GIO Building - Knowledge

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Scott lodged an application for the enclosure of the northern lightwell in 1938, which was adjacent to the recently completed APA Building on Martin Place. Documentation describing major extensions to the building on the site of 68-70 Elizabeth Street was lodged in July 1938. This necessitated the demolition of a building called Dymocks Chambers on Elizabeth Street and Northfield Chambers (erected around 1888) at 163 Phillip Street. In June 1939 it was proposed to construct a floor across a lightwell on the fifth floor. The same architects were involved with the building continued after World War Two, but by this time was known as EA & TM Scott. They were responsible for the design and documentation associated with the construction of a mezzanine level between the sixth and seventh floors in 1946-47, a fan room on the western side of the roof of the extension and the construction of lavatory accommodation at the Phillip Street level.

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Elizabeth Street side held aloft the gilded balloon representing the sun, whilst the tower on the Phillip Street side contained an observation platform. Below it, a cafeteria for the use of staff opened out onto the roof over the Elizabeth Street side of the building. Such staff amenities were relatively common parts of interwar office building design, but evidently not so common in other newspaper offices. A hospital located on the thirteenth floor was another facility provided for the benefit of the staff, as was a "mechanical suite where each departmental foreman has his own table, and mechanical toilets with enclosed showers, etc." Further consideration was shown for the staff by the use of "Vita glass" in a number of the building's windows. This proprietary glass was claimed to allow the passage of ultra violet radiation, and so benefit those working behind it.

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Hood's Chicago Tribune Building of 1922-25. Indeed, this precedent was acknowledged in the Australian architectural press. The adaptation of Gothic embellishments and its inherent verticality was though appropriate as an expression of the height and vertical thrust of tall buildings in America during the 1920s. The major examples of this style of architecture in Sydney were designed and built between 1926 and 1930. The style effectively formed a bridge between the dominant Commercial Palazzo idiom of the 1920s and the Art Deco style of the late 1920s and 1930s - "... relatively few buildings were built in this style, but they provided potent images which had effects on the Art Deco style." Its characteristics, a number of which appear in the facades of 60-70 Elizabeth Street, include concentrated "medieval" motifs and detailing concentrated at the base and

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manufactured in a straightforward fashion - selected stone was crushed into chips and dust, then washed and mixed with a special cement. It was then poured into moulds of the required configuration. The Sun Building was the first major project in Sydney, if not Australia, to make use of this material. The decorative potential of stone was exploited to enhance parts of the interior as well. The main entrance vestibule was ornamented in "richly coloured" Cudgegong marble, whilst the main entrance stair landings and mid landings were tiled with panels depicting Apollo, the Sun God. By contract, the rest of the interiors were considered to be quite plain. The newspaper took pride in the fact that "wherever possible" Australian materials, "in keeping with the national character of the paper" were used.

639:, helped no doubt by promotional stunts such as motor boats bearing Sun posters speeding around the harbour and a chariot drawn by seven horses driven by a golden haired "Apollo" traversing Sydney's streets. The new newspaper turned out to be no less surprising, with news on the front page instead of the expected advertising and changes to the conventional layout of newspapers from that era. The sun was successful because, amongst other things, its publishers made great and innovative use of a cable service from overseas and gave a large amount of its space over to crime and human interest stories. Further increases in circulation meant that the premises occupied by the newspaper became inadequate, so land at the rear of the 1220:

is quite possible that it was decided to locate the two rooms here whilst the building was under construction, or they may have been relocated from another level during the works carried out during the 1980s. Original fabric in these spaces includes timber wall panelling, timber parquet floor and a fireplace with a low panelled timber ceiling above it in the board room. The ceiling above the rest of the Board Room may also be original. The ante room has only retained early timber wall panelling, although earlier ceilings may be concealed above the existing suspended ceiling, and original flooring may be concealed beneath present coverings. Wall mounted light fixtures and other luminaires are recent fabric.

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documented alterations to the main entrance off Phillip Street, partitions on the ninth floor and alterations to provide a car park, which included the construction of a series of ramps and "mezzanine" levels between the existing floor slabs. Between 1961 and 1964 their work included alterations to toilets and associated spaces, further alterations on the ninth floor, a covered way on the roof, a new tea room on the sixth floor, alterations on the seventh floor, and alterations to the "tank". In 1968 major upgrading of the mechanical ventilation system was documented and two years later plans were prepared for and alterations to the ground floor.

1237:, which ran from 1910 until the 1980s. Sun Newspapers Limited occupied this site from 1929 until 1939. Joseph Kethel won the architectural competition top design the building. After the liquidation of Sun Newspapers in August 1939, the building was owned by Associated Newspapers Ltd. This building was the last of the great newspaper buildings to be built in the Sydney central business district, and the spectacular Skyscraper Gothic style confidently portrayed the commercial power of the media. The former Sun Building is one of only three in the city to be designed in this architectural style; with the other two being the 580:

important in the middle of this decade to warrant separate listing in Sands Sydney and suburban directory. Its mixed tenants included artists, merchants, watchmakers, surveyors, and most of all, solicitors and barristers. A photograph of the building taken in May 1926, shortly before it was demolished, shows its Elizabeth Street facade to have been a restrained three storey building with a high parapet and a simple tripartite fenestration pattern. At the same time, the Phillip Street facade was more elaborate in its decorative treatment and punctuated by arched openings, in addition to being a storey taller.

607:, for a loan to assist these funding requirements. Despite obtaining the loan, in a relatively short period of time the Australian Newspaper Company found itself contemplating the very real prospect of liquidation. One of its directors, Herbert Easton, induced Sir Hugh Denison to examine the company's position, and the result was that a consortium of a number of Sydney's businessmen formed a new company that was called the Sun Newspaper Company Limited. Two of the board of the Australian Newspaper Company served on the board of the new organisation, and a complete overhaul of its publications was made. 1058:

were documented by the architectural firm of Keers Banks and Maitland. This resulted in the removal of all the interior fabric excepting structural items from the ground levels upwards and installation of new services, lifts, stairs and toilet areas. New plant room accommodation was constructed at roof level, many windows were replaced and the introduction of retail tenancies on the ground floors resulted in modifications to the facades at street level. Since these extensive modifications were completed, there have been various alterations related to internal partitioning and changes in tenancies.

824:...he five great openings at the bottom are dignified enough in themselves, only with their turned columns of Tuscan form and darker material, they do not appear to be in keeping with the rest of the ornament, which is applied to, rather than embodied in the composition. The symbol of the firm - the sun - held like a great balloon in the sky is the most daring and outstanding feature of the work. The seven floors in the shaft of the building, contained in five vertical bays, are essentially commercial and severely plain, probably intended to throw the ornamental proportions into high relief.. 51: 31: 674:, which only stretched between George and Pitt Streets, was renamed Martin Place as well. Evidently Sun Newspapers Ltd recognised that the extension would eventually take place, reflected by the purchase of the property between Elizabeth and Phillip Streets from Josephson and Wilson that concluded in February 1921. The building occupied by Sun Newspapers Ltd was located at the head of Martin Place and so right in the path of the proposed extension of the street through from Castlereagh Street to 571:

between Hunter and King streets showed that "with few exceptions the whole of the buildings are of modern construction, and being situated in the vicinity of the Supreme Court, are principally occupied as Chambers by the Barristers, and other members of the Legal Profession". Wentworth Chambers consisted of two single storeyed gabled buildings with an open passage running between them. Josephson appears to have lived or operated chambers on the opposite side of the street at the same period.

