), in the present-day
2191:
1819:
1546:in North America. A few families went to
1147:. Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560) in his
1033:between the city-state of Geneva and the
8649:
8214:
7886:U. of South Carolina Press, 2006. 396 pp
7854:Murdoch, Tessa, and Randolph Vigne. The
6896:The History of the Honiton Lace Industry
6816:
6633:Robin Gwynn, "England's First Refugees"
5839:
5544:Rebecca Jane McKee, and Randolph Vigne,
5308:"The French Confession of Faith of 1559"
3943:
3936:" by some historians, from 1689 onward.
3796:
3749:
3631:
3453:
3252:
2923:
2774:
2711:
2652:
2343:Ordonnance n° 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945
2265:
2159:
2079:
1986:
1942:
1911:
1664:
1257:
1219:
956:
911:(1685). This ended legal recognition of
10418:Fostering of early experimental science
7844:Mentzer, Raymond A. and Andrew Spicer.
7347:
6838:
6419:"Huguenots | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
6280:. Vol. 44. J.A. Sharp. p. 274
6249:The French People Who Made South Africa
5154:
4867:BibliothĂšque d'humanisme et Renaissance
4649:
3709:Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts
3636:Obelisk commemorating the Huguenots in
3405:, their gardening skills benefited the
2862:dating back more than three centuries.
2258:Persecution of Huguenots under Louis XV
2244:(who were Huguenots of the mountainous
2145:was among the most important of the 66
1572:, French members of the largely German
1348:Huguenots controlled sizeable areas in
1238:). It is now an official symbol of the
14:
11867:
10522:Fundamentalist â Modernist controversy
7811:Johns Hopkins U. Press, 2005. 1058 pp.
6893:
6868:
6847:
6227:
6196:
5962:Great Britain. Foreign Office (1893).
5606:
5175:
5086:
5075:
4710:
4708:
4692:
4690:
4621:
4579:(in French). CSA. 2010. Archived from
4565:
4195:Walloon Settlers Memorial (located in
3509:. Smaller settlements, which included
3293:Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act
2896:. Some settlers landed in present-day
1999:, which were brought to an end by the
1916:Huguenots massacring Catholics in the
1448:that rebelled in 1702 is still called
1397:, and also spread across provinces of
134:Republication of the Covenant of Works
10658:
8981:
8252:
8015:Library for Huguenot History, Germany
7977:Floride, un rĂȘve français (1562â1565)
7329:The Unification of Germany, 1989â1990
6950:
6918:
6596:Stuart and Cromwellian Foreign Policy
6359:. Library of Virginia. Archived from
6171:
5807:The Hutchinson Paperback Encyclopedia
5332:
5275:, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, p. 381
5243:
4997:
4979:, paragraphs "France" and "Huguenots"
4654:. Taylor & Francis. p. 332.
4596:
4543:
4013:Evangelical Reformed Church of France
2950:in 1685, several Huguenots including
2337:produce its effects for the future."
2251:
1593:Number of Reformed members in France
1429:, it continues to be the backbone of
1279: Controlled by Catholic nobility
1267: Controlled by Huguenot nobility
789:
8637:
6774:"French Protestant Church of London"
5762:The Faith: A History of Christianity
4714:
4548:. Bedford/St.Martin's. p. 430.
3671:), granted them special privileges (
3134:Protestant Church in the Netherlands
2705:, who established the settlement of
2607:, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne),
2524:Individual Huguenots settled at the
1298:
967:A term used originally in derision,
930:. By the time of his death in 1774,
928:continued persecution under Louis XV
626:World Communion of Reformed Churches
269:Institutes of the Christian Religion
8948:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
8278:
8073:Huguenots and Jews of the Languedoc
7959:Pour Dieu, la Cause ou les Affaires
7914:(The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1974)
7804:(Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985).
7696:The Huguenot Society of Australia.
7674:The Huguenot Society of Australia.
7099:Combined with what was called the '
7057:, St. Paul's Church, Portarlington.
6977:The Huguenot Settlements in Ireland
6386:Protestant Immigration to Louisiana
6134:. The Huguenot Society of Australia
5699:, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
4705:
4687:
4652:The Collected Works of Ann Yearsley
3888:Inspector General of the Bundeswehr
3385:, London. They established a major
3310:Of the refugees who arrived on the
2853:Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church
2631:(Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). The
2310:in 1787. Two years later, with the
1953:A Huguenot on St. Bartholomew's Day
1889:in 1559, his son succeeded as King
1867:
1490:and London), Protestant-controlled
1315:. After John Calvin introduced the
1307:attracted sizeable portions of the
942:in 1787. Two years later, with the
24:
8825:
7972:, Paris, Les Indes savantes, 2012.
7879:(National Huguenot Society, 1998).
7715:
7282:, p. 44. Osprey Publishing, 2003.
6661:South Carolina Historical Magazine
5494:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Huguenots"
5306:John Calvin, tr. Emily O. Butler.
5143:United Protestant Church of France
4808:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Huguenots"
4220:French Protestant Church of London
4008:United Protestant Church of France
3841:, the North American front of the
3556:(1899â1971), who was appointed as
3371:French Protestant Church of London
3205:Historical and Critical Dictionary
3106:condemning the Spanish Inquisition
3076:
3042:chaplain and spiritual advisor to
2069:
1885:Following the accidental death of
1570:United Protestant Church of France
1438:United Protestant Church of France
983:in his time. It used a derogatory
25:
11921:
8205:. Volume 1 of 2. (1692, 693 pdfs)
8010:The Huguenot Society of Australia
7983:
7921:(2nd ed., 1981) pp. 371â396.
7400:. vie-publique.fr. Archived from
6202:
6177:
6083:United States Department of State
5866:Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
5697:Oxford Encyclopedia World History
5155:Darling, Charles William (1894).
4324:
3957:Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
3295:, an estimated 50,000 Protestant
3280:in 1565. There was a small naval
2880:had promised them land grants in
2803:Huguenot Street Historic District
1681:The availability of the Bible in
1363:Protestant development in Germany
1334:Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
11849:
11848:
11837:
10965:State church of the Roman Empire
10684:
8958:Overseas parts of France proper
7933:South African Historical Journal
7838:, 2012, retrieved: 11 July 2012.
7689:
7667:
7642:
7621:
7600:
7574:
7553:
7532:
7511:
7490:
7464:
7442:
7416:
7390:
7341:
7321:
7301:
7272:
7252:
7234:"Cooperative religion in Quebec"
7226:
7212:
7173:
7155:
7127:massacre of St Bartholomew's Day
7108:
7072:
7060:
7046:
7030:
7017:
7008:
6995:
6982:
6969:
6944:
6912:
6887:
6862:
6792:
6766:
6740:
6724:
6711:
6698:
6685:
6669:
6653:
6640:
6627:
6614:
6444:South African Historical Journal
5607:French, Lawrence Armand (2014).
4474:
4460:
4446:
4432:
4418:
4166:(1806â1898), an early member of
4031:
3915:Federal Minister of the Interior
3899:Lothar von Arnauld de la PeriĂšre
3562:, serving from 1959 until 1966.
3249:History of the Huguenots in Kent
2665:led an expedition that explored
2642:
1786:Criticism of the Catholic Church
1767:state", who were mostly nobles.
762:
710:
668:Reformed Christianity portal
661:
58:
10948:First seven ecumenical councils
8170:as a DLXS file or in hardcover.
8032:The Huguenot Society of America
6677:Histoire Sociale/Social History
6622:Journal of Historical Geography
6601:
6588:
6562:
6549:
6536:
6523:
6500:
6475:
6462:
6449:
6436:
6411:
6402:
6378:
6346:
6313:
6292:
6274:"William Shaw and South Africa"
6265:
6236:
6221:
6206:The French refugees at the Cape
6181:The French refugees at the Cape
6146:
6124:
6097:
6071:
6046:
6021:
5997:
5976:
5970:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
5955:
5937:
5924:
5898:
5870:
5858:
5833:
5820:
5799:
5749:
5736:
5710:
5684:
5658:
5645:
5627:
5600:
5595:Christianity: The One, the Many
5587:
5574:
5538:
5533:Huguenots in Britain and France
5525:
5522:, 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada
5512:
5496:. Newadvent.org. Archived from
5486:
5466:
5444:
5426:
5399:
5376:
5351:
5326:
5299:
5278:
5265:
5237:
5190:
5169:
5148:
5132:
5097:
5063:
5052:
5040:
5014:
4991:
4982:
4926:
4901:
4885:
4872:
4860:
4834:, The National Huguenot Society
4818:
4800:
4786:
4771:
3939:
3666:
3628:Germany, Poland and Scandinavia
3381:. Huguenot refugees flocked to
3314:coast, many gravitated towards
3266:first congregation of Huguenots
3176:, for instance, the village of
2513:
2366:in general, as well as against
2349:
1830:
1689:, for example) by the time the
1568:, most Reformed members of the
1530:. Some fled as refugees to the
1253:
1241:Ăglise des Protestants rĂ©formĂ©s
244:Westminster Confession of Faith
11815:Relations with other religions
11221:Church of the East (Nestorian)
11216:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
10381:Separation of church and state
10050:Formal and material principles
10035:Separation of church and state
7970:Fidélités, racines et mémoires
7893:(U of California Press, 1960).
7426:. 5 March 2016. Archived from
7167:Huguenot influence in Scotland
7054:300 years of the French Church
6851:The Romance of the Lace Pillow
6423:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
5198:"The Sectarized People of God"
4753:
4643:
4615:
4590:
4537:
4490:Bible translations into French
4285:, governess of Prussian kings
4097:in New York City's borough of
3580:Huguenot Influence in Scotland
3377:in 1550. It is now located at
3085:
2797:, and some further upstate in
2109:succeeded to the French throne
2019:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
2013:St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
1993:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1983:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1813:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1330:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1069:Dutch-speaking North of France
926:The remaining Huguenots faced
853:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
146:Logical order of God's decrees
13:
1:
11910:Religion in the Ancien RĂ©gime
10045:Hymnody of continental Europe
9196:Apostles in the New Testament
8020:The National Huguenot Society
7966:Les Huguenots et l'Atlantique
7955:Les Huguenots et l'Atlantique
7836:Institute of European History
7238:Journal of Ecumenical Studies
7222:(in Polish). 1941. p. 3.
