405:. Kalkbrenner's fascinating touch, the quietness and equality of his playing, are indescribable; every note proclaims the master. He is truly a giant, who dwarfs all other artists. (...) I was very much amused by Kalkbrenner, who, in playing to me, made a mistake which brought him to a standstill; but the way in which he recovered himself was marvellous. Since this meeting we have seen each other every day; either he comes to me, or I go to him. He offered to take me as a pupil for three years, and to make a great artist of me. I replied that I knew very well what were my deficiencies; but I did not wish to imitate him, and that three years were too much for me."
305:, and he was a close friend of Joseph Haydn. Who better was there to claim as his teacher for an impressive resume, especially for one like Kalkbrenner, who always had his eye on wealth and fame? Besides taking lessons in counterpoint he met Haydn, Beethoven and Hummel, playing duets with the latter, his only serious rival as a pianist. Thus, it is not entirely without warrant when Kalkbrenner styled himself as the last classical composer for the rest of his life. He firmly maintained that he was of the old school, and the old school was Beethoven, Haydn, Ries, and Hummel.
390:(Chopin's composition teacher) to Chopin in Paris: "I was pleased to see, by your letter, that Kalkbrenner, the first of pianists, as you call him, gave you such a friendly reception. I am very glad that he has agreed to initiate you into the mysteries of his art, but it astonishes me to hear that he requires three years to do so. Did he think the first time he saw and heard you, that you needed all that time to accustom yourself to his method? or that you wished to devote your musical talents to the piano alone, and to confine your compositions to that instrument?"
330:"The preface to Kalkbrenner's method, in which he relates the beginnings of his invention, is exceedingly interesting. This invention consisted of a rod placed in front of the keyboard. The forearm rested on this rod in such a way that all muscular action save that of the hand was suppressed. This system is excellent for teaching the young pianist how to play pieces written for the harpsichord or the first pianofortes where the keys responded to slight pressure; but it is inadequate for modern works and instruments."
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439:(1822–1903): Hungarian pianist and composer and a lifelong friend of Franz Liszt, was Kalkbrenner's pupil from 1843 until 1844. During the same time he also had lessons from Chopin. In 1845 he returned to his native Hungary to devote himself to composition and the buildup of the Hungarian national school of composition.
530:(1823–1874): Norwegian pianist and composer. In 1842 he went to Paris, where he studied with Kalkbrenner. In 1844 he became a pupil of Chopin, and accompanied him to England and Scotland in 1848. He published an edition of Chopin's works, and played Chopin's music at recitals in Paris and in Scandinavia.
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Paris, 14 December 1831, Chopin to Józef Elsner in Warsaw: "Three years of study is a great deal too much', as
Kalkbrenner himself perceived after he had heard me a few times. From this you can see, dear Mons. Elsner, that the true virtuoso does not know what envy is. I could make up my mind to study
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In the latter half of 1803, Kalkbrenner travelled to Vienna to continue with his education. It is not yet clear why he took this step, it could be that he assumed that he wanted to crown his studies with lessons from some representative of the
Viennese classical school. It must have been easy for him
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In the 1830s
Kalkbrenner was at the pinnacle of his pianistic powers and his virtuosity aroused the greatest enthusiasm in the years 1833, 1834, and 1836 on his trips to Hamburg, Berlin, Brussels, and other places. After the arrival of Liszt and Thalberg, Kalkbrenner's fame was on the wane. What he
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This invention became a runaway success. There are reports that it was still available for sale in London in the 1870s. In 1817, Logier teamed up with
Kalkbrenner to found an academy where music theory and piano playing, of course with the help of the chiroplast, were taught. The proceeds from the
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or "hand guide". The chiroplast was a contrivance made from two parallel rails of mahogany wood that were placed on two feet and loosely attached to the piano. This apparatus should restrict vertical motions of the arms thereby helping nascent pianists to attain the (perceived) correct position of
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In 1823 and 1824, Kalkbrenner gave concerts in
Frankfurt, Leipzig, Dresden, Berlin, Prague, and Vienna. Where he went he was received with loud applause. Considering the fact that Ignaz Moscheles was touring the same places at roughly the same time, this was quite an achievement. During the same
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Liszt wrote to his publishers
Breitkopf and Härtel (probably in December 1837): "I had spoken about the Beethoven symphonies, of which I have undertaken the arrangement The recent publication of the same Symphonies, arranged by Mr. Kalkbrenner, makes me anxious that mine should not remain any
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came in first), in the following year first prize. When he left Paris at the end of 1802 for Vienna to continue his studies, Kalkbrenner was not yet a finished artist, but he could already look back on a solidly musical education from recognised masters in their own fields.