58: 1333: 632:, Australian newspapers did not have front windows for the display of their best goods, but now most of them have followed the fashion of printing their leading news items on the front page. Sedater schools of journalism looked askance at many of Mr. Grover's "revolutionary" changes, but the public evinced a growing appetite for them. Crispness and brightness of presentation in all department of news was the aim. 920:. At this time Associated Newspapers were possessed of only one active subsidiary company in the form of Sun Newspapers Limited. It was decided to consolidate these interests and reduce operating expenses by amalgamating the two companies, and to this end Sun Newspapers was voluntarily liquidated on 29 March 1937. S. Bennett Limited was the next subsidiary to go, and was liquidated during 1938, whilst the 513:

of 1851. The John Harper mortgaged the property to John Thomas Neale in December 1864, but about three years later it was sold to Jacob Christian Fischer, probably as a means of settling the payment of the mortgage. After Jacob Fischer died in August 1894 titled passed to his widow Jane, and on her death in December 1905 to her son George. On 1 July 1908 it was then conveyed from George Fischer to Sir

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resumed this land the previous year, in August 1930. An application to demolish the buildings which stood on this land was made in November 1933. The site was expanded yet again by a new title in March 1936 from the addition of part of Lot 7 and part of Lot 8 in Section 40, purchased from the Council of the City of Sydney in November 1935. The Council had resumed the land in May 1935.

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mechanical ventilation system installed in any Australian building of the time, (no doubt due in part to there being three floors constructed below the level of Phillip Street) while the exhaust fan in the system was the largest that had yet been installed in any Australian building up to that time. The basement levels contained the printing machinery and heavy storage.

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Generally the office levels reflect fitouts undertaken by the various tenants. For instance, the foyer on the fifth floor has an "Art Deco" theme, designed by the Department of Public works around 1996. Lift lobbies are also given some distinction according to tenant requirements such as the lobby on

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The subject building is identified as occupying Lot 1 D.P. 87319 at 60-70 Elizabeth Street and 153-163 Phillip Street. It consists of a structural steel, reinforced concrete and masonry structure, and contains seven basement levels given over to car parking, a lower ground and ground floor level, and

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After ownership of the building was transferred to Associated Newspaper Ltd during the liquidation of Sun Newspapers in August 1939, from the next month part of the basement was leased by the Sydney City Council. Associated Newspapers Limited finally became proprietor of the land on 17 December 1953.

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During the second half of the 1930s architects Scott Green and Scott were responsible for the design and documentation of a series of alterations and additions to the building (refer to Appendix 3). In June 1936 Scott Green and Scott lodged an application to the building. In June 1936 Scott Green and

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from Smith's Newspapers Ltd and the remaining shares in Daily Telegraph Pictorial Ltd were purchased in February 1930. The directors of the company were forced to undertake some drastic measures as a result of the economic depression of the early 1930s and correspondingly reduced circulating revenue.

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Joseph Josephson was born in 1815 in Hamburg, and arrived with his mother in Sydney in 1820. He displayed great musical talent and was teaching music by 1834. On 17 February 1844 he became a solicitor, the same year in which he was elected to the Sydney City Council to represent Cook Ward. In 1848 he

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The Board Room on the seventh floor presently forms part of the Attorney General's tenancy. It and the adjacent ante room are part of the building's early fabric. Kethel's 1927 drawings do not indicate a board room at this level nor does it appear in Scott, Green & Scott's 1938 documentation. It

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The exterior of the building was designed in what has become known as the Interwar Skyscraper Gothic style. There were relatively few buildings erected in this style in Australia, which showed the influence of American skyscraper design of the 1920s, the most notable example of which was Howells and

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Evidently Sun Newspapers Ltd foresaw the need to expand its new premises within the next decade, for its site was enlarged in October 1931 by the acquisition of a new title from the Sydney City Council of a part of the former Allotment 7, 68-70 Elizabeth Street. The Council of the City of Sydney had

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The title of the land was transferred to Sydney Arthur Josephson and William Edward Wilson as joint tenants. Title to the land was transferred from Josephson and Wilson to Sun Newspapers Ltd in stages, from May 1920 to February 1921. The site was then consolidated when Sun Newspapers Ltd purchased a

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and decorative detailing at the top of the building and parapets. The facades were originally symmetrical and arranged in a tripartite configuration broken into five bays of windows of unequal width, but this configuration has since been obscured by the additions that were erected during the latter

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As a group, the buildings provide a valuable demonstration of the ways in which architectural styles in tall office buildings evolved during the interwar period, and are evidence of the major changes that took place in this part of the city as a result of extending Martin Place to Macquarie Street.

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60-70 Elizabeth Street has strong visual associations with other interwar office buildings in this part of the city. They include the former APA Building to its immediate north at 53 Martin Place, the former State Savings Bank at 48-50 Martin Place and the former MLC Building at 42-46 Martin Place.

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From 1959 onwards the building was subjected to numerous programs of alteration and modification, and for a number of years these were designed by the architectural firm of Morrow and Gordon. The modifications carried out under their direction affected a large part of the building. In 1959 the firm

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was sold to the Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate Pty Ltd. On 26 January 1938, the company launched a "pioneer journey in Pictorial News in Australia", Pix. During 1939 and 1940 the company invested in new plant and machinery to allow for expanded circulation and business, whilst at the

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Kethel was responsible for a number of earlier buildings for Sun Newspapers, so it is not surprising that he received the commission for 60-70 Elizabeth Street, for he designed the newspaper's earlier building in Castlereagh Street and its premises in Newcastle. He also designed a buildings for the

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Architect Joseph Kethel lodged an application for a new building with the Sydney City Council on 18 January 1926, and the following May another application was lodged, this one for the demolition of Wentworth Court. However, two months later an application was ledged, this one for the demolition of

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Newspaper Co Ltd, which had been founded in 1879 and had erected a very large building at the corner of King and Castlereagh Streets between 1912 and 1916, found itself falling behind in this competitive era. A new company was set up to incorporate the Daily Telegraph Newspaper Co Ltd, with holding

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newspapers published in Sydney during that decade. However, after 1901 the company began to run at a loss. In 1907 it started attempts to raise capital, and towards the end of 1908 it needed to raise capital to fund new plant and for other purposes. The chairman of the Company, Sir Robert Anderson,

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The land granted to Francis Wild in 1836 was hotly contested several years later by Bridge Jagon, who claimed to be his widow, and John and Mary Harper, who claimed to have been left the land in Wild's will. A ruling was made in favour of Mary Harper and it came into her possession at the beginning

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The major part of the site consists of that portion located on the part of Allotment 7, one of several adjoining parcels of land granted to Jacob Josephson. Josephson was a jeweller by profession, a Jewish Christian who reached Sydney in May 1818 as a result of being convicted of having forged bank

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Unlike the exterior of the building, virtually all of the building's interior were removed as part of the alterations that were carried out during the 1980s. The only early fabric remaining in the building is the former board room and an adjacent anteroom of the seventh floor. There is very little

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granite, with emerald pearl around the windows and red granite on the Elizabeth Street facade. Above these levels it was clad in Benedict Stone of a soft grey hue. Benedict stone, apparently named after the person who invented it, appears to have been introduced in America during the 1880s. It was

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By 1842 Wentworth Chambers, the future site of 60-70 Elizabeth Street and possibly the "handsome enclosed series of Chambers" previously mentioned, had been erected on part of Josephson's grant. At the end of the 1840s the character of Elizabeth Street had undergone substantial change. The section