5723:Atlas of the Christian Church
5668:. History.com. Archived from
5203:. 12 May 2014. Archived from
5182:. N. TrĂŒbner and Co. p.
4913:The National Huguenot Society
4622:Le Hir, Marie-Pierre (2020).
4362:wine industry in South Africa
4320:was also of Huguenot descent.
4267:as their emblem and nickname.
4052:, is home to the only active
3181:
2679:Parris Island, South Carolina
2673:, and founded the outpost of
2633:wine industry in South Africa
2508:Guanabara Confession of Faith
1907:
1854:; but they called themselves
1542:colonies, and several of the
1357:, as well as the area around
849:Encyclopedia of Protestantism
249:Westminster Shorter Catechism
7947:
7898:Journal of political economy
6399:, accessed 2 September 2011.
6230:A History of Southern Africa
5655:(Heinemann, 2003) pp. 70â71;
5582:A History of the Reformation
5310:. Creeds.net. Archived from
4898:, Boston, 1908/1911, 241â246
4426:Reformed Christianity portal
4368:
4297:
4212:
4101:, straddling Huguenot Avenue
4078:Huguenot-Walloon half dollar
3967:the home of the Huguenots" (
3727:; and 1,500 found refuge in
3701:Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
3532:near the cathedral. Another
3282:Anglo-French War (1627â1629)
3257:Huguenot weavers' houses at
2683:René Goulaine de LaudonniÚre
2476:Early emigration to colonies
2434:in northeast France and the
2295:effectively protected them.
2017:In what became known as the
1285: Lutheran-majority area
1250:(recognition) between them.
952:
254:Westminster Larger Catechism
7:
11522:Views on poverty and wealth
9493:Eastern Orthodox opposition
8961:Migration of minorities in
6693:Immigrants & Minorities
6278:The London Quarterly Review
5944:Sir Thomas Barclay (1888).
5826:Kershaw, Samuel W. (1885).
5746:(Heinemann, 2003) pp. 70â71
5558:Antoine DĂ©gert, "Huguenots"
5288:, Turnhout: Brepols, 2002,
4411:
4003:l'Ăglise RĂ©formĂ©e de France
3878:, the Luftwaffe flying ace
3565:
3010:Eleutherian gunpowder mills
2835:, located in the county of
2580:The official policy of the
1702:Arpitan or Franco-Provençal
1405:. In the south, towns like
1208:(the 'monkeys' or 'apes of
10:
11926:
11905:Huguenot history in France
11885:Anti-Catholicism in France
11767:World Evangelical Alliance
11729:Traditionalist Catholicism
9510:Art patronage of Julius II
7919:Seventeenth Century France
7889:Scoville, Warren Candler.
7498:"Historic Huguenot Street"
7311:, p. 12. Brassey's, 2002.
6975:Grace Lawless Lee (2009),
6955:. Harrogate: Jason Ellis.
6804:Date accessed: 21 May 2008
6748:"The Huguenots in England"
6637:(May 1985) 38#5 pp. 22â28.
6529:Cross, Francis W. (1898).
6470:William and Mary Quarterly
6457:Hudson River Valley Review
6354:"Huguenots in Manakintown"
5805:Upshall, M. (ed.) (1990),
5721:& Evans, G.R. (1987),
5387:. Orange-street-church.org
4495:French Confession of Faith
4372:
4328:
4271:
4230:memorial to the Huguenots.
4123:American Revolutionary War
4050:Charleston, South Carolina
3991:French Protestant churches
3824:
3719:, in the Rhine-Main-Area (
3650:French migration to Poland
3449:
3246:
3242:
2940:Charleston, South Carolina
2933:Charleston, South Carolina
2646:
2517:
2479:
2462:Charleston, South Carolina
2255:
2073:
2010:
1882:and edicts of toleration.
1871:
1783:
1660:
1655:
1544:Dutch and English colonies
896:. The wars ended with the
805:who held to the Reformed (
29:
11832:
11782:
11762:World Council of Churches
11737:
11655:
11539:
11530:
11485:
11270:
11254:
11249:Latter Day Saint movement
11234:
11194:
11094:
11075:
11021:
10978:
10923:
10829:
10808:
10767:
10735:
10692:
10602:
10437:
10356:
10285:
10220:
10142:
10073:
10013:CalvinistâArminian debate
9987:
9754:
9637:
9473:
9364:
9246:
9144:
9033:
9015:
8956:
8925:
8884:
8858:
8660:
8622:
8591:
8555:
8286:
8059:Huguenots of Spitalfields
7994:University College London
7979:, Paris, Illustria, 2012.
7784:and David Onnekink, eds.
7698:"Who were the Huguenots?"
7654:Michigan State University
6288:– via Google Books.
5840:Benedict, Philip (1991).
5569:The Catholic Encyclopedia
5363:www.renaissance-spell.com
5247:The wars of the Huguenots
5139:Reformed Church of France
4825:"Who Were the Huguenots?"
4718:Sixteenth Century Journal
4626:. McFarland. p. 64.
4525:Archbishopric of Salzburg
4331:Huguenots in South Africa
4115:were of Huguenot descent.
4069:In 1924, the US issued a
3998:Reformed Church of France
3984:
3976:
3934:Second Hundred Years' War
3604:Caerphilly County Borough
3479:Williamite War in Ireland
3238:Great Britain and Ireland
3198:. He started teaching in
3061:, British authorities in
2902:Virginia General Assembly
2520:Huguenots in South Africa
2467:
2436:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2278:at Toulouse, 9 March 1762
2064:fled to the Kentish coast
1727:Roman Catholics, such as
1319:in France, the number of
1215:
822:Reformed Church of France
631:World Reformed Fellowship
139:Baptist Covenant Theology
32:Huguenot (disambiguation)
11790:Anti-Christian sentiment
10970:Christian biblical canon
10502:Christian existentialism
8340:Central African Republic
8229:University of Nottingham
8064:
8052:31 December 2010 at the
8000:Historic Huguenot Street
7882:Ruymbeke, Bertrand Van.
7354:American Economic Review
7240:. Goliath. 22 March 2004
7119:" (Volume 60 ed.).
6251:]. C. de Bartillat.
5518:Fischer, David Hackett,
4830:28 December 2017 at the
4699:, 11th ed, Frank Puaux,
4530:
4259:the early 20th century,
4142:New Rochelle High School
4136:, named for the city of
4066:was of Huguenot descent.
4046:was of Huguenot descent.
3923:American Economic Review
3693:Principality of Bayreuth
3681:French Cathedral, Berlin
3593:
3424:Many Huguenots from the
3052:Manakin Episcopal Church
2989:L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit
2970:of Orsement France, and
2911:Huguenot Memorial Bridge
2753:L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit
2703:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2657:Etching of Fort Caroline
2557:Dutch East India Company
391:Friedrich Schleiermacher
11900:French Wars of Religion
11844:Christianity portal
11003:Investiture Controversy
9009:History of Christianity
8168:Making of America Books
8047:Who were the Huguenots?
8025:27 October 2017 at the
7850:excerpt and text search
7832:European History Online
7763:excerpt and text search
7757:Diefendorf, Barbara B.
7005:24 (1983â1988): 221â231
6988:Raymond Hylton (2005),
6848:Wright, Thomas (1919).
6542:Smiles, Samuel (1867).
6395:17 October 2018 at the
5991:Law Library of Congress
5983:Nicolas Boring (2019).
5809:, Arrow Books, London,
5580:Thomas Martin Lindsay,
5333:Tylor, Charles (1892).
5244:Hanna, William (1872).
5087:Calvin, Claude (1945).
4878:William Gilmore Simms,
4697:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4650:Andrews, Kerry (2020).
4544:McKay, John P. (2018).
4356:("French Corner") near
3697:Principality of Ansbach
3522:St. Patrick's Cathedral
3460:Huguenot Cemetery, Cork
3389:industry in and around
3224:, similar to the Dutch
1997:French Wars of Religion
1961:French Wars of Religion
1874:French Wars of Religion
1474:Emigration and diaspora
913:Protestantism in France
882:French Wars of Religion
124:Theology of John Calvin
11795:Christian universalism
11186:Western Rite Orthodoxy
11031:Protestant Reformation
10570:Fourth Great Awakening
10457:Second Great Awakening
9696:Fall of Constantinople
9488:Development of primacy
8166:. Available also from
7900:60.4 (1952): 294â311.
7450:"Huguenot Half Dollar"
7348:Hornung, Erik (2014).
7260:Twelve German Novellas
7143:Cite journal requires
6663:110.1/2 (2009): 6â34.
6243:Bernard Lugan (1996).
5640:Atlas of World History
5563:18 August 2009 at the
5548:(Apollo Books, 2013).
4350:
4185:, and the neighboring
4134:New Rochelle, New York
4084:Frenchtown, New Jersey
4017:
4002:
3969:
3952:
3921:. A 2014 study in the
3913:and the former German
3880:Hans-Joachim Marseille
3806:
3763:
3641:
3602:valley of the current
3466:
3261:
3226:
3218:
3138:House of Orange-Nassau
3096:
3059:Conquest of New France
3004:, a former student of
2988:
2935:
2929:French Huguenot Church
2900:. On 12 May 1705, the
2878:William III of England
2869:settlers of the area.
2857:
2839:on the north shore of
2790:
2752:
2746:
2725:
2695:
2658:
2562:
2548:. The couple left for
2492:
2442:evangelical Protestant
2376:
2356:
2342:
2334:
2328:
2302:, commonly called the
2279:
2209:Edict of Fontainebleau
2192:Edict of Fontainebleau
2169:
2153:
2147:
2104:
2008:
1956:
1924:
1902:Edict of Saint-Germain
1856:
1845:Affair of the Placards
1820:Reformation and growth
1691:Protestant Reformation
1678:
1287:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1125:
1117:Apologie pour HĂ©rodote
1108:
1099:
1093:
1083:
1077:
1005:
999:
989:
977:religiously conflicted
964:
909:Edict of Fontainebleau
888:; her son, the future
867:Edict of Fontainebleau
826:Protestant Reformation
306:Johannes Oecolampadius
11890:Ethnoreligious groups
11453:Anointing of the Sick
10565:Reformed epistemology
10507:Third Great Awakening
10477:Seventh-day Adventist
10398:First Great Awakening
10271:Book of Common Prayer
10065:Protestant work ethic
9608:Independent Catholics
9559:Monastery dissolution
8801:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8737:Franco-Newfoundlander
8376:Republic of the Congo
7875:Parsons, Jotham, ed.
