1716:
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628:(1926), he searched for the deepest meaning of English history. Cannadine says he reported they were "the nation's evolution and identity: parliamentary government, the rule of law, religious toleration, freedom from continental interference or involvement, and a global horizon of maritime supremacy and imperial expansion".
667:
English history ... His work has one other great and enduring merit: the tradition within which it was written. The
Victorian liberals and their Edwardian successors have made one of the greatest contributions to science and to culture ever made by a ruling class. To these by birth and by instinct Trevelyan belonged.
410:, an important British political movement from the 17th to the mid-19th centuries, as well as its successor, the Liberal Party. Whigs and Liberals believed the common people had a more positive effect on history than did royalty and that democratic government would bring about steady social progress.
558:
Historian Lucy Voakes argues that his
Garibaldi project was part of a larger movement among English intellectuals to consolidate, celebrate and sometimes to critique liberal culture and politics. She sees Trevelyan's conception of the hero, and his study of the Italian Risorgimento emerging from his
553:
hero—poet, patriot, and man of action—whose inspired leadership created the
Italian nation. For Trevelyan, Garibaldi was the champion of freedom, progress, and tolerance, who vanquished the despotism, reaction, and obscurantism of the Austrian empire and the Neapolitan monarchy. The books were also
666:
What is perhaps most frequently forgotten, or ignored, is the skill of his literary craftsmanship. Trevelyan was a born writer and a natural storyteller; and this, among historians, is a rare gift ... If one quality is to be singled out, is should be this, for all historians he is the poet of
639:
During the first half of the twentieth century
Trevelyan was the most famous, the most honored, the most influential and the most widely read historian of his generation. He was a scion of the greatest historical dynasty that (Britain) has ever produced. He knew and corresponded with many of the
583:
in 1935, describing him as a "first rate man", but also stating that "He has passed through the communist measles that so many of our clever young men go through, and is well out of it". In 1940 he was appointed as Master of
Trinity College and served in the post until 1951 when he retired.
427:
417:
trilogy, "reeking with bias", he remarked in his essay "Bias in
History": "Without bias, I should never have written them at all. For I was moved to write them by a poetical sympathy with the passions of the Italian patriots of the period, which I retrospectively shared."
984:
Published during the darkest days of World War Two, it painted a nostalgic picture of
England's glorious past as the beacon of liberty and progress, stirring patriotic feelings and becoming his best selling book, also his last major history
653:
Trevelyan's reputation as a historian barely survived his death in 1962. He is now amongst the great unread, widely regarded by the professionals of a later generation as a pontificating old windbag, as short on cutting edge as on reliable
554:
notable for their vivid evocation of landscape (Trevelyan had himself followed the course of
Garibaldi's marches), for their innovative use of documentary and oral sources, and for their spirited accounts of battles and military campaigns.
644:
Once called "probably the most widely read historian in the world; perhaps in the history of the world", Trevelyan saw how two world wars shook the belief in progress. Historiography had changed and the belief in progress declined.
1239:
623:
Shocked by the horrors of the Great War he saw as an ambulance driver just behind the front lines, Trevelyan became more appreciative of conservatism as a positive force, and less insistent that progress was inevitable. In
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greatest figures of his time... For fifty years, Trevelyan acted as a public moralist, public teacher and public benefactor, wielding unchallenged cultural authority among the governing and the educated classes of his day.
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730:
His first book, based on his fellowship dissertation. The title of this work is somewhat misleading, since it concentrates on the political, social and religious conditions of
England during the later years of
1419:
Francesco degli Azzoni
Avogadro, L'Amico del Re - Il diario di guerra inedito dell'Aiutante di campo di Vittorio Emanuele III, Leggiamo la Grande Guerra, I, Gaspari editor, 2009, ISBN 88-7541-177-8
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principles in accessible works of literate narrative unfettered by scholarly neutrality, his style becoming old-fashioned in the course of his long and productive career. The historian
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Trevelyan lectured at Cambridge until 1903, at which point he left academic life to become a full-time writer. In 1927, he returned to the university to take up a position as
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great work was his Garibaldi trilogy (1907–11), which established his reputation as the outstanding literary historian of his generation. It depicted Garibaldi as a
94:
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680:
ambulance unit on the Italian front; his defective eyesight meant he was unfit for military service. On 24 December 1915, he was personally decorated by king
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The third son, George Macaulay Trevelyan (b. 1876), became well known as a brilliant historical writer, notably with two books on Garibaldi (1907 and 1909)
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chase where both hounds and hares are human. In 1898, he won a fellowship at Trinity with a dissertation that was published the following year as
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568:
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His magnum opus in 3 volumes: "Blenheim" (1930), "Ramillies and the Union with Scotland" (1932), "Peace and the Protestant Succession" (1934).