496:. The following year he travelled to England, entered Lincoln's Inn and was called to the Bar in April 1859. On his return to Sydney he practiced as a barrister and in 1862 became a land titles commissioner under the newly introduced Real Properties Act. During this decade he was a director of the 1137:

above the level of ground floor openings along the Phillip Street facade and the addition of large plant room spaces on the roof levels. Many of these alterations and additions were carried out during the 1980s. However, doors to the ground floor car part vestibule in Elizabeth Street may also be

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The pace of change continued unabated during the 1970s and 1980s. Extensive alterations were carried out in 1970 and 1971, while alterations to Floors 7, 9, 10 and 11 took place in 1972. All were designed by architect R. B. Keers. In 1985 major alterations to the building, valued at $ 12 million,

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Joseph Josephson's land was brought under the provisions of the Real Property Act in February 1863 by his son. It was one of the earliest properties in NSW to have been brought under these provisions, and at the time much of it was occupied by a number of houses that fronted Elizabeth and Phillip

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streets was "bounded on both sides ... by a series of irregular-built private dwellings - some of them having, however, a respectable appearance; but the principal buildings are towards the south end of the section, near which, a very handsome enclosed series of Chambers, for the use of the legal

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The land on which 60-70 Elizabeth Street stands comprises sections of three early land grants made in Section 40 of the City of Sydney. It includes land from part of Allotment 7, granted to Jacob Josephson on 5 April 1836, part of Allotment 18 granted to Francis Wilde (or Wild) on 14 May 1836 and

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The building is a rare example of a large Interwar Skyscraper Gothic style building in the City of Sydney, with a relatively intact exterior. It was the first major example of this style to be erected in Sydney, and may be the first to have been erected in Australia. The building also contains a

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The exterior of 60-70 Elizabeth Street has retained much of its early configuration and a relatively large amount of early fabric. The configuration of its facades is characteristic of many office buildings erected during the interwar period, consisting of a polished stone base (the ground floor

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Seven high speed lifts, travelling at the maximum permitted speed of 600 feet (182 metres) per minute were installed. This was amongst the largest lift installations in any Sydney office building during the interwar period. Some of the innovations to be found in the building included the largest

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One very unusual feature associated with the building was the two landscaped plots in front of the Elizabeth Street facade. A central path connected the main entry and the footpath along the street. The plots, protected by chains slung between posts, were enhanced by decorative pedestals amidst

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whose practice designed many major office buildings throughout Australia during the 1920s and into the 1930s. "After adjudication had been carried out in the usual way, and the names of the competitors kept sealed until after the award had been made, by a remarkable coincidence the winner, Mr J

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The appearance of the building's exterior excited interest because it was an example of the newly popular "commercial Gothic" idiom that enjoyed a brief flowering in Sydney and other Australian cities in the second half of the 1920s and into the early 1930s. This aroused mixed feelings in some

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Some aspects of the building reflected peculiarities inherent in the height restrictions current at the time, and because of the fall across the site the building effectively ended up with two different roof levels. Towers on either side of the building served different functions. That on the

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As at 27 August 2008, The GIO Building is historically significant because of its associations with Sun Newspapers Ltd newspaper publishing activities in Sydney during the first half of the twentieth century. Its site has associations with the historically prominent figure, Joshua Josephson.

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Apart from the Sun Building there were a number of large buildings erected for the publishers of newspapers in Sydney during the second and third decades of the twentieth century. They included the Daily Telegraph Building at the corner of King and Castlereagh Streets (now known as the Trust

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was the owner of the land. Wentworth Court, or Place as it was termed, was occupied by "weekly tenants" in the middle of the 1870s. By the first half of the 1880s the building was known as Wentworth Court and contained a ground floor and two upper levels. It was considered to be sufficiently

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The title was transferred from Associated Newspapers to the Government Insurance Office on 15 June 1955. The building was then extensively remodelled internally to suit the requirements of its new owners and many original finishes and fittings were swept away. The works were designed by the

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and invested in pastoral and city land. In 1868 he became solicitor general, but resigned from parliament in 1869 after his appointment as a district court judge. Josephson resigned in 1884 to devote more time to his private affairs, and died in January 1892. Lot 7, however, remained in the

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The ground floor levels contain retail tenancies and a large central circulation space that links Elizabeth and Phillip Streets. Wide stairs and an escalator accommodate the change in level. Finishes throughout date from the late 1980s and are dominated by the extensive use of light toned

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Apart from Morrow and Gordon, there were other architects who were responsible for work to the building in this period. For instance, the Melbourne-based architect Guildford Bell designed facilities for Ansett Transport Industries in the basement and ground floor levels during 1959.

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60-70 Elizabeth Street has important associations with Sun Newspapers Ltd, which did much to change the way in which newspapers were published in Sydney in the early part of the twentieth century, and with the subsequent publication of newspapers up until the mid twentieth century.

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earlier in the year that were concluded by the issue of shares to that company, to assist Associated Newspapers in improving its financial position. John Fairfax and Sons were also given representation on its Board. In June 1955, 60-70 Elizabeth Street was sold to the

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It is one of a number of large buildings erected specifically for the use of newspaper publishing in the second and third decades of the twentieth century in the City of Sydney. However, evidence of this past use has been removed from much of the building's interior.

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In the meantime, however, Sun Newspapers Ltd organised an architectural competition that was held in 1926, with six architects selected to submit entries, indicating that the newspaper was reconsidering its new premises. The entries were adjudicated by Professor

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The toilet areas throughout the building are fitted out with recently installed fabric, as are the lift cars. There are now five lifts, two fewer than when the building was first completed. The lift cars are lined in timber, with panelled timber ceilings.

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The building is an important part of the architectural fabric of the area around Martin Place, Elizabeth Street and Phillip Street and has strong visual relationship with the former APA Building and other major interwar office buildings in this locality.

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60-70 Elizabeth Street is an important work by the architect Joseph Kethel, who was responsible for the design of a number of buildings for newspaper publishers during the first third of the twentieth century and designed a wide range of other buildings.

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Kethel, turned out to be the architect who had carried out the "Sun" Newspapers' work for many years past..." Kethel lodged a revised application for the new building on 27 July 1927. The structural engineer for the project was E. Leslie James.

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end of 1939 a subsidiary company, Wireless Newspapers Pty Limited, was placed into voluntary liquidation. Around this time the company was also acquiring shares in Australian Newspaper Mills Pty Limited. Its stable of publications included the

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The building is aesthetically significant because it is possibly the first major Interwar Skyscraper Gothic style building in Sydney, of which it is also a rare example, and because it is a major building designed by architect Joseph Kethel.

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from July 1829 onwards, and was not associated with Joseph Roberts and also William Henry Roberts until September 1842. It remained in the possession of members of the Roberts family until 1874, when title to it was conveyed to John Starkey.