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considered becoming
Kalkbrenner's pupil. Kalkbrenner, though, had demanded that Chopin study three years with him. Chopin's deliberations, whether he should or should not study with Kalkbrenner, caused a flurry of letters between Chopin's native Poland and Paris:
138:. Author of a famous method of piano playing (1831) which was in print until the late 19th century, he ran in Paris what is sometimes called a "factory for aspiring virtuosos" and taught scores of pupils from as far away as Cuba. His pupils included
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He was the first to introduce long and rapid octave passages in both hands – today so familiar from 19th century piano music – into his piano texture; however it could be argued that he was preceded by
Beethoven with this particular technique.
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Camille-Marie
Stamaty (1811–1870): French pianist, teacher and composer of piano music and studies (études). He was one of the preeminent piano teachers in 19th century Paris. His most famous pupils were Louis Moreau Gottschalk and Camille
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patent made
Kalkbrenner a wealthy man. In 1821, Ignaz Moscheles had also settled in London. His powerful and finished playing had a great influence on Kalkbrenner, who used his time in London to hone his technical skills even more.
445:(1836–1922): English pianist. She began to study with Kalkbrenner at the age of 6 and also had lessons from Sigismond Thalberg. She made tours of Germany and Italy (1854–55); later toured the U.S., Australia, and India (1873–76).
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From 1814 to 1823 Kalkbrenner lived in England. He gave many concerts, composed and established himself as a successful piano teacher. It was here that Kalkbrenner, always the astute businessman, came across an invention made by
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came to Paris, Kalkbrenner suggested that Chopin could benefit by studying in one of Kalkbrenner's schools. It was not until the late 1830s that Kalkbrenner's reputation was surpassed by the likes of Chopin,
215:, Queen Consort of Prussia, in 1786. Thus, it is possible that Kalkbrenner's mother was on the way from Hesse to Berlin to join her husband, who would shortly take up his new duties at the court of Potsdam.
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he put his pupils to work on great masters like Bach, Handel, Scarlatti, Haydn, Mozart, and Clementi – at that time a notable exception among piano teachers. In harmony and composition he was taught by
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Through Arabella Goddard and Camille Saint-Saëns – who studied with Kalkbrenner's star product Camille-Marie Stamaty – Kalkbrenner's influence reached well into the first half of the 20th century.
122:, starting at a young age and eventually settled in Paris, where he lived until his death in 1849. Kalkbrenner composed more than 200 piano works, as well as many piano concertos and operas.
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Kalkbrenner returned to Paris a rich man. Here he became a partner in Pleyel's piano factory, which by the time of Kalkbrenner's death (1849) had risen to a place second only to
207:. His birth was consequently unable to be registered with the authorities, and hence the exact date of his birth was not recorded. Kalkbrenner's father was going to be appointed
506:(1810–1834): German pianist. He studied with his father, the horn player Gottfried Schuncke (1777–1840). From there he went to Paris, where he was a pupil of Kalkbrenner and
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to the Queen of Prussia. When he was eight he spoke four languages fluently. Although his education must have been privileged and took part in beautiful surroundings in
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Paris, 16 December 1831, Chopin to Titus Woyciechowski in Poland: "I wish I could say I play as well as Kalkbrenner, who is perfection in quite another style to
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lost in pianistic reputation he compensated through a happy marriage to a much younger, titled and wealthy French heiress, descendant of aristocrats of the
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anyway because he spoke German as his native language and he probably had help from his father who was a known musical personality in the Austrian capital.
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three years, if I felt certain that would secure the end I have in view. One thing is quite clear to my mind; I will never be a copy of Kalkbrenner.
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and Rheinsberg castle, Kalkbrenner retained the heavy Berliner argot, characteristic of working-class people to this day, for the rest of his life.
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247:. Louis Adam was for 45 years the most influential professor for piano at the Paris Conservatory. According to French pianist and piano professor
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716:. Unabridged and slightly corrected Dover Reprint (1988) of the original Knopf Edition. Edited by E.L. Voynich. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1931.