7298:Galland 1954, p. vii.
7280:The Kaiser's Warlords
7079:Kathy Chater (2012).
7069:, Grant Family Online
7043:'s Huguenot Regiments
6951:Ellis, Jason (2002).
6894:Yallop, H.J. (1992).
6734:54.4 (2018): 389â409
6732:Paedagogica Historica
6704:Irene Scouloudi, ed.
6559:27.2 (1999): 189â199.
6472:(1989) 48#2: 252â278.
6459:(2005) 21#2 pp 40â55.
6203:Botha, Colin Graham.
6178:Botha, Colin Graham.
6154:"The Huguenot Refuge"
5725:, Macmillan, London,
5409:The History of France
5271:Margaret Ruth Miles,
5118:Reformation in ZĂŒrich
4975:Hans J. Hillerbrand,
4597:Baofu, Peter (2013).
4505:Industrial Revolution
4395:Huguenot enclaves of
4277:Huguenot refugees in
4222:, founded in 1550 in
4207:Oxford, Massachusetts
4088:Delaware River Valley
4086:, part of the larger
4054:Huguenot congregation
3970:Accueil des Huguenots
3947:
3839:French and Indian War
3800:
3753:
3635:
3457:
3401:) in East London. In
3256:
3185: 2 million
3153:William III of Orange
3130:Dutch Reformed Church
2954:of Suffolk, England,
2927:
2907:Appalachian Mountains
2858:Eglise du St. Esperit
2823:Delaware River Valley
2778:
2715:
2691:Jacksonville, Florida
2656:
2647:Further information:
2534:Maria de la Quellerie
2399:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2380:sought to overthrow.
2324:
2269:
2221:Delaware River Valley
2163:
2083:
1990:
1946:
1915:
1880:political concessions
1761:Calvinistic influence
1751:, then mostly in the
1668:
1514:, the electorates of
1440:and also some in the
1261:
1223:
1159:
1071:, Bible students who
1065:
960:
859:, who instituted the
824:from the time of the
316:Peter Martyr Vermigli
239:Westminster Standards
52:Reformed Christianity
11774:Nondenominationalism
11647:Role in civilization
11114:Independent Catholic
11056:Relations with Islam
11036:Catholic Reformation
10388:Edicts of toleration
10197:Three Forms of Unity
9962:Bohemian Reformation
9535:Catholic Reformation
9392:Roman state religion
9211:Council of Jerusalem
8614:United Arab Emirates
7990:The Huguenot Library
7818:2007 50(2): 309â331,
7774:Gilman, C. Malcolm.
7366:10.1257/aer.104.1.84
7037:The Irish Pensioners
6624:9.4 (1983): 384â395.
6611:8.3 (1976): 219â235.
6446:59.1 (2007): 79â102.
6029:"Anti-Protestantism"
5906:"Le Temple du Rouve"
5796:hardback, pp. ;
5784:Partner, P. (1999),
5742:Alastair Armstrong:
5651:Alastair Armstrong:
5406:Lucien BĂ©ly (2001).
5229:Malcolm D. Lambert,
5122:History of Calvinism
5072:by Catharine Randall
4934:"The Huguenot Cross"
4909:"Cross of Languedoc"
4844:De l'Estat de France
4586:on 6 September 2017.
4521:Salzburg Protestants
4245:Canterbury Cathedral
4239:Huguenot Burial Site
4093:The neighborhood of
4056:in the United States
4044:Howard Homan Buffett
3865:Battle of Tannenberg
3857:Hermann von François
3717:Palatine ZweibrĂŒcken
3705:Duchy of WĂŒrttemberg
3646:Warsaw Confederation
3582:, while sociologist
3332:Canterbury Cathedral
3318:, then the county's
3178:Fraissinet-de-LozĂšre
3144:in South Africa and
2958:of Touraine France,
2919:Huguenot High School
2882:Lower Norfolk County
2780:Jean Hasbrouck House
2756:, now a part of the
2716:Walloon Monument in
2669:and the present-day
2536:, wife of commander
2293:Treaty of Westphalia
2066:among other places.
1895:Mary, Queen of Scots
1824:Early in his reign,
1718:Massacre of MĂ©rindol
1675:massacre of MĂ©rindol
1431:French Protestantism
1383:Languedoc-Roussillon
1303:The new teaching of
1150:De l'Estat de France
975:(died 1532) and the
586:New England theology
571:Mercersburg theology
496:Continental Reformed
222:Heidelberg Catechism
212:Three Forms of Unity
202:Helvetic Confessions
161:Regulative principle
30:For other uses, see
11820:Unlimited atonement
11805:Cultural Christians
11244:Jehovah's Witnesses
10866:Sermon on the Mount
10795:Christian tradition
10722:Lists of Christians
10560:Liberation theology
10467:Jehovah's Witnesses
10300:Radical Reformation
10028:Resistance theories
9915:Christian mysticism
9910:Early Scholasticism
9622:Ecclesial community
9520:Counter-Reformation
9385:Constantinian shift
8235:on 18 February 2020
8005:Huguenot Fellowship
7917:Treasure, G. R. R.
7769:The Edict of Nantes
7588:on 28 November 2018
7258:Steinhauer, Harry.
7163:John Arnold Fleming
6818:Palliser, Mrs. Bury
6721:26 (1997): 564â576.
6390:Teachinghistory.org
6366:on 17 December 2008
6033:museeprotestant.org
5884:2001 20(3): 38â42.
5764:, Pimlico, London,
5672:on 12 February 2010
5472:Geoffrey Treasure,
5286:Tyndale's Testament
5176:Bullen, G. (1877).
5112:ZĂŒrich, Switzerland
5090:The Calvin Families
5028:on 28 December 2017
4944:on 31 December 2010
4938:www.hugenoot.org.za
4767:. 29 February 2024.
4454:Christianity portal
4304:Sean Francis Lemass
4291:Frederick the Great
4287:Frederick William I
4283:Marthe de Roucoulle
4237:is named after the
4187:Chesterfield County
4129:New Paltz, New York
4038:Bayonne, New Jersey
3961:François Mitterrand
3949:François Mitterrand
3886:Lieutenant Colonel/
3782:(Denmark), Berlin,
3658:Brandenburg-Prussia
3576:John Arnold Fleming
3373:was established by
3210:Library of Congress
2972:Jacques de Bordeaux
2898:Chesterfield County
2867:Pennsylvania German
2788:New Paltz, New York
2732:, Huguenots led by
2540:(and daughter of a
2387:, Huguenots led by
2300:Edict of Versailles
2276:broken on the wheel
2174:Huguenot rebellions
1733:University of Paris
1669:Persecution of the
1576:, and the Huguenot
1035:Swiss Confederation
981:Swiss republicanism
936:Edict of Versailles
904:Huguenot rebellions
296:List of theologians
275:Systematic theology
11895:French Protestants
11665:Crusading movement
10933:Ante-Nicene period
10634:Oriental Orthodoxy
10277:King James Version
10089:Ninety-five Theses
9885:Apostolic Brethren
9659:Church of the East
9654:Oriental Orthodoxy
9500:Crusading movement
9020:Early Christianity
8321:French Upper Volta
8221:Words of the World
8179:. (1712, 143 pdfs)
8156:States of America.
8133:. (1807, 120 pdfs)
8125:. (1799, 232 pdfs)
8117:. (1772, 256 pdfs)
8100:. (1713, 160 pdfs)
7816:Historical Journal
7750:Davis, Stephen M.
7743:Cottret, Bernard,
7722:Baird, Charles W.
7327:Leiby, Richard A.
7117:The Scots Magazine
6695:4.3 (1985): 68â81.
5772:paperback, p. 456;
5535:(Springer, 1987).
5108:Reformed tradition
4998:Gwynn, R. (1985).
4765:www.britannica.com
4684:(2000) pp. 245â250
4233:Huguenot Place in
4183:Richmond, Virginia
4158:Arthur C. Mellette
4107:The early leaders
4021:), founded in 1938
3953:
3919:Thomas de MaiziĂšre
3911:Lothar de MaiziĂšre
3891:Ulrich de MaiziĂšre
3859:, the hero of the
3807:
3764:
3758:, 1885: The Great
3642:
3467:
3432:in the modern-day
3305:transubstantiation
3262:
3161:League of Augsburg
3148:in North America.
3114:Gaspard de Coligny
3102:William the Silent
3057:After the British
3008:, established the
2962:of Dieppe France,
2936:
2791:
2726:
2659:
2494:France Antarctique
2482:France Antarctique
2453:French Australians
2395:in the village of
2304:Edict of Tolerance
2280:
2252:End of persecution
2170:
2105:
2101:Toussaint Dubreuil
2009:
1957:
1925:
1695:Guyard des Moulins
1679:
1371:widely distributed
1321:French Protestants
1292:Reformed tradition
1288:
1226:
1224:The Huguenot cross
1136:prétendus réformés
1091:. Gallicised into
1047:zealously Catholic
965:
601:Princeton theology
441:H. Richard Niebuhr
351:Franciscus Gomarus
321:Heinrich Bullinger
261:Barmen Declaration
11862:
11861:
11828:
11827:
11756:Charta Oecumenica
11266:
11265:
11256:Iglesia ni Cristo
11071:
11070:
11051:French Revolution
11041:Thirty Years' War
10913:Apostolic fathers
10881:Great Commandment
10652:
10651:
10629:Eastern Orthodoxy
10497:Finnish Awakening
10452:Holiness movement
10393:Congregationalism
10352:
10351:
10212:Metrical psalters
9649:Eastern Orthodoxy
9593:Neo-Scholasticism
9300:Canon development
9201:Jewish Christians
8975:
8974:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8828:
8821:
8814:
8760:
8753:
8746:
8739:
8732:
8725:
8718:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8653:
8641:
8531:
8489:
8435:
8393:French Somaliland
8231:). Archived from
8193:. (1845, 26 pdfs)
7935:2007 (59): 79â102
7871:978-0-9524322-7-2
7822:Lotz-Heumann, Ute
7732:978-0-8063-0554-7
6384:Gevinson, Alan. "
6058:www.yadvashem.org
5882:Christian History
5733:hardback, p. 113;
5707:hardback, p. 585;
5531:Irene Scouloudi,
5520:Champlain's Dream
5500:on 18 August 2009
5440:on 18 March 2010.