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Other modifications to the exterior of the building include: installation of new shop fronts on both facades; erection of canopies above the Phillip Street entrance and above shop fronts on the Elizabeth Street facade; recently installed

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The metal plant room roof has been damaged by pedestrian traffic across it, and screws fixing the roof sheeting have corroded, as have gutters associated with the roof. There has been some water penetration through the roof or from the

1046:. At the same time extensive repairs and refitting of the steel framed windows took place, and the whole of the works were completed by the middle of 1957. Associated Newspapers tenanted a part of the building until February 1963. 878:

On 1 October 1929 Sun Newspapers Ltd merged its interests with those of S. Bennett Ltd to form Associated Newspapers Limited, which was an operating as well as a holding company. The following January the new company purchased the

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Concrete is spalling off the stair structure and walls in a number of locations in the tower on the eastern side of the building, and corroding reinforcement has been exposed. There is also evidence of water penetration into the

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In the second half of 1970 half of Sungravure Pty Limited was sold to the International Publishing Corporation, an overseas company that was the world's largest publisher of magazines. Associated Newspapers now only published

993:. Magazine and job printing rights were sold to Sungravure Limited, mirroring continued difficulties within the company. By the end of 1956 W. O. Fairfax had become Chairman of Directors whilst production and distribution of 548:

By 1835 the land granted to Francis Wild and William Roberts was substantially developed but Josephson's more substantial adjoining lot was relatively empty, containing only four detached, domestically scaled buildings along

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The building has technical significance, due to its early and extensive use of the proprietary building material, Benedict stone. It is possibly the first major application of this material in a large city building in NSW.

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Wentworth Court. However, two months later an application was lodged by the building contractors Stuart Bros for the excavation of the site and yet another application was lodged for demolition a few days after that.

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A Structure and Facade Review of the building was undertaken by Ove Arup & Partners for Rider Hunt Terotech, and is appended to this report. The building was also inspected by Roy Lumby on 8 September 1999.

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The site has historical associations with the significant figure of Joshua Josephson, who was a prominent legal figure and for a time mayor of Sydney, as well as holding property interests in the city centre.

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building at the corner of Hunter and O'Connell Streets, designed by the architectural firm of Manson and Pickering and completed in 1929, and the Evening News Building designed by the architectural firm of

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House, they are found to be very convenient by the gentlemen of the law ..." Already the legal profession was congregating in this part of Sydney. Phillip Street, by contrast, was relatively undeveloped.

976:- and in the second half of 1949 Sungravure Limited was formed to take over the company's rotogravure printing activities. At the Annual General Meeting of Associated Newspapers held at the end of 1953, 1204:. Columns are faced with mirrored glass whilst ceilings are divided into recessed sections from which large light fixtures are suspended. Floor finishes consist of carpet surrounded by a marble margin. 660:, and erected a new four storey building in Hunter Street, Newcastle. This was designed by architect Joseph Kethel. During the second half of the 1920s the company expanded its interests still further. 1319:

The exterior of the building has technical significance because it was the first time that a proprietary synthetic stone, Benedict stone, was employed as the cladding of a major building in Sydney.

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Cracking has occurred in the roof parapet at the southern end of level 11 and the top of the plant room wall at the southern end of the building above level 11, on its eastern and western sides;

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and Sydney Moore Green, architects, in 1887. A number of business premises located in Sydney were designed in Kethel's office. They included the building for Alliance Assurance Company at 97

521:. He acquired a large amount of real estate, partly through inheritance, and between 1881 and 1900 he represented the Ward of Denison on the Sydney Municipal Council, and Sydney-Denison in the 1109:

part of the 1930s on the southern side of the building. Early metal framed windows still remain in place in the large arched openings above the ground floor levels on both facades, although a

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were incorporated into one newspaper. In this way the company published a morning, an evening and a Sunday newspaper. During 1936 the principal assets of S Bennett Limited were sold to

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The building is not considered to demonstrate any social significance. It does not appear to have any association with a contemporary community for social, spiritual or other reasons.

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Fittings and mechanisms on the original windows at the lower levels of the building are broken or ineffective in operation. Several of the windows do not seal properly when closed;

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eleven upper floors. The building is accessed via entries on Elizabeth and Phillip Streets, whilst vehicular access is located on the southern end of the Elizabeth Street

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building, extending back to Elizabeth Street, was purchased and a new building was erected over the entire site. The building was completed towards the end of 1915.

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sides and a flush ceiling decorated with plaster mouldings in a "Gothic" motif similar to that found in the ceiling of the early board room on the seventh floor.

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window above the Elizabeth Street entrance, visible in early photographs, has been removed. All other windows were replaced as part of the late 1980s works. The

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Areas of dampness are evident in basement levels due to water penetration through perimeter walls, particularly in the northwestern and south western corners.

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notes in his possession. He died in the first half of the 1840s, and his son Joshua Frey Josephson inherited his property, including Enmore House, in 1945.

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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

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expanses of lawn and young trees. Regretfully they were to have a short life, as this section of Elizabeth Street was widened around 1934.

366: 4072: 3659: 3266: 1021:. In a reversal of what had happened in 1970, on 21 April 1978 Associated Newspapers regained total ownership of Sungravure Pty Limited. 4026: 1745: 584:

large amount of Lot 18 from the Harris Family during 1927. It has not been ascertain when the company purchased Lot 8 or part thereof.

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part of Allotment 8 granted to Joseph Roberts on 29 December 1842, although all were in occupation for a number of years beforehand.

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cladding) that is extended into the upper part of the building by means of decorative detailing, a relatively plain shaft of window

628:...e succeeded so well that many of his differences have since become the routine of up-to-date journalism. Prior to the advent of 1661: 1499: 1494: 1266: 505: 460: 339: 1001:

premises. Employees were transferred to Sungravure and John Fairfax and Sons, which carried the bulk of newsprint requirements.

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profession, have been erected; communicating with Elizabeth and Phillip Street, and being in the immediate vicinity of the

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Some parts of the building are in defective condition. Theses have been identified by Ove Arup & Partners as follows:

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The property remained in the possession of the Harris family until 1927, when it was then sold to Sun Newspapers Limited.

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small amount of original internal fabric in the form of the boardroom on the seventh floor and the associated ante room.

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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

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The exterior of the building was clad in a rich variety of materials. The ground floor levels were finished with

493: 678:. This had been suggested as far back as 1909 by a Royal Commission into the improvement of the City of Sydney. 3987: 3936: 3840: 3821: 3811: 3704: 3398: 3386: 3368: 3343: 2974: 2894: 2560: 2477: 2417: 2304: 2234: 1963: 1931: 1738: 753:, both for William Rhodes (demolished), ecclesiastical buildings such as the former Fuller Memorial Church in 592:

The Australian Newspaper Company was one of several that published newspapers in Sydney during the 1890s. Its

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are covered with a proprietary membrane system, identified by Rider Hunt Terotech as "butynol". The original

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between 1894 and 1901. Harris served as Mayor of Sydney between 1898 and 1900. He later became president of

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There are a small number of locations where cement rendered surfaces are deteriorating and coming away;

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became Mayor of Sydney as well as a justice of the peace, and on 9 June 1855 he was admitted to the

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that sheltered the ground floor level of the Phillip Street facade has been removed, although the

980:

gave notice of his candidature for election to the Board. This followed on from negotiations with

859:

Building), designed by the architectural firm of Robertson & Marks and completed in 1916, The

3957: 3770: 3724: 3719: 3649: 3057: 2959: 2944: 2864: 2854: 2638: 2605: 2354: 2319: 2294: 2254: 1953: 1771: 711: 518: 4092: 3982: 3926: 3860: 3747: 3742: 3122: 3117: 2836: 2688: 2620: 2570: 2540: 2359: 2184: 1861: 1763: 1681: 1242: 1238: 1122: 977: 738: 737:, demolished) and numerous private residences and pastoral homesteads. The buildings included " 1664:

published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under

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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under