2129:
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promotion of a distinctly "English" patriotism based upon Whig gradualism, parliamentary monarchy and a hierarchical anti-republicanism.
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Voakes, Lucy Turner. "The Risorgimento and English literary history, 1867–1911: the liberal heroism of Trevelyan's Garibaldi."
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Lucy Turner Voakes, "The Risorgimento and English literary history, 1867–1911: the liberal heroism of Trevelyan's Garibaldi."
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and the YHA headquarters are called Trevelyan House in his honour. He worked tirelessly through his career on behalf of the
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Hernon, Jr.; Joseph, M. (1976). "The Last Whig Historian and Consensus History: George Macaulay Trevelyan, 1876–1962".
735:'s life only. Six of the nine chapters are devoted to the years 1377–1385, while the last two treat the history of the
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Trevelyan in 1910 with his eldest son, Theo, and father, Sir G. O. Trevelyan. Theo died of appendicitis in 1911.
702:, in preserving not merely historic houses, but historic landscapes. He was an International Honorary Member of the
2149:
1929:
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1999:
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71:
529:, enchanted the young Trevelyan with his great wisdom and his belief in moral judgement and individual liberty.
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1979:
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681:
336:
29:
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Hernon, Joseph M. "The Last Whig Historian and Consensus History: George Macaulay Trevelyan, 1876–1962".
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Trevelyan's parents used Welcombe as a winter resort after they inherited it in 1890. They looked upon
357:
117:
2009:
1939:
772:
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360:, from 1898 to 1903. He then spent more than twenty years as a full-time author. He returned to the
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1934:
471:
361:
163:
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1225:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255; see final three lines.
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from 1382 until the Reformation. The work is critical of Roman Catholicism in favor of Wycliffe.
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for having bravely cleared out a military hospital made target of Austro-Hungarian fire.
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as a great hero who stood for British ideals of liberty. According to historian
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Select Documents for Queen Anne's Reign, Down to the Union with Scotland 1702-7
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This volume marks the entry of a new foreign historian in the field of Italian
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1297:"Archive – Guy Burgess at the BBC – Memo quoting a recommendation for Burgess"
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in 1950, and was an honorary doctor of many universities including Cambridge.
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2019:
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1431:"Englishmen and Italians: Some Aspects of Their Relations, Past and Present"
51:
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1959:
1944:
1919:
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1739:
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Winkler, Henry R. "George Macaulay Trevelyan" in E. William Helperin, ed.,
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470:, who had served as Secretary for Scotland, under Liberal Prime Ministers
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Liberal Epic: The Victorian Practice of History from Gibbon to Churchill
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571:, where the single student whose doctorate he agreed to supervise was
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Trevelyan made his own reputation by depicting Italian patriot
1396:
Women in the War Zone: Hospital Service in the First World War
426:
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In 1919, he delivered the British Academy's Italian Lecture.
399:
considered Trevelyan to be one of the last historians of the
575:(1936). During his professorship, he was also familiar with
372:
of Trinity College from 1940 to 1951. In retirement, he was
1655:"GM Trevelyan: a historian in tune with his time, and ours"
1098:
Adrian, L. (1963). "George Macaulay Trevelyan 1876-1962".
462:. Today Welcombe is a hotel and spa for tourists visiting
2205:
Members of the University of Cambridge faculty of history
1867:
1520:
Kriehn, George (1899). "England in the Age of Wycliffe".
599:
at Durham University is named after him. He won the 1920
580:
1127:
Carr, E. H. (2001). "The Historian and His Facts".
509:, where he specialised in history, Trevelyan studied at
466:'s birthplace. On his paternal side, he was the son of
1563:
Grey, Nelson H.; Trevelyan, George Macaulay (2008).