5383:margaret kilner.
4812:www.newadvent.org
4516:List of Huguenots
4405:French Australian
4393:London's East End
4375:French Australian
4261:Norwich City F.C.
4064:State of Franklin
3723:), in modern-day
3662:Frederick William
3534:Huguenot cemetery
3526:Huguenot cemetery
3475:William of Orange
3440:Winston Churchill
3142:Cape of Good Hope
3110:Louise de Coligny
3067:Roman Catholicism
3044:George Washington
3040:Revolutionary War
2888:village known as
2876:, where the King
2841:Long Island Sound
2586:Dutch communities
2552:ten years later.
2526:Cape of Good Hope
2411:helped save many
2329:naturels français
2291:, where the 1648
2262:French Revolution
2238:Holy Roman Empire
2230:Frederick William
2217:Thirteen Colonies
2005:French Revolution
1965:Massacre of Vassy
1741:Swiss Reformation
1653:
1652:
1536:Dutch East Indies
1532:Dutch Cape Colony
1524:Holy Roman Empire
1484:England and Wales
1299:Links to nobility
1205:les guenon de Hus
874:Kingdom of France
791:[yÉĄ(É)no]
702:
701:
471:Donald G. Bloesch
451:Cornelius Van Til
366:Samuel Rutherford
336:Zacharias Ursinus
217:Belgic Confession
207:French Confession
129:Covenant theology
16:(Redirected from
11917:
11880:Huguenot history
11852:
11851:
11842:
11841:
11685:Environmentalism
11635:Church buildings
11537:
11536:
11352:Eastern Orthodox
11347:Eastern Catholic
11259:
11258:
11226:Eastern Catholic
11204:Eastern Orthodox
11092:
11091:
11013:Age of Discovery
10998:EastâWest Schism
10896:Great Commission
10827:
10826:
10679:
10672:
10665:
10656:
10655:
10071:
10070:
9458:Non-Chalcedonian
9439:Constantinople I
9231:General epistles
9226:Pauline epistles
9206:Paul the Apostle
9184:Great Commission
9002:
8995:
8988:
8979:
8978:
8845:
8838:
8831:
8824:
8819:French Canadians
8817:
8810:
8756:
8749:
8744:Franco-Yukonnais
8742:
8735:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8709:Franco-Manitoban
8707:
8702:Franco-Columbian
8700:
8695:Franco-Albertans
8693:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8647:
8635:
8525:
8483:
8429:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8250:
8249:
8244:
8242:
8240:
8164:Internet Archive
7938:Wolfe, Michael.
7800:Gwynn, Robin D.
7797:(Brighton, 2002)
7792:Glozier, Matthew
7782:Glozier, Matthew
7767:Gerson, Noel B.
7709:
7708:
7706:
7704:
7693:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7682:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7660:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7625:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7584:. Archived from
7578:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7536:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7525:
7515:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7377:
7345:
7339:
7325:
7319:
7305:
7299:
7296:
7290:
7276:
7270:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7181:Abraham Lavender
7177:
7171:
7170:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7146:
7141:
7139:
7131:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7076:
7070:
7064:
7058:
7050:
7044:
7034:
7028:
7021:
7015:
7012:
7006:
6999:
6993:
6986:
6980:
6973:
6967:
6966:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6845:
6836:
6835:
6814:
6805:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6754:. 28 August 2008
6744:
6738:
6728:
6722:
6715:
6709:
6702:
6696:
6689:
6683:
6673:
6667:
6657:
6651:
6644:
6638:
6631:
6625:
6618:
6612:
6605:
6599:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6576:on 23 March 2017
6566:
6560:
6553:
6547:
6540:
6534:
6527:
6521:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6487:geni_family_tree
6479:
6473:
6466:
6460:
6453:
6447:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6415:
6409:
6406:
6400:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6365:
6358:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6317:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6296:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6158:Musée protestant
6150:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6139:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6101:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6085:. 1 January 2004
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5941:
5935:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5908:. Archived from
5902:
5896:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5837:
5831:
5824:
5818:
5803:
5797:
5782:
5773:
5759:
5753:
5747:
5744:France 1500â1715
5740:
5734:
5720:
5714:
5708:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5662:
5656:
5653:France 1500â1715
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5604:
5598:
5591:
5585:
5578:
5572:
5555:
5549:
5542:
5536:
5529:
5523:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5490:
5484:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5448:
5442:
5441:
5436:. Archived from
5430:
5424:
5423:
5403:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5380:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5303:
5297:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5241:
5235:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5209:
5202:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5152:
5146:
5136:
5130:
5104:Huldrych Zwingli
5101:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5024:. Archived from
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4973:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4940:. Archived from
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4905:
4899:
4889:
4883:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4856:Internet Archive
4852:The Cape Monthly
4848:The Cape Monthly
4841:
4835:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4796:. 11 April 2017.
4790:
4784:
4783:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4712:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4578:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4541:
4500:Guillebeau House
4484:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4386:Charles La Trobe
4355:
4176:Utah Legislature
4174:and part of the
4172:Council of Fifty
4170:, member of the
4076:, known as the "
4020:
4005:
3972:
3843:Seven Years' War
3790:, Helsinki, and
3673:Edict of Potsdam
3670:
3669: 1649â1688
3668:
3622:Fleur De Lys RFC
3584:Abraham Lavender
3347:weavers' windows
3229:
3223:
3186:
3183:
3166:Walloon churches
3126:Walloon churches
3099:
3036:Thomas Jefferson
2994:Episcopal Church
2991:
2977:Edmund Bellinger
2968:Antoine Poitevin
2894:Goochland County
2860:
2758:Episcopal Church
2755:
2749:
2700:
2582:Dutch East India
2567:
2538:Jan van Riebeeck
2497:
2439:
2438:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2379:
2377:Action Française
2361:
2358:Action Française
2345:
2331:
2224:"new converts".
2186:Marie de' Medici
2156:
2150:
2148:villes de sûreté
2091:vanquishing the
1868:Wars of religion
1859:
1834:
1833: 1515â1547
1832:
1641:100,000 or less
1587:
1586:
1528:Duchy of Prussia
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1207:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1166:
1155:The Cape Monthly
1152:
1138:
1128:
1111:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1010:
1002:
992:
894:princes of Condé
793:
788:
779:
778:
775:
774:
771:
768:
761:
750:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
694:
687:
680:
666:
665:
523:Reformed Baptist
446:Reinhold Niebuhr
386:Jonathan Edwards
376:Francis Turretin
301:Huldrych Zwingli
280:Metrical psalter
234:Scots Confession
65:Reformation Wall
62:
39:
38:
21:
18:French Huguenots
11925:
11924:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11915:
11914:
11865:
11864:
11863:
11858:
11836:
11824:
11778:
11733:
11651:
11532:
11526:
11481:
11406:One true church
11262:
11230:
11190:
11079:
11067:
11017:
10974:
10919:
10846:in Christianity
10832:
10818:
10812:
10804:
10763:
10739:
10731:
10688:
10683:
10653:
10648:
10598:
10585:Christian right
10487:Oxford Movement
10462:Restorationists
10433:
10348:
10281:
10216:
10167:Presbyterianism
10138:
10118:Book of Concord
10069:
9993:
9991:
9983:
9750:
9640:
9633:
9469:
9368:
9360:
9319:Clement of Rome
9249:
9242:
9146:
9140:
9029:
9011:
9006:
8976:
8971:
8959:
8952:
8921:
8880:
8854:
8771:French Antilles
8723:Franco-Ontarian
8716:Franco-Nunavois
8656:
8618:
8587:
8551:
8540:French Togoland
8498:Colony of Niger
8333:French Cameroon
8282:
8280:French diaspora
8277:
8247:
8238:
8236:
8067:
8054:Wayback Machine
8027:Wayback Machine
7986:
7950:
7945:
7910:Soman, Alfred.
7857:French Hospital
7718:
7716:Further reading
7713:
7712:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7690:
7680:
7678:
7676:"Famous people"
7672:
7668:
7658:
7656:
7648:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7622:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7591:
7589:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7554:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7516:
7512:
7502:
7500:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7481:
7479:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7455:
7453:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7433:
7431:
7430:on 5 March 2016
7422:
7421:
7417:
7407:
7405:
7404:on 30 June 2015
7396:
7395:
7391:
7346:
7342:
7326:
7322:
7307:Miller, David.
7306:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7278:Pawly, Ronald.
7277:
7273:
7257:
7253:
7243:
7241:
7232:
7231:
7227:
7218:
7217:
7213:
7199:
7178:
7174:
7169:. W. Maclellan.
7160:
7156:
7144:
7142:
7133:
7132:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7095:
7085:Pen & Sword
7077:
7073:
7065:
7061:
7051:
7047:
7035:
7031:
7022:
7018:
7013:
7009:
7000:
6996:
6987:
6983:
6974:
6970:
6963:
6949:
6945:
6934:
6924:Lace, A History
6917:
6913:
6906:
6892:
6888:
6867:
6863:
6846:
6839:
6823:History of Lace
6815:
6808:
6797:
6793:
6783:
6781:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6746:
6745:
6741:
6729:
6725:
6716:
6712:
6703:
6699:
6690:
6686:
6674:
6670:
6658:
6654:
6645:
6641:
6632:
6628:
6619:
6615:
6606:
6602:
6593:
6589:
6579:
6577:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6554:
6550:
6541:
6537:
6528:
6524:
6506:Ghislain Baury,
6505:
6501:
6491:
6489:
6481:
6480:
6476:
6467:
6463:
6454:
6450:
6441:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6397:Wayback Machine
6383:
6379:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6304:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6293:
6283:
6281:
6270:
6266:
6259:
6241:
6237:
6226:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6201:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6137:
6135:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6115:
6113:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6088:
6086:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6062:
6060:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6037:
6035:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5981:
5977:
5960:
5956:
5951:. pp. 23â.