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496:, and Kalkbrenner. By the time she was 15 her virtuosity created a sensation in Belgium, Austria, Germany, and Russia. Before her marriage,
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With his education finally ended, Kalkbrenner in 1805 and the year thereafter appeared as concert pianist in Berlin, Munich, and Stuttgart.
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eminence in Austrian music theory and the finest contrapuntist of his day. Moreover, Albrechtsberger had been the teacher of Beethoven,
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Kalkbrenner had many pupils and some of them became fine pianists and composers. This is a list of Kalkbrenner's most famous students:
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Kalkbrenner's father was his first teacher. The boy must have progressed rapidly. By the time he was six he played a piano concerto by
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Nicholas, Jeremy. Liner Notes to Hyperion CD recording of Kalkbrenner Piano Concertos No. 1, Op. 61 and No. 4, Op. 127. Published by
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At the end of 1798, Kalkbrenner was enrolled at the Paris Conservatoire. He was in the piano class of Alsatian pianist and composer
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482:(1806–1893): Irish pianist and composer, born in Limerick and died in London, lived in Paris for about 15 years until 1844.
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787:. Edited by La Mara. Translated by Constance Bache. Vol. 1 From Paris to Rome. Covent Garden: H. Grevel & Co., 1894.
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and an unidentified mother. Kalkbrenner was born, allegedly in a post chaise, during a trip his mother made from
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He was one of the few composers who through deft business deals became enormously rich. Chopin dedicated his
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was in love with her (1830). From 1848 to 1872 she was professor of piano at the Brussels Conservatory.
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476:(1828–1885): Irish composer and pianist born in Boulogne-sur-Mer, resident in Paris since c. 1835.
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759:. Translated by Charles Godfrey Leland (Hans Breitmann). Vol. 4. London: William Heinemann, 1893.
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891:. 2nd augmented and revised edition. Translated by Dr. Th. Baker. New York: G. Schirmer, 1897.
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and did well at his studies. In 1799 (Published in 1800), he won second prize for piano (
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488:(1811–1875): was a pianist with a German mother and a Belgian father. She studied with
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the hands. Camille Saint-Saëns, who was put to work with it as a boy, describes it:
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794:. Translated by Grace E. Hadow. Vol. 1. 2 vols. London: Macmillan & Co., 1913.
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817:. Translated by Edward Gile Rich. Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, 1919.
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730:. Reprint of the 1964 edition, ed. Jeanne Behrend, with a New Foreword by
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Liner Notes for Hyperion recording of his 1st & 4th Piano Concerto
801:. Paris: Imprimerie Centrale des Chemins de Fer A. Chaix et Cie, 1878.
427:
List of music students by teacher: K to M § Friedrich Kalkbrenner
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466:(1817–1891): Alsatian pianist and composer. He studied in Paris with
218:
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Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopäde (German Biographic Encyclopaedia)
842:. Revised and Updated Edition. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.
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and piano manufacturer. German by birth, Kalkbrenner studied at the
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510:. He settled in Leipzig in 1833, and became the intimate friend of
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256:. Kalkbrenner was a fellow student of opera and ballet composer
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from memory "which in those days took a great deal of courage".
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150:. Through Stamaty, Kalkbrenner's piano method was passed on to
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Richard Macnutt; Mariapia Rosso (2001). "Canti, Giovanni".
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1825–1849: Pianist, teacher and piano manufacturer in Paris
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877:. Bde. (Vol.) 5. K-G. 10 Vols. Munich: K. G. Saur, 1999.
824:. Newly annotated edition by Roger Nichols. Oxford (GB):
269:
1803–1806: Studies in Vienna and concert tours in Germany
854:
Bamboula: The Life and Times of Louis Moreau Gottschalk
451:
the most important British pianist from 1853 until 1890
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1814–1823: Pianist, teacher and businessman in London
453:. At her London debut (1853) she played Beethoven's
219:1785–1798: Childhood and first education in Berlin
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102:(7 November 1785 – 10 June 1849), also known as
243:, father of the now more famous opera composer
344:period, he composed a variation on a waltz by
165:to him. Kalkbrenner created transcriptions of
1935:
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773:. London: William Reeves, 1881? New Edition:
752:. London (GB): Smith, Elder, & Co., 1896.
544:List of compositions by Friedrich Kalkbrenner
195:Friedrich Wilhelm Kalkbrenner was the son of
847:Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
277:In Vienna he took counterpoint lessons from
601:longer in a portfolio." (Liszt 1894), p. 22
1942:
1928:
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856:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995
764:Erinnerungsblätter (Leaves of Remembrance)
339:1823–1824: Concerts in Austria and Germany
59:. Please do not remove this message until
906:International Music Score Library Project
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
849:. 5th Edition. New York: Schirmer, 1958.