1101:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
1053:
863:
British History in the Nineteenth Century, 1782–1901
413:
Trevelyan's history is engaged and partisan. Of his
513:, where he was a member of the secret society, the
1565:"Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic (1907)"
955:
866:. London, New York, Longmans, Green, and Co. 1922.
434:Trevelyan was born into late Victorian Britain in
1329:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 271.
2091:
1678:George Macaulay Trevelyan. A Portrait in Letters
1428:
352:(16 February 1876 – 21 July 1962) was a British
1379:Plumb, J. H. (1983) "G.M. Trevelyan". In:
1255:
1253:
1198:Journey into Wallington historian's own history
947:as a tyrant whose excesses led directly to the
517:and founder of the still existing Lake Hunt, a
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1203:
2195:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2145:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1853:
1562:
1322:
1392:
1349:
1250:
1162:
765:The Poetry and Philosophy of George Meredith
2180:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
1860:
1846:
706:(1931) and an International Member of the
676:During World War I, Trevelyan commanded a
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16:British historian and academic (1876–1962)
2165:Fellows of the Royal Society (Statute 12)
1588:
1238:
873:Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848
774:Garibaldi's Defence of the Roman Republic
725:England in the Age of Wycliffe, 1368–1520
694:Trevelyan was the first president of the
618:
587:Trevelyan declined the presidency of the
391:. He espoused Macaulay's staunch liberal
2230:Regius Professors of History (Cambridge)
1264:"Trevelyan, George Macaulay (1876–1962)"
1240:"Trevelyan, George Macaulay (TRVN893GM)"
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1475:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1268:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
303: 1904; died 1956)
2092:
1820:Chancellor of the University of Durham
1097:
501:, as their real home. After attending
385:Sir George Otto Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet
2190:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge
1869:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge
1841:
1640:(University of Virginia Press, 2011).
1145:
1093:
1091:
990:Trinity College: An Historical Sketch
886:. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday. 1953.
802:. Longmans, Green and Company. 1911.
792:. Longmans, Green, and Company. 1909.
728:. Longmans, Green, and Company. 1900.
704:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2130:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
1793:Master of Trinity College, Cambridge
1648:"G. M. Trevelyan: A Life in History"
1126:
1072:Historiography of the United Kingdom
713:
562:
2215:People educated at Wixenford School
1745:Mitchell McNaylor, "G.M. Trevelyan"
911:Sir George Otto Trevelyan: A Memoir
671:
525:. One professor at the university,
446:owned by his maternal grandfather,
13:
1630:
1435:Proceedings of the British Academy
1216:"Trevelyan, Sir George Otto"
1088:
569:Regius Professor of Modern History
480:Sir Charles Trevelyan, 1st Baronet
406:Many of his writings promoted the
14:
2256:
1717:Works by or about G. M. Trevelyan
1710:
1016:An Autobiography and Other Essays
928:The English Revolution, 1688–1689
799:Garibaldi and the Making of Italy
718:Trevelyan was a prolific author:
633:G.M. Trevelyan: A Life in History
468:Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet
356:and academic. He was a Fellow of
2210:People educated at Harrow School
2140:Chancellors of Durham University
2078:
1767:
1689:. London: Duckworth, 1995, 1–11.
1077:Liberalism in the United Kingdom
1056:
931:. T. Butterworth Limited. 1938.
368:from 1927 to 1943. He served as
2220:People from Stratford-upon-Avon
2125:20th-century English memoirists
2120:20th-century English historians
2110:19th-century English historians
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846:The Recreations of an Historian
601:James Tait Black Memorial Prize
383:Trevelyan was the third son of
300:
72:Chancellor of Durham University
2160:Fellows of the British Academy
2115:20th-century British essayists
1590:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t04x5vt29
1569:The American Historical Review
1522:The American Historical Review
1359:. A&C Black. p. 254.
1289:
1273:
1232:
1191:
1165:The American Historical Review
1120:
958:A Shortened History of England
708:American Philosophical Society
686:Silver Medal of Military Valor
611:in 1925, made a fellow of the
607:, was elected a fellow of the
523:England in the Age of Wycliffe
153:Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian
1:
2200:Members of the Order of Merit
2135:British people of World War I
1623:(4467): 609–610. 7 June 1893.