5942:
5938:
5934:(2000) pp 61â72
5929:
5925:
5915:
5913:
5912:on 16 July 2013
5904:
5903:
5899:
5875:
5871:
5864:see article: â
5863:
5859:
5852:
5838:
5834:
5825:
5821:
5804:
5800:
5783:
5776:
5755:
5754:
5750:
5741:
5737:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5650:
5646:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5605:
5601:
5592:
5588:
5579:
5575:
5565:Wayback Machine
5556:
5552:
5543:
5539:
5530:
5526:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5501:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5471:
5467:
5457:
5455:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5404:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5381:
5377:
5367:
5365:
5359:"The Huguenots"
5357:
5356:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5331:
5327:
5317:
5315:
5314:on 3 March 2018
5304:
5300:
5283:
5279:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5242:
5238:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5174:
5170:
5153:
5149:
5137:
5133:
5102:
5098:
5085:
5076:
5068:
5064:
5057:
5053:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
5002:. History Today
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4974:
4957:
4947:
4945:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4907:
4906:
4902:
4890:
4886:
4877:
4873:
4865:
4861:
4842:
4838:
4832:Wayback Machine
4823:
4819:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4776:
4772:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4731:10.2307/2540193
4713:
4706:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4672:
4662:
4648:
4644:
4634:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4595:
4591:
4583:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4556:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4468:Religion portal
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4414:
4377:
4371:
4333:
4327:
4300:
4274:
4252:Strangers' Hall
4215:
4201:Jessé de Forest
4164:Charles Shumway
4034:
3987:
3979:
3942:
3903:Wilhelm Souchon
3861:First World War
3853:Theodor Fontane
3827:
3665:
3630:
3596:
3568:
3471:Edict of Nantes
3452:
3251:
3245:
3240:
3184:
3088:
3079:
3077:Spoken language
2984:Huguenot Church
2964:Alexander Pepin
2948:Edict of Nantes
2815:New York Harbor
2784:Huguenot Street
2734:Jessé de Forest
2724:, New York City
2689:in what is now
2671:Southeastern US
2651:
2645:
2522:
2516:
2488:
2478:
2470:
2352:
2320:
2264:
2254:
2194:
2164:Expulsion from
2154:ville de sûreté
2117:Edict of Nantes
2097:Catholic League
2078:
2076:Edict of Nantes
2072:
2070:Edict of Nantes
2015:
2001:Edict of Nantes
1985:
1963:began with the
1938:House of Valois
1910:
1876:
1870:
1829:
1822:
1788:
1782:
1729:Jacques Lefevre
1716:in 1545 in the
1663:
1658:
1580:in England and
1496:Channel Islands
1476:
1425:. Inhabited by
1343:Edict of Nantes
1301:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1235:croix huguenote
1218:
1171:le moine bourré
1029:. It sought an
973:Besançon Hugues
955:
898:Edict of Nantes
886:Jeanne d'Albret
814:Besançon Hugues
796:religious group
786:
765:
756:
755:
748:
713:
709:
698:
660:
646:
645:
621:
611:
610:
566:Marrow Brethren
541:
533:
532:
491:
481:
480:
461:JĂŒrgen Moltmann
346:William Perkins
293:
285:
284:
184:
176:
175:
119:
111:
110:
91:
83:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11923:
11913:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11856:
11846:
11833:
11830:
11829:
11826:
11825:
11823:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11797:
11792:
11786:
11784:
11780:
11779:
11777:
11776:
11771:
11770:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11747:
11741:
11739:
11735:
11734:
11732:
11731:
11726:
11721:
11716:
11711:
11702:
11697:
11695:Fundamentalism
11692:
11690:Existentialism
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11661:
11659:
11653:
11652:
11650:
11649:
11644:
11643:
11642:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11601:
11600:
11590:
11589:
11588:
11583:
11581:God the Father
11578:
11573:
11568:
11558:
11557:
11556:
11545:
11543:
11534:
11528:
11527:
11525:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11513:
11512:
11502:
11497:
11491:
11489:
11483:
11482:
11480:
11479:
11478:
11477:
11467:
11462:
11461:
11460:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11420:
11419:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11401:Body of Christ
11398:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11377:
11376:
11366:
11361:
11360:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11303:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11276:
11274:
11268:
11267:
11264:
11263:
11261:
11260:
11251:
11246:
11240:
11238:
11236:Restorationist
11232:
11231:
11229:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11200:
11198:
11192:
11191:
11189:
11188:
11183:
11182:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11100:
11098:
11089:
11073:
11072:
11069:
11068:
11066:
11065:
11064:
11063:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11027:
11025:
11019:
11018:
11016:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10984:
10982:
10976:
10975:
10973:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10961:
10960:
10955:
10945:
10940:
10938:Late antiquity
10935:
10929:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10918:
10917:
10916:
10915:
10908:Church fathers
10905:
10900:
10899:
10898:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10873:
10868:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10837:
10835:
10824:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10771:
10769:
10765:
10764:
10762:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10745:
10743:
10733:
10732:
10730:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10682:
10681:
10674:
10667:
10659:
10650:
10649:
10647:
10646:
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10614:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10597:
10596:
10591:
10582:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10550:Pentecostalism
10547:
10545:Jesus movement
10542:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10443:
10441:
10435:
10434:
10432:
10431:
10422:
10421:
10420:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10384:
10383:
10373:
10368:
10362:
10360:
10354:
10353:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10339:
10336:Martyrs Mirror
10332:
10327:
10322:
10320:Martyrs' Synod
10317:
10312:
10310:Swiss Brethren
10307:
10302:
10297:
10291:
10289:
10283:
10282:
10280:
10279:
10274:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10226:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10148:
10146:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10114:
10109:
10108:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10079:
10077:
10068:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10055:Law and Gospel
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10031:
10030:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9999:
9997:
9985:
9984:
9982:
9981:
9980:
9979:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9943:
9942:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9810:
9809:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9760:
9758:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9736:Ottoman Empire
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9687:
9686:
9681:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9645:
9643:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9625:
9624:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9550:
9549:
9548:
9547:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9496:
9495:
9490:
9479:
9477:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9467:
9465:Biblical canon
9462:
9461:
9460:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9420:
9419:
9414:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9388:
9387:
9376:
9374:
9366:Late antiquity
9362:
9361:
9359:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9314:Church Fathers
9307:
9302:
9297:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9254:
9252:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9156:
9150:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9037:
9035:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9005:
9004:
8997:
8990:
8982:
8973:
8972:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8923:
8922:
8920:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8879:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8862:
8860:
8856:
8855:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8850:
8843:
8836:
8829:
8822:
8815:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8754:
8747:
8740:
8733:
8726:
8719:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8691:
8684:
8677:
8664:
8662:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8645:United Kingdom
8642:
8632:
8626:
8624:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8549:
8544:
8543:
8542:
8532:
8520:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8490:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8436:
8432:White Ghanaian
8426:
8425:
8424:
8419:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8369:French Comoros
8361:
8360:
8359:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8325:
8324:
8323:
8313:
8312:
8311:
8309:French Dahomey
8301:
8296:
8290:
8288:
8284:
8283:
8276:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8253:
8246:
8245:
8215:Judith Still.
8212:
8206:
8194:
8186:
8180:
8171:
8152:
8143:
8134:
8126:
8118:
8109:
8101:
8093:
8085:
8077:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7985:
7984:External links
7982:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7962:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7943:
7936:
7929:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7873:
7852:
7842:
7839:
7819:
7812:
7805:
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7779:
7772:
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7755:
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7741:
7734:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7688:
7666:
7641:
7620:
7599:
7573:
7552:
7531:
7510:
7489:
7463:
7441:
7415:
7389:
7340:
7320:
7300:
7291:
7271:
7251:
7225:
7211:
7198:978-0820411361
7197:
7172:
7154:
7145:|journal=
7107:
7094:978-1848846104
7093:
7071:
7059:
7045:
7029:
7016:
7007:
6994:
6981:
6968:
6961:
6943:
6932:
6920:Levey, Santina
6911:
6904:
6886:
6861:
6837:
6806:
6791:
6780:on 17 May 2009
6765:
6739:
6723:
6710:
6697:
6684:
6679:16.31 (1983).
6668:
6652:
6639:
6626:
6613:
6600:
6598:(1974) p. 156.
6594:G.M.D. Howat,
6587:
6561:
6548:
6535:
6522:
6499:
6474:
6461:
6448:
6435:
6410:
6401:
6377:
6345:
6331:
6312:
6291:
6264:
6257:
6235:
6220:
6195:
6170:
6145:
6123:
6096:
6070:
6045:
6020:
5996:
5975:
5954:
5936:
5923:
5897:
5869:
5857:
5850:
5832:
5819:
5798:
5774:
5748:
5735:
5709:
5695:(ed.) (1998),
5683:
5657:
5644:
5638:(ed.) (1994),
5626:
5620:978-0761867760
5619:
5599:
5597:(2008) p. 104
5586:
5573:
5550:
5537:
5524:
5511:
5485:
5465:
5454:. Herodote.net
5443:
5425:
5418:
5398:
5375:
5350:
5325:
5298:
5277:
5264:
5236:
5221:
5210:on 12 May 2014
5189:
5168:
5147:
5131:
5096:
5074:
5062:
5051:
5039:
5013:
4990:
4981:
4955:
4925:
4900:
4884:
4882:, 1854, p. 470
4871:
4859:
4836:
4817:
4799:
4785:
4770:
4752:
4725:(3): 349â359.