3972: 3865: 3614: 3484: 3082: 3072: 3047: 3009: 2673: 2334: 2324: 2274: 2244: 2229: 2146: 1978: 1891: 1801: 691: 1087:, and "Gothic" towers above the level of the roof to form a landmark on the city skyline. 8: 3850: 3734: 3639: 3564: 3137: 3112: 3107: 2741: 2575: 2550: 2530: 2520: 2515: 2369: 2249: 2161: 2040: 1841: 1831: 1786: 1338: 1209: 758: 670:

In January 1921 Moore Street, which extended between Pitt and Castlereagh Streets beyond

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Staining has taken place on facade paintwork and on the reconstructed stone surfaces;

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levels of the building, vertical expression achieved by the accentuation of window

1043: 1013:. By 1974 the parent company was deriving a trading profit from the publication of 998: 730:(demolished), major alterations to an office building at 16 Loftus Street, Sydney ( 715: 687: 617: 576: 553:. However, by the second half of the 1830s the section of Elizabeth Street between 1227:

The building was constructed in 1929 to house the offices and printing presses of

3714: 3654: 3579: 3494: 3448: 3172: 3042: 2979: 2924: 2759: 2314: 2151: 1866: 1806: 1796: 949: 796: 622: 594: 526: 440: 137: 3931: 3875: 3729: 3634: 3619: 3363: 3328: 3052: 3037: 2899: 2721: 2610: 2054: 1993: 1988: 1968: 1665: 1518: 1130: 550: 534: 4061: 3514: 3222: 3187: 3092: 2141: 1816: 1213: 986: 981: 195: 174: 161: 3895: 3644: 3312: 3202: 3062: 2764: 2663: 2643: 2189: 2024: 2003: 1973: 1846: 1072: 916:(of which Associated Newspapers was a shareholder), as was the goodwill of 671: 604: 30: 615:

was transformed into a daily paper, and the first issue of its successor,

603:

approached the managing director of the Associated Tobacco Companies, Sir

537:

Trust. In all probability Harris purchased the property as an investment.

4046: 3604: 3453: 3217: 3165: 2984: 2805: 2779: 2726: 2716: 2487: 2379: 2224: 2064: 2008: 1946: 1896: 754: 746: 723: 719: 1636: 1572: 1153:, reflecting the joints between steel framing and masonry infill panels; 1133:

along the ground floor level of the Phillip Street facade, insertion of

3207: 2482: 2110: 811:, the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sydney and numerous others. 428: 108: 3489: 3212: 2214: 1164: 1114: 1110: 699: 575:

Street. A Certificate of Title dated 30 September 1873 confirms that

501:

possession of the Josephson family until the beginning of the 1920s.

1639:

Conservation Management Plan - 60-70 Elizabeth Street (GIO Building)

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else left of the original building fabric apart from structural

1173:

Two steel framed windows in the tower at level 11 are corroding;

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quarters. The editors of the influential architectural journal

799:. Was attended by a large number of dignitaries, including the 611:

remained in publication for a further three months, whilst the

443:, Australia. It was built during 1929. It is also known as the 1332: 1212:. However, the ceilings of the lift lobbies are uniform, with 1125:

that held suspension cable off the facade are still in place.

1513: 750: 517:. Harris (1841-1917) was the great nephew of John Harris of 1208:

the tenth floor, which is finished with a panelled timber

57: 3831: 1269:

on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

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is situated on the Phillip Street side of the building.

714:

