27:
151:
682:, called the discovery of GRB 090423 a "watershed event" as it marked "the beginning of the study of the universe as it was before most of the structure that we know about today came into being." Nial Tanvir, who was part of the VLT team, suggests that gamma-ray bursts provide a unique tool to study the universe at early times because everything else is too faint to be observed. For instance,
642:
of 9.4, which surpasses that of GRB 090423, although the comparatively large error bars from the photometric redshift technique mean that the GRB 090429B result is much less certain. The burst occurred when the
Universe was approximately one twentieth of its present age. Prior to the observations
344:, which when combined, suggested a very weak signal at the position of the afterglow. They too saw a drop off in flux near 1.1 micrometres, and reported a redshift of 8.1 for GRB 090423, which is consistent, within error, of the redshift reported by Tanvir
246:
means that GRB 090423 is also one of the earliest objects ever detected for which a spectroscopic redshift has been measured. The universe was only 630 million years old when the GRB occurred, and its detection confirms that
287:
took a 150-second exposure of the field, but was unable to detect an optical or ultraviolet afterglow. A few minutes after its discovery, ground-based telescopes began observing the field. Within 20 minutes of the burst,
255:
even very early on in the life of the universe. GRB 090423 and similar events provide a unique means of studying the early universe, as few other objects of that era are bright enough to be seen with today's
667:. When the burst occurred it was 3.3 billion ly away from our position, but due to the expansion of the universe and the movement of galaxies, the originating galaxy is now 30 billion ly away.
647:, which was observed in September 2008. That burst had a redshift of 6.7, placing it approximately 190 million light-years closer to Earth than GRB 090423. Derek Fox, who led the observations done by
1366:
348:
The redshift of 8.1 suggest the burst may have lasted approximately 1.2 seconds in the local frame of the emitter, its duration being redshifted accordingly to the observed 10 seconds.
622: = 8.2, at the time of observation, the burst was the most distant known object of any kind with a spectroscopic redshift. GRB 090423 was also the oldest known object in the
1337:
1625:
1679:
376:
379:
observatory. The observation of GRB 090423 by CARMA was taken at a frequency of 92.5 GHz. While the afterglow was not detected, they were able to place a
1288:
328:, they calculated a redshift of 8.2 for GRB 090423. The team of C.C. Thöne and Paolo D'Avanzo observed the afterglow of GRB 090423 using the Italian
1750:
686:
have yet to be directly observed, but the progenitor of GRB 090423 may belong to this class. These early stars are expected to contribute to the
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508:
364:
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1313:
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PdB observations led by Castro-Tirado on 23–24 April able to detect the mm afterglow at a flux density of 0.2 mJy at 90 GHz
1240:
215:. The burst itself typically only lasts for a few seconds, but gamma-ray bursts frequently produce an "afterglow" at longer
1159:(Press release). ESO European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere. 2009-04-28. Archived from
690:
of the universe, a process which ended at a redshift of about 6. As more powerful telescopes begin operation, such as the
1205:
1596:
671:
293:
284:
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219:
that can be observed for many hours or even days after the burst. Measurements at these wavelengths, which include
196: = 8.2, making it one of the most distant objects detected at that time with a spectroscopic redshift (
683:
71:
698:
hope to pinpoint the locations of faint GRB host galaxies by observing blasts similar to that of GRB 090423.
648:
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when Swift first detected the burst at 07:55 UTC, but was the following day at 03:00 UTC, which enabled the
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consistent with the value reported elsewhere. The last observers to gather data during the event was the
154:
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Cucchiara retracts report and revises photometry placing a constrain on the redshift between 7 and 9 (
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that occurs as the result of an explosion, and is thought to be associated with the formation of a
26:
276:
satellite detected a burst that lasted about 10 seconds and was located in the direction of the
464:
1447:
Cucchiara, A.; et al. (20 July 2011). "A photometric redshift of z~9.4 for GRB 090429B".
615:
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1182:"Astronomical Artifact: Most Distant Object Yet Detected Carries Clues from Early Universe"
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whose afterglow was detected in the infrared and enabled astronomers to determine that its
8:
663:, confirming that massive stellar births (and deaths) did indeed occur in the very early
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Swift localized the field in which GRB 090423 occurred, and 77 seconds after the burst,
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Olivares' team in Chile report a photometric redshift of z=8 (with errors +0.5, −1.2)
996:
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652:
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Olivares' team at GROND releases final photometry at z=8.0 (with errors +0.4, −0.8)
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881:
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1629:
854:
Tanvir, N. R.; et al. (2009). "A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z = 8.2".