4704:
4686:
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4607:
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4527:
4518:
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4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4482:History portal
4471:
4457:
4443:
4429:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4389:
4373:Main article:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4329:Main article:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4318:Samuel Beckett
4311:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4249:
4242:
4231:
4227:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4193:
4190:
4179:
4161:
4155:
4145:
4131:
4126:
4119:Francis Marion
4116:
4105:
4102:
4091:
4081:
4067:
4057:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4010:
3986:
3983:
3978:
3975:
3941:
3938:
3893:and the famed
3826:
3823:
3819:Bad Karlshafen
3772:Friedrichstadt
3768:Dorotheenstadt
3760:Prince-elector
3756:Johannes Boese
3713:the Palatinate
3629:
3626:
3595:
3592:
3567:
3564:
3546:D'Olier Street
3530:Cabbage Garden
3451:
3448:
3444:Leonard Jerome
3395:Petticoat Lane
3338:chapel of the
3286:South Carolina
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3157:King Louis XIV
3146:New Netherland
3087:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3048:Francis Marion
2738:New Netherland
2644:
2641:
2542:Walloon church
2518:Main article:
2515:
2512:
2500:Rio de Janeiro
2486:French Florida
2477:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2351:
2348:
2319:
2316:
2253:
2250:
2246:Massif Central
2193:
2190:
2093:Lernaean Hydra
2074:Main article:
2071:
2068:
2011:Main article:
1984:
1981:
1909:
1906:
1872:Main article:
1869:
1866:
1821:
1818:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1687:Avignon Papacy
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1520:the Palatinate
1480:Dutch Republic
1475:
1472:
1456:United Kingdom
1369:writings were
1355:Massif Central
1300:
1297:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1252:
1247:reconnaissance
1230:Huguenot cross
1217:
1214:
1174:; at Orléans,
1121:Henri Estienne
1050:House of Guise
993:by way of the
962:Huguenot cross
954:
951:
840:, were mainly
700:
699:
697:
696:
689:
682:
674:
671:
670:
648:
647:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
622:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
556:Federal Vision
553:
548:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
525:
520:
518:Congregational
515:
514:
513:
508:
498:
492:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
476:Michael Horton
473:
468:
463:
458:
456:T. F. Torrance
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
431:Geerhardus Vos
428:
423:
421:B. B. Warfield
418:
416:Herman Bavinck
413:
411:Abraham Kuyper
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
381:Richard Baxter
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
356:William Twisse
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
277:
272:
265:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
236:
231:
230:
229:
227:Canons of Dort
224:
219:
209:
204:
194:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
168:
166:Predestination
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
142:
141:
136:
126:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:
103:
98:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11922:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11872:
11870:
11855:
11847:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11834:
11831:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11791:
11788:
11787:
11785:
11781:
11775:
11772:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11757:
11753:
11752:
11751:
11748:
11746:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11736:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11662:
11660:
11658:
11654:
11648:
11645:
11641:
11638:
11637:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11630:Popular piety
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11599:
11596:
11595:
11594:
11591:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11562:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11551:
11550:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11538:
11535:
11529:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11511:
11508:
11507:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11484:
11476:
11473:
11472:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11459:
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11425:
11424:
11421:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11411:People of God
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11393:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
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11078:
11077:Denominations
11074:
11062:
11059:
11058:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11046:Enlightenment
11044:
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10759:New Testament
10757:
10755:
10754:Old Testament
10752:
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10680:
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10673:
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10657:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10639:Protestantism
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
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10625:
10622:
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10609:
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10515:
10513:
10512:Azusa Revival
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10492:Laestadianism
10490:
10488:
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10483:
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10478:
10475:
10473:
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10468:
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10463:
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10458:
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10448:
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10429:Old Lutherans
10426:
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10409:
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10095:Diet of Worms
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10004:
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10000:
9998:
9996:
9995:Protestantism
9990:
9986:
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9781:
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9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9757:
9753:
9747:
9746:North America
9744:
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9386:
9383:
9382:
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9378:
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9375:
9372:
9367:
9363:
9357:
9356:Early African
9354:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9339:Justin Martyr
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
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9182:
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9177:
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9167:
9165:
9162:
9161:
9160:
9159:Life of Jesus
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:Apostolic Age
9143:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
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9059:
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9039:
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9018:
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8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8885:South America
8883:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8871:New Caledonia
8869:
8867:
8864:
8863:
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8857:
8848:
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8837:
8834:
8830:
8827:
8823:
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8816:
8813:
8809:
8808:
8807:
8806:United States
8804:
8802:
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8792:
8789:
8787:
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8782:
8779:
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8769:
8767:
8764:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8748:
8745:
8741:
8738:
8734:
8731:
8730:Franco-TĂ©nois
8727:
8724:
8720:
8717:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8692:
8689:
8685:
8682:
8678:
8675:
8671:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8661:North America
8659:
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8643:
8639:
8633:
8631:
8628:
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8625:
8621:
8615:
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8477:
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8472:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8449:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
8447:
8443:
8442:French Guinea
8440:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8427:
8423:
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8410:
8406:
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7923:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7907:
7906:online part 2
7903:
7902:part I online
7899:
7895:
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7888:
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7843:
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7823:
7820:
7817:
7813:
7810:
7807:Kamil, Neil.
7806:
7803:
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7773:
7770:
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7756:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7736:Butler, Jon.
7735:
7733:
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7725:
7721:
7720:
7699:
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7677:
7670:
7655:
7651:
7645:
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7603:
7587:
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7535:
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7499:
7493:
7478:. 2 July 2008
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7363:
7360:(1): 84â122.
7359:
7355:
7351:
7344:
7338:
7337:0-313-29969-2
7334:
7330:
7324:
7318:
7317:1-57488-463-8
7314:
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7288:1-84176-558-9
7285:
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7268:0-520-03002-8
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7104:
7102:
7101:Auld Alliance
7096:
7090:
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7068:
7067:Portarlington
7063:
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6962:1-4010-6799-9
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6753:
6752:The Economist
6749:
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6694:
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6666:
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6649:
6643:
6636:
6635:History Today
6630:
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6332:9780813149264
6328:
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6260:
6258:2-84100-086-9
6254:
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6000:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5979:
5972:. p. 47.
5971:
5967:
5966:
5958:
5950:
5949:
5940:
5933:
5930:Nigel Aston,
5927:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5853:
5851:0-87169-815-3
5847:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5823:
5816:
5815:0-09-978200-6
5812:
5808:
5802:
5795:
5794:0-233-99666-4
5791:
5787:
5781:
5779:
5771:
5770:0-7126-0720-X
5767:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5745:
5739:
5732:
5731:0-333-44157-5
5728:
5724:
5719:
5713:
5706:
5705:0-19-860223-5
5702:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5654:
5648:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5622:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5603:
5596:
5593:John F. Nash
5590:
5583:
5577:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5554:
5547:
5541:
5534:
5528:
5521:
5515:
5499:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5482:9780300196191
5479:
5475:
5474:The Huguenots
5469:
5453:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5421:
5419:9782877475631
5415:
5411:
5410:
5402:
5386:
5379:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5338:
5337:
5329:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5296:, pp. 130â135
5295:
5294:2-503-51411-1
5291:
5287:
5281:
5274:
5268:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5240:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5206:
5199:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5151:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5092:
5091:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5055:
5048:
5043:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5001:
4994:
4985:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4854: at the
4853:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4821:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4795:
4789:
4781:
4774:
4766:
4762:
4756:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4711:
4709:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4663:
4661:9781000743791
4657:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4635:
4633:9781476684420
4629:
4625:
4618:
4610:
4608:9781443844871
4604:
4600:
4593:
4582:
4574:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4555:9781319058951
4551:
4547:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4510:Les Huguenots
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4449:
4444:
4441:
4440:France portal
4430:
4427:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4402:
4401:Bethnal Green
4398:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4382:Jane Franklin
4379:
4378:
4376:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4099:Staten Island
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:commemorative
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4032:United States
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3982:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3876:Adolf Galland
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3804:
3801:Tenements in
3799:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3639:
3634:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:Ystrad Mynach
3615:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3572:Auld Alliance
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3495:Portarlington
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3464:Cork, Munster
3461:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:West Midlands
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3375:Royal Charter
3372:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3351:half-timbered
3348:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3307:during Mass.
3306:
3302:
3301:Andrew Lortie
3298:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:Sint Nicolaas
3222:
3221:
3220:Saint Nicolas
3215:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:Henry Laurens
3025:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:Howard Hughes
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2849:Jacob Leisler
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:Staten Island
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:Newtown Creek
2759:
2754:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2707:St. Augustine
2704:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2687:Fort Caroline
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2650:
2649:Fort Caroline
2643:North America
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2425:the Holocaust
2422:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2270:The death of
2268:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2157:was no more.
2155:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1827:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1737:William Farel
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1553:and Catholic
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1486:(prominently
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:United States
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1375:could be read
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1293:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:le Roy Huguet
1184:
1183:le loup garon
1178:
1177:le mulet odet
1172:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1131:Hugh of Tours
1127:
1126:le roi Huguet
1122:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:Huis Genooten
1074:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1059:(1965), that
1058:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Duke of Savoy
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
959:
950:
948:
945:
944:Revolutionary
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
792:
784:
783:
777:
759:
753:
752:
743:
707:
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
676:
675:
673:
672:
669:
664:
659:
658:
657:Protestantism
654:
650:
649:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:Organizations
615:
614:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:New Calvinism
589:
587:
584:
582:
581:Neo-Calvinism
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
537:
536:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
512:
511:United States
509:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:Denominations
485:
484:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
406:Charles Hodge
404:
402:
399:
397:
396:Philip Schaff
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
361:Moses Amyraut
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
341:Theodore Beza
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
289:
288:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
235:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
188:
187:List of texts
180:
179:
172:
171:Scholasticism
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
156:Lord's Supper
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
115:
114:
107:
106:Protestantism
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
93:
87:
86:
82:
78:
77:Theodore Beza
74:
70:
69:William Farel
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
11754:
11549:Architecture
11443:Confirmation
11391:Ecclesiology
11322:Original sin
11312:Nicene Creed
11109:Old Catholic
10993:Papal States
10925:Great Church
10891:Resurrection
10833:Christianity
10790:New Covenant
10741:(Scriptures)
10686:Christianity
10555:Charismatics
10538:
10517:Gospel music
10447:Camp meeting
10439:1789âpresent
10371:Missionaries
10341:
10334:
10325:Menno Simons
10269:
10265:Church music
10161:
10116:
10087:
9972:Conciliarism
9957:Papal Schism
9799:Scandinavian
9691:Great Schism
9669:Nestorianism
9641:Christianity
9573:priest holes
9454:Chalcedonian
9417:Christianity
9371:Great Church
9179:Resurrection
8960:
8634:Netherlands
8523:South Africa
8464:French Sudan
8417:James Island
8405:French Gabon
8345:Ubangi-Shari
8316:Burkina Faso
8237:. Retrieved
8233:the original
8220:
8197:
8189:
8174:
8160:Google Books
8154:
8146:
8137:
8129:
8121:
8112:
8104:
8096:
8088:
8080:
8072:
7976:
7969:
7965:
7958:
7954:
7939:
7932:
7925:
7918:
7911:
7897:
7890:
7883:
7876:
7863:John Adamson
7855:
7845:
7826:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7785:
7775:
7768:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7737:
7723:
7701:. Retrieved
7691:
7679:. Retrieved
7669:
7657:. Retrieved
7644:
7632:. Retrieved
7623:
7611:. Retrieved
7602:
7590:. Retrieved
7586:the original
7576:
7564:. Retrieved
7555:
7543:. Retrieved
7534:
7522:. Retrieved
7513:
7501:. Retrieved
7492:
7480:. Retrieved
7475:
7466:
7454:. Retrieved
7452:. Commem.com
7444:
7432:. Retrieved
7428:the original
7418:
7406:. Retrieved
7402:the original
7392:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7328:
7323:
7308:
7303:
7294:
7279:
7274:
7259:
7254:
7242:. Retrieved
7237:
7228:
7219:
7214:
7202:
7184:
7175:
7166:
7157:
7136:cite journal
7124:
7110:
7098:
7080:
7074:
7062:
7053:
7048:
7032:
7024:
7019:
7010:
7002:
6997:
6989:
6984:
6976:
6971:
6952:
6946:
6937:
6923:
6914:
6895:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6864:
6850:
6831:
6822:
6799:
6794:
6782:. Retrieved
6778:the original
6768:
6756:. Retrieved
6751:
6742:
6731:
6726:
6718:
6713:
6705:
6700:
6692:
6687:
6676:
6671:
6660:
6655:
6647:
6646:Jon Butler,
6642:
6634:
6629:
6621:
6616:
6608:
6603:
6595:
6590:
6578:. Retrieved
6574:the original
6570:"Colchester"
6564:
6556:
6551:
6543:
6538:
6530:
6525:
6517:L'inventaire
6516:
6513:La chronique
6512:
6508:
6502:
6490:. Retrieved
6486:
6477:
6469:
6464:
6456:
6451:
6443:
6438:
6426:. Retrieved
6422:
6413:
6404:
6380:
6368:. Retrieved
6361:the original
6348:
6336:. Retrieved
6321:
6315:
6303:. Retrieved
6294:
6282:. Retrieved
6277:
6267:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6229:
6223:
6211:. Retrieved
6209:. p. 10
6205:
6198:
6186:. Retrieved
6180:
6173:
6161:. Retrieved
6157:
6148:
6136:. Retrieved
6126:
6114:. Retrieved
6108:
6099:
6087:. Retrieved
6073:
6061:. Retrieved
6057:
6048:
6036:. Retrieved
6032:
6023:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5985:
5978:
5964:
5957:
5946:
5939:
5931:
5926:
5914:. Retrieved
5910:the original
5900:
5881:
5877:
5872:
5860:
5841:
5835:
5827:
5822:
5806:
5801:
5785:
5761:
5757:Moynahan, B.