was born on 31 January 1866. He was the second son of

625:, aimed to provide the publication with something new: 459:. The property is privately owned and was added to the 1196:, floor slabs and concrete stairs in the roof towers. 726:(demolished), the London Assurance Building at 16-20 1328: 791:, was officially opened on 15 October 1929 by the 1637:Rod Howard Heritage Conservation Pty Ltd (2001). 1573:Rod Howard Heritage Conservation Pty Ltd (2001). 989:, or GIO, at the time a controlled entity of the 646:In 1918 Sun Newspapers Ltd took over the failing 4059: 635:Circulation on the first day was double that of 543: 1349:Australian non-residential architectural styles 1167:around the level 10 and 11 roofs have corroded; 478: 1656:This Knowledge article contains material from 1533: 900:were incorporated into a new newspaper called 3298: 2821: 1739: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 690:, Chair of the School of Architecture at the 16:Heritage-listed building in Sydney, Australia 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 997:was transferred to John Fairfax & Son's 968:In 1947 two new magazines were introduced - 874:Subsequent history of Sun Newspapers Limited 3660:Royal Automobile Club of Australia building 1702:"Former "Gio" Building Including Interiors" 787:The newly completed Sun Building, built by 504:Lot 8 appears to have been occupied by one 4027:Little Hunter and Hamilton Street Precinct 3305: 3291: 2835: 2828: 2814: 1746: 1732: 706: 1361: 1017:and operated an interest of one-third in 621:, was issued on 1 July 1910. Its editor, 1852:General Post Office (No. 1 Martin Place) 1500:Department of Planning & Environment 718:and was indentured into the practice of 4098:Commercial buildings in New South Wales 4078:New South Wales State Heritage Register 3344:Clarence Street Police Station (former) 1662:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1495:New South Wales State Heritage Register 1267:New South Wales State Heritage Register 461:New South Wales State Heritage Register 4068:Commercial buildings completed in 1929 4060: 1700: 1488: 1149:There are numerous cracks in the fire 1025:Subsequent history of the Sun building 749:(1922, demolished) and a residence at 4002:Other significant historical features 3286: 2809: 1727: 1575:60-70 Elizabeth Street (GIO Building) 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 3785:Churches and other places of worship 2616:Western Sydney International Dragway 1753: 1710:Office of Environment & Heritage 809:President of the Legislative Council 4103:Office buildings in New South Wales 3946:Cultural institutions and parklands 3399:Health Department building (former) 2844:Historical buildings and structures 2581:Sydney Olympic Park Athletic Centre 2566:Sydney International Regatta Centre 2428:Australian National Maritime Museum 1534:Berry, Vanessa (17 November 2015). 1248: 1163:Some of the hold-down bolts of the 1138:remnants of early building fabric. 805:Speaker of the Legislative Assembly 782: 13: 4073:Buildings and structures in Sydney 3630:Perpetual Trustee Company building 2586:Sydney Olympic Park Aquatic Centre 1553: 1186: 1098: 466:The GIO building was built in the 306:Thomas Rowe and Sydney Moore Green 64:GIO Building (former Sun Building) 14: 4119: 3570:Hawken and Vance Produce Exchange 3459:Sydney Water Head Office (former) 2596:Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre 2591:Sydney Olympic Park Hockey Centre 1706:New South Wales Heritage Database 1674: 1040:NSW Government Architect's Office 667:the controlling interests in it. 587: 445:General Insurance Office Building 340:New South Wales Heritage Register 4088:1929 establishments in Australia 3354:Department of Education Building 3314:Sydney central business district 1671:, accessed on 13 October 2018. 1651: 1512: 1331: 779:at 61-73 Kippax Street, Sydney. 437:Sydney central business district 175:33.8682479719°S 151.2108732860°E 134:Sydney central business district 72:Sydney central business district 56: 49: 29: 3027:Modern buildings and structures 1827:International Convention Centre 1630: 1265:GIO Building was listed on the 494:New South Wales Bar Association 3988:Sydney Conservatorium of Music 3937:Railway Square road overbridge 3705:Sydney School of Arts building 3500:Bathurst Street (Nos. 107–109) 2478:Sydney Conservatorium of Music 2418:Art Gallery of New South Wales 2305:Kamay Botany Bay National Park 2235:Central Gardens Nature Reserve 1688:. Australia For Everyone. 2017 1686:Elizabeth Street Heritage Walk 1646: 1601: 1527: 1061: 598:was one of only two afternoon 180:-33.8682479719; 151.2108732860 1: 3625:New South Wales Club building 3530:Erskine Street Police Station 2400:Wetherill Park Nature Reserve 1354: 991:Government of New South Wales 731: 698:, a prominent architect from 544:Early development on the site 451:, and was constructed as the 3922:Martin Place railway station 3419:Registrar-General's building 3359:Department of Lands Building 2443:Manly Art Gallery and Museum 2395:Western Sydney Regional Park 2375:Sydney Harbour National Park 2240:Chinese Garden of Friendship 2220:Blue Mountains National Park 2205:Berowra Valley National Park 2079:Major centres and localities 529:was a vice president of the 479:The early owners of the site 7: 3670:State Savings Bank building 2536:Rosehill Gardens Racecourse 2345:Prospect dolerite intrusion 2290:Georges River National Park 2285:Garawarra Conservation Area 1922:Overseas Passenger Terminal 1322: 1044:NSW Public Works Department 987:Government Insurance Office 914:Consolidated Press Holdings 881:Daily & Sunday Guardian 498:Australian Joint Stock Bank 196:Government Insurance Office 10: 4124: 3817:Pitt Street Uniting Church 3464:Treasury building (former) 3339:Chief Secretary's Building 3103:Dr Chau Chak Wing Building 2511:Canterbury Park Racecourse 2448:Museum of Contemporary Art 1912:Old Mining Museum Building 1837:Dr Chau Chak Wing Building 1660:, entry number 683 in the 531:Royal Agricultural Society 473: 468:Interwar Skyscraper Gothic 392:Commercial Office/Building 350:GIO Building; Sun Building 119:Interwar Skyscraper Gothic 4001: 3968:Justice and Police Museum 3945: 3904: 3830: 3797:Christ Church St Laurence 3784: 3758: 3725:Trickett's Hotel (former) 3505:Bulletin Place warehouses 3472: 3334:Central Local Court House 3321: 3252: 3244:NSW Government architects 3231: 3026: 2843: 2740: 2707: 2629: 2601:Sydney Showground Stadium 2496: 2458:Justice and Police Museum 2408: 2265:Featherdale Wildlife Park 2175: 2129: 2086:Central Business District 2078: 2017: 1999:White Bay Cruise Terminal 1762: 757:and theatres such as the 417: 412: 408: 404: 396: 388: 380: 372: 362: 354: 346: 337: 333: 325: 320: 310: 302: 294: 289: 281: 273: 253: 248: 240: 232: 218: 207:15 October 1929 203: 190: 151: 143: 124: 114: 104: 96: 91: 81: 44: 28: 23: 4108:Elizabeth Street, Sydney 4037:Sharpies Golf House Sign 4009:Darling Harbour Carousel 3917:St James railway station 3905:Transport infrastructure 3414:Parliament House, Sydney 3178:Sofitel Sydney Wentworth 2950:Mortuary railway station 2649:Disney Studios Australia 2468:Sea Life Sydney Aquarium 2390:Western Sydney Parklands 1233:newspaper, an afternoon 654:and changed its name to 329:Keers Banks and Maitland 3912:Central railway station 3771:Phillip Street Terraces 3650:Queen Victoria Building 3058:Auburn Gallipoli Mosque 2960:Queen Victoria Building 2895:Conservatorium of Music 2875:Central railway station 2606:Warwick Farm Racecourse 2561:Sydney Football Stadium 2355:Prospect Nature Reserve 2320:Lane Cove National Park 2295:Heathcote National Park 2255:Fairfield Park Precinct 1954:Queen Victoria Building 1042:and carried out by the 982:John Fairfax & Sons 892:were discontinued, the 870:and completed in 1926. 