682:(Slonimsky 1958), see relevant articles.
425:For Kalkbrenner's notable students, see
235:1798–1802: At the Conservatoire de Paris
90:
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
588:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04765
548:
417:, which he attempted to treat himself.
173:for solo piano which were published by
14:
4458:Pupils of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
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190:
4289:Romanticism and the French Revolution
1923:
920:
771:Frédéric Chopin: His Life and Letters
750:Life and Letters of Sir Charles Hallé
100:Friedrich Wilhelm Michael Kalkbrenner
902:Free scores by Friedrich Kalkbrenner
563:
29:
1798:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle
321:. This invention was the so-called
213:Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
95:Kalkbrenner by Henri Grévedon, 1829
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4398:19th-century German male musicians
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262:Pierre-Joseph-Guillaume Zimmerman
4383:19th-century classical composers
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792:Clara Schumann. An Artist's Life
673:(Karasowski 1881?), pp. 233-244.
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4423:German male classical composers
4388:19th-century classical pianists
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889:A History of Pianoforte-Playing
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177:from 1842-1844; decades before
4443:German male classical pianists
4403:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
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619:(Marmontel 1878), pp. 236-243.
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351:Vaterländischer Künstlerverein
285:, then already quite old, but
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4468:Conservatoire de Paris alumni
4393:19th-century German composers
4378:18th-century German composers
4312:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
797:Marmontel, Antoine Francois.
748:Hallé, C.E. Hallé and Marie.
18:Friedrich Wilhelm Kalkbrenner
4418:German expatriates in France
664:(Weitzmann 1897), pp. 151–2.
637:(Weitzmann 1897), p. 150–51.
628:(Saint-Saëns 1919), pp. 8–9.
486:Marie-Félicité-Denise Pleyel
409:Kalkbrenner died in 1849 in
283:Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
185:
7:
1841:Gothic Revival architecture
757:The Works of Heinrich Heine
514:. He was co-founder of the
61:conditions to do so are met
10:
4484:
4229:Coleridge's theory of life
1782:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
957:List of Romantic composers
736:Princeton University Press
726:Gottschalk, Louis Moreau.
706:
610:(Marmontel, 1878), p. 238.
541:
517:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
424:
386:Warsaw, 27 November 1831,
249:Antoine François Marmontel
4463:Pupils of Antonio Salieri
4438:German Romantic composers
4413:German classical pianists
4321:
4284:Romanticism and economics
4221:
4113:
3860:
3682:
3627:
3596:
3520:
3469:
3418:
3377:
3286:
3230:
3194:
3148:
3139:
2984:
2928:
2877:
2836:
2795:
2749:
2691:
2561:
2440:
2362:
2299:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2281:
2272:
2158:
2026:
1957:
1873:
1818:
1763:
1697:
1676:
963:
954:
700:(Schonberg, 1984) p. 251.
691:(Schonberg, 1984) p. 251.
646:(Weitzmann 1897), p. 151.
2064:German historical school
1803:Tchaikovsky and The Five
845:Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed.
790:Litzmann, Berthold, ed.
537:
480:George Alexander Osborne
366:in prestige and output.
2711:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
826:Oxford University Press
766:. Köln (Cologne), 1884.
655:(Ehrlich 1990), p. 117.
580:Oxford University Press
377:In the winter of 1831,
152:Louis Moreau Gottschalk
4453:German piano educators
4294:Romanticism in science
4249:Middle Ages in history
4244:List of Romantic poets
2956:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1826:Common practice period
820:Saint-Saëns, Camille.
812:Saint-Saëns, Camille.
799:Les Pianistes célèbres
785:Letters of Franz Liszt
319:Johann Bernhard Logier
120:Conservatoire de Paris
96:
4448:Musicians from Kassel
4264:Romantic epistemology
4254:Opium and Romanticism
2823:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2049:Counter-Enlightenment
852:Starr, S. Frederick.
838:Schonberg, Harold C.
560:(Starr 1995), p. 176.
197:Christian Kalkbrenner
148:Camille-Marie Stamaty
94:
4428:German male pianists
4328:Age of Enlightenment
1970:England (literature)
1863:Romantic nationalism
1809:War of the Romantics
769:Karasowski, Moritz.