5751:
5743:
5738:
5722:
5718:Chadwick, H.
5712:
5696:
5686:
5674:. Retrieved
5670:the original
5660:
5652:
5647:
5639:
5629:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5589:
5581:
5576:
5568:
5553:
5545:
5540:
5532:
5527:
5519:
5514:
5502:. Retrieved
5498:the original
5488:
5473:
5468:
5456:. Retrieved
5446:
5438:the original
5428:
5408:
5401:
5389:. Retrieved
5378:
5366:. Retrieved
5362:
5353:
5343:15 September
5341:. Retrieved
5335:
5328:
5316:. Retrieved
5312:the original
5301:
5285:
5280:
5272:
5267:
5255:. Retrieved
5246:
5239:
5230:
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5205:the original
5192:
5178:
5171:
5157:
5150:
5134:
5115:
5099:
5089:
5069:
5065:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5042:
5030:. Retrieved
5026:the original
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4993:
4984:
4976:
4946:. Retrieved
4942:the original
4937:
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4912:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4788:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4722:
4716:
4700:
4696:
4681:
4665:
4651:
4645:
4637:
4623:
4617:
4598:
4592:
4581:the original
4567:
4559:
4545:
4539:
4397:Spitalfields
4325:South Africa
4263:adopted the
4197:Battery Park
4148:John Pintard
3988:
3980:
3964:
3959:, President
3954:
3940:1985 apology
3927:
3922:
3907:East Germany
3871:general and
3847:
3828:
3816:
3808:
3765:
3737:Lower Saxony
3654:
3643:
3609:Fleur de Lys
3607:
3597:
3579:
3569:
3557:
3551:
3538:
3519:
3511:Killeshandra
3468:
3458:Entrance to
3438:
3423:
3419:
3399:Tenterground
3391:Spitalfields
3368:
3344:
3340:Black Prince
3309:
3290:
3263:
3203:
3196:Pierre Bayle
3193:
3170:
3151:Stadtholder
3150:
3132:(now of the
3092:Dutch Revolt
3089:
3080:
3063:Lower Canada
3056:
3022:
3002:E.I. du Pont
2998:
2981:
2960:Jean Postell
2956:Pierre Bacot
2952:Edmund Bohun
2937:
2890:Manakin Town
2871:
2864:
2845:Pelham Manor
2833:New Rochelle
2831:
2795:New Rochelle
2792:
2727:
2718:Battery Park
2663:Jean Ribault
2660:
2594:
2590:assimilation
2579:
2574:Western Cape
2554:
2523:
2514:South Africa
2504:Fort Coligny
2489:
2471:
2458:
2446:
2429:
2391:André Trocmé
2385:World War II
2382:
2353:
2350:Modern times
2339:
2335:
2325:
2321:
2306:, signed by
2297:
2281:
2226:
2213:
2201:missionaries
2195:
2171:
2141:
2127:, Saintonge-
2121:
2106:
2103:, circa 1600
2060:
2016:
1958:
1951:
1950:' painting,
1926:
1899:
1884:
1877:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1841:Parlementary
1823:
1809:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1765:
1722:
1699:
1680:
1559:
1477:
1464:South Africa
1449:
1435:
1380:
1347:
1325:
1302:
1289:
1254:Demographics
1227:
1201:
1186:; at Tours,
1160:
1154:
1116:
1114:
1104:Hugues Capet
1100:
1084:Eid Genossen
1075:were called
1066:
1060:
1056:
1054:
1043:Amboise plot
1038:
1037:. The label
1013:
987:on the name
968:
966:
938:, signed by
925:
902:
871:
860:
848:
846:
817:
782:-nohz
705:
703:
653:Christianity
651:
560:
501:Presbyterian
466:J. I. Packer
311:Martin Bucer
267:
192:Geneva Bible
96:Christianity
36:
11810:Persecution
11745:Christendom
11738:Cooperation
11675:Charismatic
11586:Holy Spirit
11495:Natural law
11458:Holy orders
11307:Christology
11300:Holy Spirit
11169:Pentecostal
11149:Evangelical
11144:Charismatic
10988:Monasticism
10980:Middle Ages
10943:Constantine
10886:Crucifixion
10768:Foundations
10644:Catholicism
10581:Protestants
10575:Evangelical
10250:39 Articles
10245:Elizabethan
10222:Anglicanism
10202:Westminster
10112:Melanchthon
10075:Lutheranism
10040:Nicodemites
10018:Arminianism
9989:Reformation
9930:Bonaventure
9905:Inquisition
9900:Waldensians
9850:Investiture
9828:Kievan Rus'
9784:Anglo-Saxon
9764:Pelagianism
9756:Middle Ages
9679:Iconodulism
9554:Thomas More
9475:Catholicism
9397:Monasticism
9380:Constantine
9305:Persecution
9263:Adoptionism
9248:Ante-Nicene
9191:Holy Spirit
9174:Crucifixion
9145:Origins and
9046:2nd and 3rd
8876:New Zealand
8796:Puerto Rico
8751:Fransaskois
8592:Middle East
8381:Brazzaville
8357:French Chad
8225:Brady Haran
7861:Cambridge:
7634:21 December
7613:21 December
7592:28 November
7375:10419/37227
7205:John Calvin
7041:William III
6492:21 February
6232:. Longmans.
6184:. p. 7
6163:14 February
5876:John Wolf,
5385:"Huguenots"
5257:7 September
5186:(item 687).
5127:John Calvin
5032:29 December
4352:Franschhoek
4338:Cape Colony
4224:Soho Square
4152:Santa Claus
4138:La Rochelle
4113:Paul Revere
4074:half dollar
4060:John Sevier
3873:fighter ace
3831:brain drain
3786:, Hamburg,
3554:SeĂĄn Lemass
3515:Irish linen
3430:Stourbridge
3379:Soho Square
3274:Elizabeth I
3232:Sinterklaas
3189:West Frisia
3086:Netherlands
3032:Jack Jouett
3024:Paul Revere
2982:The French
2915:James River
2913:across the
2837:Westchester
2807:south shore
2742:Nova Scotia
2701:, and sent
2675:Charlesfort
2611:, Lombard,
2601:de Villiers
2564:Franschhoek
2364:Protestants
2205:dragonnades
2166:La Rochelle
2143:Montpellier
2095:(i.e., the
1837:Waldensians
1749:Waldensians
1745:John Calvin
1706:Peter Waldo
1671:Waldensians
1516:Brandenburg
1512:Switzerland
1415:Montpellier
1395:La Rochelle
1317:Reformation
1313:bourgeoisie
1305:John Calvin
1180:; at Blois
1019:John Calvin
1000:Huisgenoten
921:brain drain
917:Nicodemites
862:dragonnades
838:Montbéliard
811:burgomaster
803:Protestants
551:Amyraldians
506:South Korea
426:John Machen
326:John Calvin
292:Theologians
197:Confessions
101:Reformation
73:John Calvin
11869:Categories
11724:Prosperity
11700:Liberation
11640:Cathedrals
11625:Pilgrimage
11610:Literature
11487:Philosophy
11423:Sacraments
11396:Four marks
11357:Protestant
11332:Born again
11129:Anabaptist
11119:Protestant
11061:Influences
11023:Modern era
10727:By country
10366:Revivalism
10287:Anabaptism
10235:Henry VIII
10060:Literature
9684:Iconoclasm
9664:Chrysostom
9617:Vatican II
9583:Jansenists
9569:Mass rocks
9505:Lateran IV
9424:Athanasius
9344:Tertullian
9288:Marcionism
9283:Gnosticism
9236:Revelation
9154:Background
8528:Afrikaners
8515:Seychelles
8486:Afrikaners
8454:Madagascar
8412:The Gambia
8217:"Huguenot"
8203:John Quick
7968:, vol. 2:
7957:, vol. 1:
7189:Peter Lang
7121:DC Thomson
6979:, Page 169
6933:090128615X
6905:0859893790
6428:28 January
6110:The Tablet
5892:Fulltext:
5817:paperback;
5692:Parker, G.
5635:Parker, G.
5106:began the
5006:24 October
4948:26 October
4918:7 December
4248:3 pm.