712:Joseph Alexander Kethel 707:Joseph Alexander Kethel 298:Joseph Alexander Kethel 290:Design and construction 244:NGI Investments Pty Ltd 3927:Museum railway station 3369:First Government House 3316:historical attractions 3118:Governor Phillip Tower 2837:Architecture of Sydney 2621:Western Sydney Stadium 2571:Sydney Motorsport Park 2541:Royal Sydney Golf Club 2438:Harry's Cafe de Wheels 2360:Rosford Street Reserve 2185:Auburn Botanic Gardens 2130:Urban renewal projects 1862:Governor Phillip Tower 1764:Buildings / structures 836: 789:Concrete Constructions 457:Sun Newspaper Building 358:State heritage (built) 315:Concrete Constructions 87:Sun Newspaper Building 3792:St Andrew's Cathedral 3776:Young Street Terraces 3759:Residential buildings 3590:John Bridge Woolstore 3428:Supreme Court of NSW 3394:Haymarket Post Office 3239:Australian architects 3193:Sydney Harbour Bridge 3088:Chau Chak Wing Museum 2970:St Andrew's Cathedral 2679:Roslyn Packer Theatre 2654:Entertainment Quarter 2556:Sydney Cricket Ground 2433:Chau Chak Wing Museum 2410:Cultural institutions 2330:Mrs Macquarie's Chair 2280:Garigal National Park 2270:Field of Mars Reserve 1959:St Andrew's Cathedral 1682:"Former GIO Building" 1609:"Former Sun Building" 961:had been replaced by 862:Sydney Morning Herald 821: 741:" in the vicinity of 533:and president of the 427:is a heritage-listed 236:Sun Newspaper Limited 3978:Royal Botanic Garden 3973:Macquarie Place Park 3510:Burns Philp building 3473:Commercial buildings 3424:State Library of NSW 3322:Government buildings 3133:International Towers 3073:Bennelong Apartments 3010:University of Sydney 2905:Education Department 2506:Australian Golf Club 2365:Royal Botanic Garden 2335:Paddington Reservoir 2275:Fred Hollows Reserve 2245:Chipping Norton Lake 2230:Centennial Parklands 1907:Old Government House 1892:Macquarie Lighthouse 692:University of Sydney 523:Legislative Assembly 3822:St Stephen's Church 3812:St Mary's Cathedral 3640:Public Trust Office 3585:International House 3374:General Post Office 3113:Dunc Gray Velodrome 3108:Deutsche Bank Place 2975:St Mary's Cathedral 2965:Registrar-General's 2910:General Post Office 2870:Central Local Court 2576:Sydney Olympic Park 2551:State Sports Centre 2531:Randwick Racecourse 2516:Dunc Gray Velodrome 2370:Royal National Park 2250:Cronulla sand dunes 2162:Sydney Olympic Park 1964:St Mary's Cathedral 1842:El Alamein Fountain 1832:Deutsche Bank Place 1787:Bankstown Reservoir 1613:Sydney Architecture 1339:Architecture portal 918:The Daily Telegraph 902:The Daily Telegraph 759:Independent Theatre 663:The Daily Telegraph 609:The Australian Star 171: / 115:Architectural style 92:General information 3665:Sir Stamford Hotel 3404:Hyde Park Barracks 3232:Notable architects 3198:Sydney Opera House 3156:Quay Quarter Tower 3128:Horizon Apartments 2990:Sydney Observatory 2930:Hyde Park Barracks 2526:Macquarie Ice Rink 2195:Balls Head Reserve 1872:Hyde Park Barracks 1792:Boothtown Aqueduct 1777:Archibald Fountain 963:Pocket Book Weekly 745:, "Chatsworth" at 696:Kingsley Henderson 648:The Northern Times 641:Castlereagh Street 381:Reference no. 4083:History of Sydney 4055: 4054: 3953:Australian Museum 3595:Judges House, The 3442:Old Registry Wing 3409:Hyde Park Obelisk 3280: 3279: 3272:Tallest buildings 3078:Blues Point Tower 3018:Victoria Barracks 2935:Hyde Park Obelisk 2880:Chief Secretary's 2803: 2802: 2546:Stadium Australia 2463:Powerhouse Museum 2423:Australian Museum 2310:Ku-ring-gai Chase 2210:Bicentennial Park 2046: 1937:Regimental Square 1877:King Street Wharf 1802:Campbell's Stores 955:Radio and Hobbies 884:As a result, the 657:The Newcastle Sun 463:on 2 April 1999. 431:located at 60-70 421: 420: 303:Architecture firm 249:Technical details 4115: 4042:Sydney Town Hall 3807:St James' Church 3610:Metters Building 3575:Hinchcliff House 3565:Grahame's Corner 3379:Government House 3307: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3283: 3183:Stamford on Kent 3152: 3098:Citigroup Centre 3068:Australia Square 3031: 3014: 3005:The Old Treasury 2955:Parliament House 2940:Lands Department 2920:Government House 2848: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2694:Sydney SuperDome 2453:Museum of Sydney 2177:Parks and nature 2116:Pitt Street Mall 2044: 1927:Parliament House 1882:Kirribilli House 1857:Government House 1822:Citigroup Centre 1782:Australia Square 1748: 1741: 1734: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1655: 1642: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1586: 1578: 1570: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1531: 1525: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1486: 1341: 1336: 1335: 1249:Heritage listing 890:Sunday Pictorial 834: 783:The Sun building 736: 733: 716:Alexander Kethel 688:Leslie Wilkinson 676:Macquarie Street 577:Joshua Josephson 433:Elizabeth Street 266:Cudgegong marble 228: 225:12 million 224: 214: 212: 199: 186: 185: 183: 182: 181: 176: 172: 169: 168: 167: 164: 130:Elizabeth Street 60: 59: 53: 37:Elizabeth Street 33: 21: 20: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4032:Man O'War Steps 3997: 3958:Capitol Theatre 3941: 3900: 3826: 3802:Great Synagogue 3780: 3754: 3720:Transport House 3715:The Sydney Club 3655:Red Cross House 3580:Hong Kong House 3495:Australian Hall 3468: 3449:Sydney Cenotaph 3317: 3311: 3281: 3276: 3262:Non-residential 3248: 3227: 3173:Sirius Building 3150: 3148:Paddy's Markets 3043:25 Martin Place 3029: 3028: 3022: 3012: 2980:Sydney Hospital 2925:Hong Kong House 2855:Admiralty House 2846: 2845: 2839: 2834: 2804: 2799: 2736: 2703: 2639:Capitol Theatre 2625: 2521:Lakes Golf Club 2492: 2404: 2340:Parramatta Park 2325:Macquarie Place 2315:Lake Parramatta 2171: 2152:Darling Harbour 2125: 2074: 2013: 1932:Parramatta Gaol 1867:Hong Kong House 1812:Central station 1797:Cadmans Cottage 1772:Admiralty House 1758: 1752: 1714: 1712: 1691: 1689: 1680: 1677: 1649: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1590: 1589: 1580: 1579: 1571: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1532: 1528: 1505: 1503: 1487: 1362: 1357: 1345: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1325: 1251: 1189: 1187:Internal fabric 1101: 1099:External fabric 1064: 1027: 978:Warwick Fairfax 959:Wireless Weekly 950:Wireless Weekly 906:Sunday Guardian 898:Daily Pictorial 876: 835: 829: 797:Dudley de Chair 793:Governor of NSW 785: 734: 709: 623:Montague Grover 595:Australian Star 590: 546: 527:Sydney Hospital 506:Richard Roberts 481: 476: 441:New South Wales 342: 321:Renovating team 311:Main contractor 282:Lifts/elevators 269: 226: 222: 219:Renovation cost 210: 208: 194: 179: 177: 173: 170: 165: 162: 160: 158: 157: 138:New South Wales 86: 77: 76: 75: 74: 68: 67: 66: 65: 61: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4121: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4053: 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3434: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3364:Downing Centre 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3329:Anzac Memorial 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3310: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3287: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3258: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3158: 3153: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3123:Grace Building 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3053:Anzac Memorial 3050: 3045: 3040: 3038:1 Bligh Street 3034: 3032: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2900:Downing Centre 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2840: 2833: 2832: 2825: 2818: 2810: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 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2032: 2027: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1994:Warragamba Dam 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1969:Sydney Airport 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1736: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1698: 1676: 1675:External links 1673: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1625: 1600: 1552: 1526: 1490:"GIO Building" 1359: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1343: 1342: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1250: 1247: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1147: 1131:stone cladding 1100: 1097: 1063: 1060: 1026: 1023: 1019:The Sun Herald 1011:The Sun Herald 894:Daily Guardian 875: 872: 868:Spain and Cosh 827: 784: 781: 769:publishers of 708: 705: 589: 588:Sun Newspapers 586: 551:Phillip Street 545: 542: 535:Wentworth Park 515:Matthew Harris 480: 477: 475: 472: 419: 418: 415: 414: 410: 409: 406: 405: 402: 401: 398: 394: 393: 390: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 374: 370: 369: 367:a., c., d., e. 