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done on GRB 090423, the previous record holder for age and distance for GRBs was
177:
90:
37:
1289:"More Observations of GRB 090423, the Most Distant Known Object in the Universe"
359:
that obtained the spectrum reported by Tanvir et al. The GRB was not visible in
333:
243:
1655:
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1034:
304:. The initial observations taken by UKIRT were triggered autonomously via the
1744:
1600:
630:. The light from the burst took approximately 13 billion years to reach
449:
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228:
78:
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First observations of an infrared afterglow by Tanvir's team using UKIRT in
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Salvaterra, R.; et al. (2009). "GRB 090423 at a redshift of z = 8.1".
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The
Italian team led by Thöne reports a spectroscopic redshift of z=7.6
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and his team found an infrared source at the Swift position using the
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and its demise, which would probably have signalled the birth of a
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released a lag analysis where long or short burst was inconclusive
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Combined Array for
Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA)
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starts detecting burst, GRB 090423 is not yet visible in Chile
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1105:"GRB 090423: NIR photometry and evidence for spectral break"
1670:
1663:"Most Distant Object Yet Detected, Bagged By Galileo Scope"
1406:
559:
Italian team revises their spectroscopic redshift to z=8.1
388:
651:, suggests that the GRB was most likely the result of the
674:, who was able to observe the location of the GRB at the
659:. The event occurred roughly 630 million years after the
269:
185:
1622:
Hvor meget har universet udvidet sig på 13,1 mia. lysår?
1157:"The Most Distant Object Yet Discovered in the Universe"
1011:"The Most Distant Object Yet Discovered in the Universe"
603:
Non-detection by CARMA ( >0.7 mJy) at 92.5 GHz
1314:"GRB 090423 goes Supernova in a galaxy, far, far away"
509:
Gamma-Ray Burst
Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND)
365:
Gamma-Ray Burst
Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GROND)
1035:"GRB 090423: GROND detection and preliminary photo-z"
729:"GRB 090423: GROND detection and preliminary photo-z"
1573:"New Gamma-Ray Burst Smashes Cosmic Distance Record"
1549:"NASA's Swift Catches Farthest Ever Gamma-Ray Burst"
1136:"New Gamma-Ray Burst Smashes Cosmic Distance Record"
463:, Cucchiara's team also in Hawaii, reports a wrong
405:Details of the sequence of GRB 090423 observations
1338:"GRB 090423 explosion '13 billion years old'"
1599:. Fundación Galileo Galilei. 2009. Archived from
1397:"GRB 090423: The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured"
1395:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (29 April 2009).
551:Tanvir reports a spectroscopic redshift of z=8.2
1742:
1427:"Scientists spot oldest ever object in universe"
1367:"Scientists spot oldest ever object in universe"
1238:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1394:
308:. They observed a drop off in flux beyond 1.13
1133:
948:
371:to make observations of the burst, and find a
351:The intergovernmental astronomy organisation,
1241:"Most distant object in the universe spotted"
1227:
1102:
853:
708:List of the most distant astronomical objects
200:, discovered in 2016, has a redshift of 11).
1632:(How much did the universe expand in 13By?)
726:
263:
1597:"TNG caught the farthest GRB observed ever"
1440:
1269:Sol Station: Gamma-Ray Bursts 000131–090423
847:
1056:
1054:
917:
822:
791:
143:GRB 090423A, GRB 090423, Fermi bn090423330
25:
1642:, 13 April 2015. Accessed: 13 April 2015.
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962:
867:
760:
107:+18° 08′ 58.9″
913:
911:
763:"GRB 090423: Swift detection of a burst"
1751:Astronomical objects discovered in 2009
1614:
1051:
794:"GRB 090423: UKIRT K-band observations"
756:
754:
720:
481:http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3/9213.gcn3
469:http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3/9209.gcn3
446:http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn3/9202.gcn3
239:, enable follow-up study of the event.
1743:
816:
394:
52:(detected 23 April 2009, 07:55:19 UTC)
1127:
908:
785:
515:, observes at 7 bands simultaneously
942:
825:"GRB 090423: VLT/ISAAC spectroscopy"
751:
428:begin their observations of the GRB
1589:
1419:
1210:Sky Publishing, Sky & Telescope
1149:
1103:Cucchiara, A.; et al. (2009).
1080:"GRB 090423: CARMA mm observations"
1015:European Southern Observatory (ESO)
638:, was subsequently found to have a
491:An Italian team led by Thöne using
353:European Southern Observatory (ESO)
13:
727:Olivares, H.; et al. (2009).
672:University of California, Berkeley
203:A gamma-ray burst is an extremely
14:
1777:
1649:
1084:Poonam Chandra at U Virginia/NRAO
294:United Kingdom Infrared Telescope
285:the Swift UVOT Photometric System
1698:Most distant astronomical object
1620:Stage, Mie & Fynbo, Johan. "
920:"GRB 090423: TNG Amici spectrum"
918:Thoene, C.; et al. (2009).