4235:Wandsworth
3855:, General
3835:New France
3780:Fredericia
3754:Relief by
3638:Fredericia
3517:industry.
3403:Wandsworth
3383:Shoreditch
3316:Canterbury
3278:Colchester
3259:Canterbury
3247:See also:
3214:patriciate
3118:Prinsenhof
2827:Frenchtown
2813:along the
2782:(1721) on
2730:New France
2697:La Florida
2480:See also:
2372:Freemasons
2274:, who was
2272:Jean Calas
2256:See also:
2182:Louis XIII
1908:Civil wars
1891:Francis II
1797:iconoclast
1784:See also:
1775:Languedoc.
1683:vernacular
1625:1,200,000
1617:2,000,000
1609:1,800,000
1538:, various
1526:, and the
1311:and urban
1195:huguenands
1007:Eidgenosse
979:nature of
576:Neonomians
546:Afrikaners
436:Karl Barth
401:John Nevin
90:Background
11875:Huguenots
11800:Criticism
11750:Ecumenism
11714:Mysticism
11680:Democracy
11670:Anarchism
11657:Movements
11620:Mythology
11598:Catechism
11593:Education
11510:Evolution
11433:Eucharist
11416:Canon law
11374:Theotokos
11369:Mariology
11327:Salvation
11317:Tradition
11164:Methodist
11124:Adventist
10958:Chalcedon
10532:Ecumenism
10482:Adventism
10472:Mormonism
10408:Millerism
10403:Methodism
10358:1640â1789
10260:Civil War
10207:Orthodoxy
10162:Huguenots
10144:Calvinism
10129:Eucharist
10124:Orthodoxy
10008:Eucharist
9940:Five Ways
9890:Dulcinian
9843:Pomerania
9769:Gregory I
9613:Vatican I
9603:Modernism
9588:Molinists
9578:Guadalupe
9449:Chalcedon
9444:Ephesus I
9434:Augustine
9310:Apostolic
9293:Montanism
9258:Diversity
9034:Centuries
8892:Argentina
8866:Australia
8826:Huguenots
8776:Guatemala
8758:Québécois
8650:Huguenots
8638:Huguenots
8563:Hong Kong
8471:Mauritius
8239:3 January
8114:Cantiques
7948:In French
7834:, Mainz:
7434:7 January
7384:0002-8282
6833:given...'
5948:generally
5916:7 January
5890:0891-9666
5878:Louis XIV
5368:7 January
5114:in 1519 (
4747:163264114
4369:Australia
4358:Cape Town
4346:Afrikaans
4342:Afrikaner
4308:Taoiseach
3930:Louis XIV
3897:Captains
3884:Wehrmacht
3869:Luftwaffe
3788:Frankfurt
3784:Stockholm
3721:Frankfurt
3707:, in the
3689:Franconia
3640:, Denmark
3588:Calvinist
3559:Taoiseach
3542:Cork City
3503:Waterford
3407:Battersea
3364:Maidstone
3360:Faversham
3328:Edward VI
3320:Calvinist
3234:) feast.
3200:Rotterdam
3018:John Gano
3006:Lavoisier
2892:, now in
2799:New Paltz
2722:Manhattan
2637:vineyards
2597:Afrikaans
2546:Cape Town
2308:Louis XVI
2242:Camisards
2197:Louis XIV
2133:Angoumois
1977:Michelade
1918:Michelade
1852:Huguenots
1826:Francis I
1816:militia.
1714:Francis I
1710:CabriĂšres
1582:Australia
1562:Camisards
1540:Caribbean
1468:Australia
1451:Camisards
1427:Camisards
1411:Montauban
1338:Louis XIV
1164:huguenand
1109:huguenote
953:Etymology
940:Louis XVI
932:Calvinism
857:Louis XIV
842:Lutherans
807:Calvinist
794:) were a
706:Huguenots
561:Huguenots
540:Movements
371:John Owen
331:John Knox
81:John Knox
11854:Category
11719:Pacifism
11533:features
11517:Politics
11470:Ablution
11438:Marriage
11342:Catholic
11272:Theology
11179:Reformed
11159:Lutheran
11154:Holiness
11134:Anglican
11104:Catholic
11008:Crusades
10953:Nicaea I
10903:Apostles
10876:Miracles
10871:Parables
10861:Ministry
10851:Nativity
10815:timeline
10712:Prophets
10707:Glossary
10624:Theology
10612:Missions
10607:Timeline
10579:Mainline
10527:Pacifism
10376:Baptists
10295:Theology
10255:Puritans
10230:Timeline
10172:Scotland
10100:Theology
9947:Wycliffe
9895:Crusades
9870:Bogomils
9823:Bulgaria
9779:Germanic
9731:Ethiopia
9629:Timeline
9407:Nicaea I
9402:Councils
9334:Irenaeus
9329:Ignatius
9324:Polycarp
9278:Donatism
9273:Docetism
9268:Arianism
9169:Ministry
8943:Walloons
8926:See also
8907:Colombia
8840:Corsican
8674:Acadians
8583:Pakistan
8388:Djibouti
8328:Cameroon
8162:and the
8050:Archived
8023:Archived
7703:30 April
7681:30 April
7659:21 April
7566:30 April
7545:30 April
7524:30 April
7503:30 April
7482:15 April
7456:2 August
7408:30 April
7244:2 August
7183:(1989).
7165:(1953).
6922:(1983).
6820:(1865).
6784:2 August
6758:2 August
6515:, t. 2:
6511:, t. 1:
6393:Archived
6370:2 August
6305:29 March
6138:30 April
6089:2 August
6079:"France"
5676:2 August
5561:Archived
5504:2 August
5458:2 August
5391:2 August
5318:2 August
5234:, p. 389
4828:Archived
4701:Huguenot
4412:See also
4109:John Jay
4095:Huguenot
3989:Several
3811:Saarland
3803:Szczecin
3776:Napoleon
3725:Saarland
3679:and the
3660:, where
3566:Scotland
3426:Lorraine
3397:and the
3356:Sandwich
3297:Walloons
3174:CĂ©vennes
3097:Apologie
2874:Virginia
2819:Huguenot
2770:Bushwick
2766:Brooklyn
2625:Rousseau
2617:Malherbe
2449:diaspora
2437:CĂ©vennes
2407:CĂ©vennes
2234:CĂ©vennes
2178:Henry IV
2113:Henry IV
2089:Hercules
2085:Henry IV
2052:Toulouse
2028:Bordeaux
2007:in 1789.
1973:Polycarp
1969:Irenaeus
1887:Henry II
1864:France.
1857:reformés
1757:Olivétan
1725:Gallican
1649:300,000
1633:900,000
1578:diaspora
1566:CĂ©vennes
1548:Orthodox
1500:Scotland
1446:Cevennes
1423:Cevennes
1399:Normandy
1391:Dauphiné
1367:Lutheran
1365:, where
1359:Dordogne
1350:southern
1309:nobility
1094:Huguenot
1061:Huguenot
1039:Huguenot
1031:alliance
1023:Catholic
969:Huguenot
890:Henry IV
878:Catholic
818:Huguenot
751:-gÉ-nots
606:Puritans
596:Pilgrims
528:Anglican
118:Theology
44:a series
42:Part of
11783:Related
11576:Trinity
11541:Culture
11505:Science
11475:Hygiene
11465:Mission
11448:Penance
11428:Baptism
11364:Worship
11337:Liturgy
11285:Trinity
11196:Eastern
11174:Quakers
11139:Baptist
11096:Western
11086:members
10856:Baptism
10810:History
10800:Worship
10702:Outline
10617:Martyrs
10413:Pietism
10343:Ausbund
10315:MĂŒntzer
10240:Cranmer
10187:Baptism
10152:Zwingli
10003:Erasmus
9952:Avignon
9935:Aquinas
9925:Francis
9920:Dominic
9880:Cathars
9875:Bosnian
9865:Bernard
9860:Abelard
9833:Moravia
9818:Bohemia
9804:Iceland
9726:Serbian
9706:Georgia
9701:Armenia
9639:Eastern
9540:Jesuits
9216:Gospels
9164:Baptism
8967:Basques
8938:Bretons
8933:Basques
8917:Uruguay
8859:Oceania
8786:Jamaica
8630:Hungary
8604:Lebanon
8547:Tunisia
8519:Somalia
8510:Senegal
8505:RĂ©union
8481:Namibia
8476:Morocco
8438:Guinea
8422:Albreda
8364:Comoros
8294:Algeria
7942:(1993).
7865:, 2009
7848:(2007)
7761:(1991)
7309:U-boats
6650:(1983).
6580:5 April
6338:16 July
6213:21 July
6188:21 July
6063:4 April
6038:4 April
6017:. 1945.
6013:].
5760:(2003)
4739:2540193
4680:Aston,
4512:(opera)
4298:Ireland
4279:Prussia
4272:Prussia
4256:Norwich
4213:England
3882:, WWII
3825:Effects
3729:Hamburg
3614:Hengoed
3600:Rhymney
3507:Youghal
3499:Lisburn
3477:in the
3450:Ireland
3415:Norwich
3387:weaving
3336:chantry
3326:there.
3243:England
3128:of the
3073:today.
2886:Monacan
2801:. The "
2667:Florida
2629:Viljoen
2621:Pienaar
2609:le Roux
2605:Joubert
2550:Batavia
2530:Viljoen
2125:Guienne
2044:Orléans
2032:Bourges
1948:Millais
1930:Bourbon
1753:Luberon
1677:in 1545
1673:in the
1661:Origins
1656:History
1564:in the
1522:in the
1504:Denmark
1492:Ireland
1488:in Kent
1407:Castres
1387:Gascony
1210:Jan Hus
847:In his
834:Moselle
787:French:
151:Baptism
11500:Ethics
11381:Saints
11290:Father
11209:Church
10821:spread
10785:Gospel
10775:Church
10717:People
10305:Grebel
10157:Calvin
10083:Luther
9977:Synods
9855:Anselm
9838:Poland
9794:Gothic
9789:Franks
9774:Celtic
9741:Russia
9721:Syriac
9711:Greece
9598:Teresa
9545:Xavier
9483:Papacy
9429:Jerome
9349:Origen
9250:period
9025:Spread
8965:(i.e.
8963:France
8897:Brazil
8847:Basque
8833:Breton
8812:Cajuns
8791:Mexico
8688:Basque
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