549:Notes and references
163:first piano concerto
104:Frédéric Kalkbrenner
4408:Composers for piano
4279:Romantic psychology
2074:Hudson River School
2018:Sweden (literature)
2003:Russia (literature)
1858:Musical nationalism
1776:Musical nationalism
808:Ltd., London, 2006.
762:Hiller, Ferdinand.
447:Harold C. Schonberg
254:Charles Simon Catel
191:Descent and parents
179:Liszt did the same.
156:Camille Saint-Saëns
48:of this article is
2264:White Mountain art
2205:Historical fiction
2013:Spain (literature)
1771:Indianist movement
1689:Romantic orchestra
840:The Great Pianists
732:S. Frederick Starr
728:Notes of a Pianist
712:Chopin, Frédéric.
576:Grove Music Online
97:
4355:
4354:
4269:Romantic medicine
4239:List of romantics
3678:
3677:
3329:Felix Mendelssohn
3324:Fanny Mendelssohn
3135:
3134:
2849:Rosalía de Castro
2787:Soares dos Passos
2135:Transcendentalism
2099:Nazarene movement
2059:Düsseldorf School
1917:
1916:
1788:New German School
1383:Felix Mendelssohn
1378:Fanny Mendelssohn
887:Weitzmann, C. F.
755:Heine, Heinrich.
437:Cornelius Ábrányi
411:Enghien-les-Bains
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
4475:
4345:
4344:
4304:Evolution theory
3146:
3145:
2279:
2278:
2140:Ukrainian school
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1793:Post-romanticism
1658:Vaughan Williams
941:
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806:Hyperion Records
714:Chopin's Letters
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443:Arabella Goddard
258:Ferdinand Hérold
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30:
21:
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4433:German pianists
4358:
4357:
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4351:
4350:
4339:
4331:
4317:
4274:Romantic poetry
4259:Romantic ballet
4234:German idealism
4217:
4183:Lacoue-Labarthe
4109:
3856:
3674:
3623:
3592:
3573:Rimsky-Korsakov
3516:
3465:
3414:
3373:
3282:
3226:
3190:
3131:
2980:
2924:
2873:
2832:
2791:
2745:
2687:
2628:Maria Edgeworth
2564:
2557:
2436:
2358:
2268:
2247:Romantic genius
2177:Gesamtkunstwerk
2154:
2115:Sturm und Drang
2022:
1953:
1948:
1918:
1913:
1890:
1886:Modernist music
1882:
1879:Classical music
1869:
1814:
1759:
1740:Romantic ballet
1735:Orchestral song
1715:Chorale prelude
1710:Character piece
1693:
1684:Romantic guitar
1677:Instrumentation
1672:
1508:Rimsky-Korsakov
1128:Ferdinand David
965:
959:
950:
945:
898:
871:Rudolf Vierhaus
822:Musical Memoirs
814:Musical Memoirs
709:
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512:Robert Schumann
504:Ludwig Schuncke
494:Ignaz Moscheles
430:
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379:Frédéric Chopin
360:
341:
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295:Ignaz Moscheles
279:Antonio Salieri
271:
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171:nine symphonies
127:Frédéric Chopin
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2069:Gothic revival
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3042:Nikolai Gogol
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2673:P. B. Shelley
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2382:Chateaubriand
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2211:Mal du siècle
2208:
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2019:
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1593:J. Strauss II
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994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
964:Composers and
962:
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953:
949:
942:
937:
935:
930:
928:
923:
922:
919:
913:
910:
907:
903:
900:
899:
890:
886:
884:
883:3-598-23186-5
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:Walther Killy
865:
863:
862:0-19-507237-5
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
835:
834:0-19-532016-6
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:
815:
810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
780:
779:1-113-72791-8
776:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
745:
744:0-691-12716-6
741:
737:
734:. Princeton:
733:
729:
725:
723:
722:0-486-25564-6
719:
715:
711:
710:
697:
688:
679:
670:
661:
652:
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616:
607:
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481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
465:
462:
459:
457:
456:Hammerklavier
452:
448:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
418:
416:
412:
404:
400:
399:
394:
393:
389:
385:
384:
383:
380:
375:
373:
372:Ancien Régime
367:
365:
355:
353:
352:
347:
336:
329:
328:
327:
324:
320:
309:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
266:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
242:
232:
230:
226:
216:
214:
210:
209:Kapellmeister
206:
202:
198:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:Marie Schauff
141:
137:
133:
128:
123:
121:
117:
116:piano teacher
113:
109:
105:
101:
93:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4310:
4030:Porto-Alegre
3684:Philosophers
3568:Rachmaninoff
3308:
3017:Chavchavadze
3007:Baratashvili
2767:João de Deus
2736:Wincenty Pol
2528:Küchelbecker
2256:
2222:Noble savage
2209:
2175:
2150:Wallenrodism
2127:
2113:
2044:Coppet group
1978:(literature)
1884:
1877:
1780:
1764:Other topics
1588:J. Strauss I
1478:Rachmaninoff
1282:
1233:Gretchaninov
888:
874:
853:
846:
839:
821:
813:
798:
791:
784:
770:
763:
756:
749:
727:
713:
696:
687:
678:
669:
660:
651:
642:
633:
624:
615:
606:
596:
575:
571:
565:
556:
533:
524:Saint-Saëns.