1617:by George Macaulay Trevelyan"
1326:The English and Their History
1200:. Journal Live. 17 April 2009
1082:
840:. T. C. and E. C. Jack. 1919.
827:Clio, A Muse and Other Essays
421:
1704:Some 20th-Century Historians
854:Lord Grey of the Reform Bill
682:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
605:Lord Grey of the Reform Bill
591:but served as chancellor of
532:
7:
1813:The Marquess of Londonderry
1766:(public domain audiobooks)
1471:"George Macaulay Trevelyan"
1244:A Cambridge Alumni Database
1049:
366:Regius Professor of History
160:Regius Professor of History
95:The Marquess of Londonderry
10:
2261:
1751:Trinity College, Cambridge
1668:American Historical Review
1246:. University of Cambridge.
1042:A Layman's Love of Letters
789:Garibaldi and the Thousand
748:. Psychology Press. 2002.
511:Trinity College, Cambridge
358:Trinity College, Cambridge
118:Trinity College, Cambridge
56:Trevelyan photographed by
2235:British social historians
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2010:William Hepworth Thompson
1875:
1826:
1817:
1809:
1799:
1790:
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1749:The Master of Trinity at
1550:England under the Stuarts
1429:Trevelyan, G. M. (1919).
745:England Under the Stuarts
696:Youth Hostels Association
454:merchant and the Liberal
389:Thomas Babington Macaulay
333:George Macaulay Trevelyan
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2245:Younger sons of baronets
2185:Macaulay family of Lewis
1760:Works by G. M. Trevelyan
1726:Works by G. M. Trevelyan
1356:Portraits and Miniatures
901:England Under Queen Anne
58:George Charles Beresford
2150:English autobiographers
1687:Historians I Have Known
1680:. Pentland Books, 2001.
1546:Smith, David L. (2002)
1381:British Writers. Vol VI
1283:15.4 (2010): 433-450.
1222:Encyclopædia Britannica
837:Scenes From Italy's War
818:The Life of John Bright
631:Cannadine concluded in
484:Great Famine of Ireland
362:University of Cambridge
164:University of Cambridge
2000:Christopher Wordsworth
1830:The Earl of Scarbrough
1696:15.4 (2010): 433–450.
1323:Tombs, Robert (2015).
1114:10.1098/rsbm.1963.0017
1008:History and the Reader
969:English Social History
962:. Penguin Books. 1987.
669:
656:
642:
619:Place in British ideas
556:
478:, and the grandson of
448:Robert Needham Philips
444:large house and estate
431:
387:, and great-nephew of
141:Sir J. J. Thomson
107:The Earl of Scarbrough
2170:Historians of England
1393:Powell, Anne (2009).
1034:Carlyle: An Anthology
664:
651:
637:
547:
429:
266:Holy Trinity Church,
2015:Henry Montagu Butler
1990:Thomas Postlethwaite
1670:81.1 (1976): 66–97.
1500:search.amphilsoc.org
1496:"APS Member History"
760:Covers 1603 to 1714.
456:Member of Parliament
25:G. M. Trevelyan
2225:Red Cross personnel
2175:Historians of Italy
2155:English biographers
1995:William Lort Mansel
1890:John Christopherson
1753:, Internet website
1534:10.1086/ahr/5.1.120
949:Glorious Revolution
658:On the other hand,
595:from 1950 to 1958.
231:Stratford-upon-Avon
1786:Sir Joseph Thomson
1706:(1961), pp. 31–56.
1653:Cannadine, David.
1453:"Italian Lectures"
883:History of England
626:History of England
603:for the biography
539:Giuseppe Garibaldi
515:Cambridge Apostles
432:
2240:Trevelyan College
2087:
2086:
1836:
1835:
1827:Succeeded by
1800:Succeeded by
1778:Academic offices
1406:978-0-7509-5059-6
1399:. History Press.
979:978-0-582-48488-7
938:978-7-240-01048-8
904:. Longmans. 1930.