823:Tanvir, N.; et al. (2009).
792:Tanvir, N.; et al. (2009).
149:
16:Gamma-ray burst detected in 2009
1565:
1541:
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1359:
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1239:Rachel Courtland (2009-04-27).
1198:
1174:
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761:Krimm, H.; et al. (2009).
609:
503:The GRB now becomes visible in
316:. Attributing this drop off to
268:On April 23, 2009, at 07:55:19
184:on April 23, 2009, at 07:55:19
1756:Long-duration gamma-ray bursts
1656:Video of GRB 090423 on Youtube
1206:"The Farthest Thing Ever Seen"
1027:
1003:
527:(VLT) starts its observations
332:3.6m telescope located in the
1:
1134:Reddy, Francis (2009-04-28).
713:
694:, launched in December 2021,
684:the first generation of stars
649:Pennsylvania State University
495:(TNG) starts its observation
340:. They obtained two hours of
182:Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission
115:
60:
47:
1725:Most distant gamma-ray burst
1402:Astronomy Picture of the Day
1344:. 2009-04-29. Archived from
493:Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
7:
1675:Goddard Space Flight Center
701:
653:explosion of a massive star
634:. Another gamma-ray burst,
10:
1782:
692:James Webb Space Telescope
1731:
1722:
1714:
1704:
1695:
1687:
1479:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/7
1449:The Astrophysical Journal
600:April 28, 2009 02:00 UTC
592:April 28, 2009 00:30 UTC
584:April 25, 2009 18:30 UTC
576:April 25, 2009 10:40 UTC
564:April 25, 2009 03:45 UTC
556:April 24, 2009 14:00 UTC
548:April 24, 2009 07:30 UTC
540:April 24, 2009 03:15 UTC
532:April 24, 2009 03:00 UTC
520:April 24, 2009 01:30 UTC
500:April 23, 2009 23:00 UTC
488:April 23, 2009 22:00 UTC
476:April 23, 2009 20:30 UTC
456:April 23, 2009 15:00 UTC
433:April 23, 2009 08:16 UTC
421:April 23, 2009 07:58 UTC
410:April 23, 2009 07:55 UTC
264:Discovery and observation
160:
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24:
523:Tanvir's team using the
155:Related media on Commons
676:Gemini South telescope
424:Several groups in the
320:absorption by neutral
180:(GRB) detected by the
1680:GRB 090423 on WikiSky
1429:. CNN.com. 2009-04-29
1066:Details on GRB 090423
1039:GCN CIRCULAR no. 9215
50:13 billion years ago
1639:Niels Bohr Institute
670:Joshua Bloom of the
640:photometric redshift
525:Very Large Telescope
513:La Silla Observatory
448:) triggered via the
373:photometric redshift
369:La Silla Observatory
357:Very Large Telescope
326:intergalactic medium
1766:Leo (constellation)
1471:2011ApJ...736....7C
1186:Scientific American
1121:2009GCN..9209....1C
981:10.1038/nature08445
973:2009Natur.461.1258S
957:(7268): 1258–1260.
936:2009GCN..9216....1T
886:10.1038/nature08459
878:2009Natur.461.1254T
862:(7268): 1254–1257.
841:2009GCN..9219....1T
810:2009GCN..9202....1T
779:2009GCN..9198....1K
745:2009GCN..9215....1O
567:Krimm's team using
467:claiming that z=9 (
395:Observation history
381:3-sigma upper limit
21:
1732:Succeeded by
1628:2015-04-20 at the
1062:"History of Event"
579:VLA non-detection
391:of the afterglow.
140:Other designations
19:
1761:April 2009 events
1736:
1735:
1705:Succeeded by
1295:. 28 October 2009
626:, apart from the
607:
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278:constellation Leo
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1715:Preceded by
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402:Time (UTC)
318:Lyman alpha
310:micrometres
296:(UKIRT) on
290:Nial Tanvir
242:The finite
225:ultraviolet
217:wavelengths
118:30 billion
103:Declination
96:09 55 33.08
1745:Categories
1718:GRB 080913
1702:2009–2015
1635:Ingeniøren
1607:2009-04-25
1582:2010-02-23
1558:2010-02-23
1534:2010-02-23
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465:photometry
258:telescopes
213:black hole
209:gamma rays
174:GRB 090423
68:Instrument
63:10 seconds
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312:with the
298:Mauna Kea
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1371:Mixx.com
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702:See also
665:Universe
661:Big Bang
624:Universe
616:redshift
507:and the
322:hydrogen
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1467:Bibcode
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