515:
508:Anton Reicha
455:
450:
431:
408:
388:Józef Elsner
376:
368:
361:
349:
342:
333:
315:
307:
286:
276:
272:
245:Adolphe Adam
238:
225:Joseph Haydn
222:
194:
160:
140:Marie Pleyel
124:
103:
99:
98:
75:
69:October 2020
66:
44:
4373:1849 deaths
4368:1784 births
4020:Michałowski
3852:Wackenroder
3817:F. Schlegel
3812:A. Schlegel
3588:Tchaikovsky
3477:Bortkiewicz
3349:R. Schumann
3344:C. Schumann
3309:Kalkbrenner
3278:Saint-Saëns
2583:Anne Brontë
2468:Eichendorff
2453:B. v. Arnim
2448:A. v. Arnim
2258:Weltschmerz
2217:Medievalism
2166:Blue flower
2094:Nationalist
2039:Bohemianism
1951:Romanticism
1831:Romanticism
1613:Tchaikovsky
1548:R. Schumann
1543:C. Schumann
1528:Saint-Saëns
1423:Niedermeyer
1313:Leoncavallo
1283:Kalkbrenner
1058:Bortkiewicz
299:Josef Weigl
291:Carl Czerny
4362:Categories
3895:Chassériau
3870:Aivazovsky
3578:Rubinstein
3563:Mussorgsky
3512:Wieniawski
3497:Paderewski
3339:Moszkowski
3122:Vörösmarty
3112:Shevchenko
2966:Longfellow
2890:Batyushkov
2885:Baratynsky
2854:Espronceda
2721:Mickiewicz
2716:Malczewski
2683:Wordsworth
2668:M. Shelley
2623:de Quincey
2488:Günderrode
2372:Baudelaire
2252:Wanderlust
2089:Lake Poets
1819:Background
1720:Intermezzo
1653:Wieniawski
1633:Vieuxtemps
1598:R. Strauss
1523:Rubinstein
1448:Paderewski
1418:Mussorgsky
1413:Moszkowski
1388:Mercadante
542:See also:
490:Henri Herz
449:calls her
323:chiroplast
293:, Hummel,
241:Louis Adam
46:neutrality
4335:Modernism
3995:Kiprensky
3955:Géricault
3940:Friedrich
3930:Delacroix
3905:Constable
3885:Bonington
3875:Bierstadt
3827:Senancour
3802:Schelling
3757:Lamennais
3752:Khomyakov
3717:Coleridge
3712:Chaadayev
3619:Stanković
3614:Mokranjac
3533:Balakirev
3492:Moniuszko
3441:Donizetti
3436:Cherubini
3334:Meyerbeer
3319:Marschner
3294:Beethoven
3207:Moscheles
3141:Musicians
3127:Wergeland
3092:Orbeliani
3047:Grundtvig
2951:Hawthorne
2920:Zhukovsky
2915:Vyazemsky
2900:Lermontov
2859:Gutiérrez
2818:Radičević
2782:Herculano
2706:Krasiński
2648:Radcliffe
2618:Coleridge
2593:E. Brontë
2588:C. Brontë
2518:Jean Paul
2513:Hölderlin
2402:Lamartine
2339:Magalhães
2329:Guimarães
2237:Pantheism
2227:Nostalgia
2079:Indianism
2027:Movements
1958:Countries
1433:Offenbach
1408:Moscheles
1403:Moniuszko
1398:Meyerbeer
1353:Marschner
1338:MacDowell
1153:Donizetti
1098:Cherubini
1088:Chaminade
1013:Beethoven
998:Balakirev
988:Atterberg
966:musicians
186:Biography
167:Beethoven
57:talk page
4347:Category
4163:Dahlhaus
4148:Blanning
4115:Scholars
4085:Tropinin
4080:Tidemand
4070:Stattler
4065:Scheffer
3965:Głowacki
3935:Edelfelt
3890:Bryullov
3832:Snellman
3807:Schiller
3797:Rousseau