809:978-1-84212-473-4
755:978-0-415-27785-3
714:Trevelyan's works
678:British Red Cross
597:Trevelyan College
593:Durham University
563:Role in education
472:William Gladstone
440:Stratford-on-Avon
378:Durham University
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1644:Cannadine, David
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476:Earl of Rosebery
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228:16 February 1876
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209:Personal details
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2005:William Whewell
1985:John Hinchliffe
1975:Richard Bentley
1940:John Arrowsmith
1915:John Richardson
1895:Robert Beaumont
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1736:G. M. Trevelyan
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1660:Daily Telegraph
1636:Adams, Edward.
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1631:Further reading
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2030:Edgar Adrian
2024:
1980:Robert Smith
1970:John Montagu
1960:Isaac Barrow
1955:John Pearson
1945:John Wilkins
1920:Leonard Mawe
1885:William Bill
1818:
1803:Edgar Adrian
1791:
1740:Find a Grave
1703:
1694:Modern Italy
1693:
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1684:Rowse, A. L.
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1503:. Retrieved
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1345:
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1306:. Retrieved
1300:
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1281:Modern Italy
1280:
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1171:(1): 66–97.
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450:, a wealthy
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382:
332:
331:
268:Chapel Stile
247:(1962-07-21)
245:21 July 1962
235:Warwickshire
194:Succeeded by
171:
148:Succeeded by
125:
102:Succeeded by
79:
18:
2105:1962 deaths
2100:1876 births
2060:Martin Rees
2055:Amartya Sen
1950:Henry Ferne
1935:Thomas Hill
1880:John Redman
1615:John Bright
1613:"Review of
1505:27 February
1480:27 February
1108:: 315–321.
660:J. H. Plumb
647:Roy Jenkins
577:Guy Burgess
573:J. H. Plumb
464:Shakespeare
182:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
90:Preceded by
2094:Categories
2035:Rab Butler
1965:John North
1905:John Still
1824:1950–1957
1797:1940–1951
1730:Faded Page
1548:Review of
1138:0333977017
1083:References
527:Lord Acton
474:, and the
452:Lancashire
422:Early life
408:Whig Party
397:E. H. Carr
374:Chancellor
319:Occupation
290:, née Ward
224:1876-02-16
1441:: 91–108.
1302:bbc.co.uk
943:Portrays
684:with the
551:Carlylean
533:Garibaldi
503:Wixenford
458:(MP) for
415:Garibaldi
354:historian
322:Historian
282:Spouse(s)
258:, England
252:Cambridge
237:, England
176:1927–1943
172:In office
130:1940–1951
126:In office
84:1950–1957
80:In office
1764:LibriVox
1732:(Canada)
1353:(2011).
1262:(2004).
1050:See also
1018:. 1949.
992:. 1943.
972:. 1944.
945:James II
737:Lollards
733:Wycliffe
662:argued:
649:argued:
635:(1992):
364:and was
311:Children
70:6th
1719:at the
1650:, 1998.
1599:1834542
1308:27 July
1185:1863741
1044:. 1954.
1036:. 1953.
1010:. 1945.
921:. 1937.
913:. 1932.
894:. 1929.
876:. 1923.
856:. 1920.
848:. 1919.
830:. 1949.
820:. 1913.
777:. 1907.
767:. 1906.
305:
297:
293:
276:Cumbria
60:in 1926
1698:online
1672:online
1597:
1403:
1363:
1333:
1285:Online
1183:
1135:
1022:
996:
976:
935:
806:
752:
654:facts.
507:Harrow
442:, the
370:Master
114:Master
1595:JSTOR
1181:JSTOR
985:book.
347:
343:
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299:(
295:
40:
36:
32:
1507:2023
1482:2023
1401:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1331:ISBN
1310:2015
1133:ISBN
1020:ISBN
994:ISBN
974:ISBN
933:ISBN
804:ISBN
750:ISBN
505:and
460:Bury
393:Whig
242:Died
214:Born
1762:at
1738:at
1728:at
1585:hdl
1577:doi
1530:doi
1173:doi
1110:doi
581:BBC
497:in
376:of
349:FBA
345:FRS
341:CBE
116:of
42:FBA
38:FRS
34:CBE
2096::
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1593:.
1583:.
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1571:.
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314:3
226:)
222:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