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 344: 343: 338: 335: 334: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 275: 271: 270: 268: 267: 264: 263:Uralla granite 261: 260:Benedict stone 257: 255: 251: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 220: 216: 215: 205: 201: 200: 192: 188: 187: 155: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 69: 63: 62: 55: 54: 48: 47: 46: 45: 42: 41: 39:façade in 2013 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4120: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4093:Fairfax Media 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3983:State Theatre 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3766:History House 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3675:Strand Arcade 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3525:Corn Exchange 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3515:Challis House 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3437:Greenway Wing 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3349:Customs House 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3301: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3223:Zenith Centre 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3188:Suncorp Place 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3093:Chifley Tower 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2890:Customs House 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2860:Boronia House 2858: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2699:Theatre Royal 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689:State Theatre 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2674:Raging Waters 2672: 2670: 2669:Plaza Theatre 2667: 2665: 2664:Lyric Theatre 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2631:Entertainment 2628: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2473:State Library 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2350:Prospect Hill 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2142:Bays Precinct 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1817:Chifley Tower 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1640: 1635: 1634: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1596: 1584: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1541: 1540:Mirror Sydney 1537: 1530: 1523: 1520: 1515: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1329: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1243:State Theatre 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 979: 975: 971: 970:Sporting Life 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 951: 946: 942: 938: 934: 933: 928: 923: 922:Newcastle Sun 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 882: 871: 869: 864: 863: 856: 852: 849: 844: 840: 832: 826: 825: 820: 818: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 780: 778: 774: 773: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 729: 728:Bridge Street 725: 721: 717: 713: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 683: 679: 677: 673: 668: 665: 664: 659: 658: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 633: 631: 626: 624: 620: 619: 614: 610: 606: 601: 597: 596: 585: 581: 578: 572: 568: 565: 564:Supreme Court 560: 556: 552: 541: 538: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 510: 507: 502: 499: 495: 489: 485: 471: 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 416: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 368: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 347:Official name 345: 341: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 316: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 265: 262: 259: 258: 256: 252: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 221: 217: 206: 202: 197: 193: 189: 184: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 120: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 99: 95: 90: 84: 80: 73: 52: 43: 38: 32: 27: 22: 19: 4019: 4015: 3886:Royal George 3881:Metropolitan 3846:Bristol Arms 3739:York Street 3698:Nos. 163–169 3688:Nos. 139–153 3683:Nos. 121–127 3645:Qantas House 3615:MLC Building 3560:GIO building 3559: 3548:Nos. 348–352 3520:CML building 3485:APA building 3387:Nos. 181–187 3203:Sydney Tower 3143:MLC Building 3083:Central Park 3063:Aurora Place 3048:AMP Building 3030:(post-1930s) 3013:(Main Quad.) 2915:GIO Building 2914: 2765:Fort Denison 2644:Crown Sydney 2190:Balaka Falls 2157:Green Square 2147:Central Park 2106:North Sydney 2041:Glebe Island 2039: 2030:Captain Cook 2004:World Square 1989:War Memorial 1974:Sydney Tower 1847:Finger Wharf 1807:The Cenotaph 1713:. Retrieved 1705: 1690:. Retrieved 1685: 1658:GIO Building 1650: 1638: 1631:Bibliography 1616:. Retrieved 1612: 1603: 1574: 1543:. Retrieved 1539: 1536:"A City Sun" 1529: 1504:. Retrieved 1493: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1206: 1198: 1190: 1140: 1127: 1102: 1093: 1089: 1077: 1073:loading dock 1065: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1003: 994: 973: 969: 967: 962: 958: 954: 948: 944: 941:World's News 940: 936: 930: 926: 921: 917: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886:Evening News 885: 880: 877: 860: 857: 853: 845: 841: 837: 830: 823: 822: 816: 813: 786: 776: 770: 767: 763:North Sydney 710: 684: 680: 672:Martin Place 669: 661: 655: 647: 645: 636: 634: 629: 627: 616: 612: 608: 605:Hugh Denison 593: 591: 582: 573: 569: 547: 539: 511: 503: 490: 486: 482: 465: 456: 453:Sun Building 452: 449:GIO building 448: 444: 429:office tower 425:GIO Building 424: 422: 376:2 April 1999 326:Architect(s) 295:Architect(s) 85:Sun Building 82:Former names 70:Location in 24:GIO Building 18: 4047:Tank Stream 3856:Dundee Arms 3851:Crown (pub) 3735:Wales House 3710:Trades Hall 3605:Liner House 3454:Sydney Mint 3432:Banco Court 3383:Hay Street 3267:Residential 3218:World Tower 3166:IMAX Sydney 3000:Trades Hall 2885:Cloncorrick 2847:(pre-1930s) 2488:Taronga Zoo 2380:Sydney Park 2225:Brenan Park 2200:Bents Basin 2101:Kings Cross 2035:Gladesville 2009:World Tower 1979:The Toaster 1947:IMAX Sydney 1917:Opera House 1902:Observatory 1715:13 December 1692:13 December 1647:Attribution 1591:|work= 1239:Grace Hotel 1062:Description 819:felt that: 755:Surry Hills 747:Potts Point 735: 1921 724:Pitt Street 720:Thomas Rowe 274:Floor count 178: / 166:151°12′39″E 153:Coordinates 4062:Categories 3993:The Domain 3834:and hotels 3600:Kyle House 3208:TNT Towers 3161:The Ribbon 2483:Sydney Zoo 2385:The Domain 2137:Barangaroo 2111:Parramatta 1942:The Ribbon 1506:13 October 1355:References 1160:guttering; 1115:flat roofs 957:. By 1943 937:Sunday Sun 910:Sunday Sun 904:, and the 613:Sunday Sun 413:References 400:Commercial 373:Designated 211:1929-10-15 163:33°52′06″S 109:Skyscraper 3963:Hyde Park 3876:Hotel CBD 3871:Hollywood 3490:AWA Tower 3480:AMA House 3213:UTS Tower 2995:Town Hall 2795:Spectacle 2659:Luna Park 2300:Hyde Park 2260:Farm Cove 2215:Bland Oak 2121:The Rocks 2096:Chinatown 2091:Chatswood 2070:Tom Uglys 2060:Roseville 2045:(disused) 1984:Town Hall 1757:landmarks 1666:CC-BY 4.0 1618:7 October 1593:ignored ( 1583:cite book 1545:7 October 1519:CC-BY 4.0 1165:handrails 1111:leadlight 927:Daily Sun 833:magazine. 777:Sportsman 700:Melbourne 652:Newcastle 191:Named for 147:Australia 100:Completed 4022:Memorial 4018:I – SMS 3891:Skinners 3841:Arthouse 3151:(redev.) 3138:Latitude 2985:The Mint 2945:Lindesay 2865:Carthona 2760:Cockatoo 2722:Cronulla 2684:The Star 2167:Waterloo 1887:Long Bay 1502:. H00683 1323:See also 1241:and the 1123:brackets 1085:mullions 1071:and the 999:Broadway 831:Building 828:— 817:Building 637:The Star 397:Category 363:Criteria 254:Material 3693:No. 161 3553:No. 354 3543:No. 343 3538:No. 341 2790:Snapper 2742:Islands 2709:Beaches 2055:Pyrmont 2050:Harbour 2018:Bridges 1669:licence 1522:licence 1235:tabloid 1230:The Sun 1194:columns 1135:grilles 1081:parapet 1015:The Sun 1007:The Sun 995:The Sun 974:Glamour 801:Premier 630:The Sun 618:The Sun 600:tabloid 474:History 470:style. 455:or the 435:in the 209: ( 144:Country 125:Address 4016:Sydney 3896:Sussex 3866:George 3748:No. 73 3743:No. 22 3254:Styles 2770:Garden 1755:Sydney 1202:marble 1151:stairs 1146:tower; 1119:awning 1069:facade 848:Uralla 807:, the 795:, Sir 694:, and 555:Hunter 519:Ultimo 447:; the 233:Client 227:(1985) 204:Opened 128:60-70 97:Status 4020:Emden 4014:HMAS 3861:Grace 2785:Shark 2755:Clark 2727:Manly 2717:Bondi 2498:Sport 2025:Anzac 1214:coved 932:Woman 772:Truth 751:Leura 739:Cavan 241:Owner 198:(GIO) 3832:Pubs 2780:Rodd 2775:Goat 2750:Bare 2732:Palm 2065:Spit 1897:Mint 1717:2018 1694:2018 1620:2017 1595:help 1547:2017 1508:2018 1210:dado 1106:bays 1009:and 972:and 953:and 908:and 896:and 888:and 775:and 743:Yass 559:King 557:and 423:The 389:Type 355:Type 105:Type 35:The 945:Pix 761:at 650:in 384:683 223:A$ 4064:: 1708:. 1704:. 1684:. 1611:. 1587:: 1585:}} 1581:{{ 1555:^ 1538:. 1498:. 1492:. 1363:^ 1245:. 947:, 943:, 939:, 935:, 929:, 803:, 732:c. 439:, 277:10 136:, 132:, 3306:e 3299:t 3292:v 2829:e 2822:t 2815:v 1747:e 1740:t 1733:v 1719:. 1696:. 1641:. 1622:. 1597:) 1577:. 1549:. 1524:. 1510:. 285:7 213:)

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