3777:Michelet
3722:Constant
3692:Belinsky
3665:Sibelius
3609:Konjović
3583:Scriabin
3553:Lyapunov
3487:Lipiński
3456:Spontini
3446:Paganini
3390:Goldmark
3181:Thalberg
3176:Schubert
3156:Bruckner
3117:Topelius
3107:Runeberg
3097:Prešeren
3067:Leopardi
3032:Frashëri
3022:Eminescu
3002:Andersen
2910:Tyutchev
2895:Karamzin
2869:Zorrilla
2864:Saavedra
2762:Castilho
2750:Portugal
2741:Słowacki
2643:Polidori
2573:Barbauld
2508:Hoffmann
2463:Brentano
2377:Bertrand
2198:Romantic
2034:Ancients
2008:Scotland
1899:Category
1876: ←
1755:Symphony
1618:Thalberg
1583:Spontini
1558:Sibelius
1553:Scriabin
1538:Schubert
1533:Sarasate
1498:Respighi
1493:Reinecke
1453:Paganini
1363:Massenet
1358:Masarnau
1343:Madetoja
1288:Kreisler
1278:Kalivoda
1223:J. Gomis
1208:Glazunov
1203:Giuliani
1093:Chausson
1083:Chadwick
1073:Bruckner
873:, (ed.)
738:, 2006.
403:Paganini
132:Thalberg
112:composer
106:, was a
50:disputed
4188:Lovejoy
4123:Abraham
4045:Richard
4035:Préault
3960:Girodet
3842:Thoreau
3787:Novalis
3772:Mazzini
3767:Maistre
3742:Hazlitt
3727:Emerson
3707:Carlyle
3697:Berchet
3640:Berwald
3635:Bennett
3604:Hristić
3558:Medtner
3538:Borodin
3528:Arensky
3451:Rossini
3426:Bellini
3405:Joachim
3378:Hungary
3359:Strauss
3287:Germany
3253:Berlioz
3222:Voříšek
3217:Smetana
3195:Czechia
3149:Austria
3082:Maturin
3077:Manzoni
3052:Heliade
3027:Foscolo
2997:Alfieri
2992:Abovian
2946:Emerson
2905:Pushkin
2844:Bécquer
2777:Garrett
2731:Potocki
2678:Southey
2638:Maturin
2608:Carlyle
2565:Britain
2538:Novalis
2493:Gutzkow
2441:Germany
2407:Mérimée
2392:Gautier
2319:Barreto
2314:Azevedo
2294:Alencar
2274:Writers
2193:Byronic
2129:Purismo
1983:Germany
1965:Denmark
1889:→
1851:Science
1730:Mazurka
1705:Ballade
1638:Voříšek
1608:Tárrega
1603:Taneyev
1563:Smetana
1518:Rossini
1473:Puccini
1468:Prudent
1428:Nielsen
1393:Méreaux
1368:Medtner
1333:Lysenko
1303:Lachner
1268:Joachim
1248:Herbert
1168:Farrenc
1133:Delibes
1108:Crusell
1053:Borodin
1043:Berwald
1033:Berlioz
1023:Bennett
1018:Bellini
1003:Bazzini
983:Arensky
908:(IMSLP)
904:at the
707:Sources
415:cholera
229:Potsdam
108:pianist
4213:Wellek
4193:de Man
4178:Janion
4168:Ferber
4143:Berlin
4138:Beiser
4133:Barzun
4128:Abrams
4105:Wiertz
4090:Turner
4040:Révoil
4025:Palmer
4015:Martin
4010:Leutze
3985:Janmot
3945:Fuseli
3900:Church
3792:Quinet
3782:Müller
3737:Goethe
3732:Fichte
3655:Franck
3597:Serbia
3548:Glinka
3521:Russia
3507:Tausig
3502:Stolpe
3482:Chopin
3470:Poland
3431:Busoni
3395:Heller
3364:Wagner
3299:Brahms
3273:Onslow
3263:Halévy
3231:France
3212:Reicha
3202:Dvořák
3171:Mahler
3166:Hummel
3161:Czerny
3057:Isaacs
3037:Geijer
2971:Lowell
2961:Irving
2941:Cooper
2936:Bryant
2878:Russia
2813:Njegoš
2808:Kostić
2803:Jakšić
2796:Serbia
2726:Norwid
2701:Fredro
2693:Poland
2663:Seward
2553:Uhland
2543:Schwab
2533:Mörike
2523:Kleist
2478:Goethe
2473:Fouqué
2422:Nodier
2417:Nerval
2412:Musset
2364:France
2354:Varela
2349:Taunay
2334:Macedo
2282:Brazil
2232:Ossian
2159:Themes
1998:Poland
1993:Norway
1975:France
1909:Portal
1846:Poetry
1698:Genres
1643:Wagner
1623:Tobias
1488:Reicha
1463:Popper
1443:Pacini
1438:Onslow
1348:Mahler
1328:Lumbye
1293:Kuhlau
1273:Joplin
1263:Hummel
1253:Hérold
1243:Halévy
1228:Gounod
1213:Glinka
1193:Franck
1188:Foster
1158:Dvořák
1148:d'Indy
1138:Delius
1118:Czerny
1103:Chopin
1078:Busoni
1063:Brahms
1038:Bertin
1028:Bériot
881:
860:
832:
828:2008.
777:
742:
720:
458:Sonata
301:, and
205:Berlin
201:Kassel
146:, and
4299:Bacon
4208:Rosen
4203:Ricks
4198:Nancy
4158:Blume
4153:Bloom
4075:Stroy
4060:Saleh
4055:Runge
4005:Lampi
3990:Jones
3980:Hayez
3915:Corot
3880:Blake
3847:Tieck
3837:Staël
3762:Larra
3747:Hegel
3702:Burke
3660:Grieg
3650:Field
3645:Elgar
3628:Other
3461:Verdi
3419:Italy
3410:Liszt
3400:Hubay
3385:Erkel
3369:Weber
3354:Spohr
3314:Loewe
3304:Bruch
3268:Méhul
3258:Fauré
3248:Auber
3243:Alkan
3102:Raffi
3072:Mácha
3062:Lenau
3012:Botev
2985:Other
2837:Spain
2772:Dinis
2658:Scott
2633:Keats
2613:Clare
2603:Byron
2598:Burns
2578:Blake
2563:Great
2548:Tieck
2503:Heine
2498:Hauff
2432:Vigny
2427:Staël
2387:Dumas
2309:Assis
2304:Alves
2289:Abreu
2242:Rhine
2145:Ultra
1988:Japan
1836:Chess
1668:Ysaÿe
1648:Weber
1628:Verdi
1578:Spohr
1573:Sousa
1458:Paine
1373:Méhul
1323:Loewe
1318:Liszt
1298:Kuula
1258:Holst
1238:Grieg
1218:Gomes
1198:Franz
1183:Foote
1178:Field
1173:Fauré
1163:Elgar
1143:Denza
1068:Bruch
1048:Bizet
1008:Beach
993:Auber
978:Alkan
538:Works
468:Pixis
413:from
364:Erard
136:Liszt
125:When
4173:Frye
4100:Ward
4095:Veit
4050:Rude
4000:Koch
3975:Gude
3970:Goya
3920:Dahl
3910:Cole
3238:Adam
3186:Wolf
2929:U.S.
2828:Zmaj
2458:Beer
2397:Hugo
2344:Reis
2324:Dias
2188:Hero
2123:Post
2084:Jena
2054:Dark
1725:Lied
1663:Wolf
1513:Rode
1503:Ries
1483:Raff
1308:Lalo
973:Adam
879:ISBN
858:ISBN
830:ISBN
775:ISBN
740:ISBN
718:ISBN
348:for
281:and
154:and
134:and
43:The
3670:Sor
3543:Cui
2976:Poe
2109:Pre
2104:Neo
1568:Sor
1113:Cui
584:doi
287:the
211:to
203:to
169:'s
4364::
4325:←
869:,
582:.
578:.
574:.
492:,
354:.
297:,
158:.
142:,
114:,
110:,
4338:→
1943:e
1936:t
1929:v
1811:"
1807:"
940:e
933:t
926:v
590:.
586::
520:.
429:.
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
63:.
53:.
20:)
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